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Tsirelis D, Tsekouras A, Stamati P, Liampas I, Zoupa E, Dastamani M, Tsouris Z, Papadimitriou A, Dardiotis E, Siokas V. The impact of genetic factors on the response to migraine therapy. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:789-812. [PMID: 38856190 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Migraine is a multidimensional disease affecting a large portion of the human population presenting with a variety of symptoms. In the era of personalized medicine, successful migraine treatment presents a challenge, as several studies have shown the impact of a patient's genetic profile on therapy response. However, with the emergence of contemporary treatment options, there is promise for improved outcomes. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, in order to obtain studies investigating the impact of genetic factors on migraine therapy outcome. Overall, 23 studies were included in the current review, exhibiting diversity in the treatments used and the genetic variants investigated. Divergent genes were assessed for each category of migraine treatment. Several genetic factors were identified to contribute to the heterogeneous response to treatment. SNPs related to pharmacodynamic receptors, pharmacogenetics and migraine susceptibility loci were the most investigated variants, revealing some interesting significant results. To date, various associations have been recorded correlating the impact of genetic factors on migraine treatment responses. More extensive research needs to take place with the aim of shedding light on the labyrinthine effects of genetic variations on migraine treatment, and, consequently, these findings can promptly affect migraine treatment and improve migraine patients' life quality in the vision of precise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Tsirelis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandros Tsekouras
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Stamati
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Elli Zoupa
- Larisa Day Care Center of People with Alzheimer's Disease, Association for Regional Development and Mental Health (EPAPSY), 15124 Marousi, Greece
| | - Metaxia Dastamani
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zisis Tsouris
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece
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An YC, Hung KS, Liang CS, Tsai CK, Tsai CL, Chen SJ, Lin YK, Lin GY, Yeh PK, Yang FC. Genetic variants associated with response to anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody therapy in a chronic migraine Han Chinese population. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:149. [PMID: 39266962 PMCID: PMC11391721 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies have emerged as promising therapeutic options for the treatment of chronic migraine. However, treatment response varies considerably among individuals, suggesting a potential role for genetic factors. This study aimed to identify genetic variants affecting the efficacy of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody therapy in chronic migraine among the Han Chinese population in Taiwan to enhance treatment precision and to understand the genetic architecture of migraine. METHODS We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) association study in patients with chronic migraines from a tertiary medical center in Taiwan using the Taiwan Precision Medicine Array Chip. The patients received fremanezumab or galcanezumab for at least 12 weeks. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on the improvement rate in monthly migraine days. Genetic variants were identified, and their associations with treatment efficacy were examined through quantitative trait loci analysis, linkage disequilibrium studies, and functional annotations using the Gene Ontology database. RESULTS Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relative variants were significantly associated with anti-CGRP therapy response (p < 1 × 10- 7): rs116870564, rs75244870, rs56216870, rs12938101, rs74655790, and rs149540851. These variants are located in or near genes, including LRRC4C, ATAD2B, and OXR1, which are involved in neuronal development, DNA-dependent ATPase activity, and oxidation-reduction processes, respectively. The rs116870564 variant in LRRC4C showed the strongest association (β = -0.551, p = 6.65 × 10- 9). The functional impact of these variants is attributed to their regulatory effects on gene expression, which are influenced by intron splicing regulation, transcription factors, and changes in chromatin structure. CONCLUSION The identification of key genetic markers associated with response to anti-CGRP therapy emphasizes the importance of genetic variability in treatment efficacy. This could lead to more personalized chronic migraine management strategies and tailored therapeutic approaches based on individual genetic profiles. Further research in larger, diverse populations is warranted to validate these findings and refine our understanding of the role of CGRP in chronic migraine pathophysiology. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chin An
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Sheng Hung
- Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Liang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Lin
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Songshan Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kuan Yeh
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chi Yang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yeh PK, An YC, Hung KS, Yang FC. Influences of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Chronic Migraine: A Narrative Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:169-180. [PMID: 38363449 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this narrative review, we aim to summarize recent insights into the complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors affecting the etiology, development, and progression of chronic migraine (CM). RECENT FINDINGS Environmental factors such as stress, sleep dysfunction, fasting, hormonal changes, weather patterns, dietary compounds, and sensory stimuli are critical triggers that can contribute to the evolution of episodic migraine into CM. These triggers are particularly influential in genetically predisposed individuals. Concurrently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed over 100 genetic loci linked to migraine, emphasizing a significant genetic basis for migraine susceptibility. In CM, environmental and genetic factors are of equal importance and contribute to the pathophysiology of the condition. Understanding the bidirectional interactions between these elements is crucial for advancing therapeutic approaches and preventive strategies. This balanced perspective encourages continued research into the complex gene-environment nexus to improve our understanding and management of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kuan Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, No. 325, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Beitou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin An
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Sheng Hung
- Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, No. 325, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rubino E, Marcinnò A, Grassini A, Piella EM, Ferrandes F, Roveta F, Boschi S, Cermelli A, Gallone S, Savi L, Rainero I. Polymorphisms of the Proinflammatory Cytokine Genes Modulate the Response to NSAIDs but Not to Triptans in Migraine Attacks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010657. [PMID: 36614097 PMCID: PMC9820603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a common neurovascular disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache and associated neurological symptoms. At present, a significant portion of patients do not obtain a satisfactory response to acute pain-relieving therapies, including NSAIDs and triptans. In this context, pharmacogenetics plays a key role in the understanding of such a diverse response. In order to investigate whether functional polymorphisms in proinflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RN; IL-6 and TNF-α) may influence the response to acute treatment, 313 consecutive patients with episodic migraine without aura were enrolled. Pain relief by administration of NSAIDs or triptans for three consecutive migraine attacks was evaluated. We found a significant association between A allele of the TNF-α promoter (−308 A/G) and a lack of efficacy after NSAID administration (p < 0.01, OR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.33 < OR < 4.75 compared to the G allele). Remaining polymorphisms had no significant effect on pain relief. Our study showed that a functional polymorphism in the TNF-α gene significantly modulates the clinical response to NSAID administration in acute attacks. Patients with higher production of the active cytokine during stress showed a significantly lower anti-migraine effect. Our results further support a role for TNF-α in the pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Marcinnò
