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da Fonseca RX, Gomes da Cruz CJ, Soares EDMKVK, Garcia GL, Porto LGG, Molina GE. Post-exercise heart rate recovery and its speed are associated with resting-reactivity cardiovagal modulation in healthy women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5526. [PMID: 38448470 PMCID: PMC10917800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to expand upon prior investigations of the relationship between post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) and cardiovagal resting-reactivity modulation. HRR from 1st to 5th min after maximal exercise test was correlated with a cardiovagal index of heart rate variability (SD1) at resting (supine and orthostatic positions) and its reactivity after the orthostatic stress test in 34 healthy women. Statistical analysis employed non-parametric tests with a p-value set at 5%. HRR, ∆%HRR, and coefficient of HRR (CHRR) at the 3rd and 5th min correlated with SD1 and SD1n (normalized units) in the supine position (rs = 0.36 to 0.47; p = < 0.01). From the 1st to 5th min, HRR, ∆%HRR, and CHRR correlated with SD1 and SD1n in the orthostatic position (rs = 0.29 to 0.47; p = ≤ 0.01 to 0.05), except for HRR at 5th min with SD1n (p = 0.06). Following the orthostatic stress test, HRR at 3rd and HRR, %∆HRR at 5th min correlated with ∆absSD1 (rs = 0.28 to 0.35; p = 0.02 to 0.05). All HRR measurements at 1st min correlated with ∆absSD1n (rs = 0.32 to 0.38; p = 0.01 to 0.03), and the CHRR at 1st min correlated with ∆%SD1(rs = 0.37; p = 0.01). After the sample was divided into high and low cardiovagal modulation subgroups, the subgroup with high modulation at rest (supine and orthostatic) and higher cardiovagal reactivity (reduction) showed faster HRR (p = ≤ 0.01 to 0.05; ES:0.37 to 0.50). HRR throughout the 1st to 5th min positively correlates with cardiovagal modulation in the orthostatic position, and the 3rd and 5th min positively correlate with cardiovagal modulation in both postures at rest. Faster HRR following the maximal exercise test is associated with high resting-reactivity cardiovagal modulation in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Xavier da Fonseca
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- University Center Euro Americano, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Edgard de Melo Keene Von Koening Soares
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Skidemore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Giliard Lago Garcia
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- University Center Institute of Higher Education of Brasília - IESB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Morlin MT, da Cruz CJG, Guimarães FER, da Silva RAS, Porto LGG, Molina GE. High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Different Types of Exercises on Cardiac Autonomic Function. An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in CrossFit ® Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:634. [PMID: 36612955 PMCID: PMC9819219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is well established that endurance exercise has positive effects on cardiac autonomic function (CAF). However, there is still a dearth of information about the effects of regular high-intensity interval training combined with different types of exercises (HIITCE) on CAF. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare CAF at rest, its reactivity, and reactivation following maximal exercise testing in HIITCE and endurance athletes. METHODS An observational study was conducted with 34 male athletes of HIITCE (i.e., CrossFit®) [HG: n = 18; 30.6 ± 4.8 years] and endurance athletes (i.e., triathlon) [TG.: n = 16; 32.8 ± 3.6 years]. We analyzed 5 min of frequency-domain indices (TP, LF, HF, LFn, HFn, and LF/HF ratio) of heart rate variability (HRV) in both supine and orthostatic positions and its reactivity after the active orthostatic test. Post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) was assessed at 60, 180, and 300 s. Statistical analysis employed a non-parametric test with a p-value set at 5%. RESULTS The HG showed reduced HFn and increased LFn modulations at rest (supine). Overall cardiac autonomic modulation (TP) at supine and all indices of HRV at the orthostatic position were similar between groups. Following the orthostatic test, the HG showed low reactivity for all HRV indices compared to TG. After the exercise, HRR does not show a difference between groups at 60 s. However, at 180 and 300 s, an impairment of HRR was observed in HG than in TG. CONCLUSION At rest (supine), the HG showed reduced parasympathetic and increased sympathetic modulation, low reactivity after postural change, and impaired HRR compared to TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Teles Morlin
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- GEAFS—Research Group on Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- GEAFS—Research Group on Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Performance and Healthy, Faculty of Physical Education, Euro American University Center, Brasilia 70200-001, DF, Brazil
| | - Freddy Enrique Ramos Guimarães
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- GEAFS—Research Group on Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Goiano Federal Institute, Campus Morrinhos, Morrinhos 75650-000, GO, Brazil
