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Vargas-González A, Barajas M, Pérez-Sánchez T. Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from Salmonids for Potential Use as Probiotics: In Vitro Assays and Toxicity Assessment of Salmo trutta Embryonated Eggs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:200. [PMID: 38254369 PMCID: PMC10812622 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from freshwater salmonids as prospective probiotics for application in aquaculture. LAB and pathogenic bacteria were obtained from mucus and tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta from fish farms in northeast Spain that had not used antibiotics for the six months preceding the study. Isolates were identified using Gram staining and sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS-1. To assess the safety of the LAB, antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs) against 23 antimicrobials were performed. In vitro antagonism assays were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of living LAB using the agar diffusion test method and their metabolites using the agar well diffusion method. The assays targeted six specific pathogens: Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Vagococcus salmoninarum, Yersinia ruckeri, Lactococcus garvieae, and the marine pathogen Vibrio jasicida. Additionally, a toxicity assay was conducted on embryonic eggs of S. trutta. The ASTs on probiotic LAB candidates revealed varied responses to antimicrobials, but no resistance to oxytetracycline or florfenicol, which are two antibiotics commonly used in aquaculture, was detected. The in vitro assays indicate that LAB exhibit antagonistic effects against pathogens, primarily when directly stimulated by their presence. In applications involving embryonic eggs or larvae, certain live strains of LAB were found to have adverse effects, with some isolates resulting in higher mortality rates compared to the control group or other isolates. Furthermore, the potential pathogenicity of certain LAB strains, typically considered safe in salmonids, warrants deeper investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Vargas-González
- Biochemistry Area, Health Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Miguel Barajas
- Biochemistry Area, Health Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
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Design of Lactococcus lactis Strains Producing Garvicin A and/or Garvicin Q, Either Alone or Together with Nisin A or Nisin Z and High Antimicrobial Activity against Lactococcus garvieae. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051063. [PMID: 36900581 PMCID: PMC10000435 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is a main ichthyopathogen in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) farming, although bacteriocinogenic L. garvieae with antimicrobial activity against virulent strains of this species have also been identified. Some of the bacteriocins characterized, such as garvicin A (GarA) and garvicin Q (GarQ), may show potential for the control of the virulent L. garvieae in food, feed and other biotechnological applications. In this study, we report on the design of Lactococcus lactis strains that produce the bacteriocins GarA and/or GarQ, either alone or together with nisin A (NisA) or nisin Z (NisZ). Synthetic genes encoding the signal peptide of the lactococcal protein Usp45 (SPusp45), fused to mature GarA (lgnA) and/or mature GarQ (garQ) and their associated immunity genes (lgnI and garI, respectively), were cloned into the protein expression vectors pMG36c, which contains the P32 constitutive promoter, and pNZ8048c, which contains the inducible PnisA promoter. The transformation of recombinant vectors into lactococcal cells allowed for the production of GarA and/or GarQ by L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 and their co-production with NisA by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis DPC5598 and L. lactis subsp. lactis BB24. The strains L. lactis subsp. cremoris WA2-67 (pJFQI), a producer of GarQ and NisZ, and L. lactis subsp. cremoris WA2-67 (pJFQIAI), a producer of GarA, GarQ and NisZ, demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity (5.1- to 10.7-fold and 17.3- to 68.2-fold, respectively) against virulent L. garvieae strains.