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Grassini
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Maria Piella
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrandes
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fausto Roveta
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Boschi
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Aurora Cermelli
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gallone
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Lidia Savi
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Belyaeva II, Subbotina AG, Eremenko II, Tarasov VV, Chubarev VN, Schiöth HB, Mwinyi J. Pharmacogenetics in Primary Headache Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:820214. [PMID: 35222013 PMCID: PMC8866828 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.820214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary headache disorders, such as migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and cluster headache, belong to the most common neurological disorders affecting a high percentage of people worldwide. Headache induces a high burden for the affected individuals on the personal level, with a strong impact on life quality, daily life management, and causes immense costs for the healthcare systems. Although a relatively broad spectrum of different pharmacological classes for the treatment of headache disorders are available, treatment effectiveness is often limited by high variances in therapy responses. Genetic variants can influence the individual treatment success by influencing pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the therapeutic as investigated in the research field of pharmacogenetics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on important primary headache disorders, including migraine, TTH, and cluster headache. We also summarize current acute and preventive treatment options for the three headache disorders based on drug classes and compounds taking important therapy guidelines into consideration. Importantly, the work summarizes and discusses the role of genetic polymorphisms regarding their impact on metabolism safety and the effect of therapeutics that are used to treat migraine, cluster headache, and TTH exploring drug classes such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, triptans, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, drugs with effect on the renin-angiotensin system, and novel headache therapeutics such as ditans, anti-calcitonin-gene-related peptide antibodies, and gepants. Genetic variants in important phase I-, II-, and III-associated genes such as cytochrome P450 genes, UGT genes, and different transporter genes are scrutinized as well as variants in genes important for pharmacodynamics and several functions outside the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic spectrum. Finally, the article evaluates the potential and limitations of pharmacogenetic approaches for individual therapy adjustments in headache disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I. Belyaeva
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna G. Subbotina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Eremenko
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Tarasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Chubarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Jessica Mwinyi,
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Scuteri D, Corasaniti MT, Tonin P, Nicotera P, Bagetta G. Role of CGRP pathway polymorphisms in migraine: a systematic review and impact on CGRP mAbs migraine therapy. J Headache Pain 2021; 22:87. [PMID: 34330208 PMCID: PMC8325208 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-021-01295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background the interest of clinical reaseach in polymorphisms and epigenetics in migraine has been growing over the years. Due to the new era of preventative migraine treatment opened by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the signaling of the calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), the present systematic review aims at identifying genetic variants occurring along the CGRP pathway and at verifying whether these can affect the clinical features and the course of disease and the responsiveness of patients to therapy. Methods the literature search has been conducted consulting the most relevant scientific databases, i.e. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, the Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Published Literature database (Public Health Genomics Knowledge Base) and Clinicaltrials.gov from database inception until April 1, 2021. The process of identification and selection of the studies included in the analysis has followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and the guidance from the Human Genome Epidemiology Network for reporting gene-disease associations. Results the search has retrieved 800 results, among which only 7 studies have met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The latter are case-control studies of genetic association and an exploratory analysis and two polymorphisms have been detected as the most recurring: the rs3781719 (T > C) of the CALC A gene encoding CGRP and the rs7590387 of the gene encoding the receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1 (C > G). Only one study assessing the methylation pattern with regard to CGRP pathway has been found from the search. No genetic association studies investigating the possible effect of genetic variants affecting CGRP signaling on the responsiveness to the most recent pharmacological approaches, i.e. anti-CGRP(R) mAbs, gepants and ditans, have been published. According to the Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) systematic reviews and meta-analyses risk-of-bias score for genetic association studies, the heterogeneity between and across studies and the small sample size do not allow to draw conclusions and prompt future studies. Conclusions adequately powered, good quality genetic association studies are needed to understand the impact of genetic variants affecting the pathway of CGRP on migraine susceptibility and clinical manifestation and to predict the response to therapy in terms of efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Scuteri
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.,Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
| | | | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
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7
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Niedrig DF, Rahmany A, Heib K, Hatz KD, Ludin K, Burden AM, Béchir M, Serra A, Russmann S. Clinical Relevance of a 16-Gene Pharmacogenetic Panel Test for Medication Management in a Cohort of 135 Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153200. [PMID: 34361984 PMCID: PMC8347064 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing number of evidence-based indications for pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing. We aimed to evaluate clinical relevance of a 16-gene panel test for PGx-guided pharmacotherapy. In an observational cohort study, we included subjects tested with a PGx panel for variants of ABCB1, COMT, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP4F2, DPYD, OPRM1, POR, SLCO1B1, TPMT and VKORC1. PGx-guided pharmacotherapy management was supported by the PGx expert system SONOGEN XP. The primary study outcome was PGx-based changes and recommendations regarding current and potential future medication. PGx-testing was triggered by specific drug-gene pairs in 102 subjects, and by screening in 33. Based on PharmGKB expert guidelines we identified at least one "actionable" variant in all 135 (100%) tested patients. Drugs that triggered PGx-testing were clopidogrel in 60, tamoxifen in 15, polypsychopharmacotherapy in 9, opioids in 7, and other in 11 patients. Among those, PGx variants resulted in clinical recommendations to change PGx-triggering drugs in 33 (32.4%), and other current pharmacotherapy in 23 (22.5%). Additional costs of panel vs. single gene tests are moderate, and the efficiency of PGx panel testing challenges traditional cost-benefit calculations for single drug-gene pairs. However, PGx-guided pharmacotherapy requires specialized expert consultations with interdisciplinary collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Niedrig
- Drugsafety.ch, 8703 Kusnacht, Switzerland; (D.F.N.); (A.R.)