| | - Renato André Sousa da Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Performance and Healthy, Faculty of Physical Education, Euro American University Center, Brasilia 70200-001, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- GEAFS—Research Group on Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- GEAFS—Research Group on Physiology and Epidemiology of Exercise and Physical Activity, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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Finding a rhythm: Relating ultra-short-term heart rate variability measures in healthy young adults during rest, exercise, and recovery. Auton Neurosci 2022; 239:102953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Molina GE, da Cruz CJG, Fontana KE, Soares EMKVK, Porto LGG, Junqueira LF. Post-exercise heart rate recovery and its speed are associated with cardiac autonomic responsiveness following orthostatic stress test in men. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2021; 55:220-226. [PMID: 33517781 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2021.1879394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present study sought to expand upon prior investigations of the relationship between the post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) and the cardiac autonomic responsiveness after orthostatic stress test.Method: HRR at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th min after maximal exercise test were correlated with relative change (Δ%) of time-domain (CV, pNN50, and rMSSD) and frequency-domain (TP, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio) indices of heart rate variability (HRV) after active orthostatic test in 46 healthy men. Statistical analysis employed non-parametric tests with a p-value set at 5%.Results: HRR at 1st min correlated with Δ%pNN50 (rs:0.36 - p = .02). In the 3rd and 5th min, these measures correlated with Δ%pNN50, Δ%rMSSD, Δ%CV, Δ%TP, and Δ%HF indices (rs:0.33, 0.59 - p ≤ .05). Coefficient of HRR at the 1st min correlated with Δ%pNN50, Δ%rMSSD, and Δ%HF (rs:0.28, 0.45 - p ≤ .05). The 3rd and 5th min showed correlation with Δ%pNN50, Δ%rMSSD, Δ%HF, Δ%CV, and Δ%TP (rs:0.37, 0.64 - p ≤ .05). No correlation was found with indices combined sympathetic-parasympathetic modulation and HRR. After the sample was divided into high and low parasympathetic responsiveness subgroups after the orthostatic test, faster HRR was associated with the degree of parasympathetic responsiveness (reduction) following postural change (p ≤ .05).Conclusion: HRR throughout the 1st to 5th min is positively correlated with parasympathetic responsiveness and overall cardiac autonomic modulation of HRV after the orthostatic stress test, and faster HRR is positively correlated with the relative degree of parasympathetic responsiveness after the active postural change at rest in healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme E Molina
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Area, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos J G da Cruz
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Area, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Keila E Fontana
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Edgard M K V K Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme G Porto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Area, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Morlin MT, Cruz CJGD, Melo PBS, Lopes GHR, Soares EDMKVK, Porto LGG, Molina GE. BRADYCARDIA IN ATHLETES: DOES THE TYPE OF SPORT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE? – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202026052019_0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bradycardia in athletes can range from moderate to severe, and the factors that contribute to slow heart rate are complex. Studies investigating the mechanisms associated with this condition are controversial, and may be linked to the form of exercise practiced. A systematic literature review was conducted to discuss bradycardia mechanisms in athletes who practice different forms of sport. The databases consulted were Pubmed (MEDLINE), Clinical Trials, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Sport Discus and PEDro. The search included English language articles published up to January 2019, that evaluated athletes who practiced different forms of sport. One hundred and ninety-three articles were found, ten of which met the inclusion criteria, with 1549 male and female athletes who practiced diverse forms of sport. Resting heart rate and cardiac structure were studied in association with the form of sport practiced, through heart rate variability, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and pharmacological blockade. The studies suggest that a slow resting heart rate cannot be explained by increased vagal modulation alone, but also includes changes in cardiac structure. According to the studies, different sports seem to produce different cardiac responses, and the bradycardia found in athletes can be explained by non-autonomic and autonomic mechanisms, depending on the type of effort or the form of sport practiced. However, the mechanism underlying the slow heart rate in each form of sport is still unclear. Level of evidence II; Prognostic studies - Investigating the effect of a patient characteristic on the outcome of disease.
