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Korgaonkar J, Tarman AY, Ceylan Koydemir H, Chukkapalli SS. Periodontal disease and emerging point-of-care technologies for its diagnosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3326-3346. [PMID: 38874483 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory disorder that damages the tooth and its supporting components, is a common global oral health problem. Understanding the intricacies of these disorders, from gingivitis to severe PD, is critical for efficient treatment, diagnosis, and prevention in dental care. Periodontal biosensors and biomarkers are critical in improving oral health diagnostic skills. Clinicians may accomplish early identification, tailored therapy, and efficient tracking of periodontal diseases by using these technologies, ushering in a new age of accurate oral healthcare. Traditional periodontitis diagnostic methods frequently rely on physical probing and visual examinations, necessitating the development of point-of-care (POC) devices. As periodontal disorders necessitate more precise and rapid diagnosis, incorporating novel innovations in biosensors and biomarkers becomes increasingly crucial. These innovations improve our capacity to diagnose, monitor, and adapt periodontal therapies, bringing in the next phase of customized and effective dental healthcare. The review discusses the characteristics and stages of PD, clinical treatment techniques, prominent biomarkers and infection-associated factors that may be employed to determine PD, biomedical sensing, and POC appliances that have been created so far to diagnose stages of PD and its progression profile, as well as predicting future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Korgaonkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering and Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Azra Yaprak Tarman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering and Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering and Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sasanka S Chukkapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Aji NRAS, Yucel-Lindberg T, Räisänen IT, Kuula H, Nieminen MT, Mc Crudden MTC, Listyarifah D, Lundmark A, Lundy FT, Gupta S, Sorsa T. In Vivo Regulation of Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) in Periodontitis: From Transcriptomics to Real-Time Online Diagnostics and Treatment Monitoring. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1011. [PMID: 38786309 PMCID: PMC11119995 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated in vivo regulation and levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8), a major collagenolytic protease, in periodontitis. METHODS Twenty-seven adults with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 30 periodontally healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in immunohistochemistry and transcriptomics analytics in order to assess Treponema denticola (Td) dentilisin and MMP-8 immunoexpression, mRNA expression of MMP-8 and its regulators (IL-1β, MMP-2, MMP-7, TIMP-1). Furthermore, the periodontal anti-infective treatment effect was monitored by four different MMP-8 assays (aMMP-8-IFMA, aMMP-8-Oralyzer, MMP-8-activity [RFU/minute], and total MMP-8 by ELISA) among 12 CP (compared to 25 HC). RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly more Td-dentilisin and MMP-8 immunoreactivities in CP vs. HC. Transcriptomics revealed significantly elevated IL-1β and MMP-7 RNA expressions, and MMP-2 RNA was slightly reduced. No significant differences were recorded in the relatively low or barely detectable levels of MMP-8 mRNAs. Periodontal treatment significantly decreased all MMP-8 assay levels accompanied by the assessed clinical indices (periodontal probing depths, bleeding-on-probing, and visual plaque levels). However, active but not total MMP-8 levels persisted higher in CP than in periodontally healthy controls. CONCLUSION In periodontal health, there are low aMMP-8 levels. The presence of Td-dentilisin in CP gingivae is associated with elevated aMMP-8 levels, potentially contributing to a higher risk of active periodontal tissue collagenolysis and progression of periodontitis. This can be detected by aMMP-8-specific assays and online/real-time aMMP-8 chair-side testing.
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Grants
- Y1014SULE1 Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland
- Y1014SL018 Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland
- Y1014SL017 Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland
- TYH2019319 Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland
- TYH2018229 Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland
- TYH2017251 Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland
- TYH2016251 Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland
- TYH2020337 Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland
- TYH2022225 Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland
- Y2519SU010 Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland
- N/A Finnish Dental Society Apollonia
- N/A Karolinska Institutet
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Rahman Ahmad Seno Aji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Denta No. 1 Sekip Utara, 10 Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ismo T. Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Kuula
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko T. Nieminen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maelíosa T. C. Mc Crudden
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Dyah Listyarifah
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Denta Sekip Utara No 1, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Anna Lundmark
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Fionnuala T. Lundy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kainat R, Ahmed I, Alolaywi AM, Waheed H, Sultan ZK, Moin SF. Assessment of Salivary MMP-8 and IL-1β for the Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases in Pakistani Population. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:672-679. [PMID: 38086426 PMCID: PMC11132764 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical methods use the subjective diagnosis of periodontal diseases by visual observation that could result in differences and variability of diagnosis. The addition of specific markers could aid in the accurate diagnosis of the local population. The objective of the study was to target two of the major proteins for possible significance in such an approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 60 participants aged between 18 and 70 years. Three groups each with twenty participants were recruited into periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy control. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The samples were analyzed using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). RESULTS SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the result. Posthoc analysis by Tukey's test revealed that MMP-8 levels were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups as compared with healthy controls. The test also revealed that IL-1β levels were higher in the periodontitis group compared with the healthy control and gingivitis group. Additionally, one-way analysis of variance analysis showed a significant effect on probing depth in gingivitis and periodontitis patients. The mean age of periodontitis group was significantly higher than other groups. CONCLUSION Salivary biomarkers may provide useful diagnostic information and could be utilized as tests for periodontal disease screening, prognosis, and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Kainat
- Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Humera Waheed
- Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid Sultan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudia Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Syed Faraz Moin
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Alarcón-Sánchez MA, Castro-Alarcón N, Sandoval-Guevara D, Vázquez-Villamar M, Fernández-Acosta K, Méndez-Gómez MY, Parra-Rojas I, Romero-Castro NS. Analysis of subgingival microbiota and IL-1β, TNF-α and CX3CL1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid of fixed dental prostheses. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:235-246. [PMID: 38417861 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Prosthetic biomaterials can affect the composition of the subgingival microbiota and consequently the production of proinflammatory cytokines, causing damage to the periodontium. A total of 40 patients were divided into two groups: 20 with monolithic zirconia (MZ) prostheses and 20 with porcelain fused to metal (PFM) with nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy prostheses. Subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples were taken. The Checkerboard technique for DNA-DNA hybridization and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique were performed. Teeth with MZ presented a lower percentage of bleeding on probing and tooth mobility compared to teeth with PFM with Ni-Cr alloy. Prosthodontic teeth harbored higher total levels of the 18 bacterial species than non-prosthodontic teeth. There was a higher prevalence of S. gordonii and V. parvula species in PFM with Ni-Cr alloy compared to MZ. There was an increase in IL-1β, TNF-α and CX3CL1 levels in PFM with Ni-Cr alloy compared to MZ. MZ is a candidate biomaterial with fewer negative effects on the periodontium, allowing for longer prostheses longevity in the mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natividad Castro-Alarcón
