1
|
Shen G, Jia X, Qi T, Hu Z, Xiao A, Liu Q, He K, Guo W, Zhang D, Li W, Cao G, Li G, Tian J, Huang X, Hu Y. Data-Driven Design of Triple-Targeted Protein Nanoprobes for Multiplexed Imaging of Cancer Lymphatic Metastasis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405877. [PMID: 38889909 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Targeted imaging of cancer lymphatic metastasis remains challenging due to its highly heterogeneous molecular and phenotypic diversity. Herein, triple-targeted protein nanoprobes capable of specifically binding to three targets for imaging cancer lymphatic metastasis, through a data-driven design approach combined with a synthetic biology-based assembly strategy, are introduced. Specifically, to address the diversity of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), a combination of three targets, including C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), transferrin receptor protein 1 (TfR1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is identified, leveraging machine leaning-based bioinformatics analysis and examination of LN tissues from patients with gastric cancer. Using this identified target combination, ferritin nanocage-based nanoprobes capable of specifically binding to all three targets are designed through the self-assembly of genetically engineered ferritin subunits using a synthetic biology approach. Using these nanoprobes, multiplexed imaging of heterogeneous metastatic LNs is successfully achieved in a polyclonal lymphatic metastasis animal model. In 19 freshly resected human gastric specimens, the signal from the triple-targeted nanoprobes significantly differentiates metastatic LNs from benign LNs. This study not only provides an effective nanoprobe for imaging highly heterogeneous lymphatic metastasis but also proposes a potential strategy for guiding the design of targeted nanomedicines for cancer lymphatic metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaohua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuozhou Grand Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shuozhou, 036000, China
| | - Tianyi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Anqi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Keyu He
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Center of Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wanjun Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Genmao Cao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinglu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stachler MD, Jin RU. Molecular Pathology of Gastroesophageal Cancer. Clin Lab Med 2024; 44:239-254. [PMID: 38821643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Upper gastroesophageal carcinomas consist of cancers arising from the esophagus and stomach. Squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas are seen in the esophagus and despite arising from the same organ have different biology. Gastric adenocarcinomas are categorized into 4 molecular subtypes: high Epstein-Barr virus load, microsatellite unstable cancers, chromosomal unstable (CIN) cancers, and genomically stable cancers. Genomically stable gastric cancers correlate highly with histologically defined diffuse-type cancers. Esophageal carcinomas and CIN gastric cancers often are driven by high-level amplifications of oncogenes and contain a high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity. Targeted therapeutics is an active area of research for gastroesophageal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Stachler
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSW450B, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Ramon U Jin
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Suite 7B, MS: BCM904, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuwata T. Molecular classification and intratumoral heterogeneity of gastric adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 2024; 74:301-316. [PMID: 38651937 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancers frequently harbor striking histological complexity and diversity between lesions as well as within single lesions, known as inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, respectively. The latest World Health Organization Classification of Tumors designated more than 30 histological subtypes for gastric epithelial tumors, assigning 12 subtypes for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAD). Meanwhile, recent advances in genome-wide analyses have provided molecular aspects to the histological classification of GAD, and consequently revealed different molecular traits underlying these histological subtypes. Moreover, accumulating knowledge of comprehensive molecular profiles has led to establishing molecular classifications of GAD, which are often associated with clinical biomarkers for therapeutics and prognosis. However, most of our knowledge of GAD molecular profiles is based on inter-tumoral heterogeneity, and the molecular profiles underlying intratumoral heterogeneity are yet to be determined. In this review, recently established molecular classifications of GAD are introduced in the aspect of pathological diagnosis and are discussed in the context of intratumoral heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kuwata