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Cardiac Autonomic Function in the First Hours of Postnatal Life: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study in Term Neonates. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:1703-1708. [PMID: 31529226 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) within the first hours of extrauterine life in term neonates. HRV at 2-h and 14-h postpartum were compared by means of time domains (iRR, SDNN, and rMSSD); frequency domains (TP, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio); and Poincare's Plot (SD1 and SD2) indices of HRV in 27 healthy, male, term newborns (NBs) born of elective cesarean delivery. Within 14 h after birth, the mean of the iRRs increased (Δ% = 4.4, p < 0.001) as well as parasympathetic indices (rMSSD: Δ% = 32.6; p < 0.03; HF: Δ% = 43.6; p < 0.00; SD1: Δ% = 32.6, p < 0.03). Respiratory rate (RR) decreased (RR: 2 h = 48 (43-55) cycle/min vs. 14 h = 45 (40-48) cycle/min p < 0.01). We concluded that within the first 14 h of birth, cardiac autonomic adjustments are characterized by an increase in parasympathetic activity. Concurrently, there were no significant changes observed in all other HRV indices in healthy, male, term neonates, and born of elective cesarean delivery.
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Porto LGG, Schmidt ACB, de Souza JM, Nogueira RM, Fontana KE, Molina GE, Korre M, Smith DL, Junqueira LF, Kales SN. Firefighters’ basal cardiac autonomic function and its associations with cardiorespiratory fitness. Work 2019; 62:485-495. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-192883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Guilherme G. Porto
- Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Scholarship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, CNPq, Brazil
- Cardiovascular Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Maximo de Souza
- Physiotherapy Course, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Campus Ceilândia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Rosenkranz Maciel Nogueira
- Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Federal District (Brasilia) Military Firefighter Brigade, CBMDF, SAM lote D, modulo E, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Keila E. Fontana
- Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme E. Molina
- Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Cardiovascular Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Korre
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Denise L. Smith
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Luiz Fernando Junqueira
- Cardiology Division, Clinical Medicine Area, Cardiovascular Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Stefanos N. Kales
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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da Cruz CJG, Porto LGG, da Silva Rolim P, de Souza Pires D, Garcia GL, Molina GE. Impact of heart rate on reproducibility of heart rate variability analysis in the supine and standing positions in healthy men. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e806. [PMID: 31411277 PMCID: PMC6683304 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The reliability of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is not yet fully understood, especially considering different body positions and the mathematical influence of heart rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of HRV in supine and standing positions, with and without mathematical adjustment of HRV by the average R-R interval (iRR). METHODS We evaluated 37 young males (23.1±4 years; 25.1±3 kg/m2). A 5-min segment of the iRR was collected in the supine and standing positions on three occasions separated by 48-hour intervals. Absolute and relative reliability of temporal and spectral indices were assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. RESULTS We did not observe differences in HRV indices in the three occasions in the supine or standing position (p>0.05). Moderate to good reproducibility was observed for temporal and spectral indices of HRV in the supine position (ICC: 0.65-0.89; CV: 0.9-19.8). In the orthostatic position, low to good reproducibility was observed (ICC: 0.35-0.89; CV: 1.1-34.8), with higher ICCs for temporal indices. After mathematical adjustment, only a small modification in HRV reliability was observed in both positions. CONCLUSIONS In young adult males, the mathematical adjustment of HRV by the average iRR led to a nonsignificant effect on HRV reliability. Additionally, HRV reliability is dependent on body position and the index analyzed. Promising measures in both supine and standing positions include r-MSSD and the HF band (parasympathetic indices).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Funcao Autonomica Cardiaca (GEFAC), Centro Universitario Euro Americano - UNIEURO, Brasilia, DF, BR
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia do Exercicio, Faculdade de Educacao Fisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia do Exercicio, Faculdade de Educacao Fisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BR
| | - Paloma da Silva Rolim
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Funcao Autonomica Cardiaca (GEFAC), Centro Universitario Euro Americano - UNIEURO, Brasilia, DF, BR
| | - Deleon de Souza Pires
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Funcao Autonomica Cardiaca (GEFAC), Centro Universitario Euro Americano - UNIEURO, Brasilia, DF, BR
