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Kovačić J, Klarić DA, Turk N, Mornar A. Size exclusion chromatography as green support for forced degradation study of adalimumab. Acta Pharm 2023; 73:709-721. [PMID: 38147477 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has become a powerful tool for analysing size variants of biologic drugs in their native form. Modern SEC can be defined by the use of chromatographic columns packed with sub-3 µm particles, allowing an increase in method throughput compared to that of conventional SEC. We performed the forced degradation study of adalimumab, the first genetically engineered fully humanised immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, and evaluated tha possibilities of an advanced SEC column packed with sub-3 µm particles for elucidation of the degradation pathway. Our results revealed the main adalimumab degradation products to be antibody fragments. Acidic and basic conditions had the most intensive effect on the degradation of the adalimumab while the drug exhibits relative stability under thermal and photolytic stress conditions. The AGREE and AGREEprep calculators were used for the evaluation of the environmental performance of the forced degradation procedure. The results of the green score evaluation are presented as round pictograms with a circle in the centre that shows the overall score of 0.81 and 0.61, respectively. Both pictograms are highlighted in green, indicating the eco-friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kovačić
- 1University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- 1University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikša Turk
- 2Clinical Hospital Zagreb Department of Gastroenterology, 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- 1University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Benčić Đ, Barbarić M, Mornar A, Klarić DA, Brozovic A, Dabelić S, Fadljević M, Marković AK. Oleuropein in olive leaf, branch, and stem extracts: stability and biological activity in human cervical carcinoma and melanoma cells. Acta Pharm 2023; 73:601-616. [PMID: 38147483 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaves as a main byproduct of olive oil and fruit industry are a valuable source of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, with multiple biomedical effects. Apart from leaves, olive branches and stems make up a significant amount of olive waste. It is well known that the drying process and long-term storage affect the stability and concentration of polyphenols present in raw materials. For that matter, two different means of storing olive waste, at room temperature and +4 °C, were compared by determining the content of the polyphenol oleuropein (OLE) in olive leaf, branch, and stem extracts (LE, BE, and SE) by HPLC-DAD method. Total phenols (TPC), o-diphenols (o-DPC), and total flavonoids (TFC) content in extracts were assessed by UV-Vis measurements. LE prepared from leaves stored at +4 °C had the highest OLE content, 30.7 mg g-1 of dry extract (DE). SE from stems stored at +4 °C was the richest in TPC and TFC (193 mg GAE/g DE and 82.9 mg CE/g DE, respectively), due to the higher purity of the extract. The biological activity of extracts was determined on cervical cancer (HeLa), melanoma (A375), metastatic melanoma (A375M) tumor cell lines, and on spontaneously immortalized cell line of keratinocytes (HaCaT), using the MTT assay. The data show that all extracts had a similar dose-dependent effect on cell viability in HeLa cells, while the effect of LE on melanoma A375 and A375M, and HaCaT cells was cell-line dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đani Benčić
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Barbarić
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Sanja Dabelić
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Fadljević
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Amidžić Klarić D, Kovačić J, Jeličić ML, Zubčić S, Stankov V, Gulan Čičak M, Bučar B, Klarić I, Mornar A. Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters and Contaminants in Herbal Dietary Supplements Used in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:893. [PMID: 37375839 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex disorder characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. Thus, patients prefer to use herbal dietary supplements containing turmeric, Indian frankincense, green chiretta, and black pepper in an attempt to cope better with their chronic condition. The dietary supplements' dosage forms and herbal ingredients were assessed in terms of the products' physicochemical parameters (weight uniformity, friability, disintegration, rupture test, tablet's breaking force, and powder flowability) in view of the USP-NF requirements. In addition, contaminants such as organic solvents and ethylene oxide were evaluated using gas chromatography. Assessment of gluten via an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was also performed. Most of the products met USP requirements. The high average weight of one multicomponent tablet sample with a high breaking force value can explain the observed negative results of the disintegration test. A total of 26% of samples tested positive for gluten, but the most alarming fact is that the ethylene oxide levels found in two samples were up to 30 times higher than the EU limit. Accordingly, dietary supplement quality control is of fundamental importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Kovačić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario-Livio Jeličić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Zubčić
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medicinal Devices of Croatia, Ksaverska Cesta 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Marija Gulan Čičak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Sample Control, Puškarićeva Ulica 18, 10 250 Lučko, Croatia
| | - Boris Bučar
- Sample Control, Puškarićeva Ulica 18, 10 250 Lučko, Croatia
| | - Ilija Klarić
- Public Health Brčko DC, R. Dž. Čauševića 1, 76000 Brčko DC, Bosnia and Hercegovina
