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Novoa-Aponte L, Argüello JM. Unique underlying principles shaping copper homeostasis networks. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:509-528. [PMID: 35802193 PMCID: PMC9470648 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Copper is essential in cells as a cofactor for key redox enzymes. Bacteria have acquired molecular components that sense, uptake, distribute, and expel copper ensuring that cuproenzymes are metallated and steady-state metal levels are maintained. Toward preventing deleterious reactions, proteins bind copper ions with high affinities and transfer the metal via ligand exchange, warranting that copper ions are always complexed. Consequently, the directional copper distribution within cell compartments and across cell membranes requires specific dynamic interactions and metal exchange between cognate holo-apo protein partners. These metal exchange reactions are determined by thermodynamic and kinetics parameters and influenced by mass action. Then, copper distribution can be conceptualized as a molecular system of singular interacting elements that maintain a physiological copper homeostasis. This review focuses on the impact of copper high-affinity binding and exchange reactions on the homeostatic mechanisms, the conceptual models to describe the cell as a homeostatic system, the various molecule functions that contribute to copper homeostasis, and the alternative system architectures responsible for copper homeostasis in model bacteria. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Novoa-Aponte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Genetics and Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - José M Argüello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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2
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Huang HH, Stillman TJ, Branham LA, Williams SC. The Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Porcine Islet Insulin Secretion. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:395-401. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hung Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Angelo State University, Member, Texas Tech University System, San Angelo, Texas, USA
| | - Tori J. Stillman
- Department of Agriculture, and Angelo State University, Member, Texas Tech University System, San Angelo, Texas, USA
| | - Loree A. Branham
- Department of Agriculture, and Angelo State University, Member, Texas Tech University System, San Angelo, Texas, USA
| | - Scott C. Williams
- Department of Physics and Geosciences, Angelo State University, Member, Texas Tech University System, San Angelo, Texas, USA
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3
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Xu C, Yang J, Cao J, Jiang N, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Zhong Q, Fan Y. The quantitative proteomic analysis of rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus, infected with virulent and attenuated isolates of grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:142-151. [PMID: 35219830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ (GCRV II) causes severe hemorrhagic disease in grass carp and affects the aquaculture industry in China. GCRV Ⅱ isolates have been collected from different epidemic areas in China, and these isolates can lead to different degrees of hemorrhagic symptoms in grass carp. Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is widely used as a model fish to study the mechanism of hemorrhagic disease because of its high sensitivity to GCRV. In this study, the protein levels in the spleen of rare minnow after infection with GCRV virulent isolate JZ809 and attenuated isolate XT422 were investigated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics. 109 and 50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the virulent and attenuated infection groups were obtained, respectively, among which 40 DEPs were identified in both groups. Combining protein expression profiling with gene ontology (GO) annotation, the responses of rare minnow to the two genotypes GCRV Ⅱ in terms of upregulated proteins were similar, focusing on ATP synthesis, in which ATP can serve as a "danger" signal to activate an immunoreaction in eukaryotes. Meanwhile, the virulent genotype JZ809 induced more immunoproteins and increased the levels of ubiquitin-proteasome system members to adapt to virus infection. However, together with a persistent and excessive inflammatory response and declining carbon metabolism, rare minnow presented more severe hemorrhagic disease and mortality after infection with virulent JZ809 than with attenuated XT422. The results provide a valuable information that will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of viruses with different levels of virulence and the mechanism of interaction between the virus and host. Furthermore, the 6 proteins that were only significantly upregulated in the XT422 infection group all belonged to cluster 2, and 28 of 30 proteins that were only upregulated in JZ809 infection group were clustered into cluster 1. For the downregulated proteins, all DEPs in the XT422 infection group were clustered into cluster 4, and 25 of 39 proteins that were only significantly downregulated in the JZ809 infection group belonged to cluster 3. The results indicated that the DEPs in the attenuated XT422 infection group might be sensitive and their abundance changed more quickly when fish experienced virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - JiaJia Cao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Qiwang Zhong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Du WGH, Götz AW, Noodleman L. Mössbauer Property Calculations on Fea33+∙∙∙H2O∙∙∙CuB2+ Dinuclear Center Models of the Resting Oxidized as-Isolated Cytochrome c Oxidase. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100831. [PMID: 35142420 PMCID: PMC9054037 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mössbauer isomer shift and quadrupole splitting properties have been calculated using the OLYP‐D3(BJ) density functional method on previously obtained (W.‐G. Han Du, et al., Inorg Chem. 2020, 59, 8906–8915) geometry optimized Fea33+−H2O−CuB2+ dinuclear center (DNC) clusters of the resting oxidized (O state) “as‐isolated” cytochrome c oxidase (CcO). The calculated results are highly consistent with the available experimental observations. The calculations have also shown that the structural heterogeneities of the O state DNCs implicated by the Mössbauer experiments are likely consequences of various factors, particularly the variable positions of the central H2O molecule between the Fea33+ and CuB2+ sites in different DNCs, whether or not this central H2O molecule has H‐bonding interaction with another H2O molecule, the different spin states having similar energies for the Fea33+ sites, and whether the Fea33+ and CuB2+ sites are ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically spin‐coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ge Han Du
- The Scripps Research Institute, Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Louis Noodleman
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Hz112, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037, La Jolla, UNITED STATES
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5
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Piccinini G, Iannello M, Puccio G, Plazzi F, Havird JC, Ghiselli F. Mitonuclear Coevolution, but not Nuclear Compensation, Drives Evolution of OXPHOS Complexes in Bivalves. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:2597-2614. [PMID: 33616640 PMCID: PMC8136519 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Metazoa, four out of five complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are formed by subunits encoded by both the mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear (nuDNA) genomes, leading to the expectation of mitonuclear coevolution. Previous studies have supported coadaptation of mitochondria-encoded (mtOXPHOS) and nuclear-encoded OXPHOS (nuOXPHOS) subunits, often specifically interpreted with regard to the “nuclear compensation hypothesis,” a specific form of mitonuclear coevolution where nuclear genes compensate for deleterious mitochondrial mutations due to less efficient mitochondrial selection. In this study, we analyzed patterns of sequence evolution of 79 OXPHOS subunits in 31 bivalve species, a taxon showing extraordinary mtDNA variability and including species with “doubly uniparental” mtDNA inheritance. Our data showed strong and clear signals of mitonuclear coevolution. NuOXPHOS subunits had concordant topologies with mtOXPHOS subunits, contrary to previous phylogenies based on nuclear genes lacking mt interactions. Evolutionary rates between mt and nuOXPHOS subunits were also highly correlated compared with non-OXPHO-interacting nuclear genes. Nuclear subunits of chimeric OXPHOS complexes (I, III, IV, and V) also had higher dN/dS ratios than Complex II, which is formed exclusively by nuDNA-encoded subunits. However, we did not find evidence of nuclear compensation: mitochondria-encoded subunits showed similar dN/dS ratios compared with nuclear-encoded subunits, contrary to most previously studied bilaterian animals. Moreover, no site-specific signals of compensatory positive selection were detected in nuOXPHOS genes. Our analyses extend the evidence for mitonuclear coevolution to a new taxonomic group, but we propose a reconsideration of the nuclear compensation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piccinini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariangela Iannello
