1
|
Liu S, Tang L, Fu J, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Yin M, Wang M, Wang R, Zhao Y. Low CO 2 concentration, a key environmental factor for developing plateau adapted rapeseed. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:28. [PMID: 38383434 PMCID: PMC10880361 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthesis is a fundamental process that underlies the formation of crop yield, wherein light serves as the driving force and carbon dioxide (CO2) as the raw material. These two factors have a direct influence on the progress and efficiency of photosynthesis in crops. Rapeseed is one of the four major oilseed crops worldwide. Plateau rapeseed has now become a research hotspot. However, the lack of high-yielding rapeseed germplasm resources on the plateau and the highly efficient strategy for screening them severely affect the development of rapeseed industry in plateau. RESULTS In the rapeseed experimental fields located on the plateau (Lhasa, Tibet), we measured abundant sunlight, characterized by an average daily photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 1413 μmol m-2 s-1. In addition, the atmospheric CO2 concentrations range from 300 to 400 ppm, which is only two-thirds of that in the plain (Chengdu, Sichuan). We found that under different measurement conditions of light intensity and CO2 concentration, different rapeseed genotypes showed significant differences in leaf photosynthetic efficiency during the seedling stage. Moreover, the rapeseed materials with high photosynthetic efficiency under low CO2 concentrations rather than high light intensity, exhibited significant advantages in biomass, yield, and oil content when cultivated on the plateau, indicating that the CO2 is the key environmental factor which limited rapeseed production in plateau. Based on photosynthetic efficiency screening under low CO2 concentrations, six rapeseed varieties SC3, SC10, SC25, SC27, SC29 and SC37, shown significantly higher yields in plateau environment compared to local control variety were obtained. In addition, the adaptability of rapeseed to plateau was found to be related to the activities of key Calvin cycle enzymes and the accumulation of photosynthetic products. CONCLUSIONS This study established a screening strategy for plateau high-yielding rapeseed materials, obtained six varieties which were suitable for plateau cultivation, explored the mechanism of rapeseed response to the plateau environment, and thus provides a feasible strategy for plateau-adapted rapeseed breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Jingyan Fu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Zhao
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Yin
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Science and Technology Innovation Center of Sichuan Modern Seed Industry Group, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lian H, Qin C, Yan M, He Z, Begum N, Zhang S. Genetic variation in nitrogen-use efficiency and its associated traits in dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released from the 1940s to the 2010s in Shaanxi Province, China. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1366-1376. [PMID: 36131517 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) of wheat can help mitigate the problems of poor soil fertility under dryland conditions. We conducted field experiments using three nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0, 120, and 180 kg ha-1 ) applied to eight dryland wheat cultivars to assess NUE and its associated traits. RESULTS The grain yield significantly increased with the improvement in variety, mainly as a result of a substantial increase in 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Modern wheat varieties have stabilized at an optimal plant height and exhibited improved performance in terms of NUE, partial N productivity, N harvest index, and grain protein content compared to older varieties. The NUE of wheat gradually increased with variety replacement. The net photosynthesis rate of the flag leaves in the filling stage improved with the year of cultivar release; Increasing soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values of flag leaves in the flowering and filling stages were observed over time, with the flag leaves of modern varieties showing a high chlorophyll content in the filling stage. Additionally, the principal component analysis showed that the SPAD value, grain number per unit area, transpiration rate, leaf area, and grain protein content positively contributed to the clustering of the N180 and modern cultivars (from the 2000s to 2010s). CONCLUSION Overall, high levels of N application did not significantly improve the NUE of wheat. However, modern wheat varieties can optimize N distribution, increase flag leaf photosynthetic capacity, and improve photosynthesis ability, thus enhancing NUE to achieve high yields under a suitable level of N supply. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huida Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Minfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhan He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Zheng B, He Y. Improving Grain Yield via Promotion of Kernel Weight in High Yielding Winter Wheat Genotypes. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010042. [PMID: 35053040 PMCID: PMC8772892 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Improving plant net photosynthetic rates and accelerating water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation play an important role in increasing the carbon sources for wheat kernel growth and yield. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative yield contribution by analyzing the photosynthesis rate of flag leaf, water-soluble carbohydrate content of flag leaf, flag leaf sheath and stem, and other agronomic and physiological traits in 15 wheat cultivars released in Shandong Province, China between 1969 and 2006. Our results suggest that increase of flag leaf photosynthesis and WSC had a positive effect of 0.593 on the TKW, and thus benefit for developing high yielding wheat cultivars. Abstract Improving plant net photosynthetic rates and accelerating water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation play an important role in increasing the carbon sources for yield formation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Understanding and quantify the contribution of these traits to grain yield can provide a pathway towards increasing the yield potential of wheat. The objective of this study was to identify kernel weight gap for improving grain yield in 15 winter wheat genotypes grown in Shandong Province, China. A cluster analysis was conducted to classify the 15 wheat genotypes into high yielding (HY) and low yielding (LY) groups based on their performance in grain yield, harvest index, photosynthetic rate, kernels per square meter, and spikes per square meter from two years of field testing. While the grain yield was significantly higher in the HY group, its thousand kernel weight (TKW) was 8.8% lower than that of the LY group (p < 0.05). A structural equation model revealed that 83% of the total variation in grain yield for the HY group could be mainly explained by TKW, the flag leaf photosynthesis rate at the grain filling stage (Pn75), and flag leaf water-soluble carbohydrate content (WSC) at grain filling stage. Their effect values on yield were 0.579, 0.759, and 0.444, respectively. Our results suggest that increase of flag leaf photosynthesis and WSC could improve the TKW, and thus benefit for developing high yielding wheat cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Str., Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Bangyou Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Yong He
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Str., Beijing 100081, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-82109767
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nehe A, Misra S, Murchie E, Chinnathambi K, Singh Tyagi B, Foulkes M. Nitrogen partitioning and remobilization in relation to leaf senescence, grain yield and protein concentration in Indian wheat cultivars. FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 2020; 251:107778. [PMID: 32549650 PMCID: PMC7182295 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer represents a significant cost for the grower and may also have environmental impacts through nitrate leaching and N2O (a greenhouse gas) emissions associated with denitrification. The objectives of this study were to quantify the genetic variability in N partitioning and N remobilization in Indian spring wheat cultivars and identify traits for improved grain yield and grain protein content for application in breeding N-efficient cultivars. Twenty-eight bread wheat cultivars and two durum wheat cultivars were tested in field experiments in two years in Maharashtra, India. Growth analysis was conducted at anthesis and harvest to assess above-ground dry matter (DM) and dry matter and N partitioning. Flag-leaf photosynthesis rate (A max ), flag-leaf senescence rate and canopy normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were also assessed. Significant N × genotype level interaction was observed for grain yield and N-use efficiency. There was a positive linear association between post-anthesis flag-leaf A max and grain yield amongst the 30 genotypes under high N (HN) conditions. Flag-leaf A max was positively associated with N uptake at anthesis (AGNA). Under both HN and low N (LN) conditions, higher N uptake at anthesis was associated with delayed onset of flag-leaf senescence and higher grain yield. Under N limitation, there was a genetic negative correlation between grain yield and grain protein concentration. Deviation from this negative relationship (grain protein deviation or GPD) was related to genotypic differences in post-anthesis N uptake. It is concluded that N uptake at anthesis was an important determinant of flag-leaf photosynthesis rate and grain yield under high N conditions; while post-anthesis N uptake was an important determinant of GPD of wheat grown under low to moderate N conditions in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Nehe
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - S. Misra