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Daniel Sandoval-Guevara
- Department of Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Mirna Vázquez-Villamar
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Karla Fernández-Acosta
- Department of Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Mayra Yanet Méndez-Gómez
- Department of Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Obesity and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero
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Alarcón-Sánchez MA, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Becerra-Ruiz JS, Rodríguez-Montaño R, Avetisyan A, Heboyan A. IL-23/IL-17 axis levels in gingival crevicular fluid of subjects with periodontal disease: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:302. [PMID: 38431633 PMCID: PMC10909298 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IL-23/IL-17 axis plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize all research reporting on the levels of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from subjects with gingivits, and periodontitis, compared to healthy controls. METHODS The protocol followed the PRISMA, and Cochrane guidelines, and was registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7495V . A search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Schoolar, and Cochrane from November 15th, 2005, to May 10th, 2023. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JBI tool for cross-sectional studies. RESULTS The search strategy provided a total of 2,098 articles, of which 12 investigations met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients studied was 537, of which 337 represented the case group (subjects with gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis), and 200 represented the control group (periodontally healthy subjects). The ages of the patients ranged from 20 to 50 years, with a mean (SD) of 36,6 ± 4,2, of which 47% were men, and 53% were women. 75% of the investigations collected GCF samples with absorbent paper strips, and analyzed cytokine IL-17 levels individually. In addition, qualitative analysis revealed that there are differences between IL-23/IL-17 axis levels in subjects with chronic periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Thus, IL-23/IL-17 axis levels could be used in the future as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Celia Guerrero-Velázquez
- Research Institute of Dentistry, Department of Integrated Dentistry Clinics, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Julieta Sarai Becerra-Ruiz
- Institute of Research of Bioscience, University Center of Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rodríguez-Montaño
- Department of Health and Illness as an Individual and Collective Process, University Center of Tlajomulco, University of Guadalajara (CUTLAJO-UdeG), Tlajomulco, Santa Fé Highway Km 3.5 No. 595, Lomas de Tejeda, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Anna Avetisyan
- Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar St, Tehran, Iran.
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Gregorczyk-Maga I, Kania M, Dąbrowska M, Samborowska E, Żeber-Lubecka N, Kulecka M, Klupa T. The interplay between gingival crevicular fluid microbiome and metabolomic profile in intensively treated people with type 1 diabetes - a combined metagenomic/metabolomic approach cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1332406. [PMID: 38371896 PMCID: PMC10871129 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1332406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to assess the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) microbiome and metabolome of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Methods In this cross-sectional study, the GCF of adults with T1D treated with CSII and non-diabetic controls were sampled, and metagenomic/metabolomic analyses were performed. Results In total, 65 participants with T1D and 45 healthy controls with a mean age of 27.05 ± 5.95 years were investigated. There were 22 cases of mild gingivitis (G) in the T1D group. There were no differences considering the Shannon and Chao indices and β-diversity between people with T1D and G, with T1D without G, and healthy controls. Differential taxa were identified, which were mainly enriched in people with T1D and G. Acetic acid concentration was higher in people with T1D, regardless of the presence of G, than in healthy controls. Propionic acid was higher in people with T1D and G than in healthy controls. Isobutyric and isovaleric acid levels were higher in individuals with T1D and G than in the other two subgroups. The concentration of valeric acid was lower and that of caproic acid was higher in people with T1D (regardless of gingival status) than in healthy controls. Conclusions The identification of early changes in periodontal tissues by targeting the microbiome and metabolome could potentially enable effective prevention and initial treatment of periodontal disease in people with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Kania
- Chair of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Samborowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Żeber-Lubecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Klupa
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Diabetes, Chair of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Brandt E, Keskin M, Räisänen IT, Tervahartiala T, Mäkitie A, Harmankaya İ, Karaçetin D, Hagström J, Rautava J, Sorsa T. Induction of Collagenolytic MMP-8 and -9 Tissue Destruction Cascade in Mouth by Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy: A Cohort Study. Biomedicines 2023; 12:27. [PMID: 38275388 PMCID: PMC10813307 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy (RT) on biomarkers is not known but there is a lot of potential for gaining more precise cancer treatments and less side effects. This cohort study investigated the levels and molecular forms of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -8 and -9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin (IL)-6 in mouth-rinse samples as well as the clinical periodontal status in HNC patients (n = 21) receiving RT. Complete periodontal examinations were performed pre-RT and one month after RT. Mouth-rinse samples (pre-RT, after six weeks of RT and one month after RT) were assayed using a point-of-care-kit (PerioSafe®/ORALyzer® (Dentognostics GmbH, Jena, Germany)) for active MMP-8 and ELISA analysis for total MMP-8 and -9, MPO, TIMP-1, and IL-6 levels. Molecular forms of MMP-9 were assessed by gelatinolytic zymography and MMP-8 by western immunoblot. Significant changes were observed between the three time points in the mean levels of active and total MMP-8, active MMP-9, and IL-6. Their levels increased during the RT and decreased after the RT period. The aMMP-8 levels stayed elevated even one month after RT compared to the pre-RT. Clinical attachment loss, probing depths, and bleeding on probing were increased between pre- and post-calculations in periodontal status. Elevated inflammatory biomarker levels together with clinical recordings strongly suggest that RT eventually increases the risk to the periodontal tissue destruction by inducing the active proteolytical MMP-cascade, and especially by prolonged activity of collagenolytic aMMP-8. Eventually, the aMMP-8 point-of-care mouth-rinse test could be an easy, early detection tool for estimating the risk for periodontal damage by the destructive MMP-cascade in HNC patients with RT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Brandt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland (T.S.)
| | - Mutlu Keskin
- Oral and Dental Health Department, Altınbaş University, 34147 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismo T. Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland (T.S.)
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland (T.S.)
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 263, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - İlknur Harmankaya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, 34480 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Karaçetin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, 34480 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland (T.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland (T.S.)
