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Saboorizadeh B, Zare-Dorabei R, Shahbazi N. Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots and their application as a fluorometric sensor for highly selective determination of 6-mercaptopurine in biological samples. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sabahi-Agabager L, Eskandari H, Nasiri F, Shamkhali AN, Baghi Sefidan S. Properties of a furan ring-opening reaction in aqueous micellar solutions for selective sensing of mesalazine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 258:119846. [PMID: 33933944 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient non-azo formation based method was developed for trace sensing of mesalazine (MES), a pharmaceutical aromatic amine. MES was simply coupled with a Meldrum's activated furan (MAF) reagent via a furan ring opening reaction to form a colored product. The intense purple colored solution was detected at 575 nm. The reaction of MES with MAF was monitored by employing 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) was applied to optimize the structure of the colored product and its λmax (the wavelength of maximum absorbance) in dimethyl sulfoxide and water. The colored product was considered in three possible structures, and the most possible structures in dimethyl sulfoxide and in water were identified by employing the DFT calculations. Both of the most possible structures indicated only a local excitation in their λmax and no charge transfer was observed. However, one of the structures in dimethyl sulfoxide presented charge transfer properties occurring through NCCC moiety. A univariate optimization method was also used to attain the optimum condition for analysis. In addition, the dependence of the analytical response on the three main affecting parameters (reaction time (X1), Triton X-100 concentration (X2) and MAF concentration (X3)) was identified by employing a central composite design (CCD) approach. The CCD study showed that the analytical response depends complexly on the parameters. Beer's law was obeyed within the range of 0.06-9.30 μg mL-1 of MES (155 fold linearity) at 575 nm, under the optimum condition introduced by the CCD approach. Also, the limit of detection was obtained 0.04 μg mL-1 of MES. The method showed precision (as relative standard deviation) and accuracy (as recovery) within the ranges of 0.6-3.2 % and 96.3-100.8%, respectively. Various organic and inorganic species, amino-pharmaceuticals, and amino acids were tested to evaluate the selectivity of the method. The selectivity of the analytical method was satisfactory. The method was successfully applied for detection of MES in various water matrices and pharmaceutical tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sabahi-Agabager
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Habibollah Eskandari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran.
| | - Farough Nasiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Amir Nasser Shamkhali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Baghi Sefidan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
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Rapid and simple CZE-UV method for quality control of B1 and B6 vitamins in drugs and dietary supplements. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/afpuc-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The application of hydrodynamically closed capillary zone electrophoresis combined with convenient ultraviolet (UV) detection allows fast, simple, environmentally friendly and cost-effective analysis of ions or ionisable molecules. This technique has been used to determine two selected B vitamins (thiamine, pyridoxine) in various drug formulations. The developed method was characterised by excellent validation parameters, such as linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The total time of analysis was lower than 13.5 min. The results indicate that the method is suitable for implementation in routine quality control of selected B vitamins in pharmaceutical and food samples.