- Genetics and Plant Breeding Department, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - E.H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - K. Chinnathambi
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - B. Singh Tyagi
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - M.J. Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of Soft Rock and Biochar Applications on Millet (Setaria italica L.) Crop Performance in Sandy Soil. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions, desertification threatens crop production because it reduces the soil’s capacity to retain water and soil nutrients. At two fertilizer levels (90 kg N hm−2 and 45 kg P hm−2 and 270 kg N hm−2 and 135 kg P hm−2), the effects of soft rock (sand: soft rocks = 3:1) and biochar (4500 kg hm−2) applications on soil moisture, soil nutrients, and millet (Setaria italica L.) photosynthesis, yield, and its agronomic traits (biomass, thousand kernel weight, harvest index) were investigated in a field experiment in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China in 2018–2019. The addition of biochar and soft rock singly increased soil water content, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP), and organic matter content significantly, suggesting that their application may increase the nutrient and water holding capacity of soil. Application of biochar and soft rock singly increased the net photosynthesis rate of millet flag leaf, at the flowering stage, from 15.97% to 56.26%. Biochar and soft rock application increased the yield range (2109.0 kg hm−2 to 5024.7 kg hm−2) from 5.26% to 54.60% under the same fertilizer level. Correlation analyses showed grain yield was significantly correlated with photosynthesis rate at the flowering stage, which was significantly correlated with soil AN at flowering, soil TP at flowering and harvest, and soil TN at flowering. These results indicated that the application of biochar and soft rock singly could increase soil fertilizer holding capacity to improve the photosynthesis rate at flowering, and, therefore, lead to improvements in crop yield.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yi Z, Cui J, Fu Y, Liu H. Effect of different light intensity on physiology, antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic characteristics on wheat seedlings under high CO 2 concentration in a closed artificial ecosystem. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:23-34. [PMID: 32090305 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The growth of plants under high carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (≥ 1000 ppm) is explored for the climate change and the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) environment of long-duration space missions. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a grass cultivated for cereal grain-a global staple food including astronauts. Light and CO2 are both indispensable conditions for wheat seedlings. This study provides insights on the physiology, antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic characteristics of wheat seedlings under a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities in a closed system simulating BLSS with high CO2 concentration. We found that the Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, chlorophyll content, intrinsic water use efficiencies (WUEi), membrane stability index (MSI), and malondialdehyde (MDA) of wheat seedlings grown under an intermediate light intensity of 600 μmol m-2 s-1 environment were all largest. Interestingly, the high light intensity of 1200 mol m-2 s-1 treatment group exhibits the highest net photosynthetic rate but the lowest MDA content. The stomatal conductance and F0 of high light intensity of 1000 μmol m-2 s-1 treatment group were both significantly higher than that of other groups. Our study provides basic knowledge on the wheat growth in different environments, especially in a closed ecosystem with artificial lights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yi
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuming Fu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sinclair TR, Rufty TW, Lewis RS. Increasing Photosynthesis: Unlikely Solution For World Food Problem. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:1032-1039. [PMID: 31488354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the photosynthesis rate of plants has been recently revitalized as an approach for increasing grain crop yields and solving world food crises. The idea that photosynthesis is the key to increasing grain crop yields is not new. Considerable research in the 1970s and 1980s showed that carbon input was not limiting for crop growth and yield. Instead, the availability and uptake of water and nutrients were found to be critical for increasing grain yield, and that conclusion still applies today. In this Opinion article, nitrogen limitation is given particular attention because of its quantitative linkage with vegetative and reproductive growth and its essential role as a quantitative component of seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Sinclair
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA.