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Puccio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Plazzi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Justin C Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Fabrizio Ghiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Cologgi DL, Otwell AE, Speers AM, Rotondo JA, Reguera G. Genetic analysis of electroactive biofilms. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:631-648. [PMID: 33907940 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Geobacter biofilms synthesize an electroactive exopolysaccharide matrix with conductive pili and c-cytochromes that spatially organizes cells optimally for growth and electron transport to iron oxide substrates, soluble metal contaminants, and current-harvesting electrodes. Despite its relevance to bioremediation and bioenergy applications, little is known about the developmental stages leading to the formation of mature (>20 μm thick) electroactive biofilms. Thus, we developed a transposon mutagenesis method and a high-throughput screening assay and identified mutants of Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA interrupted in the initial stages of surface colonization (attachment and monolayer formation) and the vertical growth and maturation of multilayered biofilms. The molecular dissection of biofilm formation demonstrated that cells undergo a regulated developmental program to first colonize the surface to saturation and then synthesize an electroactive matrix to support optimal cell growth within structured communities. Transitioning from a monolayer to a multilayered, mature biofilm required the expression of conductive pili, consistent with the essential role of these extracellular protein appendages as electronic conduits across all layers of the biofilms. The genetic screening also identified cell envelope processes, regulatory pathways, and electron transport components not previously linked to biofilm formation. These genes provide much-needed understanding of the cellular reprogramming needed to build electroactive biofilms. Importantly, they serve as predictive markers of the physiology and reductive capacity of Geobacter biofilms during the bioremediation of toxic metals and radionuclides and current harvesting in bioelectrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena L Cologgi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anne E Otwell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Present address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Allison M Speers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - John A Rotondo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gemma Reguera
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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7
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Noodleman L, Han Du WG, McRee D, Chen Y, Goh T, Götz AW. Coupled transport of electrons and protons in a bacterial cytochrome c oxidase-DFT calculated properties compared to structures and spectroscopies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 22:26652-26668. [PMID: 33231596 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04848h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
After a general introduction to the features and mechanisms of cytochrome c oxidases (CcOs) in mitochondria and aerobic bacteria, we present DFT calculated physical and spectroscopic properties for the catalytic reaction cycle compared with experimental observations in bacterial ba3 type CcO, also with comparisons/contrasts to aa3 type CcOs. The Dinuclear Complex (DNC) is the active catalytic reaction center, containing a heme a3 Fe center and a near lying Cu center (called CuB) where by successive reduction and protonation, molecular O2 is transformed to two H2O molecules, and protons are pumped from an inner region across the membrane to an outer region by transit through the CcO integral membrane protein. Structures, energies and vibrational frequencies for Fe-O and O-O modes are calculated by DFT over the catalytic cycle. The calculated DFT frequencies in the DNC of CcO are compared with measured frequencies from Resonance Raman spectroscopy to clarify the composition, geometry, and electronic structures of different intermediates through the reaction cycle, and to trace reaction pathways. X-ray structures of the resting oxidized state are analyzed with reference to the known experimental reaction chemistry and using DFT calculated structures in fitting observed electron density maps. Our calculations lead to a new proposed reaction pathway for coupling the PR → F → OH (ferryl-oxo → ferric-hydroxo) pathway to proton pumping by a water shift mechanism. Through this arc of the catalytic cycle, major shifts in pKa's of the special tyrosine and a histidine near the upper water pool activate proton transfer. Additional mechanisms for proton pumping are explored, and the role of the CuB+ (cuprous state) in controlling access to the dinuclear reaction site is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Noodleman
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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8
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Andrei A, Öztürk Y, Khalfaoui-Hassani B, Rauch J, Marckmann D, Trasnea PI, Daldal F, Koch HG. Cu Homeostasis in Bacteria: The Ins and Outs. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E242. [PMID: 32962054 PMCID: PMC7558416 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for all living organisms and used as cofactor in key enzymes of important biological processes, such as aerobic respiration or superoxide dismutation. However, due to its toxicity, cells have developed elaborate mechanisms for Cu homeostasis, which balance Cu supply for cuproprotein biogenesis with the need to remove excess Cu. This review summarizes our current knowledge on bacterial Cu homeostasis with a focus on Gram-negative bacteria and describes the multiple strategies that bacteria use for uptake, storage and export of Cu. We furthermore describe general mechanistic principles that aid the bacterial response to toxic Cu concentrations and illustrate dedicated Cu relay systems that facilitate Cu delivery for cuproenzyme biogenesis. Progress in understanding how bacteria avoid Cu poisoning while maintaining a certain Cu quota for cell proliferation is of particular importance for microbial pathogens because Cu is utilized by the host immune system for attenuating pathogen survival in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Andrei
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.); (Y.O.); (J.R.); (D.M.)
- Fakultät für Biologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yavuz Öztürk
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.); (Y.O.); (J.R.); (D.M.)
| | | | - Juna Rauch
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.); (Y.O.); (J.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Dorian Marckmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.); (Y.O.); (J.R.); (D.M.)
| | | | - Fevzi Daldal
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Hans-Georg Koch
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.); (Y.O.); (J.R.); (D.M.)
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9
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Melin F, Hellwig P. Redox Properties of the Membrane Proteins from the Respiratory Chain. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10244-10297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Melin
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe UMR 7140, Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe UMR 7140, Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
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10
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Pope NJ, Powell SM, Wigle JC, Denton ML. Wavelength- and irradiance-dependent changes in intracellular nitric oxide level. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-20. [PMID: 32790251 PMCID: PMC7423318 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.8.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photobiomodulation (PBM) refers to the beneficial effects of low-energy light absorption. Although there is a large body of literature describing downstream physiological benefits of PBM, there is a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. At present, the most popular hypothesis is that light absorption induces release of nitric oxide (NO) from the active site of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), allowing it to bind O2 instead. This is believed to increase mitochondrial respiration, and result in greater overall health of the cell due to increased adenosine triphosphate production. AIM Although NO itself is a powerful signaling molecule involved in a host of biological responses, less attention has been devoted to NO mechanisms in the context of PBM. The purpose of our work is to investigate wavelength-specific effects on intracellular NO release in living cells. APPROACH We have conducted in-depth dosimetry analyses of NO production and function in an in vitro retinal model in response to low-energy exposure to one or more wavelengths of laser light. RESULTS We found statistically significant wavelength-dependent elevations (10% to 30%) in intracellular NO levels following laser exposures at 447, 532, 635, or 808 nm. Sequential or simultaneous exposures to light at two different wavelengths enhanced the NO modulation up to 50% of unexposed controls. Additionally, the immediate increases in cellular NO levels were independent of the function of NO synthase, depended greatly on the substrate source of electrons entering the electron transport chain, and did not result in increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate. CONCLUSIONS Our study concludes the simple model of light-mediated release of NO from COX is unlikely to explain the wide variety of PBM effects reported in the literature. Our multiwavelength method provides a novel tool for studying immediate and early mechanisms of PBM as well as exploring intracellular NO signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Pope
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Air Force Research Laboratory, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Samantha M. Powell
- National Research Council, Air Force Research Laboratory, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Wigle
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Michael L. Denton
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States
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Changes in Brain Tissue Oxygenation and Metabolism During Rewarming After Neonatal Encephalopathy are Related to Electrical Abnormality. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1232:25-31. [PMID: 31893390 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) leads to significant mortality and morbidity, and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has become a standard of care following HIE. After TH, the body temperature is brought back to 37 °C. Early electroencephalography (EEG) is a reliable outcome biomarker following HIE. We hypothesized that changes in cerebral oxidative metabolism, measured as Δ[oxCCO], in relation to changes in brain tissue oxygenation (measured as Δ[HbD]) during rewarming will correlate with injury severity as evidenced on amplitude integrated EEG/EEG at initial presentation. Broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and systemic data were collected during rewarming from 14 infants following HIE over a mean period of 12.5 h. All infants were monitored with video EEG telemetry using a standard neonatal montage. aEEG and EEG background was classified into mild, moderate and severely abnormal groups based on the background pattern. Two infants had mild, 6 infants had moderate and another 6 infants had severe abnormality at presentation. The relationship between [oxCCO] and [HbD] was evaluated between two groups of infants with abnormal electrical activity (mild vs moderate to severe). A significant difference was noted between the groups in the relationship between [oxCCO] and [HbD] (as r2) (p = 0.02). This result indicates that the mitochondrial injury and deranged oxidative metabolism persists in the moderate to severely abnormal group during rewarming.
