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Tanács D, Berkecz R, Bozsó Z, Tóth GK, Armstrong DW, Péter A, Ilisz I. Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Newly Synthesized Fluorinated Tryptophan Analogs Applying Macrocyclic Glycopeptides-Based Chiral Stationary Phases Utilizing Core-Shell Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4719. [PMID: 38731937 PMCID: PMC11083430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the favorable features obtained through the incorporation of fluorine atom(s), fluorinated drugs are a group with emerging pharmaceutical importance. As their commercial availability is still very limited, to expand the range of possible candidates, new fluorinated tryptophan analogs were synthesized. Control of enantiopurity during the synthesis procedure requires that highly efficient enantioseparation methods be available. In this work, the enantioseparation of seven fluorinated tryptophans and tryptophan was studied and compared systematically to (i) develop analytical methods for enantioselective separations and (ii) explore the chromatographic features of the fluorotrytophans. For enantioresolution, macrocyclic glycopeptide-based selectors linked to core-shell particles were utilized, applying liquid chromatography-based methods. Application of the polar-ionic mode resulted in asymmetric and broadened peaks, while reversed-phase conditions, together with mobile-phase additives, resulted in baseline separation for all studied fluorinated tryptophans. The marked differences observed between the methanol and acetonitrile-containing eluent systems can be explained by the different solvation abilities of the bulk solvents of the applied mobile phases. Among the studied chiral selectors, teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone were found to work effectively. Under optimized conditions, baseline separations were achieved within 6 min. Ionic interactions were semi-quantitatively characterized and found to not influence enantiorecognition. Interestingly, fluorination of the analytes does not lead to marked changes in the chromatographic characteristics of the methanol-containing eluents, while larger differences were noticed when the polar but aprotic acetonitrile was applied. Experiments conducted on the influence of the separation temperature indicated that the separations are enthalpically driven, with only one exception. Enantiomeric elution order was found to be constant on both teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone-based chiral stationary phases (L < D) under all applied chromatographic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Tanács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Zsolt Bozsó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.B.); (G.K.T.)
| | - Gábor K. Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.B.); (G.K.T.)
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA;
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.T.); (R.B.); (A.P.)
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Study on Quality Control of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Enantiomers by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-023-04240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aims at developing a high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method to analyze tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and its pharmaceutical preparations. Several cyclodextrin mobile-phase additives were applied to reversed-phase and normal-phase chromatography, and the effects of three chiral stationary phases on the TDF separation were investigated in this study. The R-type and S-type of TDF tablets were quantitatively analyzed in the single ion monitoring (SIM) scanning mode with a Unichiral CMD column. This method has been successfully applied to the separation and quantification of TDF and its isomers. The linear ranges of (R)-TDF and (S)-enantiomer were 1–20 and 0.2–16 μg/mL, respectively. The limit of detection for (R)-TDF and (S)-enantiomer was 0.0015 and 0.0012 μg/mL, respectively. (S)-enantiomer was not detected in the formulas from all the seven manufacturers, and the drug content of each took more than 98.5% of the labeled amount, which complies with the regulations. The method shows its advantages on high sensitivity, low detection limit, good practicability, and repeatability. The proposed method may provide a novel platform for separation of TDF enantiomers and quality control of TDF raw materials and preparations.
