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Nuinoon M, Rattanaporn P, Benjchareonwong T, Choowet A, Suwanno K, Saekoo N, Lekpetch K, Thipthara O, Svasti S, Fucharoen S. Genetic predictions of life expectancy in southern Thai patients with β0‑thalassemia/Hb E. Biomed Rep 2022; 16:52. [PMID: 35620315 PMCID: PMC9112403 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The types of β-thalassemia mutations, α-thalassemia interactions, and Hb F-associated SNPs have been described in association with variable disease phenotypes. This study aimed to determine the updated spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations and evaluate the contribution of primary and secondary genetic modifiers and SNPs to disease severity, age at onset, and predicted life expectancy in southern Thai β-thalassemia patients. A total of 181 β-thalassemia patients were enrolled and 135 β0-thalassemia/Hb E patients without α-thalassemia interactions were divided into three categories according to disease severity, age at onset, and predicted life expectancy. A total of 16 β-thalassemia mutations were identified in this study, and the three most common β-thalassemia mutations accounted for 61.4% of all mutations. It was also found that the XmnI polymorphism and rs2071348 were associated with age at onset and the predicted life expectancy. More than 82% of β0-thalassemia/Hb E patients with CC genotype (XmnI) were 3 years old or younger at onset. Additionally, >90% of the higher predicted life expectancy in β0-thalassemia/Hb E patients had the T allele of XmnI. Therefore, genetic prediction for age at onset and life expectancy is beneficial and practical during prenatal diagnosis or newborn screening for better genetic counseling and optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manit Nuinoon
- Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Patchara Rattanaporn
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Thongchai Benjchareonwong
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Anatomy, Chumphon Ket‑Udomsak Hospital, Chumphon 86000, Thailand
| | - Anuchit Choowet
- Department of Pediatrics, Vachira Phuket Hospital, Phuket 83000, Thailand
| | - Komsai Suwanno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Ngamta Saekoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Krongjit Lekpetch
- Department of Pediatrics, Suratthani Hospital, Suratthani 84000, Thailand
| | - Orapan Thipthara
- Department of Pediatrics, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80000, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Mehta P, Sawant P, Gorivale M, Nadkarni A, Colah R, Mukherjee MB. Prevalence of globin gene modifiers encountered in fetuses during antenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 42:482-491. [PMID: 32412692 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hemoglobinopathies are the commonest group of single gene disorders in the Indian subcontinent. Although genetic modifiers are known to have a remarkable effect on phenotypic expression, the effects of the possible co-inheritance of different modifiers are not taken into account during prenatal diagnosis. The present study was undertaken to look for the frequency of globin gene modifiers like the types of β-globin gene mutations, α thalassemia, α gene triplication, and the Xmn1 polymorphism in fetuses during antenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 580 fetuses with different diagnoses were screened for the presence of genetic modifiers. RESULTS Twenty-two different β-globin gene mutations were identified of which 3.5% were milder mutations. Among the affected fetuses, 29.6% of the β-thalassemia major and 52.9% of the sickle cell anemia (SCA) fetuses had one genetic modifier while 3.7% of the β-thalassemia major and 41.1% of the SCA fetuses had co-inherited two modifiers. α-gene triplication was detected in 16 (3.5%) β-thalassemia/sickle cell heterozygous and normal fetuses of which 5 babies (2 β-thalassemia heterozygous and 3 normal) could be followed up. Of the 2 β-thalassemia heterozygous babies, one had a severe clinical presentation. CONCLUSION Many fetuses had one or two gene modifiers. However, the impact of these on ameliorating the severity of the disease could not be evaluated as all the fetuses with β thalassemia major or sickle cell disease were terminated. Parents having heterozygous fetuses with α gene triplication should be followed up periodically after birth for better management of these babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mehta
- ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, Parel, India
| | | | - Manju Gorivale
- ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, Parel, India
| | - Anita Nadkarni
- ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, Parel, India
| | - Roshan Colah
- ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, Parel, India
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El Gawhary S, Farid M, Ezzat M, ElAwady H, Mostafa H. Xmn I polymorphism in Egyptian patients with β-thalassemia major and its correlation with the HbF level. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vasseur C, Domingues-Hamdi E, Ledudal K, Le Corvoisier P, Barau C, Ghaleh B, Rialland A, Pissard S, Galactéros F, Baudin-Creuza V. Red blood cells free α-haemoglobin pool: a biomarker to monitor the β-thalassemia intermedia variability. The ALPHAPOOL study. Br J Haematol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Vasseur