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12
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Udagedara SR, Wijekoon CJ, Xiao Z, Wedd AG, Maher MJ. The crystal structure of the CopC protein from Pseudomonas fluorescens reveals amended classifications for the CopC protein family. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 195:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Mitra S, Bale G, Highton D, Gunny R, Uria-Avellanal C, Bainbridge A, Sokolska M, Price D, Huertas-Ceballos A, Kendall GS, Meek J, Tachtsidis I, Robertson NJ. Pressure passivity of cerebral mitochondrial metabolism is associated with poor outcome following perinatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:118-130. [PMID: 28949271 PMCID: PMC6311664 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17733639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Impaired autoregulation after hypoxia-ischaemia has been suggested to contribute further to injury. Thalamic lactate/N-Acetylasperate (Lac/NAA) peak area ratio of > 0.3 on proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is associated with poor neurodevelopment outcome following HIE. Cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO) plays a central role in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and ATP synthesis. Using a novel broadband NIRS system, we investigated the impact of pressure passivity of cerebral metabolism (CCO), oxygenation (haemoglobin difference (HbD)) and cerebral blood volume (total haemoglobin (HbT)) in 23 term infants following HIE during therapeutic hypothermia (HT). Sixty-minute epochs of data from each infant were studied using wavelet analysis at a mean age of 48 h. Wavelet semblance (a measure of phase difference) was calculated to compare reactivity between mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) with oxCCO, HbD and HbT. OxCCO-MABP semblance correlated with thalamic Lac/NAA ( r = 0.48, p = 0.02). OxCCO-MABP semblance also differed between groups of infants with mild to moderate and severe injury measured using brain MRI score ( p = 0.04), thalamic Lac/NAA ( p = 0.04) and neurodevelopmental outcome at one year ( p = 0.04). Pressure passive changes in cerebral metabolism were associated with injury severity indicated by thalamic Lac/NAA, MRI scores and neurodevelopmental assessment at one year of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Mitra
- 1 Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Bale
- 2 Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Highton
- 3 Neurocritical Care, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roxanna Gunny
- 4 Paediatric Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | - Alan Bainbridge
- 5 Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Magdalena Sokolska
- 5 Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Price
- 5 Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Giles S Kendall
- 6 Neonatal Unit, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Judith Meek
- 1 Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- 2 Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Ilyechova EY, Puchkova LV, Shavlovskii MM, Korzhevskii DE, Petrova ES, Tsymbalenko NV. Effect of Silver Ions on Copper Metabolism during Mammalian Ontogenesis. Russ J Dev Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360418030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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González A, Nova E, Del Campo M, Manubens A, De Ioannes A, Ferreira J, Becker MI. The oxygen-binding properties of hemocyanin from the mollusk Concholepas concholepas. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:1746-1757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Comparative biochemistry of cytochrome c oxidase in animals. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 224:170-184. [PMID: 29180239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the electron transport system, is central to aerobic metabolism of animals. Many aspects of its structure and function are highly conserved, yet, paradoxically, it is also an important model for studying the evolution of the metabolic phenotype. In this review, part of a special issue honouring Peter Hochachka, we consider the biology of COX from the perspective of comparative and evolutionary biochemistry. The approach is to consider what is known about the enzyme in the context of conventional biochemistry, but focus on how evolutionary researchers have used this background to explore the role of the enzyme in biochemical adaptation of animals. In synthesizing the conventional and evolutionary biochemistry, we hope to identify synergies and future research opportunities. COX represents a rare opportunity for researchers to design studies that span the breadth of biology: molecular genetics, protein biochemistry, enzymology, metabolic physiology, organismal performance, evolutionary biology, and phylogeography.
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17
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Phan P, Highton D, Brigadoi S, Tachtsidis I, Smith M, Elwell CE. Spatial Distribution of Changes in Oxidised Cytochrome C Oxidase During Visual Stimulation Using Broadband Near Infrared Spectroscopy Imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 923:195-201. [PMID: 27526143 PMCID: PMC6126435 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-38810-6_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional hyperaemia, characterised as an increase in concentration of oxyhaemoglobin [HbO2] and a decrease in concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin [HHb] in response to neuronal activity, can be precisely mapped using diffuse optical spectroscopy. However, such techniques do not directly measure changes in metabolic activity during neuronal activation. Changes in the redox state of cerebral oxidised cytochrome c oxidase Δ[oxCCO] measured by broadband spectroscopy may be a more specific marker of neuronal metabolic activity. This study aims to investigate the spatial distribution of Δ[oxCCO] responses during the activation of the visual cortex in the healthy adult human brain, and reconstruct images of these changes. Multi-channel broadband NIRS measurements were collected from the left visual cortex of four healthy volunteers using an in-house broadband spectrometer during an inverting checkerboard visual stimulation paradigm. Δ[HbO2], Δ[HHb] and Δ[oxCCO] were calculated by fitting the broadband spectra between 780 and 900 nm using the UCLn algorithm. Centre of gravity analysis was applied to the concentration data to determine the centres of activation for [HbO2], [HHb] and [oxCCO]. All four subjects showed similar changes in [oxCCO] in the presence of a typical visual-evoked haemodynamic response in channels overlying the visual cortex. Image reconstruction of the optical data showed a clear and spatially localized activation for all three chromophores. Centre of gravity analysis showed different localisation of the changes in each of the three chromophores across the visual cortex with the x-y coordinates of the mean centres of gravity (across 4 subjects) of HbO2, HHb and oxCCO at (63.1 mm; 24.8 mm), (56.2 mm; 21.0 mm) and (63.7 mm; 23.8 mm), respectively. The spatial distribution of Δ[oxCCO] response appears distinct from the haemodynamic response in the human visual cortex. Image reconstruction of Δ[oxCCO] shows considerable promise as a technique to visualise regional variation in [oxCCO] in a range of scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Phan
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | - D Highton
- Neurocritical Care, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - S Brigadoi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - I Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Smith
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Neurocritical Care, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - C E Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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18
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Alvarez-Paggi D, Hannibal L, Castro MA, Oviedo-Rouco S, Demicheli V, Tórtora V, Tomasina F, Radi R, Murgida DH. Multifunctional Cytochrome c: Learning New Tricks from an Old Dog. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13382-13460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department
of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María A. Castro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Santiago Oviedo-Rouco
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Veronica Demicheli
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Veronica Tórtora
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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19
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Abstract
Oxidative cyclizations are important transformations that occur widely during natural product biosynthesis. The transformations from acyclic precursors to cyclized products can afford morphed scaffolds, structural rigidity, and biological activities. Some of the most dramatic structural alterations in natural product biosynthesis occur through oxidative cyclization. In this Review, we examine the different strategies used by nature to create new intra(inter)molecular bonds via redox chemistry. This Review will cover both oxidation- and reduction-enabled cyclization mechanisms, with an emphasis on the former. Radical cyclizations catalyzed by P450, nonheme iron, α-KG-dependent oxygenases, and radical SAM enzymes are discussed to illustrate the use of molecular oxygen and S-adenosylmethionine to forge new bonds at unactivated sites via one-electron manifolds. Nonradical cyclizations catalyzed by flavin-dependent monooxygenases and NAD(P)H-dependent reductases are covered to show the use of two-electron manifolds in initiating cyclization reactions. The oxidative installations of epoxides and halogens into acyclic scaffolds to drive subsequent cyclizations are separately discussed as examples of "disappearing" reactive handles. Last, oxidative rearrangement of rings systems, including contractions and expansions, will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Cheng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Christopher T. Walsh
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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20
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Melin F, Xie H, Meyer T, Ahn YO, Gennis RB, Michel H, Hellwig P. The unusual redox properties of C-type oxidases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1892-1899. [PMID: 27664317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome cbb3 (also known as C-type) oxidases belong to the family of heme-copper terminal oxidases which couple at the end of the respiratory chain the reduction of molecular oxygen into water and the pumping of protons across the membrane. They are expressed most often at low pressure of O2 and they exhibit a low homology of sequence with the cytochrome aa3 (A-type) oxidases found in mitochondria. Their binuclear active site comprises a high-spin heme b3 associated with a CuB center. The protein also contains one low-spin heme b and 3 hemes c. We address here the redox properties of cbb3 oxidases from three organisms, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas stutzeri by means of electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. We show that the redox potential of the heme b3 exhibits a relatively low midpoint potential, as in related cytochrome c-dependent nitric oxide reductases. Potential implications for the coupled electron transfer and proton uptake mechanism of C-type oxidases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Melin