| | - Ana Mornar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Brusač E, Jeličić ML, Nigović B, Amidžić Klarić D, Mornar A. Determination of Curcuminoids, Piperine, Boswellic Acids and Andrographolides in Food and Dietary Supplements by HPLC. Food Technol Biotechnol 2022; 60:434-448. [PMID: 36816876 PMCID: PMC9901341 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.60.04.22.7560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background As use of functional food and herbal combination products is ever increasing, methods for quality control of such preparations are necessary. Moreover, low quality of products can cause either lack of benefit or harm to the consumer. In this work, determination of three curcuminoids, piperine, six boswellic acids and three andrographolides, often used in combination products, was carried out in raw materials and dietary supplements. Experimental approach After extraction optimization using Box-Behnken design, maximum active substance yields were obtained using 81.5% ethanol in hydroethanolic extraction solvent, 30 min sonication time and 60 °C extraction temperature. Afterwards, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated, with special attention paid to selectivity, precision and robustness of the method. Lastly, 54 food and dietary supplement samples were analyzed. Results and conclusions Most products were bought locally, from credible vendors and they all complied with relevant regulatory requirements. However, products obtained on the Internet contained little to no active substances (24% of samples contained less than 20% declared content), presumably showing no efficacy, or were either found to be likely adulterated or contained very high amounts of active substances, compromising safety in terms of dose-dependent adverse effects (one sample containing andrographolides) and pharmacokinetic interactions (one sample containing piperine). In conclusion, consumers should refrain from purchasing such products from the Internet and obtain them only from verified suppliers such as local pharmacies or health stores. Novelty and scientific contribution This work demonstrates the first developed method for the analysis of aforementioned combination products, which are on the rise today. The method is simple and robust and can be adapted by most laboratories for routine quality control of the said products. Moreover, the work sheds light on the low quality of several products and signifies the need for increased consumer awareness of dangers of taking such products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Mornar
- Corresponding authors: Phone: +38514818288, E-mail: ;
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Jeličić ML, Amidžić Klarić D, Kovačić J, Verbanac D, Mornar A. Accessing Lipophilicity and Biomimetic Chromatography Profile of Biologically Active Ingredients of Botanicals Used in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080965. [PMID: 36015114 PMCID: PMC9413514 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, various procedures have been compared for the determination of lipophilicity, hydrophobicity, and plasma protein binding of curcuminoids, boswellic acids, andrographolides, and piperine as biologically active ingredients of botanicals used in IBD treatment. Our results have shown that IAM-HPLC assay is the most suitable one for lipophilicity determination of all analytes regardless of their class and botanical source. HSA-HPAC and AGP-HPAC assays revealed that all investigated compounds have a higher affinity for HSA which is the most abundant protein in human plasma. The high affinity of biologically active compounds to all biological structures (phospholipids and proteins) admonishes that their small portion is available for therapeutic effects in IBD patients. Our experimental research is complemented by various theoretical approaches based on different algorithms for pharmacokinetic properties prediction. The similarities between experimental and calculated values were evaluated using PCA and CA as a statistical tool. The statistical analysis implies that plasma protein binding is a complex process, and theoretical approaches still cannot fully replace experimental ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario-Livio Jeličić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Kovačić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Jeličić ML, Kovačić J, Cvetnić M, Mornar A, Amidžić Klarić D. Antioxidant Activity of Pharmaceuticals: Predictive QSAR Modeling for Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070791. [PMID: 35890091 PMCID: PMC9316871 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since oxidative stress has been linked to several pathological conditions and diseases, drugs with additional antioxidant activity can be beneficial in the treatment of these diseases. Therefore, this study takes a new look at the antioxidant activity of frequently prescribed drugs using the HPLC-DPPH method. The antioxidative activity expressed as the TEAC value of 82 drugs was successfully determined and is discussed in this work. Using the obtained values, the QSAR model was developed to predict the TEAC based on the selected molecular descriptors. The results of QSAR modeling showed that four- and seven-variable models had the best potential for TEAC prediction. Looking at the statistical parameters of each model, the four-variable model was superior to seven-variable. The final model showed good predicting power (r = 0.927) considering the selected descriptors, implying that it can be used as a fast and economically acceptable evaluation of antioxidative activity. The advantage of such model is its ability to predict the antioxidative activity of a drug regardless of its structural diversity or therapeutic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario-Livio Jeličić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Jelena Kovačić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Matija Cvetnić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Ana Mornar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (D.A.K.)