| | - Thomas W Rufty
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
| | - Ramsey S Lewis
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dai L, Song X, He B, Valverde BE, Qiang S. Enhanced photosynthesis endows seedling growth vigour contributing to the competitive dominance of weedy rice over cultivated rice. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1410-1420. [PMID: 27790812 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weedy rice, as one of the worst paddy field weeds worldwide, bears vigorous seedlings and dominantly competes with cultivated rice causing serious crop yield losses. To elucidate the causes of its stronger seedling vigour endowing its dominant competition with cultivated rice, comparative studies on seedling growth characteristics were conducted among six weedy rice biotypes and the two indica and japonica cultivars Shanyou-63 (SY-63) and Zhendao-8 (ZD-8), respectively, in the greenhouse. RESULTS Weedy rice emerged 2 to 3 days earlier, rapidly grew 1.3-1.7 cm taller daily, produced more secondary adventitious roots and greater aboveground fresh biomass than cultivated rice. Moreover, weedy rice exhibited greater photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters. An enhanced overall photosynthetic activity in weedy rices was attributed to the combined action of a larger antenna, more active reaction centres and higher quantum yield for electron transfer beyond QA . CONCLUSIONS Enhanced photosynthesis of weedy rice at the seedling stage should be the main factor for leading to strong competitive dominance over cultivated rice. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Baoye He
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bernal E Valverde
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Investigación y Desarrollo en Agricultura Tropical, S.A., Tambor, Alajuela, 4050, Costa Rica
| | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Basnayake J, Jackson PA, Inman-Bamber NG, Lakshmanan P. Sugarcane for water-limited environments. Variation in stomatal conductance and its genetic correlation with crop productivity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3945-58. [PMID: 25948709 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal conductance (g(s)) and canopy temperature have been used to estimate plant water status in many crops. The behaviour of g(s) in sugarcane indicates that the internal leaf water status is controlled by regular opening and closing of stomata. A large number of g(s) measurements obtained across varying moisture regimes, locations, and crop cycles with a diverse sugarcane germplasm composed of introgression, and commercial clones indicated that there is a high genetic variation for g(s) that can be exploited in a breeding programme. Regardless of the environmental influences on the expression of this trait, moderate heritability was observed across 51 sets of individual measurements made on replicated trials over 3 years. The clone×water status interaction (G×E) variation was smaller than the clone (G) variation on many occasions. A wide range of genetic correlations (r(g)= -0.29 to 0.94) between g(s) and yield were observed across test environments in all three different production regions used. Canopy conductance (g(c)) based on g(s) and leaf area index (LAI) showed a stronger genetic correlation than the g(s) with cane yield (tonnes of cane per hectare; TCH) at 12 months (mature crop). The regression analysis of input weather data for the duration of measurements showed that the predicted values of r(g) correlated with the maximum temperature (r=0.47) during the measurements and less with other environmental variables. These results confirm that the g(c) could have potential as a criterion for early-stage selection of clones in sugarcane breeding programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Basnayake
- Sugar Research Australia, PO Box 117, Ayr, QLD 4807, Australia
| | - P A Jackson
- CSIRO Plant Industry, ATSIP, Private Mail Bag PO, Aitkenvale, QLD 4814, Australia
| | | | - P Lakshmanan
- Sugar Research Australia Limited, 50 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang B, Shi W, Li W, Chang X, Jing R. Efficacy of pyramiding elite alleles for dynamic development of plant height in common wheat. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2013; 32:327-338. [PMID: 23976874 PMCID: PMC3748324 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-013-9873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is an important botanical feature closely related to yield. Two populations consisting of 118 and 262 accessions respectively were used to identify elite alleles for plant height and to validate their allelic effects. Plant height was measured from the early booting to the flowering stages. Simple sequence repeat markers for candidate quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions with large effects identified in a doubled haploid (DH) population (Hanxuan 10 × Lumai 14) were selected for further verification by association analysis. Nine loci significantly (P < 0.001) associated with plant height were detected 13 times in the population with 118 accessions. Three loci (Xgwm11-1B, Xwmc349-4B and Xcfd23-4D) were identified in three, two and two periods of plant height growth, respectively. Markers Xbarc168-2D, Xgwm249-2D, Xwmc349-4B, Xcfd23-4D and Xgwm410-5A located at or near additive QTL regions in the DH population proved to coincide with known Rht loci. The results showed a consistency between linkage analysis and association mapping, and also confirmed the value of fine mapping of QTL through combined linkage and association analyses. For final plant height, the alleles Xgwm11-1B208 , Xwmc349-4B103 and Xcfd23-4D202 exhibited negative effects, i.e. reducing plant height; Xwmc349-4B101 and Xcfd23-4D205 showed significant positive effects. A second larger population (262 accessions) was used to validate the effects of these large-effect alleles and the efficacy of pyramiding in eight environments (year × site × water regime combinations). Strong correlations between final plant height and numbers of large-effect alleles indicated that the alleles contributed additively to plant height. The additive effects showed that pyramiding elite alleles for target traits has significant potential for wheat breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Wei Shi
