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Connell PS, Price JF, Rusin CG, Howard TS, Spinner JA, Valdes SO, Pham TDN, Miyake CY, Kim JJ. Decreased Heart Rate Variability in Children with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure is Associated with Poor Outcomes. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:1767-1775. [PMID: 37698699 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive indicator of the health of neurocardiac interactions of the autonomic nervous system. In adults, decreased HRV correlates with increased cardiovascular mortality. However, the relationship between HRV and outcomes in children with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) has not been described. Patients < 21 years old hospitalized with ADHF from 2013 to 2019 were included (N = 79). Primary outcome was defined as death, heart transplant, or mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The median standard deviation of the R-to-R interval in 5-min intervals (SDNN) was calculated from telemetry data obtained across the first 24 h of admission. Patients who met the primary outcome had significantly lower median SDNN (13.8 [7.8, 29.1]) compared to those who did not (24.6 [15.3, 84.4]; p = 0.004). A median SDNN of 20 ms resulted in a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 69%. Median SDNN < 20 ms represented decreased freedom from primary outcome (p = 0.043) and a hazard ratio of 2.2 in multivariate analysis (p = 0.016). Pediatric patients with ADHF who died, underwent heart transplant, or required MCS had significantly decreased HRV at presentation compared to those that did not. This supports HRV as a noninvasive tool to improve prognostication in children in ADHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Connell
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main St., MS BCM320, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jack F Price
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main St., MS BCM320, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Craig G Rusin
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main St., MS BCM320, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Taylor S Howard
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main St., MS BCM320, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joseph A Spinner
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main St., MS BCM320, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Santiago O Valdes
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main St., MS BCM320, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tam Dan N Pham
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main St., MS BCM320, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christina Y Miyake
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main St., MS BCM320, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Kim
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6651 Main St., MS BCM320, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Siefkes H, Oliveira LC, Koppel R, Hogan W, Garg M, Manalo E, Cresalia N, Lai Z, Tancredi D, Lakshminrusimha S, Chuah C. Machine Learning-Based Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening Using Dual-Site Pulse Oximetry Measurements. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033786. [PMID: 38879455 PMCID: PMC11255767 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxygen saturation (Spo2) screening has not led to earlier detection of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Adding pulse oximetry features (ie, perfusion data and radiofemoral pulse delay) may improve CCHD detection, especially coarctation of the aorta (CoA). We developed and tested a machine learning (ML) pulse oximetry algorithm to enhance CCHD detection. METHODS AND RESULTS Six sites prospectively enrolled newborns with and without CCHD and recorded simultaneous pre- and postductal pulse oximetry. We focused on models at 1 versus 2 time points and with/without pulse delay for our ML algorithms. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were compared between the Spo2-alone and ML algorithms. A total of 523 newborns were enrolled (no CHD, 317; CHD, 74; CCHD, 132, of whom 21 had isolated CoA). When applying the Spo2-alone algorithm to all patients, 26.2% of CCHD would be missed. We narrowed the sample to patients with both 2 time point measurements and pulse-delay data (no CHD, 65; CCHD, 14) to compare ML performance. Among these patients, sensitivity for CCHD detection increased with both the addition of pulse delay and a second time point. All ML models had 100% specificity. With a 2-time-points+pulse-delay model, CCHD sensitivity increased to 92.86% (P=0.25) compared with Spo2 alone (71.43%), and CoA increased to 66.67% (P=0.5) from 0. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CCHD and CoA detection significantly improved (0.96 versus 0.83 for CCHD, 0.83 versus 0.48 for CoA; both P=0.03) using the 2-time-points+pulse-delay model compared with Spo2 alone. CONCLUSIONS ML pulse oximetry that combines oxygenation, perfusion data, and pulse delay at 2 time points may improve detection of CCHD and CoA within 48 hours after birth. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04056104?term=NCT04056104&rank=1; Unique identifier: NCT04056104.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Cerny Oliveira
- Department of Electrical & Computer EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA
| | - Robert Koppel
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children’s Medical CenterZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellNew Hyde ParkNY
| | - Whitnee Hogan
- University of Utah, Primary Children’s HospitalSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Meena Garg
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Erlinda Manalo
- Department of PediatricsSutter Sacramento Medical CenterSacramentoCA
| | - Nicole Cresalia
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
| | - Zhengfeng Lai
- Department of Electrical & Computer EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA
| | | | | | - Chen‐Nee Chuah