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Contente D, Díaz-Rosales P, Feito J, Díaz-Formoso L, Docando F, Simón R, Borrero J, Hernández PE, Poeta P, Muñoz-Atienza E, Cintas LM, Tafalla C. Immunomodulatory effects of bacteriocinogenic and non-bacteriocinogenic Lactococcus cremoris of aquatic origin on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178462. [PMID: 37153602 PMCID: PMC10159052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a group of bacteria frequently proposed as probiotics in aquaculture, as their administration has shown to confer positive effects on the growth, survival rate to pathogens and immunological status of the fish. In this respect, the production of antimicrobial peptides (referred to as bacteriocins) by LAB is a common trait thoroughly documented, being regarded as a key probiotic antimicrobial strategy. Although some studies have pointed to the direct immunomodulatory effects of these bacteriocins in mammals, this has been largely unexplored in fish. To this aim, in the current study, we have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of bacteriocins, by comparing the effects of a wild type nisin Z-expressing Lactococcus cremoris strain of aquatic origin to those exerted by a non-bacteriocinogenic isogenic mutant and a recombinant nisin Z, garvicin A and Q-producer multi-bacteriocinogenic strain. The transcriptional response elicited by the different strains in the rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell line (RTgutGC) and in splenic leukocytes showed significant differences. Yet the adherence capacity to RTgutGC was similar for all strains. In splenocyte cultures, we also determined the effects of the different strains on the proliferation and survival of IgM+ B cells. Finally, while the different LAB elicited respiratory burst activity similarly, the bacteriocinogenic strains showed an increased ability to induce the production of nitric oxide (NO). The results obtained reveal a superior capacity of the bacteriocinogenic strains to modulate different immune functions, pointing to a direct immunomodulatory role of the bacteriocins, mainly nisin Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Contente
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health and Research Center (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Feito
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Díaz-Formoso
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Docando
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health and Research Center (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Simón
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health and Research Center (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Borrero
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo E. Hernández
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Cintas
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health and Research Center (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carolina Tafalla,
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Murugan R, Guru A, Haridevamuthu B, Sudhakaran G, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Lantibiotics: an antimicrobial asset in combating aquaculture diseases. AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 30:2365-2387. [DOI: 10.1007/s10499-022-00908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Marimuthu V, Shanmugam S, Sarawagi AD, Kumar A, Kim IH, Balasubramanian B. A glimpse on influences of feed additives in aquaculture. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abhay Kumar
- Prajakt Chemical, GIDC, Sachin Surat Gujarat India
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resources and Science Dankook University Cheonan South Korea
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Feito J, Contente D, Ponce-Alonso M, Díaz-Formoso L, Araújo C, Peña N, Borrero J, Gómez-Sala B, del Campo R, Muñoz-Atienza E, Hernández PE, Cintas LM. Draft Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis Subsp. cremoris WA2-67: A Promising Nisin-Producing Probiotic Strain Isolated from the Rearing Environment of a Spanish Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) Farm. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030521. [PMID: 35336097 PMCID: PMC8954438 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are a viable alternative to traditional chemotherapy agents to control infectious diseases in aquaculture. In this regard, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris WA2-67 has previously demonstrated several probiotic features, such as a strong antimicrobial activity against ichthyopathogens, survival in freshwater, resistance to fish bile and low pH, and hydrophobicity. The aim of this manuscript is an in silico analysis of the whole-genome sequence (WGS) of this strain to gain deeper insights into its probiotic properties and their genetic basis. Genomic DNA was purified, and libraries prepared for Illumina sequencing. After trimming and assembly, resulting contigs were subjected to bioinformatic analyses. The draft genome of L. cremoris WA2-67 consists of 30 contigs (2,573,139 bp), and a total number of 2493 coding DNA sequences (CDSs). Via in silico analysis, the bacteriocinogenic genetic clusters encoding the lantibiotic nisin Z (NisZ) and two new bacteriocins were identified, in addition to several probiotic traits, such as the production of vitamins, amino acids, adhesion/aggregation, and stress resistance factors, as well as the absence of transferable antibiotic resistance determinants and genes encoding detrimental enzymatic activities and virulence factors. These results unveil diverse beneficial properties that support the use of L. cremoris WA2-67 as a probiotic for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Feito
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda, Puerta de Hierro, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (C.A.); (N.P.); (J.B.); (P.E.H.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Diogo Contente
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda, Puerta de Hierro, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (C.A.); (N.P.); (J.B.); (P.E.H.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Manuel Ponce-Alonso
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9, 100., 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-A.); (R.d.C.)
| | - Lara Díaz-Formoso
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda, Puerta de Hierro, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (C.A.); (N.P.); (J.B.); (P.E.H.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Carlos Araújo
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda, Puerta de Hierro, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (C.A.); (N.P.); (J.B.); (P.E.H.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Nuria Peña
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda, Puerta de Hierro, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (C.A.); (N.P.); (J.B.); (P.E.H.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Juan Borrero
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda, Puerta de Hierro, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (C.A.); (N.P.); (J.B.); (P.E.H.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Sala
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9, 100., 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-A.); (R.d.C.)
| | - Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda, Puerta de Hierro, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (C.A.); (N.P.); (J.B.); (P.E.H.); (L.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pablo E. Hernández
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda, Puerta de Hierro, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (C.A.); (N.P.); (J.B.); (P.E.H.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Luis M. Cintas
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda, Puerta de Hierro, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (C.A.); (N.P.); (J.B.); (P.E.H.); (L.M.C.)