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Díaz Del Arco C, Fernández Aceñero MJ, Ortega Medina L. Molecular Classifications in Gastric Cancer: A Call for Interdisciplinary Collaboration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2649. [PMID: 38473896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease, often diagnosed at advanced stages, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20%. Despite notable technological advancements in cancer research over the past decades, their impact on GC management and outcomes has been limited. Numerous molecular alterations have been identified in GC, leading to various molecular classifications, such as those developed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG). Other authors have proposed alternative perspectives, including immune, proteomic, or epigenetic-based classifications. However, molecular stratification has not yet transitioned into clinical practice for GC, and little attention has been paid to alternative molecular classifications. In this review, we explore diverse molecular classifications in GC from a practical point of view, emphasizing their relationships with clinicopathological factors, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches. We have focused on classifications beyond those of TCGA and the ACRG, which have been less extensively reviewed previously. Additionally, we discuss the challenges that must be overcome to ensure their impact on patient treatment and prognosis. This review aims to serve as a practical framework to understand the molecular landscape of GC, facilitate the development of consensus molecular categories, and guide the design of innovative molecular studies in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz Del Arco
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Fernández Aceñero
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega Medina
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee JE, Kim KT, Shin SJ, Cheong JH, Choi YY. Genomic and evolutionary characteristics of metastatic gastric cancer by routes. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:672-682. [PMID: 37422528 PMCID: PMC10421927 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gastric cancer (GC) patients, metastatic progression through the lymphatic, hematogenous, peritoneal, and ovarian routes, is the ultimate cause of death. However, the genomic and evolutionary characteristics of metastatic GC have not been widely evaluated. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing data were analyzed for 99 primary and paired metastatic gastric cancers from 15 patients who underwent gastrectomy and metastasectomy. RESULTS Hematogenous metastatic tumors were associated with increased chromosomal instability and de novo gain/amplification in cancer driver genes, whereas peritoneal/ovarian metastasis was linked to sustained chromosomal stability and de novo somatic mutations in driver genes. The genomic distance of the hematogenous and peritoneal metastatic tumors was found to be closer to the primary tumors than lymph node (LN) metastasis, while ovarian metastasis was closer to LN and peritoneal metastasis than the primary tumor. Two migration patterns for metastatic GCs were identified; branched and diaspora. Both molecular subtypes of the metastatic tumors, rather than the primary tumor, and their migration patterns were related to patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Genomic characteristics of metastatic gastric cancer is distinctive by routes and associated with patients' prognosis along with genomic evolution pattenrs, indicating that both primary and metastatic gastric cancers require genomic evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Lee
- Portrai Inc., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Dental Research Institute and Dental Multi-omics Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang J, Zhao G, Peng Q, Yi X, Ji L, Li J, Li P, Guan Y, Ge J, Chen L, Chen R, Hu X, Lee W, Reuben A, Futreal PA, Xia X, Ma J, Zhang J, Chen Z. Analysis of genomic and immune intratumor heterogeneity in linitis plastica via multiregional exome and T-cell receptor sequencing. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1531-1544. [PMID: 36703611 PMCID: PMC10399711 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular landscape and the intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) architecture of gastric linitis plastica (LP) are poorly understood. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing on 40 tumor regions from four LP patients. The landscape and ITH at the genomic and immunological levels in LP tumors were compared with multiple cancers that have previously been reported. The lymphocyte infiltration was further assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in LP tumors. In total, we identified 6339 non-silent mutations from multi-samples, with a median tumor mutation burden (TMB) of 3.30 mutations per Mb, comparable to gastric adenocarcinoma from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (P = 0.53). An extremely high level of genomic ITH was observed, with only 12.42%, 5.37%, 5.35%, and 30.67% of mutations detectable across 10 regions within the same tumors of each patient, respectively. TCR sequencing revealed that TCR clonality was substantially lower in LP than in multi-cancers. IHC using antibodies against CD4, CD8, and PD-L1 demonstrated scant T-cell infiltration in the four LP tumors. Furthermore, profound TCR ITH was observed in all LP tumors, with no T-cell clones shared across tumor regions in any of the patients, while over 94% of T-cell clones were restricted to individual tumor regions. The Morisita overlap index (MOI) ranged from 0.21 to 0.66 among multi-regions within the same tumors, significantly lower than that of lung cancer (P = 0.002). Our results show that LP harbored extremely high genomic and TCR ITH and suppressed T-cell infiltration, suggesting a potential contribution to the frequent recurrence and poor therapeutic response of this adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal TumorXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya HospitalXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- International Joint Research Center of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Technology Equipment & StandardizationChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Guofeng Zhao