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Weiyu Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiaoping Chang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Biswas D, Xu H, Li Y, Ma B, Jiang G. Modification of photosynthesis and growth responses to elevated CO₂ by ozone in two cultivars of winter wheat with different years of release. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1485-96. [PMID: 23378379 PMCID: PMC3617821 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of elevated CO2 on plants are expected to be compromised by the negative effects posed by other global changes. However, little is known about ozone (O3)-induced modulation of elevated CO2 response in plants with differential sensitivity to O3. An old (Triticum aestivum cv. Beijing 6, O3 tolerant) and a modern (T. aestivum cv. Zhongmai 9, O3 sensitive) winter wheat cultivar were exposed to elevated CO2 (714 ppm) and/or O3 (72 ppb, for 7h d(-1)) in open-topped chambers for 21 d. Plant responses to treatments were assessed by visible leaf symptoms, simultaneous measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, in vivo biochemical properties, and growth. It was found that elevated CO2 resulted in higher growth stimulation in the modern cultivar attributed to a higher energy capture and electron transport rate compared with the old cultivar. Exposure to O3 caused a greater growth reduction in the modern cultivar due to higher O3 uptake and a greater loss of photosystem II efficiency (mature leaf) and mesophyll cell activity (young leaf) than in the old cultivar. Elevated CO2 completely protected both cultivars against the deleterious effects of O3 under elevated CO2 and O3. The modern cultivar showed a greater relative loss of elevated CO2-induced growth stimulation due to higher O3 uptake and greater O3-induced photoinhibition than the old cultivar at elevated CO2 and O3. Our findings suggest that the elevated CO2-induced growth stimulation in the modern cultivar attributed to higher energy capture and electron transport rate can be compromised by its higher O3 uptake and greater O3-induced photoinhibition under elevated CO2 and O3 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D.K. Biswas
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, PR China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A0C6, Canada
| | - H. Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y.G. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, PR China
| | - B.L. Ma
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A0C6, Canada
| | - G.M. Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Avenue, 271018, Tai’an, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Monneveux P, Jing R, Misra SC. Phenotyping for drought adaptation in wheat using physiological traits. Front Physiol 2012; 3:429. [PMID: 23181021 PMCID: PMC3499878 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum spp) is one of the first domesticated food crops. It represents the first source of calories (after rice) and an important source of proteins in developing countries. As a result of the Green Revolution, wheat yield sharply increased due to the use of improved varieties, irrigation, pesticides, and fertilizers. The rate of increase in world wheat production, however, slowed after 1980, except in China, India, and Pakistan. Being adapted to a wide range of moisture conditions, wheat is grown on more land area worldwide than any other crop, including in drought prone areas. In these marginal rain-fed environments where at least 60 m ha of wheat is grown, amount and distribution of rainfall are the predominant factors influencing yield variability. Intensive work has been carried out in the area of drought adaptation over the last decades. Breeding strategies for drought tolerance improvement include: definition of the target environment, choice and characterization of the testing environment, water stress management and characterization, and use of phenotyping traits with high heritability. The use of integrative traits, facilitated by the development and application of new technologies (thermal imaging, spectral reflectance, stable isotopes) is facilitating high throughput phenotyping and indirect selection, consequently favoring yield improvement in drought prone environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruilian Jing
