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Hook JL. A role for TMEM63 in the lung. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178948. [PMID: 38426500 PMCID: PMC10904035 DOI: 10.1172/jci178948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are essential for breathing. Although major progress has been made in the past half century toward an understanding of surfactant secretion mechanisms, the identity of the mechanosensor that couples breathing to surfactant secretion has remained elusive. In this issue of the JCI, Chen, Li, and colleagues provide evidence that the mechanosensor is the transmembrane 63 (TMEM63) ion channel. These findings open new avenues for future research into lung mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L. Hook
- Lung Imaging Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Kärki T, Tojkander S. TRPV Protein Family-From Mechanosensing to Cancer Invasion. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1019. [PMID: 34356643 PMCID: PMC8301805 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical cues from the cellular microenvironment are detected by mechanosensitive machineries that translate physical signals into biochemical signaling cascades. At the crossroads of extracellular space and cell interior are located several ion channel families, including TRP family proteins, that are triggered by mechanical stimuli and drive intracellular signaling pathways through spatio-temporally controlled Ca2+-influx. Mechanosensitive Ca2+-channels, therefore, act as critical components in the rapid transmission of physical signals into biologically compatible information to impact crucial processes during development, morphogenesis and regeneration. Given the mechanosensitive nature of many of the TRP family channels, they must also respond to the biophysical changes along the development of several pathophysiological conditions and have also been linked to cancer progression. In this review, we will focus on the TRPV, vanilloid family of TRP proteins, and their connection to cancer progression through their mechanosensitive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytti Kärki
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Section of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Diem K, Fauler M, Fois G, Hellmann A, Winokurow N, Schumacher S, Kranz C, Frick M. Mechanical stretch activates piezo1 in caveolae of alveolar type I cells to trigger ATP release and paracrine stimulation of surfactant secretion from alveolar type II cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:12785-12804. [PMID: 32744386 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000613rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of pulmonary surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs is essential to maintain lung function. Stretching of alveoli during lung inflation is the main trigger for surfactant secretion. Yet, the molecular mechanisms how mechanical distension of alveoli results in surfactant secretion are still elusive. The alveolar epithelium consists of alveolar epithelial type I (ATI) and surfactant secreting type II (ATII) cells. ATI, but not ATII cells, express caveolae, small plasma membrane invaginations that can respond to plasma membrane stresses and serve mechanotransductive roles. Within this study, we investigated the role of caveolae as mechanosensors in the alveolus. We generated a human caveolin-1 knockout ATI cell (hAELVicav-/- ) using CRISPR/Cas9. Wildtype (hAELViwt ) and hAELVicav-/- cells grown on flexible membranes responded to increasing stretch amplitudes with rises in intracellular Ca2+ . The response was less frequent and started at higher stretch amplitudes in hAELVicav-/- cells. Stretch-induced Ca2+ -signals depended on Ca2+ -entry via piezo1 channels, localized within caveolae in hAELViwt and primary ATI cells. Ca2+ -entry via piezo1 activated pannexin-1 hemichannels resulting in ATP release from ATI cells. ATP release was reduced in hAELVicav-/- cells. In co-cultures resembling the alveolar epithelium, released ATP stimulated Ca2+ signals and surfactant secretion from neighboring ATII cells when co-cultured with hAELViwt but not hAELVicav-/- cells. In summary, we propose that caveolae in ATI cells are mechanosensors within alveoli regulating stretch-induced surfactant secretion from ATII cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Diem
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Fauler
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Fois
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Hellmann
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natalie Winokurow
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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4
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Simmons S, Erfinanda L, Bartz C, Kuebler WM. Novel mechanisms regulating endothelial barrier function in the pulmonary microcirculation. J Physiol 2018; 597:997-1021. [PMID: 30015354 DOI: 10.1113/jp276245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary epithelial and vascular endothelial cell layers provide two sequential physical and immunological barriers that together form a semi-permeable interface and prevent alveolar and interstitial oedema formation. In this review, we focus specifically on the continuous endothelium of the pulmonary microvascular bed that warrants strict control of the exchange of gases, fluid, solutes and circulating cells between the plasma and the interstitial space. The present review provides an overview of emerging molecular mechanisms that permit constant transcellular exchange between the vascular and interstitial compartment, and cause, prevent or reverse lung endothelial barrier failure under experimental conditions, yet with a clinical perspective. Based on recent findings and at times seemingly conflicting results we discuss emerging paradigms of permeability regulation by altered ion transport as well as shifts in the homeostasis of sphingolipids, angiopoietins and prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szandor Simmons
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lasti Erfinanda
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bartz