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Qiu Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xin Yi
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Liyan Ji
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Jing Li
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Pansong Li
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Yanfang Guan
- Geneplus‐Beijing InstituteBeijingChina
- Geneplus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Jie Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Runzhe Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Genomic MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Genomic MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Won‐Chul Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - P. Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | | | - Jian Ma
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal TumorXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Genomic MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Zihua Chen
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal TumorXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- International Joint Research Center of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Technology Equipment & StandardizationChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen K, Cheng Q, Xiao J, Zhou X, Wang Y, Liu K, Ni P, Fan H, Hu L, Xu Z, Yang L. Polymorphism rs1057147 located in mesothelin gene predicts lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3637-3651. [PMID: 37145159 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis, a crucial factor in the spread of gastric cancer (GC), is strongly associated with a negative prognosis for patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of the mesothelin (MSLN) gene polymorphisms (rs3764247, rs3764246, rs12597489, rs1057147, and rs3765319) with the risk of lymph node metastasis of GC patients in a Chinese Han population. The PCR-LDR genotyping was used to detect the genotypes of MSLN polymorphisms in GC patients with lymph node metastasis (n = 610) or without (n = 356). Our research indicates that certain genetic markers, specifically rs3764247, rs3764246, rs12597489, and rs3765319, do not appear to be linked with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis in GC. However, we did observe that patients with the rs1057147 GA genotype exhibited a higher likelihood of lymph node metastasis in GC when compared to those with the GG genotype (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.01 - 1.76, P = 0.045). Patients with rs1057147 GA + AA genotype were found to have a higher likelihood of lymph node involvement (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03 - 1.77, P = 0.029) when compared to those with GG genotype in the dominant model. The allelic model revealed that the A allele of rs1057147 exhibited a stronger correlation with lymph node metastasis compared to the G allele (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.60, P = 0.031). In addition, we found that rs1057147 polymorphism revealed a poor prognosis for GC patients with lymph node metastasis. Further stratified analysis revealed that the prognostic effect of rs1057147 was more pronounced in patients with GC who had lymph node metastasis and had a tumor size of 4 cm or greater, as well as more than 2 lymph node metastases. Bioinformatics studies showed that the binding mode of miR-3144-5p or miR-3619-3p to MSLN was altered by the mutation of rs1057147. Our study confirmed the important role of MSLN rs1057147 polymorphism locus in GC lymph node metastases and suggested a potential prognostic factor during GC progression. KEY POINTS: • Rs1057147 GA genotype had an increased risk of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. • The A allele of rs1057147 had a stronger association with lymph node metastasis than the G allele. • The binding mode of miR-3144-5p or miR-3619-3p to MSLN was altered by the mutation of rs1057147.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanhang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kanghui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peidong Ni
