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Drygiannakis I, Kolios G, Filidou E, Bamias G, Valatas V. Intestinal Stromal Cells in the Turmoil of Inflammation and Defective Connective Tissue Remodeling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1604-1618. [PMID: 38581412 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In steady state, intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts form a thin layer below the basement membrane. Unlike the rest of the stromal cells in the lamina propria, they express tensile proteins, guide epithelial regeneration, and sense luminal microbiota. Upon inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they express activation markers, accept trophic signaling by infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages, and are activated by cytokines from helper T cells to produce a narrow spectrum of cytokines and a wider spectrum of chemokines, attract cells of innate and adaptive immunity, orchestrate inflammatory responses, and qualitatively and quantitatively modify the extracellular matrix. Thus, beyond being structural tissue components, they assume active roles in the pathogenesis of complicated IBD. Discrimination between myofibroblasts and fibroblasts may be an oversimplification in light of single-cell sequencing data unveiling the complexity of multiple phenotypes of stromal cells with distinct roles and plasticity. Spatial transcriptomics revealed distinct phenotypes by histologic localization and, more intriguingly, the assembly of mucosal neighborhoods that support spatially distinct functions. Current IBD treatments target inflammation but fail in fibrostenotic or fistulizing disease. Baseline and recent findings on stromal cells, molecules, and pathways involved in disrupted extracellular matrix homeostasis are reviewed to provide relevant pharmacologic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Third Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Valatas
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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Huang Y, Zhao P, Zhang X, Fu H, Fu C. Uncovering the pharmacological mechanisms of Patchouli essential oil for treating ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 336:118737. [PMID: 39182705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pogostemonis Herba has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory disorders. Patchouli essential oil (PEO) is the primary component of Pogostemonis Herba, and it has been suggested to offer curative potential when applied to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the pharmacological mechanisms of PEO for treating UC remain to be clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of PEO for treating UC. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, transcriptomic and network pharmacology approaches were combined to clarify the mechanisms of PEO for treating UC. Our results reveal that rectal PEO administration in UC model mice significantly alleviated symptoms of UC. In addition, PEO effectively suppressed colonic inflammation and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, PEO can ameliorate UC mice by modulating gut microbiota, inhibiting inflammatory targets (OPTC, PTN, IFIT3, EGFR, and TLR4), and inhibiting the PI3K-AKT pathway. Next, the 11 potential bioactive components that play a role in PEO's anti-UC mechanism were identified, and the therapeutic efficacy of the pogostone (a bioactive component) in UC mice was partially validated. CONCLUSION This study highlights the mechanisms through which PEO can treat UC, providing a rigorous scientific foundation for future efforts to develop and apply PEO for treating UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Huang
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Pengyu Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao Fu
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Pei S, Ke C, Han J, Xie X. Patched 1 and C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 6 Distinguish Heterogeneous T Helper 17 Subsets in Colitic Lamina Propria. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:162-177. [PMID: 36394554 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2141123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, their heterogeneity and regulatory mechanisms in IBD are not completely disclosed. A mouse colitis model was established. Th17 cells were enriched from the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) and lamina propria (LP). The phenotypes and functions of Th17 subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry, Immunoblotting, and real-time RT-PCR. The contributions of the Th17 subsets to colitis pathogenesis were evaluated by histology, ELISA, and flow cytometry after adoptive transfer. Smoothened (SMO), GLI family zinc finger 1 (Gli1), and GLI family zinc finger 3 (Gli3) were markedly up-regulated while Patched 1 (PTCH1) was down-regulated in LP Th17 cells in colitic lamina propria. Based on the expression of PTCH1 and C-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6), LP Th17 cells were divided into a PTCH1lowCCR6low Th17 subset and a PTCH1highCCR6high Th17 subset. The former expressed higher T-bet, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and GM-CSF but lower IL-17A, IL-22, IL-17F, and Gli3 than the latter. The PTCH1highCCR6high Th17 subset was more resistant to polarization towards T helper 1 (Th1) than the PTCH1lowCCR6low Th17 subset. Moreover, the PTCH1highCCR6high Th17 subset was more competent to maintain Th17 identity. The PTCH1highCCR6high Th17 subset induced less severe colitis than the PTCH1lowCCR6low Th17 subset. PTCH1highCCR6high Th17 cells are Th17 cells whereas PTCH1lowCCR6low Th17 cells are Th1-like Th17 cells. Our study deepens the understanding of Th17 heterogeneity and plasticity in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Pei
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Ke
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiantao Han
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xingwang Xie