- Department of Electrical & Computer EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA
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Sanz JH, Cox S, Donofrio MT, Ishibashi N, McQuillen P, Peyvandi S, Schlatterer S. [Formula: see text] Trajectories of neurodevelopment and opportunities for intervention across the lifespan in congenital heart disease. Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:1128-1154. [PMID: 36752083 PMCID: PMC10406974 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2173162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental challenges across the lifespan. These are associated with neurological changes and potential acquired brain injury, which occur across a developmental trajectory and which are influenced by an array of medical, sociodemographic, environmental, and personal factors. These alterations to brain development lead to an array of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, which impact a characteristic set of skills over the course of development. The current paper reviews existing knowledge of aberrant brain development and brain injury alongside associated neurodevelopmental challenges across the lifespan. These provide a framework for discussion of emerging and potential interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes at each developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline H Sanz
- Division of Neuropsychology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Pediatrics at The George Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Stephany Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mary T Donofrio
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C
- Department of Pediatrics at The George Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Pediatrics at The George Washington University School of Medicine
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington D.C
| | - Patrick McQuillen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shabnam Peyvandi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah Schlatterer
- Department of Pediatrics at The George Washington University School of Medicine
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
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Mulkey SB. Contemporary Understanding of the Central Autonomic Nervous System in Fetal-Neonatal Transition. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2023; 47:101081. [PMID: 37919029 PMCID: PMC10910385 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2023.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
THE CRITICAL ROLE OF THE CENTRAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN FETAL-NEONATAL TRANSITION: Sarah B. Mulkey, Adre dú Plessis Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 28, December 2018, Pages 29-37 The objective of this article is to understand the complex role of the central autonomic nervous system in normal and complicated fetal-neonatal transition and how autonomic nervous system dysfunction can lead to brain injury. The central autonomic nervous system supports coordinated fetal transitional cardiovascular, respiratory, and endocrine responses to provide safe transition of the fetus at delivery. Fetal and maternal medical and environmental exposures can disrupt normal maturation of the autonomic nervous system in utero, cause dysfunction, and complicate fetal-neonatal transition. Brain injury may both be caused by autonomic nervous system failure and contribute directly to autonomic nervous system dysfunction in the fetus and newborn. The central autonomic nervous system has multiple roles in supporting transition of the fetus. Future studies should aim to improve real-time monitoring of fetal autonomic nervous system function and in supporting typical autonomic nervous system development even under complicated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Mulkey
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
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In infants with congenital heart disease autonomic dysfunction is associated with pre-operative brain injury. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1723-1729. [PMID: 34963700 PMCID: PMC9237187 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury is a serious and common complication of critical congenital heart disease (CHD). Impaired autonomic development (assessed by heart rate variability (HRV)) is associated with brain injury in other high-risk neonatal populations. OBJECTIVE To determine whether impaired early neonatal HRV is associated with pre-operative brain injury in CHD. METHODS In infants with critical CHD, we evaluated HRV during the first 24 h of cardiac ICU (CICU) admission using time-domain (RMS 1, RMS 2, and alpha 1) and frequency-domain metrics (LF, nLF, HF, nHF). Pre-operative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was scored for injury using an established system. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between HRV and pre-operative brain injury. RESULTS We enrolled 34 infants with median birth gestational age of 38.8 weeks (IQR 38.1-39.1). Median postnatal age at pre-operative brain MRI was 2 days (IQR 1-3 days). Thirteen infants had MRI evidence of brain injury. RMS 1 and RMS 2 were inversely correlated with pre-operative brain injury. CONCLUSIONS Time-domain metrics of autonomic function measured within the first 24 h of admission to the CICU are associated with pre-operative brain injury, and may perform better than frequency-domain metrics under non-stationary conditions such as critical illness. IMPACT Autonomic dysfunction, measured by heart rate variability (HRV), in early transition is associated with pre-operative brain injury in neonates with critical congenital heart disease. These data extend our earlier findings by providing further evidence for (i) autonomic dysfunction in infants with CHD, and (ii) an association between autonomic dysfunction and brain injury in critically ill neonates. These data support the notion that further investigation of HRV as a biomarker for brain injury risk is warranted in infants with critical CHD.