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ahn C, Lee MJ, Jeung EB. Expression and Localization of Equine Tissue-Specific Divalent Ion-Transporting Channel Proteins. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Olmeda B, Martínez-Calle M, Pérez-Gil J. Pulmonary surfactant metabolism in the alveolar airspace: Biogenesis, extracellular conversions, recycling. Ann Anat 2016; 209:78-92. [PMID: 27773772 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid-protein complex that lines and stabilizes the respiratory interface in the alveoli, allowing for gas exchange during the breathing cycle. At the same time, surfactant constitutes the first line of lung defense against pathogens. This review presents an updated view on the processes involved in biogenesis and intracellular processing of newly synthesized and recycled surfactant components, as well as on the extracellular surfactant transformations before and after the formation of the surface active film at the air-water interface. Special attention is paid to the crucial regulation of surfactant homeostasis, because its disruption is associated with several lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Olmeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre", Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Calle
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre", Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Pérez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre", Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Winters CJ, Koval O, Murthy S, Allamargot C, Sebag SC, Paschke JD, Jaffer OA, Carter AB, Grumbach IM. CaMKII inhibition in type II pneumocytes protects from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by preventing Ca2+-dependent apoptosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L86-94. [PMID: 26545899 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00132.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) translates increases in intracellular Ca(2+) into downstream signaling events. Its function in pulmonary pathologies remains largely unknown. CaMKII is a well-known mediator of apoptosis and regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+). ER stress and apoptosis of type II pneumocytes lead to aberrant tissue repair and progressive collagen deposition in pulmonary fibrosis. Thus we hypothesized that CaMKII inhibition alleviates fibrosis in response to bleomycin by attenuating apoptosis and ER stress of type II pneumocytes. We first established that CaMKII was strongly expressed in the distal respiratory epithelium, in particular in surfactant protein-C-positive type II pneumocytes, and activated after bleomycin instillation. We generated a novel transgenic model of inducible expression of the CaMKII inhibitor peptide AC3-I limited to type II pneumocytes (Tg SPC-AC3-I). Tg SPC-AC3-I mice were protected from development of pulmonary fibrosis after bleomycin exposure compared with wild-type mice. CaMKII inhibition also provided protection from apoptosis in type II pneumocytes in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, intracellular Ca(2+) levels and ER stress were increased by bleomycin and significantly blunted with CaMKII inhibition in vitro. These data demonstrate that CaMKII inhibition prevents type II pneumocyte apoptosis and development of pulmonary fibrosis in response to bleomycin. CaMKII inhibition may therefore be a promising approach to prevent or ameliorate the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olha Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shubha Murthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chantal Allamargot
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John D Paschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Omar A Jaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa; and
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Nayak PS, Wang Y, Najrana T, Priolo LM, Rios M, Shaw SK, Sanchez-Esteban J. Mechanotransduction via TRPV4 regulates inflammation and differentiation in fetal mouse distal lung epithelial cells. Respir Res 2015; 16:60. [PMID: 26006045 PMCID: PMC4446903 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical ventilation plays a central role in the injury of premature lungs. However, the mechanisms by which mechanical signals trigger an inflammatory cascade to promote lung injury are not well-characterized. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a calcium-permeable mechanoreceptor channel has been shown to be a major determinant of ventilator-induced acute lung injury in adult models. However, the role of these channels as modulators of inflammation in immature lungs is unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV4 channels are important mechanotransducers in fetal lung injury. Methods Expression of TRPV4 in the mouse fetal lung was investigated by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and qRT-PCR. Isolated fetal epithelial cells were exposed to mechanical stimulation using the Flexcell Strain Unit and inflammation and differentiation were analyzed by ELISA and SP-C mRNA, respectively. Results TRPV4 is developmentally regulated in the fetal mouse lung; it is expressed in the lung epithelium and increases with advanced gestation. In contrast, in isolated epithelial cells, TRPV4 expression is maximal at E17-E18 of gestation. Mechanical stretch increases TRPV4 in isolated fetal epithelial cells only during the canalicular stage of lung development. Using the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A, the antagonist HC-067047, and the cytokine IL-6 as a marker of inflammation, we observed that TRPV4 regulates release of IL-6 via p38 and ERK pathways. Interestingly, stretch-induced differentiation of fetal epithelial cells was also modulated by TRPV4. Conclusion These studies demonstrate that TRPV4 may play an important role in the transduction of mechanical signals in the fetal lung epithelium by modulating not only inflammation but also the differentiation of fetal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha S Nayak
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
| | - Yulian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
| | - Tanbir Najrana
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
| | - Lauren M Priolo
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
| | - Mayra Rios