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Wumei Pill Ameliorates AOM/DSS-Induced Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer through Inhibition of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Regulating S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase- (AHCY-) Mediated Hedgehog Signaling in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4061713. [PMID: 35927991 PMCID: PMC9345734 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4061713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wumei Pill (WMP) is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation and widely used to treat digestive system diseases in clinical. S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) can catalyze the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine to adenosine and homocysteine in living organisms, and its abnormal expression is linked to the pathogenesis of many diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). A previous study reported that WMP could prevent CRC in mice; however, the underlying mechanisms especially the roles of AHCY in WMP-induced anti-CRC remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the regulatory roles and potential mechanisms of AHCY in WMP-induced anti-CRC. WMP notably alleviated the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium- (AOM/DSS-) induced colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) in mice. Besides, WMP inhibited the inflammation and oxidative stress in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice. AHCY was high expression in clinical samples of colon cancer compared to the adjacent tissues. WMP inhibited the AHCY expression in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice. An in vitro study found that AHCY overexpression induced cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and tumor angiogenesis, whereas its knockdown impaired its oncogenic function. AHCY overexpression enhanced, while its knockdown weakened the inflammation and oxidative stress in colon cancer cells. Interestingly, WMP potently suppressed the hedgehog (Hh) signaling in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice. A further study showed that AHCY overexpression activated the Hh signaling while AHCY knockdown inactivated the Hh signaling. Moreover, activation of the Hh signaling reversed the effect of AHCY silencing on inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro. In conclusion, WMP alleviated the AOM/DSS-induced CAC through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating AHCY-mediated hedgehog signaling in mice. These findings uncovered a potential molecular mechanism underlying the anti-CAC effect of WMP and suggested WMP as a promising therapeutic candidate for CRC.
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Dang AK, Gonzalez DA, Kumar R, Asif S, Bali A, Anne KK, Konanur Srinivasa NK. Vinculum of Cardiovascular Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e26144. [PMID: 35891823 PMCID: PMC9303831 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CrD), is a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammation of the bowel with extraintestinal involvement. Numerous studies published in the last decade have underlined the dangerous cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes of IBD, such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, and the need for better therapeutic and prognostic strategies. This article elucidated the pathological web of mechanisms that link IBD with CVD, such as immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and dysbiosis, with a comprehensive review of clinical studies standing for and against the notion in pediatric and adult populations. The current treatment and prevention aim at disease remission and dietary strategies shown to reduce the CVD risk. Exploration of other supplemental preventive and treatment methods, especially during active flares of disease, to reduce the risk of arterial thromboembolic disease (ATED) is the need of the hour.
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Zhang YM, Chen QG, Chen C, Wang S, Li ZF, Hou ZF, Liu DD, Tao JP, Xu JJ. MicroRNA expression profile of chicken cecum in different stages during Histomonas meleagridis infection. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:222. [PMID: 35690747 PMCID: PMC9188098 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histomonas meleagridis is an anaerobic, intercellular parasite, which infects gallinaceous birds such as turkeys and chickens. In recent years, the reemergence of Histomoniasis has caused serious economic losses as drugs to treat the disease have been banned. At present, H. meleagridis research focuses on virulence, gene expression analysis, and the innate immunity of the host. However, there are no studies on the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) associated with the host inflammatory and immune responses induced by H. meleagridis. In this research, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the expression profile of cecum miRNA at 10 and 15 days post-infection (DPI) in chickens infected with Chinese JSYZ-F strain H. meleagridis. Results Compared with the controls, 94 and 127 DEMs were found in cecum of infected chickens at 10 DPI (CE vs CC) and 15 DPI (CEH vs CCH), respectively, of which 60 DEMs were shared at two-time points. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of the target genes of DEMs indicated that 881 and 1027 GO terms were significantly enriched at 10 and 15 DPI, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG, www.kegg.jp/kegg/kegg1.html) pathway enrichment analysis of the target genes of DEMs demonstrated that 5 and 3 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched at 10 and 15 DPI, respectively. For previous uses, the Kanehisa laboratory have happily provided permission. The integrated analysis of miRNA–gene network revealed that the DEMs played important roles in the host inflammatory and immune responses to H. meleagridis infection by dynamically regulating expression levels of inflammation and immune-related cytokines. Conclusion This article not only suggested that host miRNA expression was dynamically altered by H. meleagridis and host but also revealed differences in the regulation of T cell involved in host responses to different times H. meleagridis infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03316-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Guang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Fan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Feng Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Palla M, Scarpato L, Di Trolio R, Ascierto PA. Sonic hedgehog pathway for the treatment of inflammatory diseases: implications and opportunities for future research. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004397. [PMID: 35710292 PMCID: PMC9204405 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is an essential pathway in the human body that plays an important role in embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant activation of this pathway has been linked to the development of different diseases, ranging from cancer to immune dysregulation and infections. Uncontrolled activation of the pathway through sporadic mutations or other mechanisms is associated with cancer development and progression in various malignancies, such as basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and small-cell lung carcinoma. Targeted inhibition of the pathway components has therefore emerged as an attractive and validated therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. Currently, two main components of the pathway, the smoothened receptor and the glioma-associated oncogene homolog transcriptional factors, have been investigated for the development of targeted drugs, leading to the marketing authorization of three smoothened receptor inhibitors for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia. The Shh pathway also seems to be involved in regulating the immune response, possibly playing a role in immune system evasions by tumors, development of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease, airway inflammation, and diseases related to aberrant activation of T-helper 2 cellular response, such as allergy, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. Finally, the Shh pathway is involved in pathogen-mediated infection, including influenza-A and, more recently, SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Therefore, agents that inhibit the Shh signaling pathway might be used to treat pathogenic infections, shifting the therapeutic approach from strain-specific treatments to host-based strategies that target highly conserved host targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palla