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm)-U955; équipe 2 : Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB); Université de Paris Est Créteil (UPEC); Créteil France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
| | - Elisa Domingues-Hamdi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm)-U955; équipe 2 : Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB); Université de Paris Est Créteil (UPEC); Créteil France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
| | - Katia Ledudal
- Inserm; Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430; Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Créteil France
| | - Philippe Le Corvoisier
- Inserm; Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430; Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Créteil France
| | - Caroline Barau
- Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques; Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor (AP-HP); Créteil France
| | - Bijan Ghaleh
- Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques; Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor (AP-HP); Créteil France
| | - Amandine Rialland
- Unité de Recherche Clinique; Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor (AP-HP); Créteil France
| | - Serge Pissard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm)-U955; équipe 2 : Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB); Université de Paris Est Créteil (UPEC); Créteil France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor (AP-HP); Créteil France
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm)-U955; équipe 2 : Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB); Université de Paris Est Créteil (UPEC); Créteil France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
- Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge; Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor (AP-HP); Créteil France
| | - Véronique Baudin-Creuza
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm)-U955; équipe 2 : Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB); Université de Paris Est Créteil (UPEC); Créteil France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
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Mettananda S, Gibbons RJ, Higgs DR. Understanding α-globin gene regulation and implications for the treatment of β-thalassemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1368:16-24. [PMID: 26695885 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, a vast amount of new information has been uncovered describing how the globin genes are regulated. This knowledge has provided significant insights into the general understanding of the regulation of human genes. It is now known that molecular defects within and around the α- and β-globin genes, as well as in the distant regulatory elements, can cause thalassemia. Unbalanced production of globin chains owing to defective synthesis of one, and the continued unopposed synthesis of another, is the central causative factor in the cellular pathology and pathophysiology of thalassemia. A large body of clinical, genetic, and experimental evidence suggests that altering globin chain imbalance by reducing the production of α-globin synthesis ameliorates the disease severity in patients with β-thalassemia. With the development of new genetic-based therapeutic tools that have a potential to decrease the expression of a selected gene in a tissue-specific manner, the possibility of decreasing expression of the α-globin gene to improve the clinical severity of β-thalassemia could become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachith Mettananda
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Richard J Gibbons
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas R Higgs
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Blood Theme, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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α-Globin as a molecular target in the treatment of β-thalassemia. Blood 2015; 125:3694-701. [PMID: 25869286 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-633594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalassemias, together with sickle cell anemia and its variants, are the world's most common form of inherited anemia, and in economically undeveloped countries, they still account for tens of thousands of premature deaths every year. In developed countries, treatment of thalassemia is also still far from ideal, requiring lifelong transfusion or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Clinical and molecular genetic studies over the course of the last 50 years have demonstrated how coinheritance of modifier genes, which alter the balance of α-like and β-like globin gene expression, may transform severe, transfusion-dependent thalassemia into relatively mild forms of anemia. Most attention has been paid to pathways that increase γ-globin expression, and hence the production of fetal hemoglobin. Here we review the evidence that reduction of α-globin expression may provide an equally plausible approach to ameliorating clinically severe forms of β-thalassemia, and in particular, the very common subgroup of patients with hemoglobin E β-thalassemia that makes up approximately half of all patients born each year with severe β-thalassemia.