- Department of Medicine and Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Räisänen IT, Aji NRAS, Sakellari D, Grigoriadis A, Rantala I, Pätilä T, Heikkilä P, Gupta S, Sorsa T. Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) Versus Total MMP-8 in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Disease Point-of-Care Diagnostics. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2885. [PMID: 38001886 PMCID: PMC10669684 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) is a promising biomarker candidate for the modern periodontal and peri-implant disease diagnostics utilizing the chairside/point-of-care oral fluid technologies. These rapid biomarker analysis technologies utilize gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), or mouth rinse as the oral fluid matrices that can be collected patient-friendly and non-invasively without causing bacteremia. aMMP-8, but not total or latent proMMP-8, has been shown to be a relevant biomarker to be implemented to the latest 2017 classification system of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Thus, aMMP-8 point-of-care-testing (POCT)-but not total or latent proMMP-8-can be conveniently used as an adjunctive and preventive diagnostic tool to identify and screen the developing and ongoing periodontal and peri-implant breakdown and disease as well as predict its episodic progression. Similarly, aMMP-8 POCT provides an important tool to monitor the treatment effect of these diseases, but also other diseases such as head and neck cancer, where it can identify and predict the rapid tissue destructive oral side-effects during and after the radiotherapy. Additionally, recent studies support aMMP-8 POCT benefitting the identification of periodontitis and diabetes as the escalating risk diseases for COVID-19 infection. Overall, aMMP-8 POCT has launched a new clinical field in oral medicine and dentistry, i.e., oral clinical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismo T. Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nur Rahman Ahmad Seno Aji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Denta No.1 Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Grigoriadis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Dental Sector, 424 General Military Training Hospital, 564 29 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iina Rantala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Pätilä
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Heikkilä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jiao P, Li Z, Li B, Jiao X. The Role of Caspase-11 and Pyroptosis in the Regulation of Inflammation in Peri-Implantitis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4471-4479. [PMID: 37842190 PMCID: PMC10576458 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s427523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is an important cause of oral implant failure. In the past, TLR4 and TLR2 in the Toll-like family were generally considered as the key immune recognition receptors regulating peri-implantitis. However, under the guidance of this theory, there are still some unexplainable peri-implantitis symptoms. With the discovery of novel intracellular LPS receptor Caspase-11, a new understanding of inflammatory signaling and immune regulation in the development of peri-implantitis has been gained. However, the regulatory role of Caspase-11 in peri-implantitis and its crosstalk with the TLR4 pathway remain unclear. The therapeutic effect of drugs targeting Caspase-11 on peri-implantitis is still in its early stages. In view of this situation, this paper reviews the possible role of Caspase-11 in peri-implant inflammation, elaborated the entry process of LPS and the activation mechanism of Caspase-11, and analyzes the differences in Caspase-11 between commonly studied animals, mice and humans. The current research hotspots and challenges are also analyzed to provide new insights and ideas for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Jiao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuntai Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Birong Li
- Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyuan Jiao
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Shi N, Kong C, Yuan L, Liu L, Zhao K, Lü J, Wang X. The bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes: New prospects for stem cell-derived exosomes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115219. [PMID: 37531782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and diabetes have a bidirectional link, making therapeutic treatment of periodontitis and diabetes challenging. Numerous factors, including microbes, inflammatory cytokines, immune cell activity, glucose levels, and metabolic disorders, contribute to the bidirectional relationship of periodontitis and diabetes. Basic periodontal treatment, medication, surgical treatment, and combined treatment are the most widely used treatments, but their efficacy are limited. Because of their capacity to support bone remodeling and tissue regeneration and restoration, reduce blood glucose levels, restore islet function, and ameliorate local and systemic inflammation, stem cell-derived exosomes have emerged as a possible therapeutic. In this review, we summarize the utilization of stem cell-derived exosomes in periodontitis and diabetes,discuss their potential mechanisms in periodontitis and diabetes bidirectional promoters. It provides some theoretical basis for using stem cell-derived exosomes to regulate the bidirectional link between periodontitis and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixu Shi
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenfei Kong
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kelin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junfeng Lü
- Department of Radiation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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11
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Lähteenmäki H, Pätilä T, Pärnänen CP, Räisänen I, Tervahartiala T, Gupta S, Sorsa T. aMMP-8 point-of-care - diagnostic methods and treatment modalities in periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:627-637. [PMID: 37522314 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2240014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When collected in a standardized fashion, oral fluid analysis can refine the diagnosis of periodontal and peri-implant disease. In practice, dental professionals can perform active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP-8) analysis chairside. AREAS COVERED Periodontal tissues are mainly made up of type I collagen, and collagen breakdown is one of the main events in periodontal and peri-implantitis destructive lesions. In addition to traditional measurements, their diagnosis can be refined with tests utilizing oral fluids. The active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) is possible to be determined from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF), and other oral fluids such as mouth rinse and saliva. We also investigated the applicability of aMMP-8 chair-side test kits in the evaluation of oral health benefits of different adjunctive host-modulating periodontal therapies including fermented lingonberry mouthwash (FLJ) and antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). EXPERT OPINION The aMMP-8 levels can more reliably detect early activation of periodontal and peri-implant disease as compared to traditional diagnostic methods that assess the experienced health status or past disease, rather than the present or future pathology. Novel therapies like, fermented lingonberry juice as a mouthrinse or aPDT, are potential host-modulating adjunctive treatments to reduce the signs of oral inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Pätilä
- Department of Pediatric Heart Surgery and Organ Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Unit of Periodontology, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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12
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Wang C, Liu C, Liang C, Qu X, Zou X, Du S, Zhang Q, Wang L. Role of Berberine Thermosensitive Hydrogel in Periodontitis via PI3K/AKT Pathway In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6364. [PMID: 37047340 PMCID: PMC10094121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a long-term inflammatory illness and a leading contributor to tooth loss in humans. Due to the influence of the anatomic parameters of teeth, such as root bifurcation lesions and the depth of the periodontal pocket, basic periodontal treatment on its own often does not completely obliterate flora microorganisms. As a consequence, topical medication has become a significant supplement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Berberine (BBR) has various pharmacological effects, such as hypoglycemic, antitumor, antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, etc. The target of our project is to develop a safe and non-toxic carrier that can effectively release berberine, which can significantly reduce periodontal tissue inflammation, and to investigate whether berberine thermosensitive hydrogel can exert anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects by modulating phosphatifylinositol-3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Consequently, firstly berberine temperature-sensitive hydrogel was prepared, and its characterizations showed that the mixed solution gelated within 3 min under 37 °C with a hole diameter of 10-130 µm, and the accumulation of berberine release amounted to 89.99% at 21 days. CCK-8 and live-dead cell staining results indicated that this hydrogel was not biotoxic, and it is also presumed that the optimum concentration of berberine is 5 µM, which was selected for subsequent experiments. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB)results demonstrated that inflammatory factors, as well as protein levels, were significantly reduced in the berberine-loaded hydrogel group, and LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) could enhance this effect (p < 0.05). In the berberine-loaded hydrogel group, osteogenesis-related factor levels and protein profiles were visibly increased, along with an increase in alkaline phosphatase expression, which was inhibited by LY294002 (p < 0.05). Therefore, berberine thermosensitive hydrogel may be an effective treatment for periodontitis, and it may exert anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China; (C.W.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China; (C.W.)