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A novel multicomponent TMDC, MoS2–WS2–CoSx, as an effective electrocatalyst for simultaneous detection ultra-levels of prednisolone and rutin in human body fluids. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Grodner B, Napiórkowska M. Capillary electrophoresis for the investigation of two novel aminoalkanol derivatives of 1,7-diethyl-8,9-diphenyl-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6] dec-8-ene-3,5,10-trione as potential anticancer drugs in water solution and serum. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:648-656. [PMID: 31705790 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed and validated for the analysis of two novel aminoalkanol derivatives (I) and (II) of 1,7-diethyl-8,9-diphenyl-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6 ]dec-8-ene-3,5,10-trione, which were found in earlier studies as potential anticancer drugs. Samples were analyzed to demonstrate the specificity and stability indicating ability of the developed method. The samples were extracted using n-hexane-ethyl acetate mixture in the ratio of 90:10. Electrophoretic separation was performed on a eCAP fused silica capillary (37 cm length, 50 µm inside diameter) with a 50 mM tetraborate buffer as a background electrolyte adjusted to pH = 2.5. The separation time of (I) and (II) was achieved within 7 min. In addition, analysis of the two compounds in the serum was conducted. Limits of detection of (I) and (II) by UV absorbance at 200 nm were achieved in the range of 87.4-92.1 ng/mL. The sufficient recovery was observed in the range of 90.3-99.8%. The quantification limits for the compounds (I) and (II) were in the range of 279.71-291.03 ng/mL, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of compounds (I) and (II) in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Grodner
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomic, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Napiórkowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Brusač E, Jeličić ML, Amidžić Klarić D, Nigović B, Turk N, Klarić I, Mornar A. Pharmacokinetic Profiling and Simultaneous Determination of Thiopurine Immunosuppressants and Folic Acid by Chromatographic Methods. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24193469. [PMID: 31554326 PMCID: PMC6803969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in the number of medicines patients have to take, there has been a rapid rise of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) in the last two decades. Prior to FDC development, pharmacokinetic properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have to be evaluated, as well as methods for their determination developed. So as to increase patient compliance in inflammatory bowel disease, three novel FDCs of thiopurine immunosuppressants and folic acid are proposed; physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic properties such as hydrophobicity, lipophilicity and plasma protein binding of all APIs are evaluated. Moreover, experimental results of different properties are compared to those computed by various on-line prediction platforms so as to evaluate the viability of the in silico approach. A simultaneous method for their determination is developed, optimized, validated and applied to commercial tablet formulations. The method has shown to be fast, selective, accurate and precise, showing potential for reliable determination of API content in proposed FDCs during its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Brusač
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mario-Livio Jeličić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Biljana Nigović
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nikša Turk
- Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ilija Klarić
- Public Health Brčko DC, R. Dž. Čauševića 1, 76100 Brčko DC, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Ana Mornar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Hanko M, Švorc Ľ, Planková A, Mikuš P. Novel electrochemical strategy for determination of 6-mercaptopurine using anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Stolz A, Jooß K, Höcker O, Römer J, Schlecht J, Neusüß C. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: Instrumentation, methodology and applications. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:79-112. [PMID: 30260009 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers fast and high-resolution separation of charged analytes from small injection volumes. Coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), it represents a powerful analytical technique providing (exact) mass information and enables molecular characterization based on fragmentation. Although hyphenation of CE and MS is not straightforward, much emphasis has been placed on enabling efficient ionization and user-friendly coupling. Though several interfaces are now commercially available, research on more efficient and robust interfacing with nano-electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP) continues with considerable results. At the same time, CE-MS has been used in many fields, predominantly for the analysis of proteins, peptides and metabolites. This review belongs to a series of regularly published articles, summarizing 248 articles covering the time between June 2016 and May 2018. Latest developments on hyphenation of CE with MS as well as instrumental developments such as two-dimensional separation systems with MS detection are mentioned. Furthermore, applications of various CE-modes including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled to MS in biological, pharmaceutical and environmental research are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Jooß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Höcker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Römer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schlecht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Capillary Electrophoresis Hyphenated with Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Drugs in Clinical Urine Samples. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111973. [PMID: 29140288 PMCID: PMC6150202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Azathioprine is the main thiopurine drug used in the treatment of immune-based inflammations of gastrointestinal tract. For the purpose of therapy control and optimization, effective and reliable analytical methods for a rapid drug monitoring in biological fluids are essential. Here, we developed a separation method based on the capillary electrophoresis (CE) hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of azathioprine and its selected metabolites (6-thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-methylmercaptopurine) as well as other co-medicated drugs (mesalazine, prednisone, and allopurinol). The optimized CE-MS/MS conditions provided a very efficient and stable system for the separation and sensitive detection of these drugs in human urine matrices. The developed method was successfully applied for the assay of the targeted drugs and their selected metabolites in urine samples collected from patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and receiving azathioprine therapy. The developed CE-MS/MS method, due to its reliability, short analysis time, production of complex clinical profiles, and favorable performance parameters, evaluated according to FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation, is proposed for routine clinical laboratories to optimize thiopurine therapy, estimate enzymatic activity, and control patient compliance with medication and co-medication.
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