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Nagar R, Sinha S, Raman R. Genotype-phenotype correlation and report of novel mutations in β-globin gene in thalassemia patients. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:10-4. [PMID: 25976460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in thalassemia is due to various modifying factors viz. coinheritance of α-gene defects, abnormal hemoglobin, XmnI polymorphism, variation in repeat sequences present in LCR, and silencer region of the gene. The present work on populations from eastern regions of India was undertaken to study the genetic profile of heterogeneity in thalassemia patients. Mutation analysis in 126 index families revealed the presence of 3 novel mutations: CD2 (-A) in the 1st exon, -42 (C-G), and -223 (T-C) in the promoter region of β-globin gene. The modifying effect of coexisting α-gene defects, and abnormal Hb (HbS) was clearly observed in our study, however ameliorating effect of T allele of XmnI polymorphism was not found. Analysis of the regulatory regions (LCR) exhibited new combinations (CA(15)TA(5) and CA(13)TA(8)) in HS1 region and one (AT)(10)T(3) in (AT)(x)T(y )silencer region. Thus disparate factors, when considered together, were able to explain several of the thalassemic phenotypes, otherwise not explained by the β globin mutations. However, there were still some cases in this group whose molecular origin could not be ascertained. Our findings confirm not only the extensive genotypic and clinical heterogeneity in β thalassemia but also the need to look for more modulators and modifiers to better understand the genotype-phenotype correlation in thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Nagar
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujata Sinha
- Varanasi Regional Thalassemia Welfare Society, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajiva Raman
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Prevalence of alpha thalassemia in microcytic anemia: a tertiary care experience from north India. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2015; 7:e2015004. [PMID: 25574363 PMCID: PMC4283920 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2015.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cases with microcytosis not responding adequately to iron supplementation are diagnostic dilemma and have been reported to harbor alpha (α) thalassemia mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the common α globin gene deletions in cases with microcytic anemia. Methods Fifty four patients selected (22 females and 32 males) had microcytic anemia (MCV < 80 fl, Hb <12gm/dl) with raised TRBC (> 5M/mm3) but normal Hb HPLC. They had either low or normal Transferrin Saturation (TS). Gap-PCR for four common α-gene deletions (-α3.7, -α4.2, - -αSA and --αSEA) was done. Results Out of the total fifty-four cases nineteen (35.2%) cases were found to have α gene mutations; Three homozygous and sixteen heterozygous cases including -α3.7 deletions and a single case of -- α SA ; but no -α4.2 and –SEA mutations were found. Conclusion α gene mutations can confound iron deficiency anemia, but no RBC indices, or a discriminant function can identify it is presence Molecular studies have to be resorted to. Gap PCR for common α thalassemia mutation including –α SA should be done even in the face of low iron stores in subjects who respond incompletely to iron supplementation.
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Soliman AT, Al Yafei F, Al-Naimi L, Almarri N, Sabt A, Yassin M, De Sanctis V. Longitudinal study on thyroid function in patients with thalassemia major: High incidence of central hypothyroidism by 18 years. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 17:1090-1095. [PMID: 24381890 PMCID: PMC3872691 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.122635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary hypothyroidism is one of the most frequent complications observed in-patients suffering from thalassemia. We investigated and reviewed the thyroid function in all thalassemic patients attending the Pediatric Endocrine Clinic of Hamad Medical Center, Doha, Qatar during the last 10 years of follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 48 patients with ί-thalassemia major between 5 years and 18 years of age. Thyroid dysfunction was defined as follows: Overt hypothyroidism (low Free thyroxine [FT4] and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] levels >5 μIU/ml); subclinical hypothyroidism (normal FT4, TSH between 5 μIU/ml and 10 μIU/ml) and central (secondary) hypothyroidism (low FT4 and normal or decreased TSH). RESULTS A total of 48 patients (22 males and 26 females) completed a 12 year-period of follow-up. During this period, hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 17/48 (35%) of patients. There was no significant difference in the prevalence in males 7/22 (32%) versus females 10/26 (38%). Sixteen of the patients had hypothyroidism after the age of 10 years (94%). The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism had risen from 0% at the age of 7 years to 35% at the age of 18 years. None of the patients had high anti-thyroperoxidase antibody titers. Out of 17 patients, 13 patients with hypothyroidism had normal or low TSH level (not appropriately elevated) indicative of defective hypothalamic pituitary response to low FT4 (central hypothyroidism). Three patients (6.3%) had subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH between 5 uIU/ml and 10 uIU/ml and normal FT4). The general trend of FT4 level showed progressive decrease over the 12 years, whereas, TSH levels did not show a corresponding increase. These data suggested defective hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis involving both TSH and FT4 sretion in patients with thalassemia major over time. There was a significant negative correlation between serum ferritin and FT4 (r = -0.39, P = 0.007), but no correlation was found between ferritin and TSH. CONCLUSIONS Worsening of thyroid function was observed in 35% of the studied thalassemic patients by the age of 18 years. The lack of proper increase of TSH in response to the low circulating levels of FT4 in 13/17 (76%) of these patients indicates a relatively high incidence of defective pituitary thyrotrophic function in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fawzia Al Yafei
