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Grantz DA, Linscheid BS, Grulke NE. Differential responses of stomatal kinetics and steady-state conductance to abscisic acid in a fern: comparison with a gymnosperm and an angiosperm. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1883-1892. [PMID: 30740702 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Origins of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated metabolic control of stomatal conductance have been suggested to be recent, based on a gradualistic model of stomatal evolution. In ferns, steady-state stomatal conductance (gs ) was unresponsive to ABA in some studies, supporting this model. Stomatal kinetic responses to ABA have not been considered. We used dynamic gas exchange methods to characterise half times of stomatal opening and closing in response to step changes in light, across a range of ABA exposures in three diverse taxa. All taxa had asymmetric kinetics, with closure slower than opening in fern and cedar, but faster than opening in soybean. Closing was fastest in soybean but opening was slowest. Stomatal kinetics, particularly for closure, responded to ABA in all three taxa. Steady-state gs did not respond significantly to ABA in fern or cedar but responded strongly in soybean. Stomatal kinetics were responsive to ABA in fern. This finding supports a contrasting, single origin model, with ABA-mediated regulation of stomata arising early, in conjunction with stomata themselves. Stomatal kinetics are underutilised. Differential responses of opening and closing rates to environmental and hormonal stimuli may provide insights into phylogeny and stomatal regulatory strategies with potential application to selection for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Grantz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Kearney Agricultural Center, University of California at Riverside, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| | - Brandon S Linscheid
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Kearney Agricultural Center, University of California at Riverside, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| | - Nancy E Grulke
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Bend, OR, 97702, USA
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Puli MR, Rajsheel P, Aswani V, Agurla S, Kuchitsu K, Raghavendra AS. Stomatal closure induced by phytosphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate depends on nitric oxide and pH of guard cells in Pisum sativum. PLANTA 2016; 244:831-41. [PMID: 27233507 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Phyto-S1P and S1P induced stomatal closure in epidermis of pea ( Pisum sativum ) by raising the levels of NO and pH in guard cells. Phosphosphingolipids, such as phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (phyto-S1P) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are important signaling components during drought stress. The biosynthesis of phyto-S1P or S1P is mediated by sphingosine kinases (SPHKs). Although phyto-S1P and S1P are known to be signaling components in higher plants, their ability to induce stomatal closure has been ambiguous. We evaluated in detail the effects of phyto-S1P, S1P and SPHK inhibitors on signaling events leading to stomatal closure in the epidermis of Pisum sativum. Phyto-S1P or S1P induced stomatal closure, along with a marked rise in nitric oxide (NO) and cytoplasmic pH of guard cells, as in case of ABA. Two SPHK inhibitors, DL-threo dihydrosphingosine and N',N'-dimethylsphingosine, restricted ABA-induced stomatal closure and prevented the increase of NO or pH by ABA. Modulators of NO or pH impaired both stomatal closure and increase in NO or pH by phyto-S1P/S1P. The stomatal closure by phyto-S1P/S1P was mediated by phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid (PA). When present, PA elevated the levels of pH, but not NO of guard cells. Our results demonstrate that stomatal closure induced by phyto-S1P and S1P depends on rise in pH as well as NO of guard cells. A scheme of signaling events initiated by phyto-S1P/S1P, and converging to cause stomatal closure, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna Rao Puli
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Pidakala Rajsheel
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vetcha Aswani
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Srinivas Agurla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba Ken, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Shen L, Sun P, Bonnell VC, Edwards KJ, Hetherington AM, McAinsh MR, Roberts MR. Measuring stress signaling responses of stomata in isolated epidermis of graminaceous species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:533. [PMID: 26217375 PMCID: PMC4499840 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Our current understanding of guard cell signaling pathways is derived from studies in a small number of model species. The ability to study stomatal responses in isolated epidermis has been an important factor in elucidating the mechanisms by which the stomata of these species respond to environmental stresses. However, such approaches have rarely been applied to study guard cell signaling in the stomata of graminaceous species (including many of the world's major crops), in which the guard cells have a markedly different morphology to those in other plants. Our understanding of guard cell signaling in these important species is therefore much more limited. Here, we describe a procedure for the isolation of abaxial epidermal peels from barley, wheat and Brachypodium distachyon. We show that isolated epidermis from these species contains viable guard cells that exhibit typical responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and CO2, as determined by measurements of stomatal apertures. We use the epidermal peel assay technique to investigate in more detail interactions between different environmental factors in barley guard cells, and demonstrate that stomatal closure in response to external CO2 is inhibited at higher temperatures, whilst sensitivity to ABA is enhanced at 30°C compared to 20 and 40°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Peng Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Keith J. Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Merilo E, Jõesaar I, Brosché M, Kollist H. To open or to close: species-specific stomatal responses to simultaneously applied opposing environmental factors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:499-508. [PMID: 24392838 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant stomatal responses to single environmental factors are well studied; however, responses to a change in two (or more) factors - a common situation in nature - have been less frequently addressed. We studied the stomatal responses to a simultaneous application of opposing environmental factors in six evolutionarily distant mono- and dicotyledonous herbs representing different life strategies (ruderals, competitors and stress-tolerators) to clarify whether the crosstalk between opening- and closure-inducing pathways leading to stomatal response is universal or species-specific. Custom-made gas exchange devices were used to study the stomatal responses to a simultaneous application of two opposing factors: decreased/increased CO2 concentration and light availability or reduced air humidity. The studied species responded similarly to changes in single environmental factors, but showed species-specific and nonadditive responses to two simultaneously applied opposing factors. The stomata of the ruderals Arabidopsis thaliana and Thellungiella salsuginea (previously Thellungiella halophila) always opened, whereas those of competitor-ruderals either closed in all two-factor combinations (Triticum aestivum), remained relatively unchanged (Nicotiana tabacum) or showed a response dominated by reduced air humidity (Hordeum vulgare). Our results, indicating that in changing environmental conditions species-specific stomatal responses are evident that cannot be predicted from studying one factor at a time, might be interesting for stomatal modellers, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Indrek Jõesaar
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Nieves-Cordones M, Caballero F, Martínez V, Rubio F. Disruption of the Arabidopsis thaliana Inward-Rectifier K+ Channel AKT1 Improves Plant Responses to Water Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 53:423-32. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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