| | - Xingyuan Qu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China; (C.W.)
| | - Xinying Zou
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Siyu Du
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China; (C.W.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China; (C.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Tsinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China; (C.W.)
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13
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Wu C, Li W, Cen D, Zhou Q. Is insufficient sleep duration a risk indicator for periodontal disease? A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:18-27. [PMID: 36385732 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether people who achieved <7 h of sleep were more likely to develop periodontal disease (PD). SOURCES We executed electronic searches in the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library, as well as a manual search of articles published by leading journals in related fields, for observational studies, published in English from 1 January 1966 to 31 March 2021.which evaluated the relationship between sleep duration and PD. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) quality evaluation scale was used for the cross-sectional studies, and the random effects model was used to summarize the effect sizes in the included studies with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of six cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria, totaling 107,777 participants, of which 69,773 had PD. The results of the present indicated that shorter sleep duration (<7 h) is significantly associated with PD (Odd ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.16-1.23; p < 0.001; I2 , 0.0%, I2 interval, 0%-75%). The strength of the sensitivity analysis and cumulative meta-analysis confirmed the reliability of the results. CONCLUSION Although the inclusion of only six studies makes it difficult to explore whether there is a publication bias, we found that insufficient sleep duration was closely related to PD, and we therefore speculated that getting enough sleep may help prevent PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiqi Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongdong Cen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Kim S, Lee JY, Park JY, Kim Y, Kang CH. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4706 Suppresses Periodontitis in Osteoclasts, Inflammation-Inducing Cells, and Ligature-Induced Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224869. [PMID: 36432555 PMCID: PMC9694000 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by tooth loss due to inflammation and the loss of alveolar bone. Periodontitis is closely related to various systemic diseases and is emerging as a global health problem. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in vitro on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) LPS-activated RAW264.7 and human gingival fibroblasts-1 (HGF-1) cells and the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of LAB on RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. All LAB strains (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4706, MG4709, and MG4711) inhibited nitric oxide (NO)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in P. gingivalis LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8 and MMP-9) in HGF-1 cells. In addition, LAB treatment inhibited osteoclastogenesis by reducing tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and cathepsin K (CtsK) through the downregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and c-fos gene expression in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Administration of MG4706 alleviated alveolar bone loss indices and reduced the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8, MMP-9, and RANKL/OPG ratio in gingival tissue. In conclusion, L. rhamnosus MG4706 has the potential to alleviate periodontitis.
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15
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Fernández J, Jiménez C, Benadof D, Morales P, Astorga J, Cáceres F, Hernández M, Fernández A, Valenzuela F. MMP-9 Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Chilean Rosacea Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179858. [PMID: 36077255 PMCID: PMC9455966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose prevalence rates remain unknown in Chile. Laboratory benchmark testing for this disease is not useful, therefore, we aimed to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of extracellular metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 as novel rosacea biomarkers. We designed a cross-sectional study with a control group. Participants were systemically healthy adults (n = 20) and persons with rosacea (n = 18). We performed a periodontal evaluation and collected gingival crevicular fluid to measure MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. Analysis showed mean and standard deviation of MMP-9 concentrations in the GCF for patients with rosacea was 764.52 ± 569.83 pg/mL; for healthy patients, it was 260.69 ± 170.43 pg/mL (p < 0.05). The diagnosis of rosacea was responsible for the levels of MMP-9 in the GCF (p < 0.05), as opposed to periodontitis, smoking, and age (p > 0.05). The Area under ROC for MMP-9 was 0.869 (95%, C.I: 0.719−0.956), with a sensitivity of 72.22% and specificity of 81.58% for the diagnosis of rosacea. We conclude that the quantification of MMP-9 in the GCF could be used as a biomarker of rosacea. Also, rosacea was responsible for increasing the levels of MMP-9 in the GCF independent of periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández
- Centro Internacional de Estudios Clínicos, Probity Medical Research, Santiago 8420383, Chile
| | - Constanza Jiménez
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile
| | - Dafna Benadof
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile
| | - Paulina Morales
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile
| | - Jessica Astorga
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Felipe Cáceres
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Alejandra Fernández
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (F.V.); Tel.: +56-2-2661-5834 (A.F.); +56-2-2978-8173 (F.V.)
| | - Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Av. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago 7620157, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (F.V.); Tel.: +56-2-2661-5834 (A.F.); +56-2-2978-8173 (F.V.)