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Biswas DK, Jiang GM. Differential drought-induced modulation of ozone tolerance in winter wheat species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:4153-62. [PMID: 21527624 PMCID: PMC3153674 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports challenge the widely accepted idea that drought may offer protection against ozone (O(3)) damage in plants. However, little is known about the impact of drought on the magnitude of O(3) tolerance in winter wheat species. Two winter wheat species with contrasting sensitivity to O(3) (O(3) tolerant, primitive wheat, T. turgidum ssp. durum; O(3) sensitive, modern wheat, T. aestivum L. cv. Xiaoyan 22) were exposed to O(3) (83ppb O(3), 7h d(-1)) and/or drought (42% soil water capacity) from flowering to grain maturity to assess drought-induced modulation of O(3) tolerance. Plant responses to stress treatments were assessed by determining in vivo biochemical parameters, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and grain yield. The primitive wheat demonstrated higher O(3) tolerance than the modern species, with the latter exhibiting higher drought tolerance than the former. This suggested that there was no cross-tolerance of the two stresses when applied separately in these species/cultivars of winter wheat. The primitive wheat lost O(3) tolerance, while the modern species showed improved tolerance to O(3) under combined drought and O(3) exposure. This indicated the existence of differential behaviour of the two wheat species between a single stress and the combination of the two stresses. The observed O(3) tolerance in the two wheat species was related to their magnitude of drought tolerance under a combination of drought and O(3) exposure. The results clearly demonstrate that O(3) tolerance of a drought-sensitive winter wheat species can be completely lost under combined drought and O(3) exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Biswas
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, University College Cork, Butler Building, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
| | - G. M. Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, 100093, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University No. 61, Daizong Avenue, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeid M, Belay G, Mulkey S, Poland J, Sorrells ME. QTL mapping for yield and lodging resistance in an enhanced SSR-based map for tef. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 122:77-93. [PMID: 20706706 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tef is a cereal crop of cultural and economic importance in Ethiopia. It is grown primarily for its grain though it is also an important source of fodder. Tef suffers from lodging that reduces both grain yield and quality. As a first step toward executing a marker-assisted breeding program for lodging resistance and grain yield improvement, a linkage map was constructed using 151 F(9) recombinant inbred lines obtained by single-seed-descent from a cross between Eragrostis tef and its wild relative Eragrostis pilosa. The map was primarily based on microsatellite (SSR) markers that were developed from SSR-enriched genomic libraries. The map consisted of 30 linkage groups and spanned a total length of 1,277.4 cM (78.7% of the genome) with an average distance of 5.7 cM between markers. This is the most saturated map for tef to date, and for the first time, all of the markers are PCR-based. Using agronomic data from 11 environments and marker data, it was possible to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling lodging, grain yield and 15 other related traits. The positive effects of the QTL identified from the wild parent were mainly for earliness, reduced culm length and lodging resistance. In this population, it is now possible to combine lodging resistance and grain yield using a marker-assisted selection program targeting the QTL identified for both traits. The newly developed SSR markers will play a key role in germplasm organization, fingerprinting and monitoring the success of the hybridization process in intra-specific crosses lacking distinctive morphological markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zeid
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Genetic analysis of tolerance to photo-oxidative stress induced by high light in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Genet Genomics 2010; 37:399-412. [DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(09)60058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Fan XW, Li FM, Song L, Xiong YC, An LZ, Jia Y, Fang XW. Defense strategy of old and modern spring wheat varieties during soil drying. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 136:310-23. [PMID: 19453498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Different defense mechanisms of three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties were studied by withholding watering in well-watered pots to gradually increase water deficit of plants grown in containers. The strategies of plant adaptation were divided into three phases according to the severity of drought: first, a positive defense phase that started from commencement of non-hydraulic root-sourced signals (nHRS) and ended at onset of hydraulic root-sourced signals (HRS)--the plant responded to imminent drought by decreasing stomatal aperture to lessen water loss and no membrane injury occurred. The second defense phase occurred between the onset of HRS and temporary wilting (TW), characterized by enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), marked enzyme activity and increased MDA content. Mild lipid membrane peroxidation came mainly from a dynamic imbalance between free radical production and enzymatic defense reaction, which indicated that injury by ROS had not been completely repaired by increasing enzymatic activity. The third defense phase was from TW to permanent wilting (PW), the synthesis of SOD and CAT during TW could not deal with the collapse of antioxidant enzymes, and SOD and CAT activities began to decrease, which caused the excessive ROS production and thus serious membrane lipid peroxidation. The defense strategies to drought are similar among the varieties, but modern varieties LC8275 and GY602 bred after 1975 had relatively higher defense levels at all three defense phases, which suggest that modern varieties are more resistant than old ones, and artificial selection would lead to a different direction in evolution from natural selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|