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Amidžić Klarić D, Klarić I, Mornar A, Velić D, Velić N. Polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity and metal composition of traditional
blackberry products. Croat j food sci technol (Online) 2021. [DOI: 10.17508/cjfst.2021.13.2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, commercially available traditional blackberry products, namely
blackberry wines and blackberry elixirs from Coastal Croatia and Bosnia and
Herzegovina, were investigated as sources of bioactive compounds, essential
nutrients and metals. Samples were analysed for pH, total polyphenols and
monomeric anthocyanins content, individual phenolic acids (gallic acid,
chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid), antioxidant activity
(DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (RPA), total nitrogen and phosphorus as
well as metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Cd). The results of this
study showed that the studied traditional blackberry products are rich sources
of polyphenols and their consumption could increase the daily intake of dietary
antioxidants in humans. In addition, both groups of traditional blackberry
products could be considered safe for health and good additional sources of
essential minerals such as manganese and potassium. The concentrations of the
analysed undesirable toxic and potentially toxic metals in the studied
blackberry products were below the maximum allowable concentrations
defined by various regulations for wines and fruit wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilija Klarić
- Public Health Brčko DC, Department of Health Ecology, R. Dž. Čauševića 1, 76000 Brčko DC, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Mornar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Velić
- University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Natalija Velić
- University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Brusač E, Jeličić ML, AmidŽić Klarić D, Nigović B, Keser S, Mornar A. Development of a HPLC-DAD stability-indicating method and compatibility study of azathioprine and folic acid as a prerequisite for a monolayer fixed-dose combination. Anal Methods 2021; 13:1422-1431. [PMID: 33687392 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00294e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adherence in chronic diseases is a major problem which can be combated by prescribing fixed-dose combinations in the therapy of the disease. Thus, a combination of azathioprine and folic acid in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is highly required, but prior to formulation development, chemical compatibility of the two drugs needs to be investigated. In this work, differential scanning calorimetry, isothermal stress testing, in vitro dissolution and forced degradation studies were utilized to investigate compatibility. Moreover, a stability-indicating HPLC-DAD method for the determination of parent drugs and five of their impurities was developed, validated and applied to the in-house sample. Compatibility testing revealed no noteworthy interactions of the two drug substances. Furthermore, forced degradation showed no substantial differences between the degradation profiles of each active pharmaceutical ingredient, their mixture and the in-house sample, further reinforcing the claim of compatibility. Lastly, the in-house sample was analyzed: it was shown to conform to the requirements of relevant regulatory documents for all the investigated analytes, demonstrating the method's viability for use in formulation and process development. Our results give way to the possibility of realization of said fixed-dose combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Brusač
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy of Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Jeličić ML, Brusač E, Kurajica S, Cvetnić M, Amidžić Klarić D, Nigović B, Mornar A. Drug-Drug Compatibility Evaluation of Sulfasalazine and Folic Acid for Fixed-Dose Combination Development Using Various Analytical Tools. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:400. [PMID: 33802955 PMCID: PMC8002613 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous administration of sulfasalazine and folic acid is regular practice in the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases in order to maintain sufficient folate concentration in patients. Having multiple drugs in the therapy increases the possibility of patients failing adherence, thus unintentionally endangering their health. A fixed-dose combination of sulfasalazine and folic would simplify the classical polytherapeutic approach; however, the physicochemical compatibility investigation of two active pharmaceutical ingredients plays an important role in the development of such a product. In this work, various analytical tools were used to determine the physicochemical compatibility of sulfasalazine and folic acid. For the evaluation of chemical compatibility, infrared spectroscopy in combination with advanced statistical methods, such as the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, were used, whilst a simultaneous thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis gave us an insight into the physical compatibility of two drugs. Isothermal stress testing, forced degradation and dissolution studies, followed by the analysis with a developed chromatographic method for the monitoring of folic acid, sulfasalazine and two of its related impurities, sulfapyridine and salicylic acid, gave us an insight into its chemical compatibility. The combination of the results obtained from the used techniques implies a satisfactory physicochemical compatibility between sulfasalazine and folic acid, which opens the path to the development of the proposed fixed-dose combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario-Livio Jeličić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (E.B.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Edvin Brusač