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16
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Umeizudike KA, Lähteenmäki H, Räisänen IT, Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM, Bissett SM, Tervahartiala T, O Nwhator S, Pärnänen P, Sorsa T. Ability of matrix metalloproteinase-8 biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA immunoassays to differentiate between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:558-567. [PMID: 35304757 PMCID: PMC9311725 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of an MMP‐8 biosensor assay in differentiating periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis and compare it with an established time‐resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Background Currently available antibody‐based assays display a wide variability in their ability to accurately measure matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) levels in saliva. Methods Salivary MMP‐8 levels were analyzed in 189 systemically healthy participants using an antibody‐based biosensor prototype that operates using a surface acoustic wave technology and compared with IFMA and ELISA antibody assays. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: periodontal health (59), gingivitis (63), and periodontitis (67). A sub‐population of participants (n = 20) with periodontitis received periodontal treatment and were monitored for 6 months. Results All the assays demonstrated significantly higher salivary MMP‐8 concentrations in participants with periodontitis versus gingivitis, periodontitis versus health, and gingivitis versus health (all p < .05). The biosensor data demonstrated significant correlations with IFMA (r = .354, p < .001) and ELISA (r = .681, p < .001). Significant reductions in salivary MMP‐8 concentrations were detected by the biosensor (p = .030) and IFMA (p = .002) in participants with periodontitis 6 months after non‐surgical periodontal treatment. IFMA had the best sensitivity (89.2%) for detecting periodontitis and gingivitis versus health and 96.6% for detecting periodontitis versus health and gingivitis. The biosensor had an AUC value of 0.81 and diagnostic accuracy of 74.2% for differentiating periodontitis and gingivitis from health; an AUC value of 0.86 and diagnostic accuracy of 82.8% for periodontitis versus health and gingivitis. Conclusions The biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA assays differentiated between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis based on salivary MMP‐8 levels. Only the biosensor and, particularly, IFMA identified an effect of periodontal treatment in the participants with periodontitis. Our findings support the potential utility of salivary oral fluid aMMP‐8‐based point‐of‐care technology in the future of periodontal diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Adesola Umeizudike
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John J Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Susan M Bissett
- School of Dental Sciences and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solomon O Nwhator
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Mezawa M, Tsuruya Y, Yamaguchi A, Yamazaki-Takai M, Kono T, Okada H, McCulloch CA, Ogata Y. TNF-α regulates the composition of the basal lamina and cell-matrix adhesions in gingival epithelial cells. Cell Adh Migr 2022; 16:13-24. [PMID: 35137648 PMCID: PMC8837257 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2022.2029237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin 5, type 4 collagen, and α6β4 integrin contribute to the formation of hemidesmosomes in the epithelia of periodontal tissues, which is critical for the development and maintenance of the dentogingival junction. As it is not known whether TNF-α alters the composition of the epithelial pericellular matrix, human gingival epithelial cells were cultured in the presence or absence of TNF-α. Treatment with TNF-α accelerated epithelial cell migration and closure of in vitro wounds. These data indicate unexpectedly, that TNF-α promotes the formation of the pericellular matrix around epithelial cells and enhances adhesion of epithelial cells to the underlying matrix, properties which are important for cell migration and the integrity of the dentogingival junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Mezawa
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yuto Tsuruya
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Mizuho Yamazaki-Takai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kono
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan.,Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan.,Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | | | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
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18
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Lähteenmäki H, Tervahartiala T, Räisänen IT, Pärnänen P, Mauramo M, Gupta S, Sampson V, Rathnayake N, Heikkinen AM, Alassiri S, Gieselmann DR, Frankenberger R, Sorsa T. Active MMP-8 point-of-care (PoC)/chairside enzyme-test as an adjunctive tool for early and real-time diagnosis of peri-implantitis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:485-496. [PMID: 35118828 PMCID: PMC9033547 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of the active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP‐8)‐point‐of‐care (PoC) test as a quantitative real‐time chair‐side diagnostic tool for peri‐implant diagnosis, as well as assess the potentially developing and ongoing risk relative to the traditional clinical methods. Background Current peri‐implant and periodontal disease diagnoses rely on clinical and radiological examinations. This case‐control study investigated the applicability of aMMP‐8‐PoC immunotest for quantitative real‐time diagnosis and monitoring of dental implants in health and disease. Methods Sixty‐eight patients visiting a specialist clinic for maintenance following dental implant placement underwent assessment of their peri‐implant health. aMMP‐8‐PoC peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) lateral‐flow immunotests were performed using ImplantSafe® technology quantitated by ORALyzer®. In addition, the PISF samples were analyzed for total MMP‐8, calprotectin, and interleukin (IL)‐6 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), aMMP‐8 by western immunoblot, and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 by gelatin zymography. Results The aMMP‐8‐PoC test promptly recorded and reflected peri‐implant disease, differentiating it clearly from health. X‐ray findings (bone loss > 2 mm), peri‐implant pocket depth ≥ 3 mm, and bleeding on probing were significantly more prevalent among implants positive for the aMMP‐8‐PoC test. aMMP‐8/ORALyzer analysis was more precise in recording disease than total MMP‐8, calprotectin, IL‐6, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9. Conclusions The aMMP‐8‐PoC test can be conveniently implemented to alert for and detect active collagenolysis affecting peri‐implant tissues, both in the early and advanced stages of the disease. Active and fragmented MMP‐8 exhibits a strong and significant association with peri‐implantitis as compared to total MMP‐8 and other biomarkers and can be utilized as the POC/chairside biomarker of choice in the new classification of peri‐implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Mauramo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLab, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Unit of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Victoria Sampson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nilminie Rathnayake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saeed Alassiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department for Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, Philipps University Marburg and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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19
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Becerra-Ruiz JS, Ramírez-De los Santos S, Alonso-Sánchez CC, Martínez-Esquivias F, Martínez-Pérez LA, Padilla-González AC, Rivera-Santana GA, Guerrero- Velázquez C, López-Pulido EI, Guzmán-Flores JM. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha polymorphism -308 G/a and its protein in subjects with gingivitis. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:630-635. [PMID: 34027804 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1928280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) (-308 G/A) polymorphism and gingivitis, and serum and salivary TNF- α levels, in a Mexican population. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study enrolled 171 subjects, divided into two groups: healthy subjects and gingivitis patients. TNF- α (-308 G/A) gene polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP assay. Salivary and serum samples were used to measure cytokine levels through the ELISA technique. RESULTS TNF- α (-308 G/A) polymorphism was shown to have a protective effect in carriers of the A/A genotype and allele A. The G/A genotype is associated with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the gingivitis group. Healthy individuals had higher levels of salivary TNF- α and HDL-C, and increased salivary flow. Triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased in the gingivitis group. No statistical differences were found in serum TNF- α levels. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that the TNF- α -308 A/A genotype exerts a protective effect against gingivitis. Moreover, oral conditions are associated with some biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saúl Ramírez-De los Santos
- Biosciences Research Institute, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Celia Guerrero- Velázquez
- Institute for Research in Dentistry, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Edgar Iván López-Pulido
- Biosciences Research Institute, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, México
| | - Juan Manuel Guzmán-Flores
- Biosciences Research Institute, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, México
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20
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Two-year randomized clinical trial of different restorative techniques in non-carious cervical lesions and MMP activity in gingival crevicular fluid. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1889-1902. [PMID: 34505916 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate different restorative techniques for non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in gingival crevicular fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred restorations were performed in 50 patients using resin composite restorative system without (I) and with selective enamel conditioning (II) and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement without (III) and with EDTA pretreatment (IV). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected in 15 patients. Restorations were evaluated using USPHS criteria at baseline and after 2 years. Percentages of MMP activity were assessed by zymography as a surrogate outcome. Equality tests of two proportions, logistic regression analysis, survival analysis, ANOVA repeated measures, and Fisher tests were used. RESULTS No differences in clinical performance were found among groups. Group I had lower retention at 2 years than at baseline. Decreased alpha scores for marginal integrity and marginal discoloration were observed for all groups after 2 years. MMP-2 decreased after 1 year, and its activity increased back to the initial level after 2 years, mainly for groups I, II, and III. MMP-9 increased after 1 year, and it was reduced to the initial level after 2 years, mainly for group I. CONCLUSIONS All restorative techniques performed similarly in NCCLs after 2 years with initial marginal defect alterations. MMP-2 reestablished its initial levels after 2 years, and MMP-9 had few alterations over time in crevicular fluid. Clinical relevance The different restorative techniques are equally successful in NCCLs after 2 years of clinical functioning and have similar effects on MMPs present in crevicular fluid.
