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Ono K, Keller J, López Ramírez O, González Garrido A, Zobeiri OA, Chang HHV, Vijayakumar S, Ayiotis A, Duester G, Della Santina CC, Jones SM, Cullen KE, Eatock RA, Wu DK. Retinoic acid degradation shapes zonal development of vestibular organs and sensitivity to transient linear accelerations. Nat Commun 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 31896743 PMCID: PMC6940366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Each vestibular sensory epithelium in the inner ear is divided morphologically and physiologically into two zones, called the striola and extrastriola in otolith organ maculae, and the central and peripheral zones in semicircular canal cristae. We found that formation of striolar/central zones during embryogenesis requires Cytochrome P450 26b1 (Cyp26b1)-mediated degradation of retinoic acid (RA). In Cyp26b1 conditional knockout mice, formation of striolar/central zones is compromised, such that they resemble extrastriolar/peripheral zones in multiple features. Mutants have deficient vestibular evoked potential (VsEP) responses to jerk stimuli, head tremor and deficits in balance beam tests that are consistent with abnormal vestibular input, but normal vestibulo-ocular reflexes and apparently normal motor performance during swimming. Thus, degradation of RA during embryogenesis is required for formation of highly specialized regions of the vestibular sensory epithelia with specific functions in detecting head motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ono
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James Keller
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Qiagen Sciences Inc., Germantown, MD, 20874, USA
| | - Omar López Ramírez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Omid A Zobeiri
- Department of Physiology McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | | | - Sarath Vijayakumar
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, 301 Barkley Memorial Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0738, USA
| | - Andrianna Ayiotis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gregg Duester
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Stanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institutes, Stanford, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Charles C Della Santina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sherri M Jones
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, 301 Barkley Memorial Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0738, USA
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ruth Anne Eatock
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Doris K Wu
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Tamás LT, Obrist D, Avan P, Büki B. Biasing the semicircular canal cupula in excitatory direction decreases the gain of the vestibuloocular reflex for head impulses. J Vestib Res 2020; 29:281-286. [DOI: 10.3233/ves-190681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László T. Tamás
- Department of Otolaryngology, Petz Aladár Teaching Hospital, Györ, Hungary
| | - Dominik Obrist
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Avan
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, Auvergne, France
| | - Béla Büki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Karl Landsteiner University Hospital Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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Khan SI, Della Santina CC, Migliaccio AA. Angular vestibuloocular reflex responses in Otop1 mice. II. Otolith sensor input improves compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:2300-2307. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00812.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the otoliths in mammals in the normal angular vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) was characterized in an accompanying study based on the Otopetrin1 (Otop1) mouse, which lacks functioning otoliths because of failure to develop otoconia but seems to have otherwise normal peripheral anatomy and neural circuitry. That study showed that otoliths do not contribute to the normal horizontal (rotation about Earth-vertical axis parallel to dorso-ventral axis) and vertical (rotation about Earth-vertical axis parallel to interaural axis) angular VOR but do affect gravity context-specific VOR adaptation. By using these animals, we sought to determine whether the otoliths play a role in the angular VOR after unilateral labyrinthectomy when the total canal signal is reduced. In five Otop1 mice and five control littermates we measured horizontal and vertical left-ear-down and right-ear-down sinusoidal VOR (0.2–10 Hz, 20–100°/s) during the early (3–5 days) and plateau (28–32 days) phases of compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy and compared these measurements with baseline preoperative responses from the accompanying study. From similar baselines, acute gain loss was ~25% less in control mice, and chronic gain recovery was ~40% more in control mice. The acute data suggest that the otoliths contribute to the angular VOR when there is a loss of canal function. The chronic data suggest that a unilateral otolith signal can significantly improve angular VOR compensation. These data have implications for vestibular rehabilitation of patients with both canal and otolith loss and the development of vestibular implants, which currently only mimic the canals on one side.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study examining the role of the otoliths (defined here as the utricle and saccule) on the acute and chronic angular vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) after unilateral labyrinthectomy in an animal model in which the otoliths are reliably inactivated and the semicircular canals preserved. This study shows that the otolith signal is used to augment the acute angular VOR and help boost VOR compensation after peripheral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serajul I. Khan
- Balance and Vision Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles C. Della Santina
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Americo A. Migliaccio
- Balance and Vision Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Khan SI, Della Santina CC, Migliaccio AA. Angular vestibuloocular reflex responses in Otop1 mice. I. Otolith sensor input is essential for gravity context-specific adaptation. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:2291-2299. [PMID: 30969887 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00811.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the otoliths in mammals in the angular vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) has been difficult to determine because there is no surgical technique that can reliably ablate them without damaging the semicircular canals. The Otopetrin1 (Otop1) mouse lacks functioning otoliths because of failure to develop otoconia but seems to have otherwise normal peripheral anatomy and neural circuitry. By using these animals we sought to determine the role of the otoliths in angular VOR baseline function and adaptation. In six Otop1 mice and six control littermates we measured baseline ocular countertilt about the three primary axes in head coordinates; baseline horizontal (rotation about an Earth-vertical axis parallel to the dorsal-ventral axis) and vertical (rotation about an Earth-vertical axis parallel to the interaural axis) sinusoidal (0.2-10 Hz, 20-100°/s) VOR gain (= eye/head velocity); and the horizontal and vertical VOR after gain-increase (1.5×) and gain-decrease (0.5×) adaptation training. Countertilt responses were significantly reduced in Otop1 mice. Baseline horizontal and vertical VOR gains were similar between mouse types, and so was horizontal VOR adaptation. For control mice, vertical VOR adaptation was evident when the testing context, left ear down (LED) or right ear down (RED), was the same as the training context (LED or RED). For Otop1 mice, VOR adaptation was evident regardless of context. Our results suggest that the otolith translational signal does not contribute to the baseline angular VOR, probably because the mouse VOR is highly compensatory, and does not alter the magnitude of adaptation. However, we show that the otoliths are important for gravity context-specific angular VOR adaptation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study examining the role of the otoliths (defined here as the utricle and saccule) in adaptation of the angular vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) in an animal model in which the otoliths are reliably inactivated and the semicircular canals preserved. We show that they do not contribute to adaptation of the normal angular VOR. However, the otoliths provide the main cue for gravity context-specific VOR adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serajul I Khan
- Balance and Vision Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Charles C Della Santina
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Americo A Migliaccio
- Balance and Vision Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
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