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (E.B.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Stanislav Kurajica
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulić Square 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Matija Cvetnić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulić Square 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (E.B.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Biljana Nigović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (E.B.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Ana Mornar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (E.B.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
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Brusač E, Jeličić ML, Cvetnić M, Amidžić Klarić D, Nigović B, Mornar A. A Comprehensive Approach to Compatibility Testing Using Chromatographic, Thermal and Spectroscopic Techniques: Evaluation of Potential for a Monolayer Fixed-Dose Combination of 6-Mercaptopurine and Folic Acid. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030274. [PMID: 33802871 PMCID: PMC8002671 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a systematical compatibility investigation of 6-mercaptopurine and folic acid, two commonly used medications in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, for the needs of a fixed-dose combination development strategy is shown. Various techniques and approaches, such as differential scanning calorimetry, isothermal stress testing, attenuated total reflectance–Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dissolution medium stability and forced degradation studies, were used to elucidate the possible interactions from different aspects. The results predominantly point to the absence of physicochemical interactions between the examined substances in a variety of possible conditions. However, the forced degradation of the blend of substances and excipients in basic conditions showed a drastic degradation of 6-mercaptopurine, signifying that attention needs to be directed to the careful selection of the excipients for the formulation. To sum up, our findings indicate that a fixed-dose combination of 6-mercaptopurine and folic acid could be produced using one formulation blend, immensely simplifying its manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Brusač
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.-L.J.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Mario-Livio Jeličić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.-L.J.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Matija Cvetnić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.-L.J.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Biljana Nigović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.-L.J.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Ana Mornar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.-L.J.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-481-8288
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Jeličić ML, Brusač E, Kurajica S, Cvetnić M, Amidžić Klarić D, Nigović B, Mornar A. Thermoanalytical, Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Approach to Physicochemical Compatibility Investigation of 5-Aminosalicylates and Folic Acid. CROAT CHEM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.5562/cca3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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12
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Jeličić ML, Brusač E, Klarić DA, Nigović B, Turk N, Mornar A. A chromatographic approach to development of 5-aminosalicylate/folic acid fixed-dose combinations for treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20838. [PMID: 33257796 PMCID: PMC7705649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication adherence is an important factor in inflammatory bowel disease therapy, which includes regular supplementation of malabsorbed vitamins. Absorption of folic acid is limited due to the damaging of the gastrointestinal tract, which can increase the chances to develop megaloblastic anaemia and colorectal cancer. In this work, 5-aminosalicylates (mesalazine, balsalazide, sulfasalazine and olsalazine) and folic acid were characterized regarding their pharmacokinetic related properties (hydrophobicity, phospholipid and plasma protein binding) using the biomimetic chromatographic approach. Despite the high binding percentage of 5-aminosalicylates for human serum albumin (> 61.44%), results have shown that folic acid binding to human serum albumin protein is far greater (69.40%) compared to α1-acid-glycoprotein (3.45%). Frontal analysis and zonal elution studies were conducted to provide an insight into the binding of folic acid to human serum albumin and potential competition with 5-aminosalicylates. The analytical method for the simultaneous determination of assay in proposed fixed-dose combinations was developed and validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) and FDA method validation guidelines. Separation of all compounds was achieved within 16 min with satisfactory resolution (Rs > 3.67) using the XBridge Phenyl column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm). High linearity (r > 0.9997) and precision (RSD < 2.29%) was obtained, whilst all recoveries were within the regulatory defined range by British (100.0 ± 5.0%) and United States Pharmacopeia (100.0 ± 10.0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario-Livio Jeličić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Edvin Brusač