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Scarpato
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Trolio
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
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Emerging roles of the Hedgehog signalling pathway in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:314. [PMID: 34702800 PMCID: PMC8548344 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway plays a critical role in the growth and patterning during embryonic development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. Emerging data indicate that Hh signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current therapeutic treatments for IBD require optimisation, and novel effective drugs are warranted. Targeting the Hh signalling pathway may pave the way for successful IBD treatment. In this review, we introduce the molecular mechanisms underlying the Hh signalling pathway and its role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Then, we present interactions between the Hh signalling and other pathways involved in IBD and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), such as the Wnt and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Furthermore, we summarise the latest research on Hh signalling associated with the occurrence and progression of IBD and CAC. Finally, we discuss the future directions for research on the role of Hh signalling in IBD pathogenesis and provide viewpoints on novel treatment options for IBD by targeting Hh signalling. An in-depth understanding of the complex role of Hh signalling in IBD pathogenesis will contribute to the development of new effective therapies for IBD patients.
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The risk of cardiovascular complications in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:481-491. [PMID: 32785793 PMCID: PMC7568702 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing disease of unknown etiology involving gastrointestinal tract. IBD comprises two main entities: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Several studies showed increased risk of cardiovascular complications in chronic inflammatory disorders, especially during IBD relapses. Endothelium plays a role in physiologic regulation of vascular tone, cell adhesion, migration and resistance to thrombosis. Also, its dysfunction is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis development. There are several potential links between chronic IBD-related inflammatory processes and the risk of cardiovascular disease, but insight into pathogenetic pathways remains unclear. We present the current concepts and review of adult and pediatric studies on the risk of CVD in IBD.
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Hao L, Liu MW, Gu ST, Huang X, Deng H, Wang X. Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract ameliorates lipopolysaccharide- and D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury by attenuating the hedgehog signaling pathway via regulation of miR-124 expression. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:88. [PMID: 32178661 PMCID: PMC7076998 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedum sarmentosum is traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases in China. It has protective effects against acute liver injury, but the exact mechanism of such effects remains unclear. This study investigated the protective effects of S. sarmentosum extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver injury in mice and the mechanism of such effects. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control, treatment, model, and model treatment groups. Acute liver injury was induced in model mice via intraperitoneal injection of LPS and D-GalN with doses of 10 μg/kg of LPS and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of miR-124, Hedgehog, Patched (Ptch), Smoothened (Smo), and glioma-associated oncogene homolog (Gli) in liver tissues were determined through RT-PCR, and the protein levels of Hedgehog, Ptch, Smo, Gli, P13k, Akt, HMGB1, TLR4, IkB-α, p-IkB-α, and NF-kB65 were evaluated via Western blot analysis. The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, IL-12, and ICAM-1 were determined via ELISA. TLR4 and NF-κBp65 activity and the levels of DNA-bound NF-KB65 and TLR4 in LPS/D-GalN-induced liver tissues were also determined. We recorded the time of death, plotted the survival curve, and calculated the liver index. We then observed the pathological changes in liver tissue and detected the levels of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]) in the serum and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and plasma inflammatory factors in the liver homogenate. Afterward, we evaluated the protective effects of S. sarmentosum extracts on acute liver injury in mice. Results Results showed that after S. sarmentosum extract was administered, the expression level of miR-124 increased in liver tissues. However, the protein expression levels of Hedgehog, Ptch, Smo, Gli, P13k, p-Akt, HMGB1, TLR4, p-IκB-α, and NF-κB65 and the mRNA expression levels of Hedgehog, Ptch, Smo, and Gli decreased. The MPO level in the liver, the IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, IL-12, and MMP-9 levels in the plasma, and the serum ALT and AST levels also decreased, thereby reducing LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury and improving the survival rate of liver-damaged animals within 24 h. Conclusions S. sarmentosum extract can alleviate LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury in mice and improve the survival rate of mice. The mechanism may be related to the increase in miR-124 expression, decrease in Hedgehog and HMGB1 signaling pathway activities, and reduction in inflammatory responses in the liver. Hedgehog is a regulatory target for miR-124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hao
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Panlong District, 245 Renmin East Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wu Hua District, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Song-Tao Gu
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Panlong District, 245 Renmin East Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Panlong District, 245 Renmin East Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Panlong District, 245 Renmin East Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Panlong District, 245 Renmin East Road, Kunming, 650051, China.