- Laboratoire de Bioélectrochimie et Spectroscopie, Chimie de la Matière Complexe, UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hao Xie
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Laboratoire de Bioélectrochimie et Spectroscopie, Chimie de la Matière Complexe, UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Young Ok Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA
| | - Robert B Gennis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA
| | - Hartmut Michel
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratoire de Bioélectrochimie et Spectroscopie, Chimie de la Matière Complexe, UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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21
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Letuta UG, Berdinskii VL. Enzymatic mechanisms of biological magnetic sensitivity: nuclear spin effects. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Mitra S, Bale G, Meek J, Uria-Avellanal C, Robertson NJ, Tachtsidis I. Relationship Between Cerebral Oxygenation and Metabolism During Rewarming in Newborn Infants After Therapeutic Hypothermia Following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 923:245-251. [PMID: 27526150 PMCID: PMC6126425 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-38810-6_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has become a standard of care following hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). After TH, body temperature is brought back to 37 °C over 14 h. Lactate/N-acetylasperatate (Lac/NAA) peak area ratio on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) is the best available outcome biomarker following HIE. We hypothesized that broadband near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measured changes in the oxidation state of cytochrome-c-oxidase concentration (Δ[oxCCO]) and cerebral hemodynamics during rewarming would relate to Lac/NAA. Broadband NIRS and systemic data were collected during rewarming from 14 infants following HIE over a mean period of 12.5 h. (1)H MRS was performed on day 5-9. Heart rate increased by 20/min during rewarming while blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) remained stable. The relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and oxygenation (measured as Δ[oxCCO] and Δ[HbD], respectively) was calculated by linear regression analysis. This was reviewed in three groups: Lac/NAA values <0.5, 0.5-1, >1. Mean regression coefficient (r (2)) values in these groups were 0.41 (±0.27), 0.22 (±0.21) and 0.01, respectively. The relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and oxygenation became impaired with rising Lac/NAA. Cardiovascular parameters remained stable during rewarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Mitra
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bInstitute for Women’s Health, University College London and Neonatal Unit, University College London Hospitals Trust, London, UK
| | - Gemma Bale
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bBiomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Judith Meek
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bInstitute for Women’s Health, University College London and Neonatal Unit, University College London Hospitals Trust, London, UK
| | - Cristina Uria-Avellanal
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bInstitute for Women’s Health, University College London and Neonatal Unit, University College London Hospitals Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicola J. Robertson
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bInstitute for Women’s Health, University College London and Neonatal Unit, University College London Hospitals Trust, London, UK
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bBiomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Meshcheryakova OV, Churova MV, Veselov AE, Nemova NN. Activities of cytochrome c oxidase and mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase isozymes and Cox1, Cox2, Cox4, and Cox6 gene subunit expression in cold adaptation of Salmo trutta L. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Trasnea PI, Utz M, Khalfaoui-Hassani B, Lagies S, Daldal F, Koch HG. Cooperation between two periplasmic copper chaperones is required for full activity of the cbb3 -type cytochrome c oxidase and copper homeostasis in Rhodobacter capsulatus. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:345-61. [PMID: 26718481 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient that functions as a cofactor in several important enzymes, such as respiratory heme-copper oxygen reductases. Yet, Cu is also toxic and therefore cells engage a highly coordinated Cu uptake and delivery system to prevent the accumulation of toxic Cu concentrations. In this study, we analyzed Cu delivery to the cbb3 -type cytochrome c oxidase (cbb3 -Cox) of Rhodobacter capsulatus. We identified the PCuA C-like periplasmic chaperone PccA and analyzed its contribution to cbb3 -Cox assembly. Our data demonstrate that PccA is a Cu-binding protein with a preference for Cu(I), which is required for efficient cbb3 -Cox assembly, in particular, at low Cu concentrations. By using in vivo and in vitro cross-linking, we show that PccA forms a complex with the Sco1-homologue SenC. This complex is stabilized in the absence of the cbb3 -Cox-specific assembly factors CcoGHIS. In cells lacking SenC, the cytoplasmic Cu content is significantly increased, but the simultaneous absence of PccA prevents this Cu accumulation. These data demonstrate that the interplay between PccA and SenC not only is required for Cu delivery during cbb3 -Cox assembly but also regulates Cu homeostasis in R. capsulatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru-Iulian Trasnea
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Fakultät für Biologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Utz
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Simon Lagies
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fevzi Daldal
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hans-Georg Koch
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Sunarti, Kusuma RJ, Luglio HF. Dioscorea esculenta increase cytochrome c oxidase 1 expression and adenosine triphosphate in diabetic rats. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-150047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rio Jati Kusuma
- Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas GadjahMada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Harry Freitag Luglio
- Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas GadjahMada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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26
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Zatulovskaia YA, Ilyechova EY, Puchkova LV. The Features of Copper Metabolism in the Rat Liver during Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140797. [PMID: 26474410 PMCID: PMC4608700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong interest in copper homeostasis is due to the fact that copper is simultaneously a catalytic co-factor of the vital enzymes, a participant in signaling, and a toxic agent provoking oxidative stress. In mammals, during development copper metabolism is conformed to two types. In embryonic type copper metabolism (ETCM), newborns accumulate copper to high level in the liver because its excretion via bile is blocked; and serum copper concentration is low because ceruloplasmin (the main copper-containing protein of plasma) gene expression is repressed. In the late weaning, the ETCM switches to the adult type copper metabolism (ATCM), which is manifested by the unlocking of copper excretion and the induction of ceruloplasmin gene activity. The considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of copper metabolic turnover in the ATCM, but many aspects of the copper homeostasis in the ETCM remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the copper metabolism during transition from the ETCM (up to 12-days-old) to the ATCM in the rats. It was shown that in the liver, copper was accumulated in the nuclei during the first 5 days of life, and then it was re-located to the mitochondria. In parallel with the mitochondria, copper bulk bound with cytosolic metallothionein was increased. All compartments of the liver cells rapidly lost most of their copper on the 13th day of life. In newborns, serum copper concentration was low, and its major fraction was associated with holo-Cp, however, a small portion of copper was bound to extracellular metallothionein and a substance that was slowly eluted during gel-filtration. In adults, serum copper concentration increased by about a factor of 3, while metallothionein-bound copper level decreased by a factor of 2. During development, the expression level of Cp, Sod1, Cox4i1, Atp7b, Ctr1, Ctr2, Cox17, and Ccs genes was significantly increased, and metallothionein was decreased. Atp7a gene’s activity was fully repressed. The copper routes in newborns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Zatulovskaia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology, and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Y Ilyechova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology, and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of trace element metabolism, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Puchkova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology, and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of trace element metabolism, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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27