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Öztepe T, Kale NB, Reçber T, Baysal İ, Yabanoğlu-Çiftçi S, Gumustas M, Kır S, Chankvetadze B, Nemutlu E. Separation of the Enantiomers of Underivatized Amino Acids by Using Serially Connected Dual Column High-performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ultrafast simultaneous chiral analysis of native amino acid enantiomers using supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kartsova LA, Moskvichev DO. In-Capillary Chiral Derivatization of Amino Acids. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Serra C, Lange J, Remaury QB, Timoumi R, Danger G, Laurent B, Remusat L, Rodier CG, Poinot P. Integrative analytical workflow to enhance comprehensive analysis of organic molecules in extraterrestrial objects. Talanta 2022; 243:123324. [PMID: 35219083 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular identification is a fundamental issue in astrobiology to investigate the routes of emergence of life on our planet involving in particular a potential seeding of extraterrestrial organic matter on the primitive Earth. However, this project encompasses major difficulties due to the low concentration of molecules present in bodies of the Solar System. This work proposes an integrative analytical workflow, no longer based on GC-MS instruments, to enhance comprehensive analysis of organic markers in these objects. Our strategy combines UPLC-HRMS and UPLC-MRM MS methods to bring both a broad molecular mapping and detailed data on indigenous compounds present in any extraterrestrial objects or laboratory analogs. Applied on water extracts from fresh meteorites, our workflow highlights a wide range of free molecules in the non-treated extracts and reveals the wide diversity of amino acid and nucleobase isomers that could lead to misinterpretation as far as the molecular composition of meteorite extracts cannot be anticipated. This strategy, never explored so far, would provide new clues for studying the organic matter in space and should offer new perspectives on its evolution and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Serra
- UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team, University of Poitiers, 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers, Cedex 9, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR CNRS 7345, Physics of Ionic and Molecular Interactions (PIIM), ASTRO Team, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397, Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - Justin Lange
- UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team, University of Poitiers, 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Quentin Blancart Remaury
- UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team, University of Poitiers, 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Ramzi Timoumi
- UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team, University of Poitiers, 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Grégoire Danger
- Aix-Marseille University, UMR CNRS 7345, Physics of Ionic and Molecular Interactions (PIIM), ASTRO Team, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397, Marseille, Cedex 20, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Marseille, France
| | - Boris Laurent
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne University, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 57 Rue Cuvier, Case 52, 75231, Paris, Cedex 5, France
| | - Laurent Remusat
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne University, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 57 Rue Cuvier, Case 52, 75231, Paris, Cedex 5, France
| | - Claude Geffroy Rodier
- UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team, University of Poitiers, 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Pauline Poinot
- UMR CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), E.BiCoM Team, University of Poitiers, 4 rue Michel-Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers, Cedex 9, France.
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Calderón C, Lämmerhofer M. Enantioselective metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114430. [PMID: 34757254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics strives to capture the entirety of the metabolites in a biological system by comprehensive analysis, often by liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry. A particular challenge thereby is the differentiation of structural isomers. Common achiral targeted and untargeted assays do not distinguish between enantiomers. This may lead to information loss. An increasing number of publications demonstrate that the enantiomeric ratio of certain metabolites can be meaningful biomarkers of certain diseases emphasizing the importance of introducing enantioselective analytical procedures in metabolomics. In this work, the state-of-the-art in the field of LC-MS based metabolomics is summarized with focus on developments in the recent decade. Methodologies, tagging strategies, workflows and general concepts are outlined. Selected biological applications in which enantioselective metabolomics has documented its usefulness are briefly discussed. In general, targeted enantioselective metabolomics assays are often based on a direct approach using chiral stationary phases (CSP) with polysaccharide derivatives, macrocyclic antibiotics, chiral crown ethers, chiral ion exchangers, donor-acceptor phases as chiral selectors. Rarely, these targeted assays focus on more than 20 analytes and usually are restricted to a certain metabolite class. In a variety of cases, pre-column derivatization of metabolites has been performed, especially for amino acids, to improve separation and detection sensitivity. Triple quadrupole instruments are the detection methods of first choice in targeted assays. Here, issues like matrix effect, absence of blank matrix impair accuracy of results. In selected applications, multiple heart cutting 2D-LC (RP followed by chiral separation) has been pursued to overcome this problem and alleviate bias due to interferences. Non-targeted assays, on the other hand, are based on indirect approach involving tagging with a chiral derivatizing agent (CDA). Besides classical CDAs numerous innovative reagents and workflows have been proposed and are discussed. Thereby, a critical issue for the accuracy is often neglected, viz. the validation of the enantiomeric impurity in the CDA. The majority of applications focus on amino acids, hydroxy acids, oxidized fatty acids and oxylipins. Some potential clinical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calderón