| | - Giliard Lago Garcia
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia do Exercicio, Faculdade de Educacao Fisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BR
| | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia do Exercicio, Faculdade de Educacao Fisica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BR
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Cruz CJGD, Molina GE, Porto LGG, Junqueira LF. Resting Bradycardia, Enhanced Postexercise Heart Rate Recovery and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Recreational Ballroom Dancers. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2017; 88:371-376. [PMID: 28506112 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2017.1318202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a cross-sectional study design, we evaluated the resting heart rate (HRbaseline) and exercise and postexercise stress test-related chronotropic responses in male practitioners of recreational ballroom dancing (BD; n = 25, Mage = 26.6 ± 6.1 years) compared to a control group of insufficiently active nondancers (CG; n = 25, Mage = 25.9 ± 4.5 years). METHOD All participants underwent a submaximal exercise test. At 85% of the maximal predicted HR, the recovery protocol was started, and heart rate recovery (HRR) was recorded during 1-min intervals for 5 min. RESULTS Compared with CG, BD showed lower HRbaseline (70 beats per minute [bpm] vs. 62 bpm, respectively, U = 143, p < .05, ES = .46), lower preexercise HR (94 bpm vs. 86 bpm, U = 157, p < .05, ES = .42), longer exercise test duration (346 s vs. 420 s, U = 95.5, p < .05, ES = .59), and higher HRR for 5 min postexercise (U = 1.29-1.89, p < .05, ES = .33-.50) as follows: 1st min (32 bpm vs. 40 bpm), 2nd min (45 bpm vs. 53 bpm), 3rd min (51 bpm vs. 58 bpm), 4th min (55 bpm vs. 59 bpm), and 5th min (59 bpm vs. 63 bpm). The coefficient of HRR from the 1st min to the 5th min postexercise was similar in both groups (U = 229-311, p > .05, ES = < .10-.22). CONCLUSION Heightened cardiovascular functional status characterized by favorable enhanced chronotropic dynamics appears to occur in practitioners of recreational ballroom dancing, which suggests that this modality of exercise may result in health benefits.
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Garcia GL, Porto LGG, Fontana KE, Gomes CJ, Junqueira Jr LF, Molina GE. EFEITO DE DIFERENTES PROTOCOLOS DE RECUPERAÇÃO SOBRE A FUNÇÃO AUTONÔMICA CARDÍACA. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220172301161201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: A avaliação da função autonômica cardíaca (FAC) após o teste de esforço (TE) é considerada um preditor poderoso e independente de risco cardiovascular. É escasso o conhecimento da influência de diferentes protocolos de recuperação sobre a FAC após TE em esteira rolante com os voluntários na posição ortostática. Objetivo: Comparar a reativação vagal e o grau de modulação global da FAC em dois diferentes protocolos de recuperação, passiva (RP) e ativa (RA), imediatamente após TE submáximo em esteira rolante. Métodos: Foram avaliados 24 homens fisicamente ativos com idade (média ± DP) de 27,2 ± 4,4 anos e IMC 24,8 ± 1,8 kg/m2. A ordem dos protocolos de recuperação foi definida de forma aleatória. Os testes foram realizados com intervalo de sete dias. Ambas as recuperações foram realizadas na posição ortostática durante cinco minutos, imediatamente após TE. Os índices temporais da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca foram utilizados para avaliar a reativação vagal e o grau de modulação global de FAC, rMSSD e SDNN, respectivamente, na RP e RA. Após análise da distribuição dos dados, utilizaram-se os testes de Mann-Whitney e de Friedman com post-hoc de Dum, no nível de significância de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Verificou-se maior reativação vagal no primeiro minuto de recuperação na RP comparativamente a RA [4,1 (4,9-3,4) ms vs. 3,4 (4,0-2,9) ms, p = 0,03] e maior grau de modulação global da FAC do terceiro ao quinto minuto e tendência a diferença significativa no segundo minuto de RP comparativamente a RA (p = 0,09-0,005). Conclusão: Os achados demonstram que o mínimo esforço físico, como caminhar lentamente sobre a esteira rolante, diminuiu a reativação vagal e o grau de modulação global da FAC após o TE submáximo em homens fisicamente ativos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Universidade de Brasília, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
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Molina GE, Fontana KE, Porto LGG, Junqueira LF. Post-exercise heart-rate recovery correlates to resting heart-rate variability in healthy men. Clin Auton Res 2016; 26:415-421. [PMID: 27510618 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-016-0378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