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Zhang F, Broughton RE. Heterogeneous natural selection on oxidative phosphorylation genes among fishes with extreme high and low aerobic performance. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:173. [PMID: 26306407 PMCID: PMC4549853 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the primary source of ATP in eukaryotes and serves as a mechanistic link between variation in genotypes and energetic phenotypes. While several physiological and anatomical factors may lead to increased aerobic capacity, variation in OXPHOS proteins may influence OXPHOS efficiency and facilitate adaptation in organisms with varied energy demands. Although there is evidence that natural selection acts on OXPHOS genes, the focus has been on detection of directional (positive) selection on specific phylogenetic branches where traits that increase energetic demands appear to have evolved. We examined patterns of selection in a broader evolutionary context, i.e., on multiple lineages of fishes with extreme high and low aerobic performance. Results We found that patterns of natural selection on mitochondrial OXPHOS genes are complex among fishes with different swimming performance. Positive selection is not consistently associated with high performance taxa and appears to be strongest on lineages containing low performance taxa. In contrast, within high performance lineages, purifying (negative) selection appears to predominate. Conclusions We provide evidence that selection on OXPHOS varies in both form and intensity within and among lineages through evolutionary time. These results provide evidence for fluctuating selection on OXPHOS associated with divergence in aerobic performance. However, in contrast to previous studies, positive selection was strongest on low performance taxa suggesting that adaptation of OXPHOS involves many factors beyond enhancing ATP production in high performance taxa. The broader pattern indicates a complex interplay between organismal adaptations, ATP demand, and OXPHOS function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0453-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 111 E Chesapeake Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Richard E Broughton
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 111 E Chesapeake Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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28
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Schadauer F, Geiss AF, Srajer J, Siebenhofer B, Frank P, Reiner-Rozman C, Ludwig B, Richter OMH, Nowak C, Naumann RLC. Silica nanoparticles for the oriented encapsulation of membrane proteins into artificial bilayer lipid membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2511-2516. [PMID: 25670233 DOI: 10.1021/la504417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An artificial bilayer lipid membrane system is presented, featuring the oriented encapsulation of membrane proteins in a functionally active form. Nickel nitrilo-triacetic acid-functionalized silica nanoparticles, of a diameter of around 25 nm, are used to attach the proteins via a genetically engineered histidine tag in a uniform orientation. Subsequently, the proteins are reconstituted within a phospholipid bilayer, formed around the particles by in situ dialysis to form so-called proteo-lipobeads (PLBs). With a final size of about 50 nm, the PLBs can be employed for UV/vis spectroscopy studies, particularly of multiredox center proteins, because the effects of light scattering are negligible. As a proof of concept, we use cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) from P. denitrificans with the his tag genetically engineered to subunit I. In this orientation, the P side of CcO is directed to the outside and hence electron transfer can be initiated by reduced cytochrome c (cc). UV/vis measurements are used in order to determine the occupancy by CcO molecules encapsulated in the lipid bilayer as well as the kinetics of electron transfer between CcO and cc. The kinetic data are analyzed in terms of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics showing that the turnover rate of CcO is significantly decreased compared to that of solubilized protein, whereas the binding characteristics are improved. The data demonstrate the suitability of PLBs for functional cell-free bioassays of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schadauer
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , AIT, Donau-City Str. 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
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29
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A new enabling proteomics methodology to investigate membrane associated proteins from parasitic nematodes: case study using ivermectin resistant and ivermectin susceptible isolates of Caenorhabditis elegans and Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2014; 207:266-75. [PMID: 25537855 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in anthelmintic resistance (AR) are complex but a greater understanding of AR management is essential for effective and sustainable control of parasitic helminth worms in livestock. Current tests to measure AR are time consuming and can be technically problematic, gold standard diagnostics are therefore urgently required to assist in combatting the threat from drug resistant parasites. For anthelmintics such as ivermectin (IVM), target proteins may be present in the cellular membrane. As proteins usually act in complexes and not in isolation, AR may develop and be measurable in the target associated proteins present in the parasite membrane. The model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used to develop a sub-proteomic assay to measure protein expression differences, between IVM resistant and IVM susceptible isolates in the presence and absence of drug challenge. Evaluation of detergents including CHAPS, ASB-14, C7BzO, Triton ×100 and TBP (tributyl phosphine) determined optimal conditions for the resolution of membrane proteins in Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2DE). These sub-proteomic methodologies were then translated and evaluated using IVM-susceptible and IVM-resistant Haemonchus contortus; a pathogenic blood feeding parasitic nematode which is of global importance in livestock health, welfare and productivity. We have demonstrated the successful resolution of membrane associated proteins from both C. elegans and H. contortus isolates, using a combination of CHAPS and the zwitterionic amphiphilic surfactant ASB-14 to further support the detection of markers for AR.
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Gurumoorthy P, Ludwig B. Deciphering protein-protein interactions during the biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans. FEBS J 2014; 282:537-49. [PMID: 25420759 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is a complex process due to its numerous subunits encoded by two genomes, as well as the localization of redox centers deep within the membrane. Here, we have assessed the biogenesis of the homologous aa₃-type oxidase of the soil bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans. First, protein partners were analyzed using various membrane solubilization strategies to show interactions between COX and CtaG, a chaperone implicated in CuB site metallation. Using an unbiased MS approach after immunological pull-down from untreated or cross-linked membranes, we then extend our view towards a hypothetical 'biogenesis complex' by identifying two further metal-inserting chaperones, Surf1c and Sco, together with enzymes catalyzing heme a synthesis. Our study also tentatively supports previous speculation regarding the existence of a predominantly co-translational mechanism for cofactor insertion during COX biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gurumoorthy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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31
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Morrill GA, Kostellow AB, Gupta RK. The pore-lining regions in cytochrome c oxidases: A computational analysis of caveolin, cholesterol and transmembrane helix contributions to proton movement. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2838-51. [PMID: 25037006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is the terminal enzyme in the electron transfer chain. CcO catalyzes a four electron reduction of O2 to water at a catalytic site formed by high-spin heme (a3) and copper atoms (CuB). While it is recognized that proton movement is coupled to oxygen reduction, the proton channel(s) have not been well defined. Using computational methods developed to study protein topology, membrane channels and 3D packing arrangements within transmembrane (TM) helix arrays, we find that subunit-1 (COX-1), subunit-2 (COX-2) and subunit-3 (COX-3) contribute 139, 46 and 25 residues, respectively, to channel formation between the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space. Nine of 12 TM helices in COX-1, both helices in COX-2 and 5 of the 6 TM helices in COX-3 are pore-lining regions (possible channel formers). Heme a3 and the CuB sites (as well as the CuA center of COX-2) are located within the channel that includes TM-6, TM-7, TM-10 and TM-11 of COX-1 and are associated with multiple cholesterol and caveolin-binding (CB) motifs. Sequence analysis identifies five CB motifs within COX-1, two within COX-2 and four within COX-3; each caveolin containing a pore-lining helix C-terminal to a TM helix-turn-helix. Channel formation involves interaction between multiple pore-lining regions within protein subunits and/or dimers. PoreWalker analysis lends support to the D-channel model of proton translocation. Under physiological conditions, caveolins may introduce channel formers juxtaposed to those in COX-1, COX-2 and COX-3, which together with cholesterol may form channel(s) essential for proton translocation through the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene A Morrill
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.
| | - Adele B Kostellow
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Raj K Gupta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
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Ilyechova EY, Saveliev AN, Skvortsov AN, Babich PS, Zatulovskaia YA, Pliss MG, Korzhevskii DE, Tsymbalenko NV, Puchkova LV. The effects of silver ions on copper metabolism in rats. Metallomics 2014; 6:1970-87. [PMID: 25008154 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The influence of short and prolonged diet containing silver ions (Ag-diet) on copper metabolism was studied. Two groups of animals were used: one group of adult rats received a Ag-diet for one month (Ag-A1) and another group received a Ag-diet for 6 months from birth (Ag-N6). In Ag-A1 rats, the Ag-diet caused a dramatic decrease of copper status indexes that was manifested as ceruloplasmin-associated copper deficiency. In Ag-N6 rats, copper status indexes decreased only 2-fold as compared to control rats. In rats of both groups, silver entered the bloodstream and accumulated in the liver. Silver was incorporated into ceruloplasmin (Cp), but not SOD1. In the liver, a prolonged Ag-diet caused a decrease of the expression level of genes, associated with copper metabolism. Comparative spectrophotometric analysis of partially purified Cp fractions has shown that Cp from Ag-N6 rats was closer to holo-Cp by specific enzymatic activities and tertiary structure than Cp from Ag-A1 rats. However, Cp of Ag-N6 differs from control holo-Cp and Cp of Ag-A1 in its affinity to DEAE-Sepharose and in its binding properties to lectins. In the bloodstream of Ag-N6, two Cp forms are present as shown in pulse-experiments on rats with the liver isolated from circulation. One of the Cp isoforms is of hepatic origin, and the other is of extrahepatic origin; the latter is characterized by a faster rate of secretion than hepatic Cp. These data allowed us to suggest that the disturbance of holo-Cp formation in the liver was compensated by induction of extrahepatic Cp synthesis. The possible biological importance of these effects is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Ilyechova
- Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlova str., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia.