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nurgalieva A, Galliamova L, Ekomasova N, Yankina M, Sakaeva D, Valiev R, Prokofyeva D, Dzhaubermezov M, Fedorova Y, Khusnutdinov S, Khusnutdinova E. Whole Exome Sequencing Study Suggests an Impact of FANCA, CDH1 and VEGFA Genes on Diffuse Gastric Cancer Development. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020280. [PMID: 36833207 PMCID: PMC9956399 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancer types in the world with a high mortality rate. Hereditary predisposition for GC is not fully elucidated so far. The aim of this study was identification of possible new candidate genes, associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer development. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 18 DNA samples from adenocarcinoma specimens and non-tumor-bearing healthy stomach tissue from the same patient. Three pathogenic variants were identified: c.1320+1G>A in the CDH1 gene and c.27_28insCCCAGCCCCAGCTACCA (p.Ala9fs) of the VEGFA gene were found only in the tumor tissue, whereas c.G1874C (p.Cys625Ser) in the FANCA gene was found in both the tumor and normal tissue. These changes were found only in patients with diffuse gastric cancer and were absent in the DNA of healthy donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfiia Nurgalieva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +79-(87)-1340376
| | - Lilia Galliamova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Natalia Ekomasova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Maria Yankina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Dina Sakaeva
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ruslan Valiev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Darya Prokofyeva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Murat Dzhaubermezov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Yuliya Fedorova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Shamil Khusnutdinov
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Röcken C. Predictive biomarkers in gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:467-481. [PMID: 36260159 PMCID: PMC9889517 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Predictive biomarkers are the mainstay of precision medicine. This review summarizes the advancements in tissue-based diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer, which is considered the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A disease seen in the elderly, it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, thereby limiting therapeutic options. In Western countries, neoadjuvant/perioperative (radio-)chemotherapy is administered, and adjuvant chemotherapy is administered in the East. The morpho-molecular classification of gastric cancer has opened novel avenues identifying Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV)-positive, microsatellite instable, genomically stable and chromosomal instable gastric cancers. In chromosomal instable tumors, receptor tyrosine kinases (RKTs) (e.g., EGFR, FGFR2, HER2, and MET) are frequently overexpressed. Gastric cancers such as microsatellite instable and EBV-positive types often express immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-L1 and VISTA. Genomically stable tumors show alterations in claudin 18.2. Next-generation sequencing is increasingly being used to search for druggable targets in advanced palliative settings. However, most tissue-based biomarkers of gastric cancer carry the risk of a sampling error due to intratumoral heterogeneity, and adequate tissue sampling is of paramount importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, Haus U33, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Furukawa K, Hatakeyama K, Terashima M, Fujiya K, Tanizawa Y, Bando E, Sugino T, Urakami K, Naito T, Kagawa H, Yamaguchi K. Report of two patients in whom comparisons of the somatic mutation profile were useful for the diagnosis of metastatic tumors. Surg Case Rep 2022; 8:214. [DOI: 10.1186/s40792-022-01566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
When a patient has multiple tumors in different organs, it is very important to identify whether the tumors are multiple cancers or metastasis from one tumor in order to establish an optimal treatment strategy. However, it is difficult to obtain an accurate diagnosis from conventional diagnostic strategies, including immunohistochemistry. We report two patients with multiple tumors in which a somatic mutation comparison using next-generation sequencing (NGS) was useful for the diagnosis of a metastatic tumor.
Case presentations
Patient 1: A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with gastric and lung cancer. After radical chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer, gastrectomy was planned for gastric cancer. At gastrectomy, the patient underwent a multiple omics analysis for “Project HOPE”. The gene mutational signature of the gastric tumor showed signature 4 of COSMIC mutational signature version 2, which was associated with smoking and has not been found in gastric cancer. To confirm that the gastric tumor was metastasis from lung cancer, we conducted a somatic mutation comparison of the two tumors with 409-gene panel sequencing, which revealed that 28 of 97 mutations in the lung tumor completely matched those of the gastric tumor. Based on these findings, the gastric tumor was diagnosed as metastasis from lung cancer. Patient 2: A 47-year-old woman underwent distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A colon tumor was detected 6 years after gastrectomy. The colon lesion was a submucosal tumor-like elevated tumor, and was suspected to be metastasis from gastric cancer. The patient underwent sigmoidectomy, and participated in “Project HOPE”. The possibility of primary colon cancer could not be ruled out, and we conducted a somatic mutation comparison of the two tumors as we did with Patient 1. Panel sequencing revealed 11 mutations in the gastric tumors, 4 of which completely matched those of the colon tumor. The colon tumor was diagnosed as metastasis from gastric cancer.
