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Fan Q, Yan R, Li Y, Lu L, Liu J, Li S, Fu T, Xue Y, Liu J, Li Z. Exploring Immune Cell Diversity in the Lacrimal Glands of Healthy Mice: A Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Atlas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1208. [PMID: 38279208 PMCID: PMC10816500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is responsible for maintaining the health of the ocular surface through the production of tears. However, our understanding of the immune system within the lacrimal gland is currently limited. Therefore, in this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to identify and analyze immune cells and molecules present in the lacrimal glands of normal mice. A total of 34,891 cells were obtained from the lacrimal glands of mice and classified into 18 distinct cell clusters using Seurat clustering. Within these cell populations, 26 different immune cell subpopulations were identified, including T cells, innate lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, and B cells. Network analysis revealed complex cell-cell interactions between these immune cells, with particularly significant interactions observed among T cells, macrophages, plasma cells, and dendritic cells. Interestingly, T cells were found to be the main source of ligands for the Thy1 signaling pathway, while M2 macrophages were identified as the primary target of this pathway. Moreover, some of these immune cells were validated using immunohistological techniques. Collectively, these findings highlight the abundance and interactions of immune cells and provide valuable insights into the complexity of the lacrimal gland immune system and its relevance to associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Fan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.F.); (J.L.)
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Ruyu Yan
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yan Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liyuan Lu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.F.); (J.L.)
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Senmao Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Laguna A, Pusil S, Bazán À, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Paltrinieri AL, Piras P, Palomares I Perera C, Pardos Véglia A, Garcia-Algar O, Orlandi S. Multi-modal analysis of infant cry types characterization: Acoustics, body language and brain signals. Comput Biol Med 2023; 167:107626. [PMID: 37918262 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant crying is the first attempt babies use to communicate during their initial months of life. A misunderstanding of the cry message can compromise infant care and future neurodevelopmental process. METHODS An exploratory study collecting multimodal data (i.e., crying, electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), facial expressions, and body movements) from 38 healthy full-term newborns was conducted. Cry types were defined based on different conditions (i.e., hunger, sleepiness, fussiness, need to burp, and distress). Statistical analysis, Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) techniques were used to identify relevant features for cry type classification and to evaluate a robust DL algorithm named Acoustic MultiStage Interpreter (AMSI). RESULTS Significant differences were found across cry types based on acoustics, EEG, NIRS, facial expressions, and body movements. Acoustics and body language were identified as the most relevant ML features to support the cause of crying. The DL AMSI algorithm achieved an accuracy rate of 92%. CONCLUSIONS This study set a precedent for cry analysis research by highlighting the complexity of newborn cry expression and strengthening the potential use of infant cry analysis as an objective, reliable, accessible, and non-invasive tool for cry interpretation, improving the infant-parent relationship and ensuring family well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan Adrián Zegarra-Valdivia
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Oscar Garcia-Algar
- Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department de Cirurgia I Especialitats Mèdico-quirúrgiques, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Orlandi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi"(DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Azman Iste F, Yon MI, Tezer FI, Saygi S. Ictal crying in epileptic seizures and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: What are the hints to differentiate them? Epilepsy Behav 2023; 147:109385. [PMID: 37619457 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ictal crying (IC) is a quite rare semiological manifestation of epileptic seizures (ESs) and it has been mostly reported in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs). However, labeling IC as a pathognomonic sign of PNES can be harmful. We first aimed to investigate IC frequency in ES and PNES and highlight the differences of IC between ES and PNES. Secondly, we aimed to analyze etiology, detailed semiology, treatment options, and outcome of patients with IC in ES in more detail. METHODS We retrospectively screened all video-EEG monitoring unit reports from Hacettepe University Hospitals' Epilepsy Center over a 20-year period (1996-2017) for the diagnosis of IC. We included the patients with IC who had at least one documented seizure. Patients who had IC with both facial expression and vocalization compatible with crying with or without weeping and subjective feeling of sadness, were included in the study. We classified patients with IC as ES and PNES. Demographic, historical, clinical, neuroimaging, electrophysiological parameters, video-EEG data, treatment options, and prognosis of all patients were recorded. Demographic, clinical, and video-EEG data were compared between ES and PNES. RESULTS During the study period, 1983 patients were investigated. Six patients (all