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Pei J, Li W, Kinch LN, Grishin NV. Conserved evolutionary units in the heme-copper oxidase superfamily revealed by novel homologous protein families. Protein Sci 2014; 23:1220-34. [PMID: 24931479 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The heme-copper oxidase (HCO) superfamily includes HCOs in aerobic respiratory chains and nitric oxide reductases (NORs) in the denitrification pathway. The HCO/NOR catalytic subunit has a core structure consisting of 12 transmembrane helices (TMHs) arranged in three-fold rotational pseudosymmetry, with six conserved histidines for heme and metal binding. Using sensitive sequence similarity searches, we detected a number of novel HCO/NOR homologs and named them HCO Homology (HCOH) proteins. Several HCOH families possess only four TMHs that exhibit the most pronounced similarity to the last four TMHs (TMHs 9-12) of HCOs/NORs. Encoded by independent genes, four-TMH HCOH proteins represent a single evolutionary unit (EU) that relates to each of the three homologous EUs of HCOs/NORs comprising TMHs 1-4, TMHs 5-8, and TMHs 9-12. Single-EU HCOH proteins could form homotrimers or heterotrimers to maintain the general structure and ligand-binding sites defined by the HCO/NOR catalytic subunit fold. The remaining HCOH families, including NnrS, have 12-TMHs and three EUs. Most three-EU HCOH proteins possess two conserved histidines and could bind a single heme. Limited experimental studies and genomic context analysis suggest that many HCOH proteins could function in the denitrification pathway and in detoxification of reactive molecules such as nitric oxide. HCO/NOR catalytic subunits exhibit remarkable structural similarity to the homotrimers of MAPEG (membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism) proteins. Gene duplication, fusion, and fission likely play important roles in the evolution of HCOs/NORs and HCOH proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Pei
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390
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Noodleman L, Han Du WG, Fee J, Götz AW, Walker RC. Linking chemical electron-proton transfer to proton pumping in cytochrome c oxidase: broken-symmetry DFT exploration of intermediates along the catalytic reaction pathway of the iron-copper dinuclear complex. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6458-72. [PMID: 24960612 PMCID: PMC4095914 DOI: 10.1021/ic500363h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
After a summary of the problem of coupling electron and proton transfer to proton pumping in cytochrome c oxidase, we present the results of our earlier and recent density functional theory calculations for the dinuclear Fe-a3-CuB reaction center in this enzyme. A specific catalytic reaction wheel diagram is constructed from the calculations, based on the structures and relative energies of the intermediate states of the reaction cycle. A larger family of tautomers/protonation states is generated compared to our earlier work, and a new lowest-energy pathway is proposed. The entire reaction cycle is calculated for the new smaller model (about 185-190 atoms), and two selected arcs of the wheel are chosen for calculations using a larger model (about 205 atoms). We compare the structural and redox energetics and protonation calculations with available experimental data. The reaction cycle map that we have built is positioned for further improvement and testing against experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Noodleman
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, TPC15, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Wen-Ge Han Du
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, TPC15, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - James
A. Fee
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, TPC15, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andreas W. Götz
- San Diego Supercomputer
Center and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0505, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ross C. Walker
- San Diego Supercomputer
Center and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0505, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Zhang F, Broughton RE. Mitochondrial-nuclear interactions: compensatory evolution or variable functional constraint among vertebrate oxidative phosphorylation genes? Genome Biol Evol 2014; 5:1781-91. [PMID: 23995460 PMCID: PMC3814189 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the major energy-producing pathway in aerobic organisms, includes protein subunits encoded by both mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear (nu) genomes. How these independent genomes have coevolved is a long-standing question in evolutionary biology. Although mt genes evolve faster than most nu genes, maintenance of OXPHOS structural stability and functional efficiency may involve correlated evolution of mt and nu OXPHOS genes. The nu OXPHOS genes might be predicted to exhibit accelerated evolutionary rates to accommodate the elevated substitution rates of mt OXPHOS subunits with which they interact. Evolutionary rates of nu OXPHOS genes should, therefore, be higher than that of nu genes that are not involved in OXPHOS (nu non-OXPHOS). We tested the compensatory evolution hypothesis by comparing the evolutionary rates (synonymous substitution rate dS and nonsynonymous substitution rate dN) among 13 mt OXPHOS genes, 60 nu OXPHOS genes, and 77 nu non-OXPHOS genes in vertebrates (7 fish and 40 mammal species). The results from a combined analysis of all OXPHOS subunits fit the predictions of the hypothesis. However, results from two OXPHOS complexes did not fit this pattern when analyzed separately. We found that the d(N) of nu OXPHOS genes for "core" subunits (those involved in the major catalytic activity) was lower than that of "noncore" subunits, whereas there was no significant difference in d(N) between genes for nu non-OXPHOS and core subunits. This latter finding suggests that compensatory changes play a minor role in the evolution of OXPHOS genes and that the observed accelerated nu substitution rates are due largely to reduced functional constraint on noncore subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma
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Liu J, Chakraborty S, Hosseinzadeh P, Yu Y, Tian S, Petrik I, Bhagi A, Lu Y. Metalloproteins containing cytochrome, iron-sulfur, or copper redox centers. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4366-469. [PMID: 24758379 PMCID: PMC4002152 DOI: 10.1021/cr400479b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Igor Petrik
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ambika Bhagi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Klichko V, Sohal BH, Radyuk SN, Orr WC, Sohal RS. Decrease in cytochrome c oxidase reserve capacity diminishes robustness of Drosophila melanogaster and shortens lifespan. Biochem J 2014; 459:127-35. [PMID: 24444354 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic effects of under- and over-expression of CcO (cytochrome c oxidase) regulatory subunits IV and Vb were examined in Drosophila melanogaster in order to test further the hypothesis that suppression of the activities of mitochondrial ETC (electron-transport chain) oxidoreductases retards the aging process and extends lifespan. Underexpression of both CcO subunits, induced by RNAi, resulted in decreases in the respective mRNA and protein levels, CcO holoenzyme activity, rate of mitochondrial respiration, walking speed and the lifespan of fruitflies. Overexpression of CcO IV or Vb in young fruitflies increased the amount of mRNA, but had no effect on the protein level or CcO catalytic activity. On the other hand, in older fruitflies, overexpression of CcO Vb, but not CcO IV, elevated the mRNA and protein amounts as well as the CcO holoenzyme activity, thereby preventing the typical age-related decline in CcO activity. Nevertheless, lifespans of the fruitflies overexpressing CcO IV or Vb were neither extended nor shortened. Our results demonstrate that: (i) the suppression of CcO function exerts deleterious rather than benign effects on fitness and survival, and (ii) the structure/function of CcO, an ETC oxidoreductase, can be 're-engineered' in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Klichko
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, U.S.A
| | - Barbara H Sohal
- †Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A
| | - Svetlana N Radyuk
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, U.S.A
| | - William C Orr
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, U.S.A
| | - Rajindar S Sohal
- †Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A