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Nigović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikša Turk
- Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Amidžić Klarić D, Klarić I, Mornar A, Velić N, Velić D. Assessment of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Blackberry Wines. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111623. [PMID: 33171729 PMCID: PMC7694964 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blackberry wine is a natural source of bioactive phenolic compounds that have profound antioxidant potential. The objectives of the present research were to assess the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of blackberry wines (BW), and to use the chemometric analysis to differentiate among the two groups of samples, i.e., conventional and organic. Fifteen BW samples were analyzed for their total polyphenol index, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total tannins, total monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity by the appropriate spectrophotometric methods. The concentrations of individual phenolic acids (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid) and trans-resveratrol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. A comparison between the two groups of investigated BW samples revealed a statistically significant difference in the concentration of caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, both being higher in the organic BW samples. Furthermore, the results showed a series of statistically highly significant relationships between the analyzed constituents (caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid). The antioxidant activity of the investigated wines was proportional to the concentrations of bioactive phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-639-4454
| | - Ilija Klarić
- Department of Health Ecology, Public Health Brčko DC, R. Dž. Čauševića 1, 76000 Brčko DC, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ana Mornar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Natalija Velić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.V.); (D.V.)
| | - Darko Velić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.V.); (D.V.)
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Petruševska V, Lasić K, Mornar A. Compatibility investigation for a new antituberculotic fixed dose combination with an adequate drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1298-1307. [PMID: 32597312 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1788066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The compatibility of formulation components is crucial for safe and high-quality medicines. To detect the potential for incompatibility and to assess formulation stability, it is beneficial to conduct a compatibility study during the drug development phase. The therapy of tuberculosis normally consists of two or more medicines taken together. Consequently, different antituberculotic fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulations have been developed. Isoniazid is first-line medicine and present in several FDCs. Low bioavailability due to the active substances' incompatibility in acidic medium was reported for some of these FDC forms. Rifabutin, also a first-line antituberculotic, is available in the market as a single component formulation. This study presents compatibility testing of these two active substances for a new FDC and evaluates the impact of the most common solid dosage forms' excipients on the stability of two active substances. The potential for interaction between the formulation components was analyzed by the UHPLC method. One degradation product and one interaction product were observed and further characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Still, significant degradation of two active substances, such as reported in marketed FDC formulations was not detected for this combination. The stability and drug delivery of the proposed combination were confirmed by the dissolution test in acidic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Mornar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Mornar A, Buhač T, Klarić DA, Klarić I, Sertić M, Nigović B. Multi-targeted Screening of Phytoestrogens in Food, Raw Material, and Dietary Supplements by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Nigović B, Mornar A, Brusač E, Jeličić ML. Selective sensor for simultaneous determination of mesalazine and folic acid using chitosan coated carbon nanotubes functionalized with amino groups. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Brusač E, Jeličić ML, Amidžić Klarić D, Nigović B, Turk N, Klarić I, Mornar A. Pharmacokinetic Profiling and Simultaneous Determination of Thiopurine Immunosuppressants and Folic Acid by Chromatographic Methods. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193469. [PMID: 31554326 PMCID: PMC6803969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in the number of medicines patients have to take, there has been a rapid rise of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) in the last two decades. Prior to FDC development, pharmacokinetic properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have to be evaluated, as well as methods for their determination developed. So as to increase patient compliance in inflammatory bowel disease, three novel FDCs of thiopurine immunosuppressants and folic acid are proposed; physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic properties such as hydrophobicity, lipophilicity and plasma protein binding of all APIs are evaluated. Moreover, experimental results of different properties are compared to those computed by various on-line prediction platforms so as to evaluate the viability of the in silico approach. A simultaneous method for their determination is developed, optimized, validated and applied to commercial tablet formulations. The method has shown to be fast, selective, accurate and precise, showing potential for reliable determination of API content in proposed FDCs during its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Brusač