- Hospital Pharmacy, Clinic Hirslanden Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Rahmany
- Drugsafety.ch, 8703 Kusnacht, Switzerland; (D.F.N.); (A.R.)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Kai Heib
- INTLAB AG, 8707 Uetikon am See, Switzerland; (K.H.); (K.-D.H.)
| | | | - Katja Ludin
- Labor Risch, Molecular Genetics, 3097 Berne, Switzerland;
| | - Andrea M. Burden
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Markus Béchir
- Center for Internal Medicine, Clinic Hirslanden Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland;
| | - Andreas Serra
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Clinic Hirslanden Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Stefan Russmann
- Drugsafety.ch, 8703 Kusnacht, Switzerland; (D.F.N.); (A.R.)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Clinic Hirslanden Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)44-221-1003
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8
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Chalmer MA, Rasmussen AH, Kogelman LJA, Olesen J, Hansen TF. Chronic migraine: Genetics or environment? Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1726-1736. [PMID: 33428804 PMCID: PMC8247872 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from episodic migraine to chronic migraine, migraine chronification, is usually a gradual process, which involves multiple risk factors. To date, studies of the genetic risk factors for chronic migraine have focused primarily on candidate-gene approaches using healthy individuals as controls. AIMS AND METHODS In this study, we used a large cohort of migraine families and unrelated migraine patients (n > 2200) with supporting genotype and whole-genome sequencing data. We evaluated whether there are any genetic variants, common or rare, with a specific association to chronic migraine compared with episodic migraine. RESULTS We found no aggregation of chronic migraine in families with a clustering of migraine. No specific rare variants gave rise to migraine chronification, and migraine chronification was not associated with a higher polygenic risk score. Migraine chronification was not associated with allelic associations with an odds ratio above 2.65. Assessment of effect sizes with genome-wide significance below an odds ratio of 2.65 requires a genome-wide association study of at least 7500 chronic migraine patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that migraine chronification is caused by environmental factors rather than genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ameri Chalmer
- Department of NeurologyDanish Headache CenterCopenhagen University HospitalGlostrupDenmark
| | | | | | | | - Lisette J. A. Kogelman
- Department of NeurologyDanish Headache CenterCopenhagen University HospitalGlostrupDenmark
| | - Jes Olesen
- Department of NeurologyDanish Headache CenterCopenhagen University HospitalGlostrupDenmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Department of NeurologyDanish Headache CenterCopenhagen University HospitalGlostrupDenmark
- Novo Nordic Foundation Center for Protein ResearchCopenhagen UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
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9
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Borro M, Guglielmetti M, Simmaco M, Martelletti P, Gentile G. The future of pharmacogenetics in the treatment of migraine. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:1159-1173. [PMID: 31637960 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is considered one of the most disabling neurological disorder with a high socioeconomic burden. Pharmacological management includes many classes of drugs which in the most cases, are administrated in polytherapy. The therapeutic scheme of migraineurs is often affected by comorbidities which need concomitant medications, thus increasing the risk of side effects related to drug-drug interactions. Pharmacogenetics is a promising tool to achieve a personalized cure based on individual genetic profile while the availability of free online knowledge bases allows to check the potential DDIs of selected medications. Combining, these approaches may offer to clinicians a useful tool to improve the appropriateness of migraine polytherapy choice, aiming to increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Borro
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Guglielmetti
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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10
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Pomes LM, Guglielmetti M, Bertamino E, Simmaco M, Borro M, Martelletti P. Optimising migraine treatment: from drug-drug interactions to personalized medicine. J Headache Pain 2019; 20:56. [PMID: 31101004 PMCID: PMC6734220 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-019-1010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is the most disabling and expensive chronic disorders, the etiology of which is still not fully known. The neuronal systems, (glutammatergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic and GABA-ergic) whose functionality is partly attributable to genetically determined factors, has been suggested to play an important role. The treatment of acute attacks and the prophylactic management of chronic forms include the use of different category of drugs, and it is demonstrated that not each subject has the same clinical answer to them. The reason of this is to be searched in different functional capacity and quantity of phase I enzymes (such as different isoforms of CYP P450), phase II enzymes (such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases), receptors (such as OPRM1 for opioids) and transporters (such as ABCB1) involved in the metabolic destiny of each drug, all of these dictated by DNA and RNA variations. The general picture is further exacerbated by the need for polytherapies, often also to treat comorbidities, which may interfere with the pharmacological action of anti-migraine drugs. Personalized medicine has the objective of setting the optimal therapies in the light of the functional biochemical asset and of the comorbidities of the individual patient, in order to obtain the best clinical response. Novel therapeutic perspectives in migraine includes biotechnological drugs directed against molecules (such as CGRP and its receptor) that cause vasodilatation at the peripheral level of the meningeal blood vessels and reflex stimulation of the parasympathetic system. Drug-drug interactions and the possible competitive metabolic destiny should be studied by the application of pharmacogenomics in large scale. Drug-drug interactions and their possible competitive metabolic destiny should be studied by the application of pharmacogenomics in large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Marina Pomes
- Residency Program in Laboratory Medicine, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Martina Guglielmetti
- Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertamino
- Residency Program in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Borro
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. .,Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Capi M, Gentile G, Lionetto L, Salerno G, Cipolla F, Curto M, Borro M, Martelletti P. Pharmacogenetic considerations for migraine therapies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:1161-1167. [PMID: 30362834 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1541452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migraine is a common neurological disorder with a complex pathophysiology. It has been estimated that incidence between adults of current headache disorder is about 50%. Different studies show that this condition has an important and complex genetic component in response to drug therapy. Areas covered: This review shows and summarizes the importance of the polymorphisms associated with the major antimigraine drug metabolizing enzymes. The research of bibliographic databases has involved only published peer-reviewed articles from indexed journals. Expert opinion: Pharmacogenetics is based on the identification of polymorphism and promises personalized therapy with efficacy and reduction of adverse events. The association between genotype and an altered metabolizer status could guide clinical decision to evade concomitant treatments and adverse events. The introduction of routine genetic testing could help to choose the efficacy drug on the individual and genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Capi