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21
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Zhang F, Liu E, Radaic A, Yu X, Yang S, Yu C, Xiao S, Ye C. Diagnostic potential and future directions of matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid of oral and systemic diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:180-196. [PMID: 34339782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a physiological fluid and an inflammatory serum exudate derived from the gingival plexus of blood vessels and mixed with host tissues and subgingival plaque flows. In addition to proteins, GCF contains a diverse population of cells, including desquamated epithelial cells, cytokines, electrolytes, and bacteria from adjacent plaques. Recently, matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs), which are endopeptidases that are active against extracellular macromolecules, in GCF have been revealed as potential utility biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of oral and systemic diseases, thereby facilitating the early evaluation of malignancy risk and the monitoring of disease progression and treatment response. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are specific inhibitors of matrixins that participate in the regulation of local activities of MMPs in tissues. This review provides an overview of the latest findings on the diagnostic and prognostic values of MMPs and TIMPs in GCF of oral and systemic diseases, including periodontal disease, pulpitis, peri-implantitis and cardiovascular disease as well as the extraction, detection and analytical methods for GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Enyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Allan Radaic
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shimeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Changchang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China, Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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22
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Targeting hepatocyte growth factor in epithelial-stromal interactions in an in vitro experimental model of human periodontitis. Odontology 2021; 109:912-920. [PMID: 34128105 PMCID: PMC8387255 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to progressive connective tissue degradation and loss of the tooth-supporting bone. Clinical and experimental studies suggest that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is involved in the dysregulated fibroblast–epithelial cell interactions in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to explore effects of HGF to impact fibroblast-induced collagen degradation. A patient-derived experimental cell culture model of periodontitis was applied. Primary human epithelial cells and fibroblasts isolated from periodontitis-affected gingiva were co-cultured in a three-dimensional collagen gel. The effects of HGF neutralizing antibody on collagen gel degradation were tested and transcriptome analyses were performed. HGF neutralizing antibody attenuated collagen degradation and elicited expression changes of genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion, indicating that HGF signaling inhibition leads to extensive impact on cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions. Our study highlights a potential role of HGF in periodontitis. Antagonizing HGF signaling by a neutralizing antibody may represent a novel approach for periodontitis treatment.
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23
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The Potential Impact of Salivary IL-1 on the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060729. [PMID: 34199256 PMCID: PMC8231867 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify inflammatory cytokines as salivary biomarkers for periodontal disease. The subjects were 33 Korean adults aged 23 to 71 years. Using a multiplexed bead immunoassay called Luminex, the levels of inflammatory cytokines related to periodontal disease were evaluated. Oral examination for periodontal disease and gingival bleeding was conducted. With these two independent variables, differences in inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by an independent t-test and age-adjusted ANCOVA. Among the subjects, 21 had periodontal disease and 12 were healthy subjects. The gingival bleeding status was classified into low and high levels. Among 13 inflammatory cytokines in saliva, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, and TNF-α were found to be significant biomarkers within the standard curve. The quantity of IL-1β was increased in subjects with high levels of gingival bleeding. IL-1α levels were increased in subjects with periodontal disease. After adjusting for age, the significant biomarkers for gingival bleeding and periodontal disease were IL-1β and IL-1α, respectively. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, IL-1β was confirmed as a significant biomarker. The sensitivity and specificity of IL-1β for predicting periodontitis were 88.24% and 62.5%, respectively. Therefore, IL-1 was found to be a significant biomarker for periodontal disease, and it could be used in the diagnosis of periodontal disease using saliva.