female) with ES and 37 patients (33 female) with PNES were identified. When we compared patients with PNES and ES with IC, the number of ASMs taken and duration of disease were significantly higher in patients with ES than PNES. Longer duration of seizure, longer duration of crying component, late onset of crying component in seizure, early responsiveness after seizure, not occurring during sleep, accompanied by eye closure and weeping, were found significantly higher in patients with PNES. Besides, if we analyze ES group in more detail, all had medical treatment refractory focal epilepsy and two of them whose IC was seen as an early semiological manifestation of their seizures had good outcome after nondominant anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL)+amygdalohippocampectomy (AH). However, three patients had various cortical lesions apart from temporal lobe on MRI and one patient had focal epilepsy with frontal lobe semiology with negative MRI. CONCLUSION Although the most common etiology for IC is PNES and it is rarely seen in ES, it can be harmful to label ictal crying as a pathognomonic sign for PNES. We proposed that there are some semiological differences in terms of IC between PNES and ES. These differences may help to distinguish IC in PNES and ES in daily practice. Moreover, it can be speculated that nondominant temporal lobe involvement may be associated with IC in ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Azman Iste
- Hacettepe University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M Ilker Yon
- Hacettepe University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - F Irsel Tezer
- Hacettepe University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serap Saygi
- Hacettepe University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Laguna A, Pusil S, Acero-Pousa I, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Paltrinieri AL, Bazán À, Piras P, Palomares i Perera C, Garcia-Algar O, Orlandi S. How can cry acoustics associate newborns' distress levels with neurophysiological and behavioral signals? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1266873. [PMID: 37799341 PMCID: PMC10547902 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1266873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Even though infant crying is a common phenomenon in humans' early life, it is still a challenge for researchers to properly understand it as a reflection of complex neurophysiological functions. Our study aims to determine the association between neonatal cry acoustics with neurophysiological signals and behavioral features according to different cry distress levels of newborns. Methods Multimodal data from 25 healthy term newborns were collected simultaneously recording infant cry vocalizations, electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and videos of facial expressions and body movements. Statistical analysis was conducted on this dataset to identify correlations among variables during three different infant conditions (i.e., resting, cry, and distress). A Deep Learning (DL) algorithm was used to objectively and automatically evaluate the level of cry distress in infants. Results We found correlations between most of the features extracted from the signals depending on the infant's arousal state, among them: fundamental frequency (F0), brain activity (delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands), cerebral and body oxygenation, heart rate, facial tension, and body rigidity. Additionally, these associations reinforce that what is occurring at an acoustic level can be characterized by behavioral and neurophysiological patterns. Finally, the DL audio model developed was able to classify the different levels of distress achieving 93% accuracy. Conclusion Our findings strengthen the potential of crying as a biomarker evidencing the physical, emotional and health status of the infant becoming a crucial tool for caregivers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan Adrián Zegarra-Valdivia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Anna Lucia Paltrinieri
- Neonatology Department, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Clàudia Palomares i Perera
- Neonatology Department, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Garcia-Algar
- Neonatology Department, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department de Cirurgia I Especialitats Mèdico-Quirúrgiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Orlandi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Liu J, Si H, Huang D, Lu D, Zou S, Qi D, Pei X, Huang S, Li Z. Mechanisms of Extraorbital Lacrimal Gland Aging in Mice: An Integrative Analysis of the Temporal Transcriptome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:18. [PMID: 37695604 PMCID: PMC10501490 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study used high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics analysis to investigate the altered transcriptome profile of aging lacrimal glands in mice that occurs over the course of a 24-hour cycle. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice aged 12 weeks (young) and 20 months (aging) were housed in a pathogen-free setting with a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle. Throughout a 24-hour cycle, mouse extraorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs) were collected at eight time points at three-hour intervals. To prepare for the high-throughput RNA-Seq, whole mRNA was extracted. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the young and aging groups were subjected to bioinformatic analysis based on diurnal patterns. Furthermore, the cell populations in which significant DEGs express and signaling pathways occur were validated at the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) level. Results The total transcriptome composition was significantly altered in aging ELGs compared with that in young mouse ELGs at eight time points during the 24-hour cycle, with 864 upregulated and 228 downregulated DEGs, which were primarily enriched in inflammatory pathways. Further comparative analysis of the point-to-point transcriptome revealed that aging ELGs underwent alterations in the temporal transcriptome profile in several pathways, including the inflammation-related, metabolism-related, mitochondrial bioenergetic function-associated, synaptome neural activity-associated, cell processes-associated, DNA processing-associated and fibrosis-associated pathways. Most of these pathways occurred separately in distinct cell populations. Conclusions Transcriptome profiles of aging lacrimal glands undergo considerable diurnal time-dependent changes; this finding offers a comprehensive source of information to better understand the pathophysiology of lacrimal gland aging and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangman Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongli Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Duliurui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Zou
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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Liang H, Wu S, Yang D, Huang J, Yao X, Gong J, Qing Z, Tao L, Peng Q. Non-targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Distinct Metabolic Profiles Between Positive and Negative Emotional Tears of Humans: A Preliminary Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42985. [PMID: 37671209 PMCID: PMC10476548 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basal, reflex, and emotional tears differ in chemical components. It is not yet known whether chemical differences exist in tears of different emotions. We investigated the biochemical basis of emotional tears by performing non-targeted metabolomics analyses of positive and negative emotional tears of humans. Methods Samples of reflex, negative, and positive emotional tears were obtained from 12 healthy college participants (11 females and one male). Untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify metabolites in different types of tears. The differentially altered metabolites were screened and assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model showed that reflex, negative, and positive emotional tears were clearly separated. A total of 133 significantly differentially expressed metabolites of electrospray ionization source (ESI-) mode were identified between negative and positive emotional tears. The top 50 differentially expressed metabolites between negative and positive emotional tears were highly correlated. Pathway analysis revealed that secretion of negative emotional tears was associated with some synapses in the brain, regulation of a series of endocrine hormones, including the estrogen signaling pathway, and inflammation activities, while secretion of positive emotional tears was correlated with biotin and caffeine metabolism. Conclusions It is indicated that metabolic profiles of reflex, positive, and negative emotional tears of humans are distinct, and secretion of the tears involves distinct biological activities. Therefore, we present a chemical method for detecting human emotions, which may become a powerful tool for the diagnosis of mental diseases and the identification of fake tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, CHN
| | - Songye Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, CHN
| | - Duo Yang
- Ophthalmology Department, Jili Hospital, Liuyang, CHN
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Herbs, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, CHN
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- Ophthalmology Department, First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, CHN
| | - Jingbo Gong
- Psychiatric Disease Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, CHN
| | - Zhixing Qing
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, CHN
| | - Lijuan Tao
- Ophthalmology Department, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, CHN
| | - Qinghua Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, CHN
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Nummenmaa L, Malèn T, Nazari-Farsani S, Seppälä K, Sun L, Santavirta S, Karlsson HK, Hudson M, Hirvonen J, Sams M, Scott S, Putkinen V. Decoding brain basis of laughter and crying in natural scenes. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120082. [PMID: 37030414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Laughter and crying are universal signals of prosociality and distress, respectively. Here we investigated the functional brain basis of perceiving laughter and crying using naturalistic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach. We measured haemodynamic brain activity evoked by laughter and crying in three experiments with 100 subjects in each. The subjects i) viewed a 20-minute medley of short video clips, and ii) 30 minutes of a full-length feature film, and iii) listened to 15 minutes of a radio play that all contained bursts of laughter and crying. Intensity of laughing and crying in the videos and radio play was annotated by independent observes, and the resulting time series were used to predict hemodynamic activity to laughter and crying episodes. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to test for regional selectivity in laughter and crying evoked activations. Laughter induced widespread activity in ventral visual cortex and superior and middle temporal and motor cortices. Crying activated thalamus, cingulate cortex along the anterior-posterior axis, insula and orbitofrontal cortex. Both laughter and crying could be decoded accurately (66-77% depending on the experiment) from the BOLD signal, and the voxels contributing most significantly to classification were in superior temporal cortex. These results suggest that perceiving laughter and crying engage distinct neural networks, whose activity suppresses each other to manage appropriate behavioral responses to others' bonding and distress signals.