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Karongo R, Ge M, Geibel C, Horak J, Lämmerhofer M. Enantioselective multiple heart cutting online two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of all proteinogenic amino acids with second dimension chiral separations in one-minute time scales on a chiral tandem column. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338858. [PMID: 34538327 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a unique, robust and fully automated analytical platform technology for the enantioselective amino acid analysis using a multiple heart cutting RPLC-enantio/stereoselective HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS method. This 2D-LC method allows the full enantioselective separation of 20 proteinogenic AAs plus 5 isobaric analogues, namely allo-Threonine (aThr), homoserine (Hse), allo-isoleucine (aIle), tert-Leucine (Tle) and Norleucine (Nle), after pre-column derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC; AccQ). This N-terminal AA-derivatization method introduces on the one hand beneficial chromatographic properties for 1D RP-LC (stronger retention) and 2D chiral separation (better chiral recognition), and on the other hand favorable detection properties with its chromophoric, fluorophoric, and easily ionizable quinoline mass tag. The entire separation occurs within a total 2DLC run time of 45 min, which includes the 1D-RP run and the 68 s 2D chiral separations of 30 heart-cuts (from the 1D-RP-run) on a chiral quinine carbamate (core-shell QNAX/fully porous ZWIX) tandem column. This relatively short overall run time was only possible by utilizing the highly efficient "smart peak parking" algorithm for the heart cuts and the resulting optimized analysis order thereof. 1D retention time precisions of <0.21% RSD were a requirement for the time-based sampling mode and finally led to a robust, fully automated enantioselective amino acid analysis platform. This achiral-chiral 2DLC method was applied for the amino acid stereoconfiguration assignment of three peptides (aureobasidin A, a lipopeptide research sample, and octreotide) using an L-[u-13C15N] labelled internal AA standard mix spiked to each sample. The isotopically labelled L-AA standard allowed an easy and straightforward identification and configuration assignment, as well as the relative quantification of amino acids within the investigated peptides, allowing the direct determination of the number of respective amino acids and their chirality within a peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Karongo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Min Ge
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Geibel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeannie Horak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Medical Center, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Bhushan R. Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation, determination, bioassay and isolation of enantiomers of Ketorolac: A review. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2021.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractKetorolac (Ket) is a potent non-narcotic analgesic drug (among the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The physiological activity of Ket resides with (S)-(−)-Ket while the drug is marketed and administered as a racemic mixture. Therefore, it is desirable that the pharmacokinetics is measured and quantified for enantiomers individually and not as a total drug. The present paper is focused on relevant literature on LC enantioseparation of (RS)-Ket along with bioassay, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies within the discipline of analytical chemistry. HPLC and Thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods using both direct and indirect approaches are discussed. The methods provide chirality recognition even in the absence of pure enantiomers. Besides, a brief discussion on resolution by crystallization and enzymatic methods is included. The most interesting aspects include establishment of structure and molecular asymmetry of diastereomeric derivatives using LC-MS, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and by drawing conformations in three dimensional views by using certain software. A brief discussion has also been provided on the recovery of native enantiomers by TLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
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Fast enantiomeric separation of amino acids using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry on a chiral crown ether stationary phase. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:437-442. [PMID: 32616382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fast enantiomeric separation of amino acids was studied by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) on a chiral crown ether stationary phase. A chiral crown ether bonded silica column (3 mm internal diameter (i.d.), 5 cm long) packed with 3 μm particles was employed instead of a 15 cm column packed with 5 μm particles used in our previous study. In addition, the extra-column variance, becoming more serious for smaller columns, was reduced by replacing 0.127 mm i.d. post-column tubes with shorter, smaller-diameter (0.0635 mm i.d.) tubes. The results demonstrated the benefits of using shorter columns packed with smaller particles and the reduction of the extra-column band broadening for fast enantiomeric separation. Finally, the enantiomeric separation of 18 pairs of proteinogenic amino acids was achieved within 2 min with a resolution (Rs) > 1.5 for each pair using an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile/water/trifluoroacetic acid (ACN/W/TFA) = 96/4/0.5, and a flow rate 1.2 mL/min at 30°C. This is the highest throughput method for simultaneous chiral separation of all proteinogenic amino acids except proline to date.