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Center, Doha - Qatar
| | - Lolwa Al-Naimi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Center, Doha - Qatar
| | - Noora Almarri
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Center, Doha - Qatar
| | - Aml Sabt
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Center, Doha - Qatar
| | - Mohamed Yassin
- Department of Hematology, Hamad Medical Center, Doha - Qatar
| | - Vincenzo De Sanctis
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Out patient Clinic, Quisisana Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Kumar R, Kaur A, Agarwal S. Influence of Xmn 1(G)γ (HBG2 c.-211 C → T) Globin Gene Polymorphism on Phenotype of Thalassemia Patients of North India. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2013; 30:286-90. [PMID: 25435729 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-013-0293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta (β) thalassemia is the most common single gene disorder in India. It has been reported that in patients with β-thalassemia in the presence of Xmn 1(G)γ polymorphic site the level of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is increased thereby reducing the severity of disease. To determine the prevalence of Xmn 1(G)γ polymorphic site and its effect on the clinical phenotype and HbF level in 39 β-thalassemia major and 62 thalassemia intermedia patients, along with response to hydroxyurea therapy in thalassemia intermedia cases. Status of Xmn 1(G)γ polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism procedure. The HbF level was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Genotypes and allele frequencies of the Xmn 1(G)γ polymorphism did not vary significantly between the various thalassemia groups. HbF levels were observed to be significantly increased and age at presentation was significantly greater in presence of Xmn 1(G)γ polymorphic site on both alleles as compared to its absence in thalassemia major but not in thalassemia intermedia cases. The response of hydroxyurea in thalassemia intermedia was found only in a few patients irrespective of their Xmn 1(G)γ status. Xmn 1(G)γ polymorphisms appear to significantly influence HbF levels and age at presentation in thalassemia major but not in thalassemia intermedia patients. Small numbers precluded a definitive correlation of the polymorphism with response to hydroxyurea therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raibarelly Road, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Anupriya Kaur
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raibarelly Road, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Sarita Agarwal
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raibarelly Road, Lucknow, 226014 India
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Panigrahi I, Agarwal S. Genetic determinants of phenotype in beta-thalassemia. Hematology 2013; 13:247-52. [DOI: 10.1179/102453308x316031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inusha Panigrahi
- Department of PediatricsPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-12, India
| | - Sarita Agarwal
- Department of Medical GeneticsSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-14, India
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Moosa MM, Ayub MI, Bashar AE, Sarwardi G, Khan W, Khan H, Yeasmin S. Combination of two rare mutations causes β-thalassaemia in a Bangladeshi patient. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:406-9. [PMID: 21931510 PMCID: PMC3168178 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening of mutations that cause β-thalassaemia in the Bangladeshi population led to the identification of a patient with a combination of two rare mutations, Hb Monroe and HBB: −92 C > G. The β-thalassaemia major male individual was transfusion-dependent and had an atypical β-globin gene cluster haplotype. Of the two mutations, Hb Monroe has been characterized in detail. Clinical effects of the other mutation, HBB: −92 C > G, are unknown so far. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to predict the possible effect of this mutation. These analyses revealed the presence of a putative binding site for Egr1, a transcription factor, within the HBB: −92 region. Our literature survey suggests a close relationship between different phenotypic manifestations of β-thalassaemia and Egr1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Muhammad Moosa
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Bhattacharya G, Sarkar AA, Banerjee D, Chandra S, Das M, Dasgupta UB. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Search for Two α-Globin Gene Mutations in India. Hemoglobin 2009; 32:485-90. [DOI: 10.1080/03630260802341620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Nemati H, Rahimi Z, Bahrami G. The Xmn1 polymorphic site 5' to the (G)gamma gene and its correlation to the (G)gamma:(A)gamma ratio, age at first blood transfusion and clinical features in beta-thalassemia patients from Western Iran. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:159-64. [PMID: 19444645 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