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24
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Zhang Y, Kang N, Xue F, Qiao J, Duan J, Chen F, Cai Y. Evaluation of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:266. [PMID: 34001101 PMCID: PMC8130171 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary interleukin (IL)-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) are related to periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers and to build a prediction panel for diagnosing periodontal disease. Methods A total of 80 participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional study and divided into healthy (n = 25), gingivitis (n = 24), and periodontitis (n = 31) groups based on their periodontal exam results. A full mouth periodontal examination was performed and unstimulated saliva was collected. Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP, and Pg were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Their potentials for diagnosing periodontal disease were analyzed and combined prediction panels of periodontal disease were evaluated. Results As a single marker, IL-1β showed the best diagnostic value of the four markers evaluated and exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.88 with 90% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects, an AUC value of 0.80 with 83% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating gingivitis subjects from healthy subjects and an AUC value of 0.66 with 68% sensitivity and 64% specificity for differentiating periodontitis subjects from gingivitis subjects. The combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg exhibited the highest efficacy for discriminating periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.94) and gingivitis subjects (AUC = 0.77). The combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 exhibited the best ability to discriminate gingivitis from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.84). Conclusions Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP, and Pg showed significant effectiveness for diagnosing periodontal disease. The combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg can be used to discriminate periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects and gingivitis subjects, and the combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 can be used to discriminate gingivitis subjects from healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Kang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Duan
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Peking University, No.11 Beijing Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Räisänen IT, Lähteenmäki H, Gupta S, Grigoriadis A, Sahni V, Suojanen J, Seppänen H, Tervahartiala T, Sakellari D, Sorsa T. An aMMP-8 Point-of-Care and Questionnaire Based Real-Time Diagnostic Toolkit for Medical Practitioners. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040711. [PMID: 33921148 PMCID: PMC8071538 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study is to propose an efficient strategy based on biomarkers adjunct with an interview/questionnaire covering risk factors for periodontitis for the identification of undiagnosed periodontitis by medical professionals. Active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)-8 levels in mouthrinse were analyzed by a point-of-care (PoC)/chairside lateral-flow immunotest, and salivary total MMP-8, total MMP-9 and calprotectin levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and active MMP-9 by gelatin zymography for 149 Greek patients. Patients underwent a full-mouth oral health examination for diagnosis according to the 2018 classification system of periodontal diseases. In addition, patient characteristics (risk factors: age, gender, education level, smoking and body mass index) were recorded. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis indicated better diagnostic precision to identify undiagnosed periodontitis for oral fluid biomarkers in adjunct with an interview/questionnaire compared with a plain questionnaire (i.e., risk factors): aMMP-8 AUC (95% confidence interval) = 0.834 (0.761-0.906), total MMP-8 = 0.800 (0.722-0.878), active MMP-9 = 0.787 (0.704-0.870), total MMP-9 = 0.773 (0.687-0.858) and calprotectin = 0.773 (0.687-0.858) vs. questionnaire = 0.764 (0.676-0.851). The findings of this study suggest that oral fluid biomarker analysis, such as a rapid aMMP-8 PoC immunotest, could be used as an adjunct to an interview/questionnaire to improve the precision of timely identification of asymptomatic, undiagnosed periodontitis patients by medical professionals. This strategy appears to be viable for referring patients to a dentist for diagnosis and treatment need assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismo T. Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Unit of Periodontology, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Andreas Grigoriadis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- 424 General Military Training Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vaibhav Sahni
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Juho Suojanen
- Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Päijät-Häme Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, 15850 Lahti, Finland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden
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26
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Zhang W, Jia L, Zhao B, Xiong Y, Wang YN, Liang J, Xu X. Quercetin reverses TNF‑α induced osteogenic damage to human periodontal ligament stem cells by suppressing the NF‑κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:39. [PMID: 33537804 PMCID: PMC7891819 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Quer) is a typical antioxidant flavonoid from plants that is involved in bone metabolism, as well as in the progression of inflammatory diseases. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a typical pro-inflammatory cytokine, can affect osteogenesis. In the present study, TNF-α was used to establish an in vitro model of periodontitis. The effects of Quer on, as well as its potential role in the osteogenic response of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) under TNF-α-induced inflammatory conditions and the underlying mechanisms were then investigated. Within the appropriate concentration range, Quer did not exhibit any cytotoxicity. More importantly, Quer significantly attenuated the TNF-α induced the suppression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized matrix in the hPDLSCs. These findings were associated with the fact that Quer inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, as well as the expression of NLRP3 inflammation-associated proteins in the inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, the silencing of NLRP3 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was found to protect the hPDLSCs against TNF-α-induced osteogenic damage, which was in accordance with the effects of Quer. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that Quer reduces the impaired osteogenesis of hPDLSCs under TNF-α-induced inflammatory conditions by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Thus, Quer may prove to be a potential remedy against periodontal bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Linglu Jia
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Xiong
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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27
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Mikolai C, Branitzki-Heinemann K, Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis A, Stiesch M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Winkel A. Neutrophils exhibit an individual response to different oral bacterial biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 13:1856565. [PMID: 33391628 PMCID: PMC7733916 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1856565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral innate immunity is led by neutrophils. It is still unclear how their main antimicrobial mechanisms against different biofilms may contribute to balance or dysregulation in the oral cavity. We investigated the capacity of commensal (Streptococcus oralis) and pathogenic (Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) monospecies biofilms to induce or to inhibit selected antimicrobial mechanisms of neutrophils. S. oralis induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 8 and 9 secretion. However, these responses were partially reduced in PMA-activated neutrophils indicating a balance-like neutrophil response, which might be important for the maintenance of oral health. P. gingivalis generally induced ROS. Reduced NET formation and significantly decreased MMP secretion were detectable in activated neutrophils highlighting P. gingivalis’ nucleolytic and proteolytic activity, which might support bacterial colonization and pathogenesis of periodontitis. In contrast, A. actinomycetemcomitans did not affect the levels of antimicrobial factors in activated neutrophils and induced NET formation, ROS production, and secretion of MMP-8 and -9 in neutrophils alone, which might contribute to tissue destruction and disease progression. In summary, neutrophil responses to biofilms were species-specific and might support either maintenance of oral health or pathogenesis of periodontitis depending on the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mikolai
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katja Branitzki-Heinemann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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28