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mario-Livio Jeličić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Biljana Nigović
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nikša Turk
- Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ilija Klarić
- Public Health Brčko DC, R. Dž. Čauševića 1, 76100 Brčko DC, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Ana Mornar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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18
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Lasić K, Bokulić A, Milić A, Nigović B, Mornar A. Lipophilicity and bio‐mimetic properties determination of phytoestrogens using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4551. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Biljana Nigović
- Department of Pharmaceutical AnalysisUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- Department of Pharmaceutical AnalysisUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Zagreb Croatia
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Mornar A, Sertić M, Amidžić Klarić D, Klarić I, Stipanović K, Nigović B. Evaluation of alcohol content and metal impurities in liquid dietary supplements by sHSS-GC-FID and GFAAS techniques. Food Chem 2016; 211:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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20
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Amidžić Klarić D, Klarić I, Mornar A, Velić D, Velić N. Blackberry wines mineral and heavy metal content determination after dry ashing: multivariate data analysis as a tool for fruit wine quality control. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:514-23. [PMID: 27163834 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1181159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study brings out the data on the content of 21 mineral and heavy metal in 15 blackberry wines made of conventionally and organically grown blackberries. The objective of this study was to classify the blackberry wine samples based on their mineral composition and the applied cultivation method of the starting raw material by using chemometric analysis. The metal content of Croatian blackberry wine samples was determined by AAS after dry ashing. The comparison between an organic and conventional group of investigated blackberry wines showed statistically significant difference in concentrations of Si and Li, where the organic group contained higher concentrations of these compounds. According to multivariate data analysis, the model based on the original metal content data set finally included seven original variables (K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ba, Cd and Cr) and gave a satisfactory separation of two applied cultivation methods of the starting raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilija Klarić
- b Department of Health Ecology , Public Health Brčko DC , Brčko DC , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Mornar
- c Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Darko Velić
- d Faculty of Food Technology Osijek , University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Natalija Velić
- d Faculty of Food Technology Osijek , University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
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Nigović B, Završki M, Sertić M, Mornar A. Simple and Fast Voltammetric Method for Assaying Monacolin K in Red Yeast Rice Formulated Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Sertić M, Mornar A, Nigović B. A rapid profiling of hypolipidemic agents in dietary supplements by direct injection tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Plazonić A, Mornar A, Maleš Ž, Kujundžić N. Phenolic content and antioxidant activities of burr parsley (Caucalis platycarpos L.). Molecules 2013; 18:8666-81. [PMID: 23881052 PMCID: PMC6269816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18078666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since C. platycarpos contains a wide variety of antioxidants, in the present study total flavonoid and phenolic acid content as well as antioxidative activity of various C. platycarpos extracts were investigated. The results obtained show a significant polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the investigated plant. Moreover, a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and content of flavonoids and phenolic acids was found, indicating the responsibility of these compounds for the antioxidant effectiveness of C. platycarpos extracts and making C. platycarpos a good potential source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Plazonić
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Ksaverska cesta 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mail:
| | - Ana Mornar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (A.M.); (Ž.M.)
| | - Željan Maleš
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (A.M.); (Ž.M.)
| | - Nikola Kujundžić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (A.M.); (Ž.M.)