JUSTIFICATIVE The relationship between post-exercise heart-rate recovery (HRR) and resting cardiac autonomic modulation is an incompletely explored issue. OBJECTIVE To correlate HRR with resting supine and orthostatic autonomic status. METHOD HRR at the 1st, 3th, and 5th min following maximal treadmill exercise were correlated with 5-min time-domain (CV, pNN50 and rMSSD) and frequency-domain (TP, LF, HF, LFn, HFn, and LF/HF ratio) indices of heart-rate variability (HRV) in both supine and standing positions in 31 healthy physically active non-athletes men. Statistical analysis employed non-parametric tests with two-tailed p value set at 5 %. RESULTS Absolute HRR and Δ %HRR at each post-exercise time did not correlated with HRV in supine position, as well as at 1st min in standing position. At the 3rd min and 5th min, these measures negatively correlated with pNN50, rMSSD, TP, and HF indices, and only in the 5th min, they showed negative correlation with HFn and positive correlation with LF, LFn, and LF/HF ratio in the standing position. Coefficient of HRR (CHRR) at the 1st min negatively correlated with pNN50 and rMSSD and at 3rd and 5th min showed positive correlation with LFn and LF/HF ratio in supine position. With HRV indices in standing position CHRR from the 1st to 5th min showed the same respective negative and positive correlations as the other measures. CONCLUSION HRR from the 1st to 5th min post-exercise negatively correlated with parasympathetic modulation in resting orthostatic, but showed no correlation in supine position. At the 3rd and 5th min, a positive correlation with combined sympathetic-parasympathetic modulation in both positions was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Area, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. .,Medical Sciences Postgraduate Course, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. .,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| | - Keila Elizabeth Fontana
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Area, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.,Scholarship from the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Junqueira
- Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Area, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.,Medical Sciences Postgraduate Course, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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da Silva VP, de Oliveira NA, Silveira H, Mello RGT, Deslandes AC. Heart rate variability indexes as a marker of chronic adaptation in athletes: a systematic review. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2015; 20:108-18. [PMID: 25424360 PMCID: PMC6931675 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular exercise promotes functional and structural changes in the central and peripheral mechanisms of the cardiovascular system. Heart rate variability (HRV) measurement provides a sensitive indicator of the autonomic balance. However, because of the diversity of methods and variables used, the results are difficult to compare in the sports sciences. Since the protocol (supine, sitting, or standing position) and measure (time or frequency domain) are not well defined, the aim of this study is to investigate the HRV measures that better indicates the chronic adaptations of physical exercise in athletes. METHOD PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library), and Scopus databases were consulted. Original complete articles in English with short-term signals evaluating young and adult athletes, between 17 and 40 years old, with a control group, published up to 2013 were included. RESULTS Selected 19 of 1369 studies, for a total sample pool of 333 male and female athletes who practice different sports. The main protocols observed were the supine or standing positions in free or controlled breathing conditions. The main statistical results found in this study were the higher mean RR, standard deviation of RR intervals, and high frequency in athletes group. In addition, the analyses of Cohen's effect size showed that factors as modality of sport, protocol used and unit of measure selected could influence this expected results. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that time domain measures are more consistent than frequency domain to describe the chronic cardiovascular autonomic adaptations in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pereira da Silva
- Psychiatric InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ)Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Centro de Instrução Almirante Alexandrino—Brazilian NavyRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Exercise Neuroscience Laboratory—LaNExRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Natacha Alves de Oliveira
- Psychiatric InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ)Brazil
- Exercise Neuroscience Laboratory—LaNExRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Heitor Silveira
- Psychiatric InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ)Brazil
- Exercise Neuroscience Laboratory—LaNExRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Roger Gomes Tavares Mello
- Biomedical Engineering ProgramFederal University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory—LaFEB, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Naval Academy—Brazilian NavyRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Andrea Camaz Deslandes
- Psychiatric InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ)Brazil
- Exercise Neuroscience Laboratory—LaNExRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Response to the letter by Anthony S. Leicht.: Bradycardia-changes in intrinsic rate rather than cardiac autonomic modulation. doi:10.1007/s10286-013-0208-8. Clin Auton Res 2013; 24:87. [PMID: 24362505 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-013-0221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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