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Gautier J, El Haj M. Eyes don't lie: Eye movements differ during covert and overt autobiographical recall. Cognition 2023; 235:105416. [PMID: 36821995 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In everyday life, autobiographical memories are revisited silently (i.e., covert recall) or shared with others (i.e., overt recall), yet most research regarding eye movements and autobiographical recall has focused on overt recall. With that in mind, the aim of the current study was to evaluate eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories (with a focus on emotion), recollected during covert and overt recall. Forty-three participants recalled personal memories out loud and silently, while wearing eye-tracking glasses, and rated these memories in terms of mental imagery and emotional intensity. Analyses showed fewer and longer fixations, fewer and shorter saccades, and fewer blinks during covert recall compared with overt recall. Participants perceived more mental images and had a more intense emotional experience during covert recall. These results are discussed considering cognitive load theories and the various functions of autobiographical recall. We theorize that fewer and longer fixations during covert recall may be due to more intense mental imagery. This study enriches the field of research on eye movements and autobiographical memory by addressing how we retrieve memories silently, a common activity of everyday life. More broadly, our results contribute to building objective tools to measure autobiographical memory, alongside already existing subjective scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gautier
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, F44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, F44000 Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F44300, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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9
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Sammallahti S, Serdarevic F, Tiemeier H. Excessive Crying, Behavior Problems, and Amygdala Volume: A Study From Infancy to Adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:675-683. [PMID: 36758936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive crying in infancy has been associated with increased risk of later behavioral problems. To identify individuals at risk for behavioral problems and to understand the mechanisms underlying excessive crying and irritability in infancy, research into the neurobiology of excessive crying is needed. We examined whether excessive crying and irritability in infancy are associated with behavioral problems and amygdala volume among children and adolescents. METHOD This study included 4,751 singleton children from the prospective population-based Generation R Study cohort, born in the Netherlands in 2002 to 2006. Excessive crying (>3 hours on at least 1 day/wk) and irritability (Mother and Baby Scales questionnaire) were parent-rated at 3 months. Amygdala volume was measured at 10 years using magnetic resonance imaging, and internalizing and externalizing were parent-rated at 1.5, 3, 6, 10, and 14 years and self-rated at 14 years. Covariates included child age, sex, national origin, gestational age, and maternal age, psychopathology score, parity, education, relationship status, and family income. RESULTS Children who cried excessively in infancy had higher parent-rated internalizing (effect estimate = 0.20 SD-units, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.27) and externalizing (0.17 SD-units, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.24) throughout childhood (linear mixed models), and smaller amygdala volume at 10 years (-0.19 SD-units, 95% CI = -0.32, -0.06) (linear regression model). The pattern of associations for both behavioral problems and amygdala volume was similar for irritability. CONCLUSION Excessive crying and irritability in infancy may reflect an early vulnerability to behavioral problems and may be linked with neurobiological differences in the development of the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sammallahti
- Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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van Setten GB. GPR-68 in human lacrimal gland. Detection and possible role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:921-927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Erdinest N, Pincovich S, London N, Solomon A. Neurostimulation for dry eye disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:328-334. [PMID: 35779066 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the neuroanatomy and physiology of the basal and reflex tearing and present the available and developing therapies using the concept of neurostimulation in dry eye disease (DED). RECENT FINDINGS The most prevalent current DED treatments seek to supplement low tear volume and tear components or reduce inflammation. Neurostimulation is a unique approach gaining momentum in recent years, geared toward increasing the production of all basal tear components by stimulating the nerves responsible for producing the various tear components. The neuroanatomy of the lacrimal unit provides several possible access points to stimulate tear production through two arms of the sensory trigeminal nerves. Modes of stimulation include chemical or energy in electrical or magnetic form. Research thus far has shown that neurostimulation can achieve lacrimal, goblet cell, and meibomian gland stimulation. Subjectively it improves symptoms of DED. Clinically, neurostimulation has improved the signs and symptoms of DED by increasing basal tear production and tear volume. SUMMARY Neurostimulation using electrical, mechanical, or chemical means is a novel concept to increase tear production and was demonstrated to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated method for managing DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem
| | | | | | - Abraham Solomon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem
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Folz J, Fiacchino D, Nikolić M, van Steenbergen H, Kret ME. Reading Your Emotions in My Physiology? Reliable Emotion Interpretations in Absence of a Robust Physiological Resonance. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:480-497. [PMID: 35282156 PMCID: PMC8901434 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-021-00083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Affective states are expressed in an individual’s physical appearance, ranging from facial expressions and body postures, to indicators of physiological arousal (e.g., a blush). Confirming the claimed communicative function of these markers, humans are capable of distinguishing between a variety of discrete emotion displays. In an attempt to explain the underlying mechanism, characteristic bodily changes within the observer, including physiological arousal and mimicry, have been suggested to facilitate the interpretation of an expression. The current study aims to create a holistic picture of emotion perception by (1) using three different sources of emotional information (prototypical facial expressions, bodily expressions, and subtle facial cues) and (2) measuring changes in multiple physiological signals (facial electromyography, skin conductance level, skin temperature, and pupil size). While participants clearly discriminated between perceived emotional expressions, there was no overall 1–1 correspondence with their physiological responses. Some specific but robust effects were observed. Angry facial expressions were consistently responded to with a peak in skin conductance level. Furthermore, sad body expressions were associated with a drop in skin temperature. In addition to being the best recognized expression, viewing happy faces elicited congruent facial muscle responses, which supports the potential role of embodied simulation in emotion recognition. Lastly, tears were not only rated as highly emotional intense but also evoked a peak in skin conductance level in the observer. The absence of distinct physiological responses to other expressions could be explained by the lacking functionality of affect sharing in a non-interactive experimental context. Consequentially, emotional alignment in body and mind might especially take place in real social situations, which should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Folz
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 AK The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RC The Netherlands
| | - Donatella Fiacchino
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 AK The Netherlands
| | - Milica Nikolić
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 AK The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RC The Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1018 WS The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Steenbergen
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 AK The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RC The Netherlands
| | - Mariska E. Kret
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 AK The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RC The Netherlands
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Pinheiro AP, Anikin A, Conde T, Sarzedas J, Chen S, Scott SK, Lima CF. Emotional authenticity modulates affective and social trait inferences from voices. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200402. [PMID: 34719249 PMCID: PMC8558771 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human voice is a primary tool for verbal and nonverbal communication. Studies on laughter emphasize a distinction between spontaneous laughter, which reflects a genuinely felt emotion, and volitional laughter, associated with more intentional communicative acts. Listeners can reliably differentiate the two. It remains unclear, however, if they can detect authenticity in other vocalizations, and whether authenticity determines the affective and social impressions that we form about others. Here, 137 participants listened to laughs and cries that could be spontaneous or volitional and rated them on authenticity, valence, arousal, trustworthiness and dominance. Bayesian mixed models indicated that listeners detect authenticity similarly well in laughter and crying. Speakers were also perceived to be more trustworthy, and in a higher arousal state, when their laughs and cries were spontaneous. Moreover, spontaneous laughs were evaluated as more positive than volitional ones, and we found that the same acoustic features predicted perceived authenticity and trustworthiness in laughter: high pitch, spectral variability and less voicing. For crying, associations between acoustic features and ratings were less reliable. These findings indicate that emotional authenticity shapes affective and social trait inferences from voices, and that the ability to detect authenticity in vocalizations is not limited to laughter. This article is part of the theme issue 'Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Pinheiro
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrey Anikin
- Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES)/Centre de Recherche em Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM UMR_S 1028, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Division of Cognitive Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tatiana Conde
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Sarzedas
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sinead Chen
- National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Sophie K. Scott
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - César F. Lima