- a Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry , Sant'Andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- b The Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Luana Lionetto
- c Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Unit , IDI-IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- b The Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,d Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabiola Cipolla
- b The Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Martina Curto
- d Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Marina Borro
- b The Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- d Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,e Regional Referral Headache Centre , Sant'Andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
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12
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Gasparini CF, Smith RA, Griffiths LR. Genetic and biochemical changes of the serotonergic system in migraine pathobiology. J Headache Pain 2017; 18:20. [PMID: 28194570 PMCID: PMC5307402 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-016-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a brain disorder characterized by a piercing headache which affects one side of the head, located mainly at the temples and in the area around the eye. Migraine imparts substantial suffering to the family in addition to the sufferer, particularly as it affects three times more women than men and is most prevalent between the ages of 25 and 45, the years of child rearing. Migraine typically occurs in individuals with a genetic predisposition and is aggravated by specific environmental triggers. Attempts to study the biochemistry of migraine began as early as the 1960s and were primarily directed at serotonin metabolism after an increase of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main metabolite of serotonin was observed in urine of migraineurs. Genetic and biochemical studies have primarily focused on the neurotransmitter serotonin, considering receptor binding, transport and synthesis of serotonin and have investigated serotonergic mediators including enzymes, receptors as well as intermediary metabolites. These studies have been mainly assayed in blood, CSF and urine as the most accessible fluids. More recently PET imaging technology integrated with a metabolomics and a systems biology platform are being applied to study serotonergic biology. The general trend observed is that migraine patients have alterations of neurotransmitter metabolism detected in biological fluids with different biochemistry from controls, however the interpretation of the biological significance of these peripheral changes is unresolved. In this review we present the biology of the serotonergic system and metabolic routes for serotonin and discuss results of biochemical studies with regard to alterations in serotonin in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, platelets, plasma and urine of migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Francesca Gasparini
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University Gold Coast, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Robert Anthony Smith
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Lyn Robyn Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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13
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Cargnin S, Viana M, Sances G, Tassorelli C, Terrazzino S. A systematic review and critical appraisal of gene polymorphism association studies in medication-overuse headache. Cephalalgia 2017; 38:1361-1373. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102417728244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Medication-overuse headache is a secondary chronic headache disorder, evolving from an episodic primary headache type, caused by the frequent and excessive use of headache symptomatic drugs. While gene polymorphisms have been deeply investigated as susceptibility factors for migraine, little attention has been paid to medication-overuse headache genetics. In the present study we conducted a systematic review to identify, appraise and summarize the current findings of gene polymorphism association studies in medication-overuse headache. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases of primary studies that met the diagnostic criteria for medication-overuse headache according to the temporally-relevant Classification of Headache Disorder of the International Headache Society. Results A total of 17 candidate gene association studies focusing on medication-overuse headache were finally included in the qualitative review. Among these, 12 studies investigated the role of common gene polymorphisms as risk factors for medication-overuse headache susceptibility, six studies focused on the relationship with clinical features of medication-overuse headache patients, and four studies evaluated their role as determinants of clinical outcomes in medication-overuse headache patients. Conclusion Results of single studies show a potential role of polymorphic variants of the dopaminergic gene system or of other genes related to drug-dependence pathways as susceptibility factors for disease or as determinants of monthly drug consumption, respectively. In this systematic review, we summarize the findings of gene polymorphism association studies in medication-overuse headache and discuss the methodological issues that need to be addressed in the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cargnin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Center of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (CRIFF), University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Michele Viana
- Headache Science Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Grazia Sances
- Headache Science Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Headache Science Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Terrazzino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Center of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (CRIFF), University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
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Neural Plasticity in Common Forms of Chronic Headaches. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:205985. [PMID: 26366304 PMCID: PMC4558449 DOI: 10.1155/2015/205985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Headaches are universal experiences and among the most common disorders. While headache may be physiological in the acute setting, it can become a pathological and persistent condition. The mechanisms underlying the transition from episodic to chronic pain have been the subject of intense study. Using physiological and imaging methods, researchers have identified a number of different forms of neural plasticity associated with migraine and other headaches, including peripheral and central sensitization, and alterations in the endogenous mechanisms of pain modulation. While these changes have been proposed to contribute to headache and pain chronification, some findings are likely the results of repetitive noxious stimulation, such as atrophy of brain areas involved in pain perception and modulation. In this review, we provide a narrative overview of recent advances on the neuroimaging, electrophysiological and genetic aspects of neural plasticity associated with the most common forms of chronic headaches, including migraine, cluster headache, tension-type headache, and medication overuse headache.