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A study of tetrapeptide enantiomeric separation on crown ether based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461152. [PMID: 32376024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The chiral separations of small peptides is an important challenge in the biological and medical sciences, because different stereoisomers of chiral drugs can often possess different pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and/or toxicological activities. Commercially available crown ether chiral stationary phases based on S-(3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphthyl)-20-crown-6 (CROWNPAK CR-I (+)) and (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid (ChiroSil RCA (+)) have been successfully used for separating enantiomers of various racemic compounds containing primary amino groups. In this investigation, enantioresolution of more complex model analyte - tetrapeptide Tyr-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2, has been reported on crown ether chiral stationary phases. Organic and acidic modifier content in aqueous mobile phase was tested. All Tyr-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 stereoisomers showed U-shaped retention plots, based on ACN content in mobile phase. Increased retention of tetrapeptide stereoisomers was observed at low (<35%) and at high (>70%) acetonitrile content in the mobile phase, indicating that different separation mechanisms are most likely involved. As a result, baseline separation of all eight tetrapeptide enantiomer pairs was achieved under isocratic elution mode on both chiral columns.
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Barbas-Bernardos C, Garcia-Perez I, Lorenzo MP, Alonso-Herranz V, Nicholson J, Garcia A. Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the absolute analysis of 17 α D-amino acids in cooked meals. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1611:460598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ferré S, González-Ruiz V, Guillarme D, Rudaz S. Analytical strategies for the determination of amino acids: Past, present and future trends. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1132:121819. [PMID: 31704619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the analytical methods that have been developed over the years to tackle the high polarity and non-chromophoric nature of amino acids (AAs). First, the historical methods are briefly presented, with a strong focus on the use of derivatization reagents to make AAs detectable with spectroscopic techniques (ultraviolet and fluorescence) and/or sufficiently retained in reversed phase liquid chromatography. Then, an overview of the current analytical strategies for achiral separation of AAs is provided, in which mass spectrometry (MS) becomes the most widely used detection mode in combination with innovative liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis conditions to detect AAs at very low concentration in complex matrixes. Finally, some future trends of AA analysis are provided in the last section of the review, including the use of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), multidimensional liquid chromatography and electrophoretic separations, hyphenation of ion exchange chromatography to mass spectrometry, and use of ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry (IM-MS). Various application examples will also be presented throughout the review to highlight the benefits and limitations of these different analytical approaches for AAs determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ferré
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
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Nakano Y, Taniguchi M, Fukusaki E. High-sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based chiral metabolic profiling focusing on amino acids and related metabolites. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:520-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Teixeira J, Tiritan ME, Pinto MMM, Fernandes C. Chiral Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography: Recent Developments. Molecules 2019; 24:E865. [PMID: 30823495 PMCID: PMC6429359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The planning and development of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for liquid chromatography (LC) are considered as continuous and evolutionary issues since the introduction of the first CSP in 1938. The main objectives of the development strategies were to attempt the improvement of the chromatographic enantioresolution performance of the CSPs as well as enlarge their versatility and range of applications. Additionally, the transition to ultra-high-performance LC were underscored. The most recent strategies have comprised the introduction of new chiral selectors, the use of new materials as chromatographic supports or the reduction of its particle size, and the application of different synthetic approaches for preparation of CSPs. This review gathered the most recent developments associated to the different types of CSPs providing an overview of the relevant advances that are arising on LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Teixeira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Taniguchi M, Shimotori A, Fukusaki E. Enantioselective Amino Acid Profile Improves Metabolomics-based Sensory Prediction of Japanese Sake. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moyu Taniguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | | | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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17
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Nakano Y, Taniguchi M, Umakoshi Y, Watai D, Fukusaki E. High-Throughput LC-MS/MS Method for Chiral Amino Acid Analysis Without Derivatization. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2030:253-261. [PMID: 31347123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9639-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