beta-Thalassemia is the most common single gene disorder in Iran and more than 25,000 affected individuals have been reported. It has been reported that in patients with beta-thalassemia in the presence of Xmn1 polymorphic site the level of Hb F and (G)gamma: (A)gamma ratio is increased. The prevalence of Xmn1 polymorphic site, (G)gamma: (A)gamma ratio and Hb F in 197 beta-thalassemia major patients from the Kermanshah Province of Iran were studied. The Xmn1 polymorphic site was determined by PCR-RFLP procedure. The levels of (G)gamma and (A)gamma chains were detected by HPLC. The percent of Hb F was determined using electrophoresis method. In beta-thalassemia major patients the frequency of presence Xmn1 was 0.39. The mean of (G)gamma: (A)gamma ratio was found to be 2.5. In the present study it was found that in the presence of Xmn1 polymorphic site (G)gamma percent and (G)gamma: (A)gamma ratio were significantly increased (P = 0.01) and the clinical features such as splenomegaly and bone marrow expansion were significantly improved (P = 0.01). We found that in the presence of Xmn1 polymorphic site on both chromosomes (+/+) the level of Hb F tended to be increased compared to the absence of Xmn1 (-/-). The present investigation has studied the frequency of Xmn1 polymorphic site in beta-thalassemia major patients from Western Iran and has revealed that the presence of this polymorphic site caused a positive influence on Hb F production and the (G)gamma percent which could improve the clinical symptoms of beta-thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooshang Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacy School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Nadkarni A, Phanasgaonkar S, Colah R, Mohanty D, Ghosh K. Prevalence and molecular characterization of alpha-thalassemia syndromes among Indians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 12:177-80. [PMID: 18447636 DOI: 10.1089/gte.2007.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and molecular basis of alpha-thalassemia in the Indian population and its implications in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. METHODS 1253 random samples were screened for hemoglobinopathies. Red cell indices were measured on the Sysmex K 1000 cell counter; HbA2 and HbF levels were quantitated using high performance liquid chromotography (HPLC). Cellulose acetate electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing (IEF) was done to detect the presence of Hb Bart's in cord blood samples. alpha-Globin gene mapping was done using Southern blot hybridization of BamHI and BglII digests. RESULTS Of the 1253 subjects, 132 had a single alpha-gene deletion (10.5%) while 29 had two alpha-gene deletions (2.31%). Fifteen cases showed the presence of alpha-gene triplication (1.1%). A single case showed the presence of one alpha-gene deletion as well as alpha-gene triplication (-alpha/alphaalphaalpha). Overall, the prevalence of alpha-thalassemia was 12.9%. Region-wise and caste-wise analysis showed the highest prevalence of alpha-thalassemia among the Punjabi population originating from the northern region of India. CONCLUSION alpha-Thalassemia is by far the commonest hemoglobinopathy in India, but it is not a cause of serious genetic risk is the milder form (-alpha/alphaalpha) of alpha-thalassemia, which is predominant. Knowing the alpha-genotype is useful for genetic counseling for prenatal diagnosis in couples where one of the parents may have reduced indices coupled with a raised RBC count and normal HbA2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Nadkarni
- Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, India
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Bandyopadhyay S, Mondal BC, Sarkar P, Chandra S, Das MK, Dasgupta UB. Two beta-globin cluster-linked polymorphic loci in thalassemia patients of variable levels of fetal hemoglobin. Eur J Haematol 2005; 75:47-53. [PMID: 15946310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate different polymorphisms of the beta-globin cluster with fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level in beta-thalassemia and E-beta thalassemia patients. METHODS Fifteen thalassemia patients, seven with high HbF and not requiring transfusion, eight with lower HbF and requiring transfusion were studied for beta-globin mutation, concurrent inheritance of alpha-thalassemia, RFLP haplotype, a C-->T polymorphism at -158 of Ggamma and configuration of an (AT)(x)T(y) motif at -540 of beta-globin gene. RESULTS Senegal 5'beta-haplotype and the polymorphism at -158 of G(gamma) was (P = 0.063) was linked to the high-HbF phenotype but the (AT)(9)T(5) configuration of the (AT)(x)T(y) motif was not (P = 0.6). Study of 30 chromosomes revealed 7 different configurations of the (AT)(x)T(y) motif. Association of these motifs with specific beta-globin mutations of this region has also been determined. CONCLUSION The senegal haplotype and the polymorphism at -158 of G(gamma) was linked to the high-HbF phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmay Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Bandyopadhyay A, Bandyopadhyay S, Basak J, Mondal BC, Sarkar AA, Majumdar S, Das MK, Chandra S, Mukhopadhyay A, Sanghamita M, Ghosh K, Dasgupta UB. Profile of ?-thalassemia in eastern India and its prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24:992-6. [PMID: 15614841 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To control the birth of thalassemic children in India. METHODS Mutations present in the population of eastern India and in carrier parents seeking prenatal diagnosis were detected by the PCR-based technique of ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) or gap-PCR. To screen for maternal tissue contamination in CVS, haplotypes associated with the beta-globin gene clusters were constructed using six polymorphic restriction sites. Prenatal diagnosis was accomplished by checking presence of parental mutation in the DNA from chorionic villus sampling (CVS) collected at 8 to 10 weeks' gestation by appropriate technique. RESULTS Six hundred and fifty (650) unrelated beta-thalassemia chromosomes were screened for 11 common mutations to characterize the mutation distribution in this population. Starting from early 2000, 63 families from different parts of West Bengal and from surrounding areas have been offered prenatal counseling for beta-thalassemia. CONCLUSION The population of this region is conscious and willing to accept prenatal diagnosis as a means of control of thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata-700 009, India
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