Conclusion
We reported two patients with multiple tumors in which a somatic mutation comparison using NGS was useful for the diagnosis of a metastatic tumor.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gene Regulatory Network Characterization of Gastric Cancer's Histological Subtypes: Distinctive Biological and Clinically Relevant Master Regulators. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194961. [PMID: 36230884 PMCID: PMC9563962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) molecular heterogeneity represents a major determinant for clinical outcomes, and although new molecular classifications have been introduced, they are not easy to translate from bench to bedside. We explored the data from GC public databases by performing differential gene expression analysis (DEGs) and gene network reconstruction to identify master regulators (MRs), as well as a gene set analysis (GSA) to reveal their biological features. Moreover, we evaluated the association of MRs with clinicopathological parameters. According to the GSA, the Diffuse group was characterized by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory response, while the Intestinal group was associated with a cell cycle and drug resistance pathways. In particular, the regulons of Diffuse MRs, such as Vgll3 and Ciita, overlapped with the EMT and interferon-gamma response, while the regulons Top2a and Foxm1 were shared with the cell cycle pathways in the Intestinal group. We also found a strict association between MR activity and several clinicopathological features, such as survival. Our approach led to the identification of genes and pathways differentially regulated in the Intestinal and Diffuse GC histotypes, highlighting biologically interesting MRs and subnetworks associated with clinical features and prognosis, suggesting putative actionable candidates.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rengan AK, Denlinger CS. Robust Response to Futibatinib in a Patient With Metastatic FGFR-Addicted Cholangiocarcinoma Previously Treated Using Pemigatinib. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2022; 20:430-435. [PMID: 35378504 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.7121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Futibatinib is a novel FGFR inhibitor currently under investigation as a second-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 gene fusions and rearrangements. As FGFR-targeted therapies move into the frontline setting, sequencing of these drugs remains undetermined. To date, no study has investigated the use of futibatinib in the context of pemigatinib resistance. We describe a 50-year-old woman with metastatic FGFR-aberrant intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who showed a robust response to futibatinib for 23.6 months, having previously benefited from pemigatinib. Futibatinib was safely used despite her history of decompensated cirrhosis and significant cytopenias. We observed a reduction in CA 19-9 level and a partial radiographic response on futibatinib. Serial next-generation sequencing and cell-free DNA testing proved crucial to making appropriate treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Rengan
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, and
| | - Crystal S Denlinger
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, and.,2National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Röcken C, Amallraja A, Halske C, Opasic L, Traulsen A, Behrens HM, Krüger S, Liu A, Haag J, Egberts JH, Rosenstiel P, Meißner T. Multiscale heterogeneity in gastric adenocarcinoma evolution is an obstacle to precision medicine. Genome Med 2021; 13:177. [PMID: 34749812 PMCID: PMC8576943 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a somatic evolutionary disease and adenocarcinomas of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction (GC) may serve as a two-dimensional model of cancer expansion, in which tumor subclones are not evenly mixed during tumor progression but rather spatially separated and diversified. We hypothesize that precision medicine efforts are compromised when clinical decisions are based on a single-sample analysis, which ignores the mechanisms of cancer evolution and resulting intratumoral heterogeneity. Using multiregional whole-exome sequencing, we investigated the effect of somatic evolution on intratumoral heterogeneity aiming to shed light on the evolutionary biology of GC. METHODS The study comprised a prospective discovery cohort of 9 and a validation cohort of 463 GCs. Multiregional whole-exome sequencing was performed using samples form 45 primary tumors and 3 lymph node metastases (range 3-10 tumor samples/patient) of the discovery cohort. RESULTS In total, the discovery cohort harbored 16,537 non-synonymous mutations. Intratumoral heterogeneity of somatic mutations and copy number variants were present in all tumors of the discovery cohort. Of the non-synonymous mutations, 53-91% were not present in each patient's sample; 399 genes harbored 2-4 different non-synonymous mutations in the same patient; 175 genes showed copy number variations, the majority being heterogeneous, including CD274 (PD-L1). Multi-sample tree-based analyses provided evidence for branched evolution being most complex in a microsatellite instable GC. The analysis of the mode of evolution showed a high degree of heterogeneity in deviation from neutrality within each tumor. We found evidence of parallel evolution and evolutionary trajectories: different mutations of SMAD4 aligned with different subclones and were found only in TP53 mutant GCs. CONCLUSIONS Neutral and non-neutral somatic evolution shape the mutational landscape in GC along its lateral expansions. It leads to complex spatial intratumoral heterogeneity, where lymph node metastases may stem from different areas of the primary tumor, synchronously. Our findings may have profound effects on future patient management. They illustrate the risk of mis-interpreting tumor genetics based on single-sample analysis and open new avenues for an evolutionary classification of GC, i.e., the discovery of distinct evolutionary trajectories which can be utilized for precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Anu Amallraja