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
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Klingbeil J, Wawrzyniak M, Stockert A, Brandt ML, Schneider HR, Metelmann M, Saur D. Pathological laughter and crying: insights from lesion network-symptom-mapping. Brain 2021; 144:3264-3276. [PMID: 34142117 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of pathological laughter and crying (PLC) allows insights into the neural basis of laughter and crying, two hallmarks of human nature. PLC is defined by brief, intense and frequent episodes of uncontrollable laughter or crying provoked by trivial stimuli. It occurs secondary to CNS disorders such as stroke, tumours or neurodegenerative diseases. Based on case studies reporting various lesions locations, PLC has been conceptualized as dysfunction in a cortico-limbic-subcortico-thalamo-ponto-cerebellar network. To test whether the heterogeneous lesion locations are indeed linked in a common network, we applied 'lesion network-symptom-mapping' (LNSM) to 70 focal lesions identified in a systematic literature search for case reports of PLC. In LNSM normative connectome data (resting state functional MRI, n = 100) is used to identify the brain regions which are likely affected by diaschisis based on the lesion locations. With LNSM we were able to identify a common network specific for PLC when compared with a control cohort (n = 270). This bilateral network is characterized by positive connectivity to the cingulate and temporomesial cortices, striatum, hypothalamus, mesencephalon and pons and negative connectivity to the primary motor and sensory cortices. In the most influential pathophysiological model of PLC, a center for the control and coordination of facial expressions, respiration and vocalization in the periaqueductal grey is assumed which is controlled via two pathways: an emotional system that exerts excitatory control of the periaqueductal grey descending from the temporal and frontal lobes, basal ganglia and hypothalamus and a volitional system descending from the lateral premotor cortices which can suppress laughter or crying. To test whether the positive and negative PLC subnetworks identified in our analyses can indeed be related to an emotional system and a volitional system, we identified lesions causing emotional (n = 15) or volitional facial paresis (n = 46) in a second literature search. Patients with emotional facial paresis show preserved volitional movements but cannot trigger emotional movements in the affected hemiface, while the reverse is true for volitional facial paresis. Importantly, these lesions map differentially onto the PLC subnetworks: the 'positive PLC subnetwork' is part of the emotional system and the 'negative PLC subnetwork' overlaps with the volitional system for the control of facial movements. Based on this network analysis we propose a two-hit model of PLC: a combination of direct lesion and indirect diaschisis effects cause PLC through the loss of inhibitory cortical control of a dysfunctional emotional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Klingbeil
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Wawrzyniak
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anika Stockert
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max-Lennart Brandt
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Ralf Schneider
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moritz Metelmann
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorothee Saur
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Positive emotions have different impacts on mood and sympathetic changes in crying from negative emotions. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Bylsma LM. Emotion context insensitivity in depression: Toward an integrated and contextualized approach. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13715. [PMID: 33274773 PMCID: PMC8097691 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by pervasive mood disturbance as well as deficits in emotional processing, reactivity, and regulation. There is accumulating evidence that MDD is characterized by emotional patterns consistent with environmental disengagement, as reflected in attenuated positive and negative emotional reactivity, consistent with Emotion Context Insensitivity (ECI) theory. However, MDD individuals vary considerably in the extent to which they exhibit specific alterations in patterns of emotional responding. Emotions are complex, multicomponent processes that invoke responses across multiple functional domains and levels of analysis, including subjective experience, behavior, autonomic regulation, cognition, and neural processing. In this article, I review the current state of the literature on emotional responding and MDD from the lens of ECI. I focus on the importance of assessing emotional indices from multiple levels of analysis across development and contexts. I also discuss methodological and measurement issues that may contribute to inconsistent findings. In particular, I emphasize how psychophysiological measures can help elucidate emotional processes that underlie the pathophysiology of MDD as part of an integrated and contextualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Bylsma
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Crying with depressed affect induced by electrical stimulation of the anterior insula: A stereo EEG case study. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2020; 15:100421. [PMID: 33511338 PMCID: PMC7817500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2020.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior insular stimulation produces reproducible episodes of emotional crying. This is due to activation of complex neural network with its connectivity to the anterior cingulate cortex. This study increases our understanding of the complex functionality of the insula.