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26
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Mornar A, Sertić M, Nigović B. Development of a rapid LC/DAD/FLD/MS(n) method for the simultaneous determination of monacolins and citrinin in red fermented rice products. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:1072-1080. [PMID: 23305336 DOI: 10.1021/jf304881g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Red fermented rice is used worldwide by many patients as an alternative therapy for hyperlipidemia; however, the discovery of a toxic fermentation byproduct, citrinin, causes much controversy about the safety of red mold rice products. A new and fast high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of cholesterol-lowering compounds monacolin K (lovastatin), monacolin K hydroxy acid, and other monacolins present in red fermented rice as well as nephrotoxic mycotoxin citrinin in a single run using connected diode array and fluorescence and mass spectrometric detectors. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of red fermented rice food samples and various dietary supplements also containing other natural lipid-lowering agents. The deviations between label content and levels of active compounds found in investigated samples as well as high batch-to-batch variation found in one product indicate that the regular quality control of red fermented rice products is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mornar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Mornar A, Sertić M, Turk N, Nigović B, Koršić M. Simultaneous analysis of mitotane and its main metabolites in human blood and urine samples by SPE-HPLC technique. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1308-14. [PMID: 22259022 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with an incompletely understood pathogenesis and a poor prognosis. The adrenalytic activity of mitotane has made it the most important single drug in the treatment of ACC. Unfortunately, the exact mechanism of mitotane action is still unknown. It is believed that mitotane belongs to the class of drugs that require metabolic transformation by cytochrome P450 for therapeutic action; therefore determination of plasma levels of not only mitotane but also its metabolites would help in carrying out the treatment. The objective of this work was to develop and validate an SPE-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of mitotane and its metabolites in different biological fluids. The sample preparation consisted of a solid-phase extraction on a Discovery DSC(18) cartridge, while analysis of extracts was performed on a Symmetry C(18) column. The usefulness of the proposed method was confirmed by analysis of plasma, red cell and urine samples from patient chronically treated with 1.5 g of mitotane. The patient involved in this study had a high plasma concentration of mitotane and none of the investigated metabolites were found. In order to investigate whether the polymorphism of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 enzymes could be related to the metabolism of mitotane, RT-PCR analysis was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mornar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Plazonic A, Males Z, Mornar A, Nigovic B, Kujundzic N. Characterization and quantification of flavonoid aglycones and phenolic acids in the hydrolyzed methanolic extract of Caucalis platycarpos using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Chem Nat Compd 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-011-9823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Mornar A, Damić M, Nigović B. Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Statin Drugs Characterized by Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.511738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mornar A, Damić M, Nigović B. Separation, Characterization, and Quantification of Atorvastatin and Related Impurities by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003763624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Plazonić A, Bucar F, Maleš Ž, Mornar A, Nigović B, Kujundžić N. Identification and quantification of flavonoids and phenolic acids in burr parsley (Caucalis platycarpos L.), using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Molecules 2009; 14:2466-90. [PMID: 19633617 PMCID: PMC6255260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14072466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive method coupling high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detector (DAD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) was optimized for the separation and identification of phenolic acids, flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid aglycones in the extract of burr parsley (Caucalis platycarpos L.). Fragmentation behavior of flavonoid glycosides and phenolic acids were investigated using ion trap mass spectrometry in negative electrospray ionization. The MS, MS(n) and UV data together with HPLC retention time (T(R)) of phenolic acids and flavonoids allowed structural characterization of these compounds. Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) isomers, p-coumaroyl-quinic acids (p-CoQA), feruloylquinic acids (FQA), dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQA), luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, apigenin-7-O-rutinoside as well as isolated chrysoeriol-7-O-rutinoside have been identified as constituents of C. platycarpos for the first time. An accurate, precise and sensitive LC-DAD method for quantification of four phenolic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, caffeic, p-coumaric, o-coumaric acid), four flavonoid glycosides (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside), and three flavonoid aglycones (luteolin, apigenin, chrysoeriol) in C. platycarpos extract was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision and accuracy. 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid was the predominant phenolic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside was the predominant flavonoid glycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Plazonić
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Ksaverska cesta 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franz Bucar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, A-8010, Austria
| | - Željan Maleš