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
| | - Sunil K Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
| | - Juan Sanchez-Esteban
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
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Pottosin I, Delgado-Enciso I, Bonales-Alatorre E, Nieto-Pescador MG, Moreno-Galindo EG, Dobrovinskaya O. Mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeable channels in human leukemic cells: Pharmacological and molecular evidence for TRPV2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Morty RE, Kuebler WM. TRPV4: an exciting new target to promote alveolocapillary barrier function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L817-21. [PMID: 25281637 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00254.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are emerging as important players and drug targets in respiratory disease. Amongst the vanilloid-type TRP channels (which includes the six members of the TRPV family), target diseases include cough, asthma, cancer, and more recently, pulmonary edema associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here, we critically evaluate a recent report that addresses TRPV4 as a candidate target for the management of acute lung injury that develops as a consequence of aspiration of gastric contents, or acute chlorine gas exposure. By use of two new TRPV4 inhibitors (GSK2220691 or GSK2337429A) and a trpv4(-/-) mouse strain, TRPV4 was implicated as a key mediator of pulmonary inflammation after direct chemical insult. Additionally, applied therapeutically, TRPV4 inhibitors exhibited vasculoprotective effects after chlorine gas exposure, inhibiting vascular leakage, and improving blood oxygenation. These observations underscore TRPV4 channels as candidate therapeutic targets in the management of lung injury, with the added need to balance these against the potential drawbacks of TRPV4 inhibition, such as the danger of limiting the immune response in settings of pathogen-provoked injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and The Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Mechanosensitive channels allow cells to respond to changes in membrane stretch that occur due to external stimuli like pressure or flow or that occur because of osmotically induced cell swelling or shrinkage. Ion fluxes through the channels change the membrane potential and ion concentrations and link the stretch to cellular signalling. Changes in cellular activity evoked by mechanical stimuli can be used to elicit local tissue responses or can be transmitted further to generate more widespread responses. Channels can respond directly to membrane stress, can be conferred mechanosensitive by interaction with structural proteins, or can be activated by mechanosensitive signalling pathways. Because mechanosensitive channels are often nonselective cation channels, and invertebrate TRP isoforms are involved in mechanosensation, many of the mammalian TRP isoforms have been investigated with regard to their mechanosensitivity. There is evidence that members of the TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPA and TRPP subfamilies could be in some way mechanosensitive, and each of the activation mechanisms described above is used by a TRP channel. TRP channels may be involved in mechanosensitive processes ranging from flow and pressure sensing in the vasculature and other organs to mechanosensation in sensory neurones and sensory organs. There is also evidence for a role of mechano- or osmosensitive TRP isoforms in osmosensing and the regulation of cell volume. Often, a number of different TRP isoforms have been implicated in a single type of mechanosensitive response. In many cases, the involvement of the isoforms needs to be confirmed, and their exact role in the signalling process determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D Plant
- Pharmakologisches Institut, BPC-Marburg, FB-Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 1, 35032, Marburg, Germany,
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Parker JC, Hashizumi M, Kelly SV, Francis M, Mouner M, Meyer AL, Townsley MI, Wu S, Cioffi DL, Taylor MS. TRPV4 calcium entry and surface expression attenuated by inhibition of myosin light chain kinase in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00121. [PMID: 24303188 PMCID: PMC3841052 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, blockade or gene deletion of either myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) or the mechanogated transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel attenuated mechanical lung injury. To determine their effects on calcium entry, rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMVEC) were labeled with fluo-4 and calcium entry initiated with the TRPV4 agonist, 4α-phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (4αPDD). Mean calcium transients peaked at ∼25 sec and persisted ∼500 sec. The 4αPDD response was essentially abolished in calcium-free media, or after pretreatment with the MLCK inhibitor, ML-7. ML-7 also attenuated the 4αPDD-induced inward calcium current measured directly using whole-cell patch clamp. Pretreatment with dynasore, an inhibitor of dynamin produced an initial calcium transient followed by a 4αPDD transient of unchanged peak intensity. Automated averaging of areas under the curve (AUC) of calcium transients in individual cells indicated total calcium activity with a relationship between treatment groups of ML-7 + 4αPDD < 4αPDD only < dynasore + 4αPDD. Measurement of biotinylated surface TRPV4 protein indicated a significant reduction after ML-7 pretreatment, but no significant change with dynasore treatment. RPMVEC monolayer electrical resistances were decreased by only 3% with 10 μmol/L 4αPDD and the response was dose-related. Dynasore alone produced a 29% decrease in resistance, but neither ML-7 nor dynasore affected the subsequent 4αPDD resistance response. These studies suggest that MLCK may inhibit mechanogated calcium responses through reduced surface expression of stretch activated TRPV4 channels in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Parker
- Department of Physiology and Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama Mobile, Alabama, 36688
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