Stereo-EEG (sEEG) is an invasive recording technique used to localize the seizure-onset zone for epilepsy surgery in people with drug-resistant focal seizures. Pathological crying reflects disordered emotional expression and the anterior insula is known to play a role in empathy and socio-emotional processing. We describe a patient where electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) of the anterior insula during sEEG generated pathological crying and profound sadness that was time-locked to the electrical stimulus. We evaluated a 35-year-old left-handed female for repeat epilepsy surgery. The patient had drug resistant focal impaired awareness seizures despite a previous left temporal neocortical resection informed by an invasive study using subdural grid and strip electrodes seven years earlier. She was studied invasively with 10 sEEG electrodes sampling temporal, occipital, and insular targets. In the process of functional mapping, stimulation of the anterior insular cortex provoked tearful crying with sad affect, reproducible upon repeat stimulation. Our case is unique in demonstrating transitory pathological crying with profound sadness provoked by ESM of the left anterior insula. Furthermore we demonstrate repeated time-synched crying from electrical stimulation, which supports the hypothesis that the anterior insula in the brain plays an important role in the biology of emotion, as implicated by previous studies.
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Mori K, Iwanaga M. Being emotionally moved is associated with phasic physiological calming during tonic physiological arousal from pleasant tears. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 159:47-59. [PMID: 33278465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The experience of being emotionally "moved" is considered a valuable emotional experience. Although pleasant chills (goosebumps and shivers) and tears (weeping and a lump in the throat) are commonly associated with the experience of being emotionally moved, no previous studies have examined which of these psychophysiological responses is the most intrinsic to the phenomenon of being moved. We conducted two music listening experiments to examine this question. Both experiments revealed that, when chills and tears were reliably separated, chills evoked phasic increases in electrodermal activity, whereas tears induced phasic decreases in heart and respiration rate during tonic physiological arousal. Importantly, whereas tears predicted the experience of being moved, experiencing chills did not. Furthermore, psychoacoustic features of music did not explain the physiological response of chills and tears. The results demonstrated that the experience of being moved involved a sense of pleasure coupled with psychophysiological relief from tension. Based on extended attachment theory, the sequential process of physiological arousal to physiological calming, which is derived from abstract life-guiding ideas via the combination of sound and lyrics, may be important for evoking the experience of being emotionally moved. These psychophysiological characteristics could explain why people seek to be moved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Mori
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Makoto Iwanaga
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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19
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Byun HS, Hwang H, Kim GD. Crying Therapy Intervention for Breast Cancer Survivors: Development and Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134911. [PMID: 32646037 PMCID: PMC7370158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND crying therapy is currently being applied in some countries to treat cancer patients, manage pain, and promote mental health. However, little nursing and medical research on the effects of crying therapy has been conducted in other parts of the world. This study aimed to develop a crying therapy program for breast cancer survivors and assess its effects. Interventions/method: data from 27 breast cancer survivors in South Korea were analyzed. The intervention, employing a single group, pre-post-test quasi-experimental design, was divided into three phases, and effects were verified for emotional (distress, fatigue, and mood conditions) and physiological (cortisol, immunoglobulin G, and blood pressure) variables. RESULTS there were significant changes in distress, mood changes, and immunoglobulin G and smaller changes in blood pressure postintervention. Fatigue and cortisol showed no significant changes. CONCLUSIONS this study demonstrated the effectiveness of a short-term crying therapy program that can induce positive emotional changes and physiological effects in breast cancer survivors. This intervention can improve quality of life, indicating its value as a self-care program for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Byun
- School of Nursing, Yeungnam University College, Daegu 42415, Korea;
| | - Hyenam Hwang
- Department of Nursing, Daegu University, Daegu 42400, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-650-8398
| | - Gyung-Duck Kim
- Department of Nursing, Dongyang University, Kyungpook 36040, Korea;