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Giamberardino MA, Mitsikostas DD, Martelletti P. Update on Medication-Overuse Headache and Its Treatment. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2015; 17:368. [PMID: 26139553 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-015-0368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Medication-overuse headache-i.e., a too-frequent consumption of acute headache medications leading to increased headache frequency and reduced effectiveness of acute and preventive treatments-is a serious medical condition whose pathophysiology still remains incompletely known, which is reflected into a lack of mechanism-based treatments. The first mandatory step in the therapeutic strategy remains withdrawal of the abused drug, preferably abrupt, in concomitance with a detoxification pharmacological regimen to lessen withdrawal symptoms. Intravenous hydration, antiemetics, corticosteroids (prednisone), tranquilizers (benzodiazepine), neuroleptics, and rescue medication (another analgesic than the overused) should be delivered in various combinations, on an inpatient (hospitalization and day hospital) basis or outpatient basis, depending on the characteristics of the specific patient and type of overuse. Inpatient withdrawal should be preferred in barbiturate and opioid overuse, in concomitant depression, or, in general, in patients who have difficulty in stopping the overused medication as outpatients. In contrast, in overuse limited to simple analgesics in highly motivated patients, without high levels of depression and/or anxiety, home detoxification should be chosen. Re-prophylaxis should immediately follow detoxification, ideally with local injections of onabotulinumtoxinA every 3 months or topiramate orally for at least 3 months. Adequate information to patients about the risks of a too-frequent consumption of symptomatic headache medications is essential and should constantly parallel treatment to help preventing relapse after detoxification and re-prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Adele Giamberardino
- Headache Center and Geriatrics Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University, via Carlo de Tocco n. 3, 66100, Chieti, Italy,
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Corvol JC, Devos D, Hulot JS, Lacomblez L. Clinical implications of neuropharmacogenetics. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2015; 171:482-97. [PMID: 26008819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacogenetics aims to identify the underlying genetic factors participating in the variability of drug response. Indeed, genetic variability at the DNA or RNA levels can directly or indirectly modify the pharmacokinetic or the pharmacodynamic parameters of a drug. The ultimate aim of pharmacogenetics is to move towards a personalised medicine by predicting responders and non-responders, adjusting the dose of the treatment, and identifying individuals at risk of adverse drug effects. METHODS A literature research was performed in which we reviewed all pharmacogenetic studies in neurological disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis, stroke and epilepsy. RESULTS Several pharmacogenetic studies have been performed in neurology, bringing insights into the inter-individual drug response variability and in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. The principal implications of these studies for the management of patients in clinical practice are discussed. CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION Although several genetic factors have been identified in the modification of drug response in neurological disorders, most of them have a marginal predictive effect at the single gene level, suggesting mutagenic interactions as well as other factors related to drug interaction and disease subtypes. Most pharmacogenetic studies deserve further replication in independent populations and, ideally, in pharmacogenetic clinical trials to demonstrate their relevance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Corvol
- Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; CIC_1422, département des maladies du système nerveux, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France; Inserm, UMR_S1127, ICM, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France; CNRS, UMR_7225, ICM, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - D Devos
- Inserm U1171, department of movement disorders and neurology, department of medical pharmacology, university of Lille, CHU Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - J-S Hulot
- Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm, UMR_S1166, ICAN, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L Lacomblez
- Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; CIC_1422, département des maladies du système nerveux, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France; Inserm, UMR_S1146, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
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Gentile G, Negro A, D'Alonzo L, Aimati L, Simmaco M, Martelletti P, Borro M. Lack of association between oxidative stress-related gene polymorphisms and chronic migraine in an Italian population. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:215-25. [PMID: 25585507 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1001748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Migraine patients present increased risks of vascular diseases such as high blood pressure, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, stroke and coronary heart disease. Oxidative stress (OS) is increasingly being studied in relation to the pathophysiology of migraine, stimulated by the described association with the most frequent migraine comorbidities. Because many of the gene-encoded players of the OS balance are characterized by functional polymorphisms, it is supposed that the individual genomic profile could affect susceptibility to OS and to related pathophysiological conditions. This study aimed to characterize a panel of 10 polymorphisms in 8 OS-related genes in a chronic migraine (CM) population and healthy controls, to recognize a genetic risk in the process of migraine chronification. The sample consisted of 45 healthy women and 96 women diagnosed with CM. No deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected, or in the overall population, or in the CM group or in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gentile
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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18