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Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes in Mitochondria. THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF BIOLOGICAL ENERGY GENERATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8742-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Wu YH, Wu TM, Hong CY, Wang YS, Yen JH. Screening differentially expressed genes in an amphipod (Hyalella azteca) exposed to fungicide vinclozolin by suppression subtractive hybridization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:856-863. [PMID: 25190560 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.938556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vinclozolin, a dicarboximide fungicide, is an endocrine disrupting chemical that competes with an androgenic endocrine disruptor compound. Most research has focused on the epigenetic effect of vinclozolin in humans. In terms of ecotoxicology, understanding the effect of vinclozolin on non-target organisms is important. The expression profile of a comprehensive set of genes in the amphipod Hyalella azteca exposed to vinclozolin was examined. The expressed sequence tags in low-dose vinclozolin-treated and -untreated amphipods were isolated and identified by suppression subtractive hybridization. DNA dot blotting was used to confirm the results and establish a subtracted cDNA library for comparing all differentially expressed sequences with and without vinclozolin treatment. In total, 494 differentially expressed genes, including hemocyanin, heatshock protein, cytochrome, cytochrome oxidase and NADH dehydrogenase were detected. Hemocyanin was the most abundant gene. DNA dot blotting revealed 55 genes with significant differential expression. These genes included larval serum protein 1 alpha, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, mitochondrial protein, proteasome inhibitor, hemocyanin, zinc-finger-containing protein, mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase and epididymal sperm-binding protein. Vinclozolin appears to upregulate stress-related genes and hemocyanin, related to immunity. Moreover, vinclozolin downregulated NADH dehydrogenase, related to respiration. Thus, even a non-lethal concentration of vinclozolin still has an effect at the genetic level in H. azteca and presents a potential risk, especially as it would affect non-target organism hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun H Wu
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
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40
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Du WGH, Noodleman L. Density functional study for the bridged dinuclear center based on a high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of ba3 cytochrome c oxidase from Thermus thermophilus. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:14072-88. [PMID: 24262070 DOI: 10.1021/ic401858s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strong electron density for a peroxide type dioxygen species bridging the Fea3 and CuB dinuclear center (DNC) was observed in the high-resolution (1.8 Å) X-ray crystal structures (PDB entries 3S8G and 3S8F) of ba3 cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) from Thermus thermophilus. The crystals represent the as-isolated X-ray photoreduced CcO structures. The bridging peroxide was proposed to arise from the recombination of two radiation-produced HO(•) radicals formed either very near to or even in the space between the two metals of the DNC. It is unclear whether this peroxide species is in the O2(2-), O2(•)(-), HO2(-), or the H2O2 form and what is the detailed electronic structure and binding geometry including the DNC. In order to answer what form of this dioxygen species was observed in the DNC of the 1.8 Å X-ray CcO crystal structure (3S8G), we have applied broken-symmetry density functional theory (BS-DFT) geometric and energetic calculations (using OLYP potential) on large DNC cluster models with different Fea3-CuB oxidation and spin states and with O2(2-), O2(•)(-), HO2(-), or H2O2 in the bridging position. By comparing the DFT optimized geometries with the X-ray crystal structure (3S8G), we propose that the bridging peroxide is HO2(-). The X-ray crystal structure is likely to represent the superposition of the Fea3(2+)-(HO2(-))-CuB(+) DNC's in different states (Fe(2+) in low spin (LS), intermediate spin (IS), or high spin (HS)) with the majority species having the proton of the HO2(-) residing on the oxygen atom (O1) which is closer to the Fea3(2+) site in the Fea3(2+)-(HO-O)(-)-CuB(+) conformation. Our calculations show that the side chain of Tyr237 is likely trapped in the deprotonated Tyr237(-) anion form in the 3S8G X-ray crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ge Han Du
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, TPC15, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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41
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Argüello JM, Raimunda D, Padilla-Benavides T. Mechanisms of copper homeostasis in bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:73. [PMID: 24205499 PMCID: PMC3817396 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is an important micronutrient required as a redox co-factor in the catalytic centers of enzymes. However, free copper is a potential hazard because of its high chemical reactivity. Consequently, organisms exert a tight control on Cu(+) transport (entry-exit) and traffic through different compartments, ensuring the homeostasis required for cuproprotein synthesis and prevention of toxic effects. Recent studies based on biochemical, bioinformatics, and metalloproteomics approaches, reveal a highly regulated system of transcriptional regulators, soluble chaperones, membrane transporters, and target cuproproteins distributed in the various bacterial compartments. As a result, new questions have emerged regarding the diversity and apparent redundancies of these components, their irregular presence in different organisms, functional interactions, and resulting system architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Argüello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, MA, USA
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Kim SJ, Park SJ, Cha IT, Min D, Kim JS, Chung WH, Chae JC, Jeon CO, Rhee SK. Metabolic versatility of toluene-degrading, iron-reducing bacteria in tidal flat sediment, characterized by stable isotope probing-based metagenomic analysis. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:189-204. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So-Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju 361-763 Korea
| | - Soo-Je Park
- Department of Biology; Jeju National University; Jeju 690-756 Korea
| | - In-Tae Cha
- Department of Microbiology; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju 361-763 Korea
| | - Deullae Min
- Center for Gas Analysis; Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science; 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-340 Korea
| | - Jin-Seog Kim
- Center for Gas Analysis; Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science; 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-340 Korea
| | - Won-Hyung Chung
- Korean Bioinformation Center; Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Bioengineering; Daejeon 305-806 Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Chae
- Division of Biotechnology; Chonbuk National University; Iksan 570-752 Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- School of Biological Sciences; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Sung-Keun Rhee
- Department of Microbiology; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju 361-763 Korea
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Bainbridge A, Tachtsidis I, Faulkner SD, Price D, Zhu T, Baer E, Broad KD, Thomas DL, Cady EB, Robertson NJ, Golay X. Brain mitochondrial oxidative metabolism during and after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia studied by simultaneous phosphorus magnetic-resonance and broadband near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2013; 102 Pt 1:173-83. [PMID: 23959202 PMCID: PMC4229502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimodal measurements combining broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P MRS) assessed associations between changes in the oxidation state of cerebral mitochondrial cytochrome-c-oxidase (Δ[oxCCO]) and (31)P metabolite peak-area ratios during and after transient cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in the newborn piglet. METHODS Twenty-four piglets (aged<24 h) underwent transient HI (inspired oxygen fraction 9% and bilateral carotid artery occlusion for ~20 min). Whole-brain (31)P MRS and NIRS data were acquired every minute. Inorganic phosphate (Pi)/epp, phosphocreatine (PCr)/epp, and total nucleotide triphosphate (NTP)/epp were measured by (31)P MRS and were plotted against Δ[oxCCO] during HI and recovery (epp=exchangeable phosphate pool=Pi+PCr+2γ-NTP+β-NTP). RESULTS During HI Δ[oxCCO], PCr/epp and NTP/epp declined and Pi/epp increased. Significant correlations were seen between (31)P ratios and Δ[oxCCO]; during HI a threshold point was identified where the relationship between Δ[oxCCO] and both NTP/epp and Pi/epp changed significantly. Outcome at 48 h related to recovery of Δ[oxCCO] and (31)P ratios 1h post-HI (survived: 1-h NTP/epp 0.22 ± 0.02, Δ[oxCCO] -0.29 ± 0.50 μM; died: 1-h NTP/epp 0.10 ± 0.04, Δ[oxCCO] -2.41 ± 1.48 μM). CONCLUSIONS Both lowered Δ[oxCCO] and NTP/epp 1h post-HI indicated mitochondrial impairment. Animals dying before 48 h had slower recovery of both Δ[oxCCO] and (31)P ratios by 1 h after HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bainbridge
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK.