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Schlatterer SD, Govindan RB, Barnett SD, Al-Shargabi T, Reich DA, Iyer S, Hitchings L, Larry Maxwell G, Baker R, du Plessis AJ, Mulkey SB. Autonomic development in preterm infants is associated with morbidity of prematurity. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:171-177. [PMID: 33654284 PMCID: PMC7922721 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have described an association between preterm birth and maturation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS); however, this may be impacted by multiple factors, including prematurity-related complications. Our aim was to evaluate for the effect of prematurity-related morbidity on ANS development in preterm infants in the NICU. METHODS We compared time and frequency domains of heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of ANS tone in 56 preterm infants from 2 NICUs (28 from each). One cohort was from a high-morbidity regional referral NICU, the other from a community-based inborn NICU with low prematurity-related morbidity. Propensity score matching was used to balance the groups by a 1:1 nearest neighbor design. ANS tone was analyzed. RESULTS The two cohorts showed parallel maturational trajectory of the alpha 1 time-domain metric, with the cohort from the high-morbidity NICU having lower autonomic tone. The maturational trajectories between the two cohorts differed in all other time-domain metrics (alpha 2, RMS1, RMS2). There was no difference between groups by frequency-domain metrics. CONCLUSIONS Prematurity-associated morbidities correlate with autonomic development in premature infants and may have a greater impact on the extrauterine maturation of this system than birth gestational age. IMPACT Autonomic nervous system development measured by time-domain metrics of heart rate variability correlate with morbidities associated with premature birth. This study builds upon our previously published work that showed that development of autonomic tone was not impacted by gestational age at birth. This study adds to our understanding of autonomic nervous system development in a preterm extrauterine environment. Our study suggests that gestational age at birth may have less impact on autonomic nervous system development than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Schlatterer
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC USA ,grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC USA
| | - Rathinaswamy B. Govindan
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC USA
| | - Scott D. Barnett
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Tareq Al-Shargabi
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Daniel A. Reich
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Sneha Iyer
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC USA
| | - Laura Hitchings
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | | | - Robin Baker
- Inova Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Fairfax, VA USA ,grid.430970.9Fairfax Neonatal Associates, Fairfax, VA USA
| | - Adre J. du Plessis
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC USA ,grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC USA
| | - Sarah B. Mulkey
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, DC USA ,grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC USA ,grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC USA
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Latremouille S, Lam J, Shalish W, Sant'Anna G. Neonatal heart rate variability: a contemporary scoping review of analysis methods and clinical applications. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055209. [PMID: 34933863 PMCID: PMC8710426 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used as a research tool. However, HRV calculation methods are highly variable making it difficult for comparisons between studies. OBJECTIVES To describe the different types of investigations where neonatal HRV was used, study characteristics, and types of analyses performed. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Human neonates ≤1 month of corrected age. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE A protocol and search strategy of the literature was developed in collaboration with the McGill University Health Center's librarians and articles were obtained from searches in the Biosis, Cochrane, Embase, Medline and Web of Science databases published between 1 January 2000 and 1 July 2020. CHARTING METHODS A single reviewer screened for eligibility and data were extracted from the included articles. Information collected included the study characteristics and population, type of HRV analysis used (time domain, frequency domain, non-linear, heart rate characteristics (HRC) parameters) and clinical applications (physiological and pathological conditions, responses to various stimuli and outcome prediction). RESULTS Of the 286 articles included, 171 (60%) were small single centre studies (sample size <50) performed on term infants (n=136). There were 138 different types of investigations reported: physiological investigations (n=162), responses to various stimuli (n=136), pathological conditions (n=109) and outcome predictor (n=30). Frequency domain analyses were used in 210 articles (73%), followed by time domain (n=139), non-linear methods (n=74) or HRC analyses (n=25). Additionally, over 60 different measures of HRV were reported; in the frequency domain analyses alone there were 29 different ranges used for the low frequency band and 46 for the high frequency band. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal HRV has been used in diverse types of investigations with significant lack of consistency in analysis methods applied. Specific guidelines for HRV analyses in neonates are needed to allow for comparisons between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Latremouille