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Gentile G, Chiossi L, Lionetto L, Martelletti P, Borro M. Pharmacogenetic insights into migraine treatment in children. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:1539-50. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric migraine is a disabling condition that can affect the everyday activities and emotional states of children. Due to the multifactorial character of the pathology and the variety of the disease's phenotypes, establishment of an effective treatment is often challenging. Pharmacological treatment is often administered off-label and includes very different drugs, from analgesics to antidepressants. Since interindividual variability in therapy response commonly causes inefficacy and an exacerbation of symptoms, pharmacogenetics may help to decrease the prescription rate of useless or unsafe drugs. If there are many drugs used in migraine, then there are even more candidate or established pharmacogenetic markers that are implicated in clinical profiles. This article presents the current situation regarding the pharmacogenetics of drugs used in pediatric migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luana Lionetto
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Unit (DiMA), Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Regional Referral Headache Center, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine (DCMM), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Borro
- NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Viana M, Terrazzino S, Genazzani AA, Grieco GS, Cargnin S, Santorelli FM, Pierelli F, Tassorelli C, Nappi G, Di Lorenzo C. Pharmacogenomics of episodic migraine: time has come for a step forward. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:541-9. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is characterized by heterogeneous behavior in response to drugs. Many resources have been invested in attempting to unravel the genetic basis of migraine, while the role of genetics in responses to currently available drugs has received less attention. We performed a systematic literature search identifying original articles pertaining to pharmacogenomics of episodic migraine. Few primary studies on the pharmacogenomics of symptomatic and preventive medication in episodic migraine were found. The number of patients studied in the individual articles ranged from 40 up to 130. There was a strong heterogeneity among these studies. We believe that pharmacogenomics studies, if properly designed, could contribute towards optimizing the treatment and reducing the burden of migraine, in turn helping patients and optimizing resources. Our knowledge on the pharmacogenomics of migraine is growing too slowly, and concerted measures should be undertaken to speed up the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Viana
- Headache Science Centre, C. Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Armando A Genazzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, “A. Avogadro” University, Novara, Italy
| | - Gaetano S Grieco
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, C. Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sarah Cargnin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, “A. Avogadro” University, Novara, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine & Neurodegenerative Diseases – IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Headache Science Centre, C. Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Brain & Behavior Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nappi
- Headache Science Centre, C. Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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Lionetto L, Gentile G, Bellei E, Capi M, Sabato D, Marsibilio F, Simmaco M, Pini LA, Martelletti P. The omics in migraine. J Headache Pain 2013; 14:55. [PMID: 23815568 PMCID: PMC3727988 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The term omics consist of three main areas of molecular biology, such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. The omics synergism recognise migraine as an ideal study model, due to its multifactorial nature. In this review, the plainly research data featuring in this complex network are reported and analyzed, as single or multiple factor in pathophysiology of migraine. The future of migraine biomolecular research shall be focused on networking among these different and hierarchical disciplines. We have to look for its Ariadne’s tread, in order to see the whole painting of migraine molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lionetto
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Via di Grottarossa 1035 - 1039, Rome 00189, Italy.
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21
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Negro A, Lionetto L, D'Alonzo L, Casolla B, Marsibilio F, Vignaroli G, Simmaco M, Martelletti P. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of almotriptan for the treatment of migraines. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:637-44. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.783012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Di Lorenzo C, Grieco GS, Santorelli FM. Migraine headache: a review of the molecular genetics of a common disorder. J Headache Pain 2012; 13:571-80. [PMID: 22940869 PMCID: PMC3444547 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-012-0478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This tutorial summarises the state-of-the-art on migraine genetics and looks at the possible future direction of this field of research. The view of migraine as a genetic disorder, initially based on epidemiological observations of transmission of the condition within families, was subsequently confirmed by the identification of monogenic forms of "syndromic" migraine, such as familial hemiplegic migraine. We are currently witnessing a change in the way genetic analysis is used in migraine research: rather than studying modalities of inheritance in non-monogenic forms of migraine and in the persistent modalities of migraine headache, researchers are now tending to focus on the search for genetic markers of dysfunction in biological systems. One example of the evolution of migraine genetic research is provided by the recent efforts to shed light on the pharmacogenomic mechanisms of drug response in migraineurs. In addition, novel molecular approaches about to be introduced are expected to further increase knowledge on this topic and improve patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaetano S. Grieco
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, C. Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Filippo M. Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine and Neurodegenerative Diseases-IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Child Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa Italy