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What Do I Do with My Tears? J Christ Nurs 2019; 36:259. [DOI: 10.1097/cnj.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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Yazdani M, Elgstøen KBP, Rootwelt H, Shahdadfar A, Utheim ØA, Utheim TP. Tear Metabolomics in Dry Eye Disease: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3755. [PMID: 31374809 PMCID: PMC6695908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial syndrome that can be caused by alteration in the quality or quantity of the precorneal tear film. It is considered one of the most common ocular conditions leading patients to seek eye care. The current method for diagnostic evaluations and follow-up examinations of DED is a combination of clinical signs and symptoms determined by clinical tests and questionnaires, respectively. The application of powerful omics technologies has opened new avenues toward analysis of subjects in health and disease. Metabolomics is a new emerging and complementary research discipline to all modern omics in the comprehensive analysis of biological systems. The identification of distinct metabolites and integrated metabolic profiles in patients can potentially inform clinicians at an early stage or during monitoring of disease progression, enhancing diagnosis, prognosis, and the choice of therapy. In ophthalmology, metabolomics has gained considerable attention over the past decade but very limited such studies have been reported on DED. This paper aims to review the application of tear metabolomics in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aboulghassem Shahdadfar
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3019 Drammen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, 4604 Arendal, Norway
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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de Sá Junior AR, Liebel G, de Andrade AG, Andrade LH, Gorenstein C, Wang YP. Can Gender and Age Impact on Response Pattern of Depressive Symptoms Among College Students? A Differential Item Functioning Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:50. [PMID: 30809161 PMCID: PMC6379252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Self-reported depressive complaints among college students might indicate different degrees of severity of depressive states. Through the framework of item response theory, we aim to describe the pattern of responses to items of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), in terms of endorsement probability and discrimination along the continuum of depression. Potential differential item functioning of the scale items of the BDI-II is investigated, by gender and age, to compare across sub-groups of students. Methods: The 21-item BDI-II was cross-sectionally administered to a representative sample of 12,677 Brazilian college students. Reliability was evaluated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Severity (b i ) and discrimination (a) parameters of each BDI-II items were calculated through the graded response model. The influence of gender and age were tested for differential item functioning (DIF) within the item response theory-based approach. Results: The BDI-II presented good reliability (α = 0.91). Women and younger students significantly presented a higher likelihood of depression (cut-off > 13) than men and older counterparts. In general, participants endorsed more easily cognitive-somatic items than affective items of the scale. "Guilty feelings," "suicidal thoughts," and "loss of interest in sex" were the items that most likely indicated depression severity (b ≥ 3.60). However, all BDI-II items showed moderate-to-high discrimination (a ≥ 1.32) for depressive state. While two items were flagged for DIF, "crying" and "loss of interest in sex," respectively for gender and age, the global weight of these items on the total score was negligible. Conclusions: Although respondents' gender and age might present influence on response pattern of depressive symptoms, the measures of self-reported symptoms have not inflated severity scores. These findings provide further support to the validity of using BDI-II for assessing depression in academic contexts and highlight the value of considering gender- and age-related common symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Reis de Sá Junior
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil.,Institute and Department of Psychiatry (LIM-23), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziela Liebel
- Department of Collective Health, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Arthur Guerra de Andrade
- Institute and Department of Psychiatry (LIM-23), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, ABC Foundation, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Laura Helena Andrade
- Institute and Department of Psychiatry (LIM-23), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice Gorenstein
- Institute and Department of Psychiatry (LIM-23), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Institute and Department of Psychiatry (LIM-23), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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