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Cano-Lozano JA, Villamil Diaz LM, Melo Bolivar JF, Hume ME, Ruiz Pardo RY. Probiotics in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture: Potential probiotic Lactococcus lactis culture conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:187-194. [PMID: 34920949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tilapia is one of the most extensively farmed fish on a global scale. Lately, many studies have been carried out to select and produce probiotics for cultured fish. Bacteria from the genera Bacillus, Lactiplantibacillus (synonym: Lactobacillus), and Lactococcus are the most widely studied with respect to their probiotic potential. Among these microorganisms, Lactococcus lactis has outstanding prospects as a probiotic because it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and has previously been shown to exert its probiotic potential in aquaculture through different mechanisms, such as competitively excluding pathogenic bacteria, increasing food nutritional value, and enhancing the host immune response against pathogenic microorganisms. However, it is not sufficient to simply select a microorganism with significant probiotic potential for commercial probiotic development. There are additional challenges related to strategies involving the mass production of bacterial cultures, including the selection of production variables that positively influence microorganism metabolism. Over the last ten years, L. lactis production in batch and fed-batch processes has been studied to evaluate the effects of culture temperature and pH on bacterial growth. However, to gain a deeper understanding of the production processes, the effect of hydrodynamic stress on cells in bioreactor production and its influence on the probiotic potential post-manufacturing also need to be determined. This review explores the trends in tilapia culture, the probiotic mechanisms employed by L. lactis in aquaculture, and the essential parameters for the optimal scale-up of this probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Andrés Cano-Lozano
- School of Engineering, Maestría en diseño y gestión de procesos, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Colombia.
| | - Luisa Marcela Villamil Diaz
- School of Engineering, Doctoral program in Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Colombia; Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Javier Fernando Melo Bolivar
- School of Engineering, Doctoral program in Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Colombia; Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Michael E Hume
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - Ruth Yolanda Ruiz Pardo
- School of Engineering, Maestría en diseño y gestión de procesos, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Colombia; Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
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Bacteriocins from Lactic Acid Bacteria. A Powerful Alternative as Antimicrobials, Probiotics, and Immunomodulators in Veterinary Medicine. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040979. [PMID: 33915717 PMCID: PMC8067144 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for an alternative treatment to reduce antimicrobial resistance, bacteriocins shine a light on reducing this problem in public and animal health. Bacteriocins are peptides synthesized by bacteria that can inhibit the growth of other bacteria and fungi, parasites, and viruses. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of bacteria that produce bacteriocins; their mechanism of action can replace antibiotics and prevent bacterial resistance. In veterinary medicine, LAB and bacteriocins have been used as antimicrobials and probiotics. However, another critical role of bacteriocins is their immunomodulatory effect. This review shows the advances in applying bacteriocins in animal production and veterinary medicine, highlighting their biological roles.