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Smith MT, Muralidharan A. Pharmacogenetics of pain and analgesia. Clin Genet 2012; 82:321-30. [PMID: 22779698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pain severity ratings and the analgesic dosing requirements of patients with apparently similar pain conditions may differ considerably between individuals. Contributing factors include those of genetic and environmental origin with epigenetic mechanisms that enable dynamic gene-environment interaction, more recently implicated in pain modulation. Insight into genetic factors underpinning inter-patient variability in pain sensitivity has come from rodent heritability studies as well as familial aggregation and twin studies in humans. Indeed, more than 350 candidate pain genes have been identified as potentially contributing to heritable differences in pain sensitivity. A large number of genetic association studies conducted in patients with a variety of clinical pain types or in humans exposed to experimentally induced pain stimuli in the laboratory setting, have examined the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in various target genes on pain sensitivity and/or analgesic dosing requirements. However, the findings of such studies have generally failed to replicate or have been only partially replicated by independent investigators. Deficiencies in study conduct including use of small sample size, inappropriate statistical methods and inadequate attention to the possibility that between-study differences in environmental factors may alter pain phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms, have been identified as being significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Smith
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Martelletti P. Dispute settlement understanding on the use of Botox in chronic migraine. J Headache Pain 2012; 12:1-2. [PMID: 21246242 PMCID: PMC3055987 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-010-0288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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McGraw J, Waller D. Cytochrome P450 variations in different ethnic populations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:371-82. [PMID: 22288606 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.657626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variability of drug response is an important consideration in clinical medicine. A major determinant of drug response variability is hepatic cytochrome P450 oxidase (CYP450)-mediated drug metabolism. Advances in genetics permits genotyping large numbers of patients to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which may result in variant CYP450 enzyme expression and/or activity. New SNPs with functional impacts are constantly being identified which further explain variability in CYP450 phenotype. AREAS COVERED The racial/ethnic distribution of selected CYP450 (CYP1A2, P2C8/9/19, 2D6 and 3A4/5) SNPs are reviewed with an emphasis on the agreement between genotype and phenotype. The reader will gain insight into the SNP distribution by racial/ethnic group and the corresponding relationship between important, highly prevalent, SNPs and their impact on metabolic phenotype. EXPERT OPINION Racial/ethnic differences in metabolic phenotype can be explained by differences in SNP distribution. However, overlap in substrate specificity, linkage disequilibrium and previously unidentified SNPs have made phenotypic characterization difficult for CYP3A4/5 and 2C8/9. Studies utilizing newly identified, highly prevalent, racially stratified SNPs and their impact on CYP isoform-specific metabolism will provide new answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph McGraw
- Concordia University Wisconsin, School of Pharmacy, 12800 N. Lakeshore Drive, Mequon, WI 53022, USA.
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Lionetto L, Fiorillo M, Martelletti P. Efficacy and tolerability of almotriptan in menstrual migraine: a comment. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 12:2279-81. [PMID: 21916785 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.602342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bellei E, Cuoghi A, Monari E, Bergamini S, Fantoni LI, Zappaterra M, Guerzoni S, Bazzocchi A, Tomasi A, Pini LA. Proteomic analysis of urine in medication-overuse headache patients: possible relation with renal damages. J Headache Pain 2011; 13:45-52. [PMID: 21997203 PMCID: PMC3253154 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-011-0390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a chronic disorder associated with overuse of analgesic drugs, triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other acute headache compounds. Various epidemiologic investigations proved that different drug types could cause nephrotoxicity, particularly in chronic patients. The aim of the present work was to analyze, by a proteomic approach, the urinary protein profiles of MOH patients focusing on daily use of NSAIDs, mixtures and triptans that could reasonably be related to potential renal damage. We selected 43 MOH patients overusing triptans (n = 18), NSAIDs (n = 11), and mixtures (n = 14), for 2–30 years with a mean daily analgesic intake of 1.5 ± 0.9 doses, and a control group composed of 16 healthy volunteers. Urine proteins were analyzed by mono-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Comparing the proteomic profiles of patients and controls, we found a significantly different protein expression, especially in the NSAIDs group, in which seven proteins resulted over-secreted from kidney (OR = 49, 95% CI 2.53–948.67 vs. controls; OR = 11.6, 95% CI 0.92–147.57 vs. triptans and mixtures groups). Six of these proteins (uromodulin, α-1-microglobulin, zinc-α-2-glycoprotein, cystatin C, Ig-kappa-chain, and inter-α-trypsin heavy chain H4) were strongly correlated with various forms of kidney disorders. Otherwise, in mixtures and in triptans abusers, only three proteins were potentially associated to pathological conditions (OR = 4.2, 95% CI 0.33–53.12, vs. controls). In conclusion, this preliminary proteomic study allowed us to define the urinary protein pattern of MOH patients that is related to the abused drug. According with the obtained results, we believe that the risk of nephrotoxicity should be considered particularly in MOH patients who abuse of NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bellei
- Medical Faculty, Department of Laboratory, Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100, Modena, Italy.