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, USA
| | - Christine Halske
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luka Opasic
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Arne Traulsen
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Behrens
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Liu
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Haag
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Egberts
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Meißner
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sundar R, Liu DHW, Hutchins GGA, Slaney HL, Silva ANS, Oosting J, Hayden JD, Hewitt LC, Ng CCY, Mangalvedhekar A, Ng SB, Tan IBH, Tan P, Grabsch HI. Spatial profiling of gastric cancer patient-matched primary and locoregional metastases reveals principles of tumour dissemination. Gut 2021; 70:1823-1832. [PMID: 33229445 PMCID: PMC8458060 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoscopic mucosal biopsies of primary gastric cancers (GCs) are used to guide diagnosis, biomarker testing and treatment. Spatial intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH) may influence biopsy-derived information. We aimed to study ITH of primary GCs and matched lymph node metastasis (LNmet). DESIGN GC resection samples were annotated to identify primary tumour superficial (PTsup), primary tumour deep (PTdeep) and LNmet subregions. For each subregion, we determined (1) transcriptomic profiles (NanoString 'PanCancer Progression Panel', 770 genes); (2) next-generation sequencing (NGS, 225 gastrointestinal cancer-related genes); (3) DNA copy number profiles by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA, 16 genes); and (4) histomorphological phenotypes. RESULTS NanoString profiling of 64 GCs revealed no differences between PTsup1 and PTsup2, while 43% of genes were differentially expressed between PTsup versus PTdeep and 38% in PTsup versus LNmet. Only 16% of genes were differently expressed between PTdeep and LNmet. Several genes with therapeutic potential (eg IGF1, PIK3CD and TGFB1) were overexpressed in LNmet and PTdeep compared with PTsup. NGS data revealed orthogonal support of NanoString results with 40% mutations present in PTdeep and/or LNmet, but not in PTsup. Conversely, only 6% of mutations were present in PTsup and were absent in PTdeep and LNmet. MLPA demonstrated significant ITH between subregions and progressive genomic changes from PTsup to PTdeep/LNmet. CONCLUSION In GC, regional lymph node metastases are likely to originate from deeper subregions of the primary tumour. Future clinical trials of novel targeted therapies must consider assessment of deeper subregions of the primary tumour and/or metastases as several therapeutically relevant genes are only mutated, overexpressed or amplified in these regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Sundar
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Drolaiz HW Liu
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gordon GA Hutchins
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Hayley L Slaney
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Arnaldo NS Silva
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrookes, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy D Hayden
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Lindsay C Hewitt
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cedric CY Ng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Department of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sarah B Ng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Iain BH Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore,Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore .,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heike I Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands .,Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Upper gastroesophageal carcinomas consist of cancers arising from the esophagus and stomach. Squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas are seen in the esophagus and despite arising from the same organ have different biology. Gastric adenocarcinomas are categorized into 4 molecular subtypes: high Epstein-Barr virus load, microsatellite unstable cancers, chromosomal unstable (CIN) cancers, and genomically stable cancers. Genomically stable gastric cancers correlate highly with histologically defined diffuse-type cancers. Esophageal carcinomas and CIN gastric cancers often are driven by high-level amplifications of oncogenes and contain a high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity. Targeted therapeutics is an active area of research for gastroesophageal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Stachler
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSW450B, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Ramon U Jin