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Justin Lam
- Medicine, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wissam Shalish
- Division of Neonatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guilherme Sant'Anna
- Division of Neonatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Cheng W, Liu J, Zhi M, Shen D, Shao M, Zhang C, Wang G, Jiang Z. Stress and autonomic nerve dysfunction monitoring in perioperative gastric cancer patients using a smart device. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2021; 27:e12903. [PMID: 34669995 PMCID: PMC8739623 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV), a sensitive marker of stress and autonomic nervous disorders, was significantly decreased in cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and surgical injury. However, the effect of radical gastrectomy on HRV parameters needs to be further investigated. Methods A prospective, observational study including 45 consecutive enrolled patients undergoing radical gastrectomy in our enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs was conducted. Frequency‐ and time‐domain parameters of HRV from 1 day prior to operation to 4 days postoperatively were continuously measured. Meanwhile, plasma cortisol and inflammatory markers were recorded and correlated to HRV parameters. Results Heart rate variability showed a solidly circadian rhythm. Anesthesia severely disturbed HRV parameters, resulting in a reduction of most of the HRV parameters. Frequency‐domain parameter (including VLF) and time‐domain parameters (including the SDNN, SDANN, and triangular index) of HRV demonstrated a significant reduction compared to preoperative values on the postoperative day 1 (Pod1), and these HRV parameters could return to baseline on Pod2 or Pod3, indicating surgical stress and autonomic nerve dysfunction existed in the early postoperative period. Inflammatory biomarkers were significantly elevated on Pod1 and Pod3. Plasma cortisol decreased significantly on Pod1 and Pod3. Both inflammatory biomarkers and plasma cortisol had no significant correlation with HRV parameters. Conclusions Compared with plasma cortisol and inflammation biomarkers, HRV is more sensitive to detect surgical stress and autonomic nervous dysfunction induced by radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengwei Zhi
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Danli Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Dahlqvist JA, Wiklund U, Karlsson M, Hanséus K, Strömvall Larsson E, Johansson Ramgren J, Berggren H, Rydberg A. Changes in Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability During Surgical Stages to Completed Fontan Circulation. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:1162-1169. [PMID: 33837840 PMCID: PMC8192394 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-021-02595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmia is related to heart rate variability (HRV), which reflects the autonomic nervous regulation of the heart. We hypothesized that autonomic nervous ganglia, located at the junction of the superior vena cava's entrance to the heart, may be affected during the bidirectional Glenn procedure (BDG), resulting in reduced HRV. We aimed to investigate changes in heart rate and HRV in a cohort of children with univentricular heart defects, undergoing stepwise surgery towards total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), and compare these results with healthy controls. Twenty four hours Holter-ECG recordings were obtained before BDG (n = 47), after BDG (n = 47), and after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) (n = 45) in patients and in 38 healthy controls. HRV was analyzed by spectral and Poincaré methods. Age-related z scores were calculated and compared using linear mixed effects modeling. Total HRV was significantly lower in patients before BDG when compared to healthy controls. The mean heart rate was significantly reduced in patients after BDG compared to before BDG. Compared to healthy controls, patients operated with BDG had significantly reduced heart rate and reduced total HRV. Patients with TCPC showed reduced heart rate and HRV compared with healthy controls. In patients after TCPC, total HRV was decreased compared to before TCPC. Heart rate was reduced after BDG procedure, and further reductions of HRV were seen post-TCPC. Our results indicate that autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm is affected both after BDG and again after TCPC. This may be reflected as, and contribute to, postoperative arrhythmic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urban Wiklund
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marcus Karlsson
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katarina Hanséus
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Children Heart Centre, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Strömvall Larsson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Johansson Ramgren
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children’s Heart Center, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Berggren
- grid.415579.b0000 0004 0622 1824Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children’s Heart Center, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Annika Rydberg
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