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Räisänen IT, Umeizudike KA, Pärnänen P, Heikkilä P, Tervahartiala T, Nwhator SO, Grigoriadis A, Sakellari D, Sorsa T. Periodontal disease and targeted prevention using aMMP-8 point-of-care oral fluid analytics in the COVID-19 era. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110276. [PMID: 33254580 PMCID: PMC7492808 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic multifactorial infectious and inflammatory disease associated with several chronic systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease and so on. These same systemic diseases have been associated with severe COVID-19 infections. Several recent studies have suggested hypotheses for the potential association between periodontal disease and severe COVID-19. Periodontal disease is also one of the most prevalent diseases globally. All this supports the importance of good oral health, also in the COVID-19 era. Thus, new strategies and approaches to identify patients at risk of periodontal disease could be beneficial to enhance secondary prevention, especially if targeted to COVID-19 risk groups. Diagnostic biomarkers for periodontal disease have been researched extensively. Potential biomarkers in oral fluid with currently available rapid non-invasive point-of-care technology, such as aMMP-8, could help to extend screening and identification of patients at risk for periodontal disease also to situations and places where professional dental expertise and equipment are limited or unavailable. i.e., nursing and care homes, and rural and distant places. The oral fluid point-of-care technologies could also be useful in the hands of medical professionals (diabetes, CVD, etc.) to identify patients at risk for undiagnosed periodontal disease and to refer them to a dentist for examination and evaluation. Finally, if there is a causality between periodontal disease and severe COVID-19 infections, these point-of-care oral fluid biomarker technologies could possibly also help in the assessment of the risk of deterioration and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kehinde A Umeizudike
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Heikkilä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solomon O Nwhator
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Andreas Grigoriadis
- Department of Periodontology, 424 General Army Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Implant Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Implant Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Lähteenmäki H, Umeizudike KA, Heikkinen AM, Räisänen IT, Rathnayake N, Johannsen G, Tervahartiala T, Nwhator SO, Sorsa T. aMMP-8 Point-of-Care/Chairside Oral Fluid Technology as a Rapid, Non-Invasive Tool for Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis Screening in a Medical Care Setting. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080562. [PMID: 32764436 PMCID: PMC7460514 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This communication article addresses currently available rapid non-invasive methods to screen and detect periodontitis and dental peri-implantitis. In this regard, oral fluid biomarkers have been researched extensively but self-reported oral health (SROH)-questionnaires have also been developed. Both alternatives may offer a quick and easy way to screen and detect diseased patients. Active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP-8) is one of the most validated biomarkers for screening and detecting periodontal breakdown related to periodontitis and peri-implantitis and monitoring their treatment effects revealing successful, less- and non-successful treatment results. Currently available aMMP-8 lateral-flow technologies allow this kind of analysis, as demonstrated here, to be conducted quantitatively online and real-time as point-of-care/chairside testing in dental and even medical care settings. In this study, an aMMP-8 peri-implant sulcular fluid point-of-care-test diagnosed peri-implantitis and healthy implants far more accurately than bleeding-on-probing or the other biomarkers, such as polymorphonuclear (PMN)/neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase and MMP-9. Although, SROH-questionnaires allow screening in similar settings but they lack the information about the current disease activity of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, which is of essential value in periodontal diagnostics and treatment monitoring. Thus, both methods can be considered as adjunct methods for periodontitis and peri-implant diagnostics, but the value of oral fluid biomarkers analysis does not seem to be substitutable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (A.M.H.); (N.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Kehinde A. Umeizudike
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos 100213, Nigeria;
| | - Anna Maria Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (A.M.H.); (N.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Ismo T. Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (A.M.H.); (N.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nilminie Rathnayake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (A.M.H.); (N.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Gunnar Johannsen
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (A.M.H.); (N.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Solomon O. Nwhator
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife A234, Nigeria;
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (A.M.H.); (N.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
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Effects of Endotoxin Tolerance Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide on Inflammatory Responses in Neutrophils. Inflammation 2020; 43:1692-1706. [PMID: 32440987 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a dental plaque-induced chronic inflammatory disease. Long-term exposure of the host to periodontal pathogens leads to a hyporesponsive state to the following stimulations, which is described as endotoxin tolerance. Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cells in the body. To clarify the roles of endotoxin tolerance in periodontitis, inflammatory responses in Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-tolerized neutrophils were explored in this study. Here, apoptosis and respiratory burst in neutrophils upon single or repeated P. gingivalis LPS stimulations were explored by flow cytometry. Cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10) in tolerized neutrophils or neutrophils co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by ELISA. Phagocytosis of P. gingivalis by tolerized neutrophils was also assayed by flow cytometry. In addition, quality and quantitation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation were detected using immunofluorescence microscope and microplate reader, respectively. The protein expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) were examined to identify possible mechanisms for the abovementioned changes. Tolerance induced by P. gingivalis LPS significantly suppressed apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and phagocytosis in neutrophils (p < 0.05). In both neutrophils alone and co-culture system, repeated P. gingivalis LPS stimulations significantly decreased TNF-α production, but increased IL-10 secretion (p < 0.05). Moreover, in tolerized neutrophils, NET formations were strengthened and there were more released extracellular DNA (p < 0.05). In P. gingivalis LPS-tolerized neutrophils, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was suppressed compared with that in non-tolerized cells. Taken together, immune responses in neutrophils were reprogrammed by P. gingivalis LPS-induced tolerance, which might be related with the development of inflammation in periodontal tissues. Moreover, ERK1/2 might play important roles in endotoxin tolerance triggered by P. gingivalis LPS.
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Sorsa T, Alassiri S, Grigoriadis A, Räisänen IT, Pärnänen P, Nwhator SO, Gieselmann DR, Sakellari D. Active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) as a Grading and Staging Biomarker in the Periodontitis Classification. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10020061. [PMID: 31979091 PMCID: PMC7168924 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of incorporating active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) as a biomarker into the new periodontitis classification system (stage/grade) presented in 2018. This study included 150 Greek adults aged 25-78, of whom 74 were men and 76 women. Participants were tested with an aMMP-8 point-of-care mouthrinse test, after which a full-mouth clinical examination was performed to assess their periodontal and oral health. The aMMP-8 levels in mouthrinse were significantly lower among healthy patients compared with patients in more severe periodontitis stages and grades (Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn-Bonferroni test for pairwise post-hoc comparisons; p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, aMMP-8 levels were less correlated with plaque levels than bleeding on probing (BOP) (Spearman's rho = 0.269, p < 0.001; Spearman's rho = 0.586, p < 0.001); respectively). Thus, aMMP-8 was more robust to the confounding effects of oral hygiene than traditional periodontal parameter bleeding on probing. The aMMP-8 point-of-care mouthrinse test can be utilized as an adjunctive and preventive diagnostic tool to identify periodontal disease, classified by stage and grade, and ongoing periodontal breakdown chairside in clinical practice in only 5 min. Overall, integrating aMMP-8 into the new periodontitis classification system seems beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8) FI-00014, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (I.T.R.)
| | - Saeed Alassiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8) FI-00014, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Grigoriadis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- 424 General Army Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ismo T. Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8) FI-00014, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (I.T.R.)
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8) FI-00014, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solomon O. Nwhator
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220104, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Dirk-Rolf Gieselmann
- Institute for Molecular Diagnostics (IMOD), Bonner Str. 84, 42697 Solingen, Germany
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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