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Suite 7B, MS: BCM904, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Duan Q, Tang C, Ma Z, Chen C, Shang X, Yue J, Jiang H, Gao Y, Xu B. Genomic Heterogeneity and Clonal Evolution in Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer Revealed by Single Cell DNA Sequencing. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672020. [PMID: 34046362 PMCID: PMC8144650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer is a tumor that occurs at the junction of stomach and esophagus anatomically. GEJ cancer frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes, however the heterogeneity and clonal evolution process are unclear. This study is the first of this kind to use single cell DNA sequencing to determine genomic variations and clonal evolution related to lymph node metastasis. Multiple Annealing and Looping Based Amplification Cycles (MALBAC) and bulk exome sequencing were performed to detect single cell copy number variations (CNVs) and single nucleotide variations (SNVs) respectively. Four GEJ cancer patients were enrolled with two (Pt.3, Pt.4) having metastatic lymph nodes. The most common mutation we found happened in the TTN gene, which was reported to be related with the tumor mutation burden in cancers. Significant intra-patient heterogeneity in SNVs and CNVs were found. We identified the SNV subclonal architecture in each tumor. To study the heterogeneity of CNVs, the single cells were sequenced. The number of subclones in the primary tumor was larger than that in lymph nodes, indicating the heterogeneity of primary site was higher. We observed two patterns of multi-station lymph node metastasis: one was skip metastasis and the other was to follow the lymphatic drainage. Taken together, our single cell genomic analysis has revealed the heterogeneity and clonal evolution in GEJ cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingke Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuangui Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobin Shang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjing Jiang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Center for Intelligent Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ren C, Wu C, Wang N, Lian C, Yang C. Clonal Architectures Predict Clinical Outcome in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Based on Genomic Variation, Tumor Evolution, and Heterogeneity. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689721989606. [PMID: 33900127 PMCID: PMC8085378 DOI: 10.1177/0963689721989606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Due to the lack of effective molecular markers and personalized treatment, the prognosis of gastric cancer patients is still very poor. The ABSOLUTE algorithm and cancer cell fraction were used to evaluate the clonal and subclonal status of 349 TCGA (The Cancer Genome Cancer Atlas)-STAD patients. Non-negative matrix factorization was used to identify the mutation characteristics of the samples. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between clonal/subclonal events and prognosis, and the Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the relationship of clonal/subclonal events to tumor mutation burden (TMB) and neoantigens. The evolution pattern of STAD demonstrated great tumor heterogeneity. TP53, USH2A, and GLI3 appeared earliest in STAD and may drive STAD. CTNNB1, LRP1B, and ERBB4 appeared the latest in STAD, and may be related to STAD’s progress. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified four early genes, eight intermediate genes, and seven late genes significantly associated with overall survival. The number of subclonal events in the T stage was significantly different. The N stage, gender, and histological type were significantly different for clonal events, and there was a significant correlation between clonal/subclonal events and TMB/neoantigens. Our results highlight the importance of systematic evaluation of evolutionary models in the clinical management of STAD and personalized gastric cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Ren
- Central Laboratory, 74652Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, 74652Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Niuniu Wang
- Central Laboratory, 74652Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Changhong Lian
- Department of General Surgery, 117875Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 117875Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hirotsu Y, Hada M, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Multi-regional sequencing reveals clonal and polyclonal seeding from primary tumor to metastases in advanced gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:553-564. [PMID: 31912238 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastases to lymph nodes and distant organs are associated with worse prognosis in gastric cancer. However, little is known about the genetic profiles, subclonal architecture, and evolutional processes across primary tumors and metastases. METHODS We analyzed the genetic alterations of 106 multiregional samples including primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and visceral metastases from 10 patients with advanced gastric cancer. Histologically different portions were obtained by laser-capture microdissection. We reconstructed the subclonal architectures and inferred the primary to lymph or visceral metastatic seeding patterns. RESULTS The different histological portions in primary tumors had common mutations, suggesting common ancestral tumor origins transformed into distinct histological types. In almost all cases, TP53 mutations were identified as clonal mutations across primary tumors and metastases. Subclonal reconstruction and phylogenetic analysis showed primary tumors were classified into monoclonal or polyclonal tumors. All monoclonal primary tumors disseminated as metastases with the same tumor composition (100%, 26/26 samples). In contrast, polyclonal primary tumors mainly spread as metastases by way of polyclonal seeding (84%: 37/44 samples). CONCLUSIONS Clonal mutations were maintained at both the primary and metastatic sites and genetic divergence of these was low. These findings shed light on the genetic basis of primary tumor dissemination and metastatic processes in advanced gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Masao Hada
- Department of Surgery, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| |
Collapse
|