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Schlatterer SD, du Plessis AJ. Exposures influencing the developing central autonomic nervous system. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:845-863. [PMID: 33270364 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic nervous system function is critical for transition from in-utero to ex-utero life and is associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric outcomes later in life. Adverse prenatal and neonatal conditions and exposures can impair or alter ANS development and, as a result, may also impact long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The objective of this article is to provide a broad overview of the impact of factors that are known to influence autonomic development during the fetal and early neonatal period, including maternal mood and stress during and after pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, congenital heart disease, toxic exposures, and preterm birth. We touch briefly on the typical development of the ANS, then delve into both in-utero and ex-utero maternal and fetal factors that may impact developmental trajectory of the ANS and, thus, have implications in transition and in long-term developmental outcomes. While many types of exposures and conditions have been shown to impact development of the autonomic nervous system, there is still much to be learned about the mechanisms underlying these influences. In the future, more advanced neuromonitoring tools will be required to better understand autonomic development and its influence on long-term neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological function, especially during the fetal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Schlatterer
- Children's National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,George Washington University School of Health Sciences, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Adre J du Plessis
- Children's National Hospital, Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,George Washington University School of Health Sciences, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Chiera M, Cerritelli F, Casini A, Barsotti N, Boschiero D, Cavigioli F, Corti CG, Manzotti A. Heart Rate Variability in the Perinatal Period: A Critical and Conceptual Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:561186. [PMID: 33071738 PMCID: PMC7544983 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.561186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) greatly expand the use of technology. There is a need to accurately diagnose discomfort, pain, and complications, such as sepsis, mainly before they occur. While specific treatments are possible, they are often time-consuming, invasive, or painful, with detrimental effects for the development of the infant. In the last 40 years, heart rate variability (HRV) has emerged as a non-invasive measurement to monitor newborns and infants, but it still is underused. Hence, the present paper aims to review the utility of HRV in neonatology and the instruments available to assess it, showing how HRV could be an innovative tool in the years to come. When continuously monitored, HRV could help assess the baby’s overall wellbeing and neurological development to detect stress-/pain-related behaviors or pathological conditions, such as respiratory distress syndrome and hyperbilirubinemia, to address when to perform procedures to reduce the baby’s stress/pain and interventions, such as therapeutic hypothermia, and to avoid severe complications, such as sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, thus reducing mortality. Based on literature and previous experiences, the first step to efficiently introduce HRV in the NICUs could consist in a monitoring system that uses photoplethysmography, which is low-cost and non-invasive, and displays one or a few metrics with good clinical utility. However, to fully harness HRV clinical potential and to greatly improve neonatal care, the monitoring systems will have to rely on modern bioinformatics (machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms), which could easily integrate infant’s HRV metrics, vital signs, and especially past history, thus elaborating models capable to efficiently monitor and predict the infant’s clinical conditions. For this reason, hospitals and institutions will have to establish tight collaborations between the obstetric, neonatal, and pediatric departments: this way, healthcare would truly improve in every stage of the perinatal period (from conception to the first years of life), since information about patients’ health would flow freely among different professionals, and high-quality research could be performed integrating the data recorded in those departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chiera
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy.,Research Commission on Manual Therapies and Mind-Body Disciplines, Societ Italiana di Psico Neuro Endocrino Immunologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cerritelli
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casini
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Nicola Barsotti
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy.,Research Commission on Manual Therapies and Mind-Body Disciplines, Societ Italiana di Psico Neuro Endocrino Immunologia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cavigioli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla G Corti
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit-Pediatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Manzotti
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.,Research Department, SOMA, Istituto Osteopatia Milano, Milan, Italy
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