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Adeshina I, Abubakar MIO, Ajala BE. Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus enhanced the growth, gut morphometry, antioxidant capacity, and the immune response in juveniles of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1375-1385. [PMID: 32232615 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus-fortified diets on growth performance, antioxidant profiles, and immunity-related gene expressions of common carp, Cyprinus carpio juveniles. Four isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 102, 104, or 106 cfu/mL/kg L. acidophilus were fed to 240 Cyprinus carpio juveniles (mean = 21.34 ± 1.85 g), allotted to 12 rectangular tanks in a completely randomized designed at 3% body weight for 56 days. Growth performance and nutrient utilization were evaluated using standard procedures. Intestinal villi were measured, antioxidant profiles were evaluated from blood sera, and immunity-related gene expressions were evaluated. The results revealed that fish fed dietary 106 had significantly higher weight gain, SGR, feed intake, and lower FCR. Also, villi length, width, and areas of absorption were significantly improved in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, innate immune profiles, superoxide dismutase, catalase, respiratory bust activity as well as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were significantly stimulated. This study evoked that Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation enhanced better growth performance, improved antioxidant profiles, and modulated expression of immune-related genes of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, than the fish fed control diet. Results show that fish fed fortified diets had better growth performance, improved antioxidant profiles, and modulated expression of immune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | | | - Bunmi Elizabeth Ajala
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Reda RM, Selim KM, El-Sayed HM, El-Hady MA. In Vitro Selection and Identification of Potential Probiotics Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:692-703. [PMID: 28819794 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fish gut bacteria can be used as probiotics for aquaculture. The aim of this study is to screen and identify beneficial probiotic bacteria from the gut of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Nine out of one hundred thirty-five isolates were non-pathogenic through intraperitoneal injection and had antibacterial activities with at least a strain from the five isolated fish pathogens, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, and Staphylococcus aureus. Further tests showed that such isolates can survive in the presence of high bile concentration (10%) and at different acidic pH values. A strains (14HT) was sensitive to all selected antibiotics, two strains were (9HT and 11HT) resistant to streptomycin and three strains (9HT, 11HT and 38HT) had resistance to two antibiotics. Four isolates (11HT, 33HT, 38HT and 41HT) had an amylase and a protease activities and one strain (47HT) showed only amylase activity. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the isolated strains were identified as follows: Lactococcus lactis (8HT, 9HT, 11HT and 33HT); Enterococcus faecalis (14HT), Lysinibacillus sp. (38HT) and Citrobacter freundii (39HT, 41HT and 47HT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Reda
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharqia, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Selim
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharqia, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Hassanin M El-Sayed
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharqia, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - M A El-Hady
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharqia, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Baños A, Ariza JJ, Nuñez C, Gil-Martínez L, García-López JD, Martínez-Bueno M, Valdivia E. Effects of Enterococcus faecalis UGRA10 and the enterocin AS-48 against the fish pathogen Lactococcus garvieae. Studies in vitro and in vivo. Food Microbiol 2018; 77:69-77. [PMID: 30297058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Enterococcus faecalis UGRA10 and its enterocin AS-48 against the fish pathogen Lactococcus garvieae. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of AS-48 against L. garvieae CECT 5807, 5806, and 5274 were 15.62, 15.62, and 7.81 μg/ml respectively. In broth cultures, enterocin at 100, 50, and 25 μg/ml reduced 108 CFU/ml lactococci after 2, 5, and 10 h, respectively. In co-cultures of UGRA10/L. garvieae at a 1/10 CFU/ml ratio, lactococci were eliminated after 24 h. Studies on UGRA10 biosafety and AS-48 toxicity in R1 cells and in rainbow trout have shown a lack of adverse effects from both the strain and bacteriocin. Trout challenged with L. garvieae and UGRA10 administered in diet 30 days before infection had a cumulative survival rate of 50% compared with 0% for control fish. Trout inoculated with the pathogen and treated by regular dipping in AS-48 baths had a survival rate of 60% after 20 days compared with that of untreated fish (0%). These results indicate the protective effect of the UGRA10 strain and the bacteriocin AS-48 against L. garvieae and the potential of these natural products as alternatives to antibiotics for controlling diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baños
- Department of Microbiology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan José Ariza
- Department of Microbiology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuñez
- Department of Microbiology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620, Granada, Spain
| | - Lidia Gil-Martínez
- Department of Microbiology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620, Granada, Spain
| | - J David García-López
- Department of Microbiology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 19071, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 19071, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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12