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Shin HE, Han SJ, Lee KS, Park JW. Polymorphism of the Glutamate Transporter Protein EAAT2 and Migraine Transformation into Chronic Daily Headache. J Clin Neurol 2011; 7:143-7. [PMID: 22087208 PMCID: PMC3212600 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2011.7.3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The progression of migraine into chronic daily headache involves multiple risk factors, but the main contributor is not known. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in central sensitization, which is an important process in the pathogenesis of migraine transformation. The glutamate transporter protein excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is the primary modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission, and genetic polymorphisms of its gene, EEAT2, have been identified. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of EAAT2 polymorphisms on migraine transformation into chronic daily headache. Methods We included 74 migraine patients with episodic attack (M-E) and 59 migraine patients with chronic daily headache (M-CDH). After amplifying EAAT2 by polymerase chain reaction, we assessed its genotype frequencies based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms. We reclassified all migraine patients into two groups according to their EAAT2 genotype, either with the A allele (n=62) or without it (n=71), and compared the clinical variables between the two groups. Results The genotype frequencies of EAAT2 polymorphisms did not differ between the M-E and M-CDH groups. Comparison between EEAT2 genotypes revealed that the frequency of analgesic usage was significantly higher among migraine patients with the A allele (12.9±1.6 days/month) than in those without the A allele (8.1±1.2 days/month; p=0.019). The other clinical variables of migraine did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions The results suggest that EEAT2 polymorphism contributes to the tendency toward frequent analgesic usage in migraine patients. This implies a potential genetic influence on the progression of migraine into chronic daily headache through the development of medication-overuse headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Shin
- Department of Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
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Chronic migraine plus medication overuse headache: two entities or not? J Headache Pain 2011; 12:593-601. [PMID: 21938457 PMCID: PMC3208042 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-011-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic migraine (CM) represents migraine natural evolution from its episodic form. It is realized through a chronicization phase that may require months or years and varies from patient to patient. The transition to more frequent attacks pattern is influenced by lifestyle, life events, comorbid conditions and personal genetic terrain, and it often leads to acute drugs overuse. Medication overuse headache (MOH) may complicate every type of headache and all the drugs employed for headache treatment can cause MOH. The first step in the management of CM complicated by medication overuse must be the withdrawal of the overused drugs and a detoxification treatment. The goal is not only to detoxify the patient and stop the chronic headache but also to improve responsiveness to acute or prophylactic drugs. Different methods have been suggested: gradual or abrupt withdrawal; home treatment, hospitalization, or a day-hospital setting; re-prophylaxes performed immediately or at the end of the wash-out period. Up to now, only topiramate and local injection of onabotulinumtoxinA have shown efficacy as therapeutic agents for re-prophylaxis after detoxification in patients with CM with and without medication overuse. Although the two treatments showed similar efficacy, onabotulinumtoxinA is associated with a better adverse events profile. Recently, the Phase III Research Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy (PREEMPT) clinical program proved that patients with CM, even those with MOH, are the ones most likely to benefit from onabotulinumtoxinA treatment. Furthermore, it provided an injection paradigm that can be used as a guide for a correct administration of onabotulinumtoxinA.
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Negro A, Lionetto L, Casolla B, Lala N, Simmaco M, Martelletti P. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of frovatriptan. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:1449-58. [PMID: 21929465 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.622265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migraine is the most common painful neurological disorder, affecting 13% of the general population. Triptans represent a powerful pharmacological tool in acute migraine treatment, however, a significant portion of treated patients cannot have access to this class due to possible adverse affects. Today, a total of seven triptan molecules are available, representing a commonly prescribed migraine treatment. Although there is a need of extensive use of triptans, only 25% of migraine patients are using triptans. AREAS COVERED This review includes triptans and evidence for the use of frovatriptan. A systematic approach is used to discuss the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects of frovatriptan, considering the emerging data on the clinical efficacy of frovatriptan in the treatment of migraine and cluster headaches. The data were obtained by searching the following key words in MEDLINE: pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, triptans, frovatriptan, migraine, menstrual migraine, relatively to the period 1988 - 2011. EXPERT OPINION Frovatriptan has been developed in order to improve safety and efficacy of triptans. It shows a favorable tolerability and efficacy profile, limited to 24/48-h headache recurrence, when compared with other triptans. Preclinical data suggest that the pharmacokinetic profile of frovatriptan may differ from other available triptans. In fact, among triptans, frovatriptan showed the highest potency at the 5-HT1B receptor (8.2) and the longer half-life (26 h). These parameters determine the clinical properties of frovatriptan; in particular the lowest rate of headache recurrence in comparison with other triptans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Negro
- Sapienza University, Regional Referral Headache Center, School of Health Sciences, Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, Rome, Italy
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Ishii M, Sakairi Y, Hara H, Imagawa A, Shimizu S, Takahashi J, Nagamine A, Naito Y, Masuda Y, Usami S, Kiuchi Y. Negative predictors of clinical response to triptans in patients with migraine. Neurol Sci 2011; 33:453-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gentile G, Borro M, Simmaco M, Missori S, Lala N, Martelletti P. Gene polymorphisms involved in triptans pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in migraine therapy. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 7:39-47. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.538680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Migraine is a serious illness with a spontaneous clinical evolution into a chronic form. In some episodic migraines, increase of crises frequency modifies the headache pattern in the chronic form, defined as chronic migraine (CM), with headache frequency of 15 days/month. One-year prevalence of CM includes around 2-4% of the general population. Migraine progression from episodic to chronic form is realized through a period of time involving several months or years, during which an increase of attack frequency occurs. Migraine shows a wide spectrum of comorbidities, including cardiocerebral, vascular, psychiatric, metabolic, neurologic as well as other pathologies. The single/multiple presence of such comorbidities represents a fixed factor in the process of chronicization into CM. Risk factors including medication overuse headache (MOH), obesity, and lifestyle cooperate in the evolution process to CM. MOH is the most severe complication of CM, and similarly to CM its appearance is gradual. Both CM and MOH show particular genetic background able to favor the appearance of chronicity and abuse. Rehabilitation consists of drug withdrawal procedures, re-prophylaxis through administration of innovative drugs, such as OnabotulinumtoxinA and/or topiramate, to avoid relapsing attacks, and behavioral strategies to minimize the role of risk factors. The initial relief step for drug abusers always relies in drug withdrawal. The feasible diagnostic setting for a CM tailored treatment based on the application of pharmacogenomics will allow us to predetermine the efficacy of single old and new drugs by avoiding abuse due to non-responsivity of the acute drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Negro
- Regional Referral Headache Centre and Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, II School of Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
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