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Grund-Gröschke S, Stockmaier G, Aberger F. Hedgehog/GLI signaling in tumor immunity - new therapeutic opportunities and clinical implications. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:172. [PMID: 31878932 PMCID: PMC6933925 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled activation of the Hedgehog/Glioma-associated oncogene (HH/GLI) pathway is a potent oncogenic driver signal promoting numerous cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis and metabolic rewiring. Several HH pathway inhibitors have already been approved for medical therapy of advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia with partially impressive therapeutic activity. However, de novo and acquired resistance as well as severe side effects and unexplained lack of therapeutic efficacy are major challenges that urgently call for improved treatment options with more durable responses. The recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy have changed our current understanding of targeted therapy and opened up promising therapeutic opportunities including combinations of selective cancer pathway and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although HH/GLI signaling has been intensely studied with respect to the classical hallmarks of cancer, its role in the modulation of the anti-tumoral immune response has only become evident in recent studies. These have uncovered HH/GLI regulated immunosuppressive mechanisms such as enhanced regulatory T-cell formation and production of immunosuppressive cytokines. In light of these exciting novel data on oncogenic HH/GLI signaling in immune cross-talk and modulation, we summarize and connect in this review the existing knowledge from different HH-related cancers and chronic inflammatory diseases. This is to provide a basis for the investigation and evaluation of novel treatments combining immunotherapeutic strategies with approved as well as next-generation HH/GLI inhibitors. Further, we also critically discuss recent studies demonstrating a possible negative impact of current HH/GLI pathway inhibitors on the anti-tumoral immune response, which may explain some of the disappointing results of several oncological trials with anti-HH drugs. Video abstract. (9500 kb)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grund-Gröschke
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse, 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Stockmaier
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse, 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse, 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Fu Z, Shen Y, Lin L, Chen Y, Li Y, Que R. Association between Toll-Like Receptor 4 T399I Gene Polymorphism and the Susceptibility to Crohn's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Digestion 2018; 97:250-259. [PMID: 29421805 DOI: 10.1159/000485027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This article was undertaken to investigate the association of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphism (Thr399Ile) and risk of Crohn's disease (CD) by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS Articles were chosen based on PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet, and Chinese Wanfang databases (up to 12th October 2016). Specific inclusion criteria were used to evaluate articles. Meta-analysis was performed by using a random or fixed effect model. Fifteen eligible case-control studies were finally included into this meta-analysis. We estimated the summary OR with its corresponding 95% CI to assess the association. RESULTS Summary results of this meta-analysis showed a moderate association between the TLR4 T399I polymorphism and the risk of CD (allele model: OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.50, p = 0.009; heterozygote model: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.66, p = 0.003; dominant model: OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10-1.64, p = 0.004; homozygote model: OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.44-2.64, p = 0.866; recessive model: OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.40-2.35, p = 0.946). Stratified analysis on geographical area, ethnicity, and genotypic methods suggested that the polymorphism was associated with increased risk of CD in Asia and Asians, and "T" allele only moderately increased CD risk within polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggests that TLR4 T399I polymorphism is moderately associated with susceptibility to CD, and more studies are needed to confirm our conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liubing Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yirong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renye Que
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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