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Pérez-Sánchez T, Mora-Sánchez B, Balcázar JL. Biological Approaches for Disease Control in Aquaculture: Advantages, Limitations and Challenges. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:896-903. [PMID: 29801773 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although aquaculture activity has experienced a great development over the past three decades, infectious diseases have become a limiting factor for further intensification. Because the use of antibiotics has led to the widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance, the search for alternative environmentally friendly approaches is urgently needed. This Opinion paper offers an update on the successes and challenges of biological approaches for bacterial disease prevention and control in aquaculture. Although most of these approaches are still in research and development stages, some of them have shown promising results in field trials. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of these approaches will help to maximise their beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pérez-Sánchez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Brenda Mora-Sánchez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Animal Health, Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, Carretera a la Ceiba 1 Km al Este, León, Nicaragua
| | - José Luis Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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Quintana G, Niederle MV, Minahk CJ, Picariello G, Nader-Macías MEF, Pasteris SE. Nisin Z produced by Lactococcus lactis from bullfrog hatchery is active against Citrobacter freundii, a red-leg syndrome related pathogen. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:186. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Maisey K, Montero R, Christodoulides M. Vaccines for piscirickettsiosis (salmonid rickettsial septicaemia, SRS): the Chile perspective. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:215-228. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1244483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Maisey
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Comparativa, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ruth Montero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Comparativa, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
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15
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Araújo C, Muñoz-Atienza E, Poeta P, Igrejas G, Hernández PE, Herranz C, Cintas LM. Characterization of Pediococcus acidilactici strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed and larvae: safety, DNA fingerprinting, and bacteriocinogenicity. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 119:129-143. [PMID: 27137071 DOI: 10.3354/dao02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as probiotics constitutes an alternative or complementary strategy to chemotherapy and vaccination for disease control in aquaculture. The objectives of this work were (1) the in vitro safety assessment of 8 Pediococcus acidilactici strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) feed and larvae; (2) the evaluation of their genetic relatedness; (3) the study of their antimicrobial/bacteriocin activity against fish pathogens; and (4) the biochemical and genetic characterization of the bacteriocin produced by the strain displaying the greatest antimicrobial activity. Concerning the safety assessment, none of the pediococci showed antibiotic resistance nor produced hemolysin or gelatinase, degraded gastric mucin, or deconjugated bile salts. Four strains (50%) produced tyramine or putrescine, but the corresponding genes were not amplified by PCR. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) fingerprinting allowed clustering of the pediococci into 2 well-defined groups (68% similarity). From the 8 pediococci displaying direct antimicrobial activity against at least 3 out of 9 fish pathogens, 6 strains (75%) were identified as bacteriocin producers. The bacteriocin produced by P. acidilactici L-14 was purified, and mass spectrometry and DNA sequencing revealed its identity to pediocin PA-1 (PedPA-1). Altogether, our results allowed the identification of 4 (50%) putatively safe pediococci, including 2 bacteriocinogenic strains. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting was a valuable tool for genetic profiling of P. acidilactici strains. This work reports for the first time the characterization of a PedPA-1-producing P. acidilactici strain isolated from an aquatic environment (rainbow trout larvae), which shows interesting properties related to its potential use as a probiotic in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Araújo
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Safari R, Adel M, Lazado CC, Caipang CMA, Dadar M. Host-derived probiotics Enterococcus casseliflavus improves resistance against Streptococcus iniae infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) via immunomodulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 52:198-205. [PMID: 26997202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the benefits of dietary administration of host-derived candidate probiotics Enterococcus casseliflavus in juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Experimental diets were prepared by incorporating the microorganisms in the basal feed at 3 inclusion levels (i.e. 10(7) CFU g(-1) of feed [T1], 10(8) CFU g(-1) of feed [T2], 10(9) CFU g(-1) of feed [T3]). The probiotic feeds were administered for 8 weeks, with a group fed with the basal diet serving as control. The effects on growth performance, gut health, innate immunity and disease resistance were evaluated. Results showed that growth performance parameters were significantly improved in T2 and T3 groups. Activities of digestive enzymes such as trypsin and lipase were significantly higher in these two groups as well. Gut micro-ecology was influenced by probiotic feeding as shown by the significant increase in intestinal lactic acid bacteria and total viable aerobic counts in T2 and T3. Humoral immunity was impacted by dietary probiotics as total serum protein and albumin were significantly elevated in T3. The levels of serum IgM significantly increased in all probiotic fed groups at week 8; with the T3 group registering the highest increment. Respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes were significantly improved in T2 and T3. Hematological profiling further revealed that neutrophil counts significantly increased in all probiotic fed groups. Challenge test showed that probiotic feeding significantly improved host resistance to Streptococcus iniae infection, specifically in T2 and T3 where a considerable modulation of immune responses was observed. Taken together, this study demonstrated E. casseliflavus as a potential probiotics for rainbow trout with the capability of improving growth performance and enhancing disease resistance by immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Safari
- Department of Food Science, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
| | - Milad Adel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Carlo C Lazado
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, DK-9850, Hirtshals, Denmark.
| | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Center of Biotechnology and Biology Research, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
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