D-Amino acids have recently attracted much attention in various research fields including medical, clinical, and food industry due to their important biological functions that differ from L-amino acid. Most chiral amino acid separation techniques require complicated derivatization procedures in order to achieve the desirable chromatographic behavior and detectability. This chapter describes a highly sensitive analytical method for the enantioseparation of chiral amino acids without any derivatization process using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method allows the simultaneous analysis of 18 D-amino acids with high sensitivity and reproducibility. Additionally, this chapter also focuses on the application of the method to real samples for the quantification of targeted amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakano
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moyu Taniguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Umakoshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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18
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Konya Y, Taniguchi M, Furuno M, Nakano Y, Tanaka N, Fukusaki E. Mechanistic study on the high-selectivity enantioseparation of amino acids using a chiral crown ether-bonded stationary phase and acidic, highly organic mobile phase by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1578:35-44. [PMID: 30340763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The separation mechanism of amino acid enantiomers using a chiral crown ether-bonded stationary phase, CROWNPAK CR-I(+), and acetonitrile (ACN)-rich mobile phases (MPs) was studied. The retention factors of proteinogenic l-amino acids (except proline) formed U-shaped plots against the ACN content in the MP with a sharp increase at a high ACN content, while d-amino acids showed much smaller increases or monotonous decreases in retention within the same range. The use of an acidic, highly organic MP with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) provided a high enantioselectivity with a short separation time from the contribution of the increased binding of the ammonium group of the analytes to the crown ether functionality of the stationary phase and electrostatic repulsion counteracting the hydrophilic partition mechanism. Optimizing the sample diluent and MP alleviated the peak distortion caused by a moving water band that accompanied the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-like elution conditions. The liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry method with the optimized MP - ACN/ethanol/water/TFA = 80/15/5/0.5 (v/v/v/v) - enabled the determination of eighteen pairs of proteinogenic amino acid enantiomers within 10 min. The conditions also provided the following advantages: (i) fast and highly reproducible separations under isocratic conditions, (ii) high sensitivity and low backpressure using the MP with a high organic content, and (iii) highly reliable peak identification by combining two columns (CR-I(+) and CR-I(-)), reversing the elution orders of the enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Konya
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Moyu Taniguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuno
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakano
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tanaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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19
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Elbashir AA, Aboul-Enein HY. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography for Chiral Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:416-427. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1444465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Xiong Q, Jin J, Lv L, Bu Z, Tong S. Chiral ligand exchange countercurrent chromatography: Enantioseparation of amino acids. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1479-1488. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Agriculture and Biology Engineering; Taizhou Vocational College of Science & Technology; Taizhou China
| | - Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Zhisi Bu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
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21
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Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Ten Amino Acid Amide Derivatives on Three Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Manig F, Kuhne K, von Neubeck C, Schwarzenbolz U, Yu Z, Kessler BM, Pietzsch J, Kunz-Schughart LA. The why and how of amino acid analytics in cancer diagnostics and therapy. J Biotechnol 2017; 242:30-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Novel high-throughput and widely-targeted liquid chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry method for d-amino acids in foods. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:126-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative analysis of trace d-amino acids. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:134-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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Enantiomeric Ratio of Amino Acids as a Tool for Determination of Aging and Disease Diagnostics by Chromatographic Measurement. SEPARATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/separations3040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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26
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Ilisz I, Péter A, Lindner W. State-of-the-art enantioseparations of natural and unnatural amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Chromatographic Characterization of a New Cationic β-CD Based Stationary Phase Prepared by Dynamic Coating. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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