| | - I Tachtsidis
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - S D Faulkner
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - D Price
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - T Zhu
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - E Baer
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - K D Broad
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - D L Thomas
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - E B Cady
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - N J Robertson
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - X Golay
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Arifullin MR, Berdinskii VL. Spin states of multielectron systems and the action of multi-spin bans. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024413070042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Kolyva C, Ghosh A, Tachtsidis I, Highton D, Cooper CE, Smith M, Elwell CE. Cytochrome c oxidase response to changes in cerebral oxygen delivery in the adult brain shows higher brain-specificity than haemoglobin. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 1:234-44. [PMID: 23707584 PMCID: PMC3898943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox state of cerebral mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy (Δ[oxCCO]) is a signal with strong potential as a non-invasive, bedside biomarker of cerebral metabolic status. We hypothesised that the higher mitochondrial density of brain compared to skin and skull would lead to evidence of brain-specificity of the Δ[oxCCO] signal when measured with a multi-distance near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system. Measurements of Δ[oxCCO] as well as of concentration changes in oxygenated (Δ[HbO2]) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (Δ[HHb]) were taken at multiple source-detector distances during systemic hypoxia and hypocapnia (decrease in cerebral oxygen delivery), and hyperoxia and hypercapnia (increase in cerebral oxygen delivery) from 15 adult healthy volunteers. Increasing source-detector spacing is associated with increasing light penetration depth and thus higher sensitivity to cerebral changes. An increase in Δ[oxCCO] was observed during the challenges that increased cerebral oxygen delivery and the opposite was observed when cerebral oxygen delivery decreased. A consistent pattern of statistically significant increasing amplitude of the Δ[oxCCO] response with increasing light penetration depth was observed in all four challenges, a behaviour that was distinctly different from that of the haemoglobin chromophores, which did not show this statistically significant depth gradient. This depth-dependence of the Δ[oxCCO] signal corroborates the notion of higher concentrations of CCO being present in cerebral tissue compared to extracranial components and highlights the value of NIRS-derived Δ[oxCCO] as a brain-specific signal of cerebral metabolism, superior in this aspect to haemoglobin. NIRS was used to measure oxidised cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[oxCCO]) in healthy brain. Δ[oxCCO] changed in the same direction as changes in cerebral oxygen delivery. Magnitude of Δ[oxCCO] response increased with increasing light penetration depth. Corresponding haemoglobin changes showed no dependence on light penetration depth. NIRS-measured Δ[oxCCO] has higher brain specificity than haemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kolyva
- Dept. of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK.
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46
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Ashe D, Alleyne T, Sampson V. Substrate binding-dissociation and intermolecular electron transfer in cytochrome c oxidase are driven by energy-dependent conformational changes in the enzyme and substrate. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 59:213-22. [PMID: 23586831 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of O₂ by cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is critical to the cellular production of adenosine-5'-triphosphate; COX obtains the four electrons required for this process from ferrocytochrome c. The COX-cytochrome c enzyme-substrate complex is stabilized by electrostatic interactions via carboxylates on COX and lysines on cytochrome c. Conformational changes are believed to play a role in ferrocytochrome c oxidation and release and in rapid intramolecular transfer of electrons within COX, but the details are unclear. To gather specific information about the extent and relevance of conformational changes, we performed bioinformatics studies using the published structures of both proteins. For both proteins, we studied the surface accessibility and energy, as a function of the proteins' oxidation state. The residues of reduced cytochrome c showed greater surface accessibility and were at a higher energy than those of the oxidized cytochrome c. Also, most residues of the core subunits (I, II, and III) of COX showed low accessibility, ∼35%, and compared to the oxidized subunits, the reduced subunits had higher energies. We concluded that substrate binding and dissociation is modulated by specific redox-dependent conformational changes. We further conclude that high energy and structural relaxation of reduced cytochrome c and core COX subunits drive their rapid electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Ashe
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies
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47
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Kolyva C, Ghosh A, Tachtsidis I, Highton D, Smith M, Elwell CE. Dependence on NIRS source-detector spacing of cytochrome c oxidase response to hypoxia and hypercapnia in the adult brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 789:353-359. [PMID: 23852515 PMCID: PMC4037984 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7411-1_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides an assessment of cerebral oxygen metabolism by monitoring concentration changes in oxidised cytochrome c oxidase Δ[oxCCO]. We investigated the response of Δ[oxCCO] to global changes in cerebral oxygen delivery at different source-detector separations in 16 healthy adults. Hypoxaemia was induced by delivery of a hypoxic inspired gas mix and hypercapnia by addition of 6 % CO2 to the inspired gases. A hybrid optical spectrometer was used to measure frontal cortex light absorption and scattering at discrete wavelengths and broadband light attenuation at 20, 25, 30 and 35 mm. Without optical scattering changes, a decrease in cerebral oxygen delivery, resulting from the reduction in arterial oxygen saturation during hypoxia, led to a decrease in Δ[oxCCO]. In contrast, Δ[oxCCO] increased when cerebral oxygen delivery increased due to increased cerebral blood flow during hypercapnia. In both cases the magnitude of the Δ[oxCCO] response increased from the detectors proximal (measuring superficial tissue layers) to the detectors distal (measuring deep tissue layers) to the broadband light source. We conclude that the Δ[oxCCO] response to hypoxia and hypercapnia appears to be dependent on penetration depth, possibly reflecting differences between the intra- and extracerebral tissue concentration of cytochrome c oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kolyva
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Neurocritical Care Unit, University College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Highton
- Neurocritical Care Unit, University College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Martin Smith
- Neurocritical Care Unit, University College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Clare E Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK
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48
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Wilson TD, Yu Y, Lu Y. Understanding copper-thiolate containing electron transfer centers by incorporation of unnatural amino acids and the CuA center into the type 1 copper protein azurin. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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49
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Ghosh A, Elwell C, Smith M. Review article: cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy in adults: a work in progress. Anesth Analg 2012; 115:1373-83. [PMID: 23144435 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31826dd6a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has potential as a noninvasive brain monitor across a spectrum of disorders. In the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion of clinical experience using NIRS to monitor cerebral oxygenation, and there is some evidence that NIRS-guided brain protection protocols might lead to a reduction in perioperative neurologic complications after cardiac surgery. However, there are no data to support the wider application of NIRS during routine surgery under general anesthesia, and its application in brain injury, where it might be expected to have a key monitoring role, is undefined. Although increasingly sophisticated apparatuses, including broadband and time-resolved spectroscopy systems, provide insights into the potential of NIRS to measure regional cerebral oxygenation, hemodynamics, and metabolism in real-time, these innovations have yet to translate into effective monitor-guided brain protection treatment strategies. NIRS has many potential advantages over other neuromonitoring techniques, but further investigation and technological advances are necessary before it can be introduced more widely into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Neurocritical Care, Box 30, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BGUK
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50
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Salilew-Wondim D, Tesfaye D, Hossain M, Held E, Rings F, Tholen E, Looft C, Cinar U, Schellander K, Hoelker M. Aberrant placenta gene expression pattern in bovine pregnancies established after transfer of cloned or in vitro produced embryos. Physiol Genomics 2012; 45:28-46. [PMID: 23092953 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00076.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used the global transcriptome profile approach to identify dysregulated genes, molecular pathways, and molecular functional alterations in bovine placentas derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) pregnancies compared with their artificial insemination (AI) counterparts at day 50 of gestation. For this, day 7 blastocysts derived from AI, IVP, or SCNT were transferred to oestrus-synchronized cows. The pregnant animals were slaughtered at day 50 of gestation, and the placentas were then recovered and used for transcriptome analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip bovine genome array. Results showed the SCNT placenta to be different from its AI counterpart in the expression of 1,196 transcripts. These genes were found to be associated with alterations in key biological processes and molecular pathways in SCNT placenta, and the dysregulation of 9% (n = 110) of these genes was due to transcriptional reprogramming error. IVP placenta also displayed alterations in the expression of 72 genes, of which 58 were common to SCNT placenta. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that the expression of genes involved in organ development, blood vessel development, extracellular matrix organization, and the immune system was affected in both SCNT and IVP placentas. However, 96% of the affected genes in SCNT were not significantly altered in IVP groups. Thus, the higher transcriptome dysregulation in SCNT placenta followed by IVP would reflect the degree of placental abnormality in SCNT and IVP pregnancies at day 50 of the gestation, which may have a profound effect on subsequent fetal development and health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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