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Nigović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Kujundžić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Cvek J, Medić-Šarić M, Jasprica I, Mornar A. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the phenolic acid and flavonoid content of Croatian propolis samples. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2007. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.20.2007.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Cvek J, Medić-Sarić M, Jasprica I, Zubcić S, Vitali D, Mornar A, Vedrina-Dragojević I, Tomić S. Optimisation of an extraction procedure and chemical characterisation of Croatian propolis tinctures. Phytochem Anal 2007; 18:451-9. [PMID: 17624905 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of different flavonoid groups and total phenolics in Croatian propolis samples were optimised and validated. The assay based on the formation of aluminium chloride complex (with galangin as a standard) was applied to the quantification of flavones and flavonols, while the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method (with pinocembrine as a reference) was used for the quantification of flavanones. Total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteau method using reference solution of caffeic acid:galangin:pinocembrine (1:1:1). Through analytical validation, the most suitable extraction conditions (with respect to time, temperature and concentration of extraction solvent) were determined, and final conditions for the extraction were established (80% ethanol, 1 h at the room temperature). The appropriate ratio between the mass of raw propolis and the extraction solvent volume was also established. By the application of the optimised method of extraction, 10 propolis tinctures were prepared and subjected to the analysis of general pharmacopoeial parameters, which are fundamental for the creation of quality specification (relative density, dry residue of extract, content of ethanol, methanol and 2-propanol). Additionally, the content of waxes as the main inactive constituents was determined in order to observe the level of their migration from crude propolis to the prepared tinctures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cvek
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Ksaverska cesta 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Jasprica I, Bojic M, Mornar A, Besic E, Bucan K, Medic-Saric M. Evaluation of antioxidative activity of Croatian propolis samples using DPPH* and ABTS*+ stable free radical assays. Molecules 2007; 12:1006-21. [PMID: 17873836 PMCID: PMC6149354 DOI: 10.3390/12051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is one of the richest sources of plant phenolics (flavonoids and phenolic acids), which are widely recognized as rather strong antioxidants. The aim of our work was to use colored stable free radical (DPPH* and ABTS*+) spectrophotometric and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) assays to study the antioxidative behavior of the phenolics (caffeic acid, galangin and pinocembrin) most commonly present in Croatian propolis samples obtained from different Croatian regions. We propose a mathematical model providing a more sophisticated interpretation of the obtained results and a new parameter named antioxidative efficiency (AOE) is introduced. The kinetic behaviour of chosen standards determined by spectrophotometric assays follows the exponential decrease of the absorption curve. Explained numerically, AOE represents the absolute value of the first derivative of an absorbance curve in the point A0/e (where A0 is the absorbance measured at t = 0 and e is the natural logarithm base). The advantage of this newly introduced parameter is that it provides an easy and accurate mutual comparison between the rates of antioxidative efficiency of different propolis samples. A TLC assay was only applicable in the case of the DPPH* radical. Dose-response curves were described using a linear function with AOE expressed as a coefficient of the slope. The chromatographic method was shown to be very rapid, reliable and easy-to-perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Jasprica
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirza Bojic
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Erim Besic
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kajo Bucan
- Split Clinical Hospital, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marica Medic-Saric
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: ; Tel: (+385) 1 4818 304; Fax: (+385) 1 4856 201
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Debeljak Z, Skrbo A, Jasprica I, Mornar A, Plecko V, Banjanac M, Medić-Sarić M. QSAR Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Some 3-Nitrocoumarins and Related Compounds. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47:918-26. [PMID: 17489552 DOI: 10.1021/ci600473z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new class of antimicrobial agents, 3-nitrocoumarins and related compounds, has been chosen as a subject of the present study. In order to explore their activity and molecular properties that determine their antimicrobial effects, QSAR models have been proposed. Most of the 64 descriptors used for the development were extracted from semiempirical and density functional theory (DFT) founded calculations. For this study literature data containing results of microbiological activity screening of 33 coumarin derivatives against selected clinical isolates of C. albicans (CA) and S. aureus (SA) have been selected. Multivariate predictive models based on random forests (RF) and two hybrid classification approaches, genetic algorithms (GA) associated with either support vector machines (SVM) or k nearest neighbor (kNN), have been used for establishment of QSARs. An applied feature selection approach enabled two-dimensional linear separation of active and inactive compounds, which was a necessary tool for rational candidate design and descriptor relevance interpretation. Candidate molecules were checked by cross-validated models, and selected derivatives have been synthesized. Their antimicrobial activities were compared to antimicrobial activities of the representative derivatives from the original set in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against chosen SA and CA ATCC strains. High ranking of descriptors consistent with the degree of hydrolytic instability of selected compounds is common to models of antimicrobial activity against both microorganisms. However, descriptor ranking indicates different antimicrobial mechanisms of action of chosen coumarin derivatives against selected microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljko Debeljak
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Jasprica I, Mornar A, Debeljak Z, Smolcić-Bubalo A, Medić-Sarić M, Mayer L, Romić Z, Bućan K, Balog T, Sobocanec S, Sverko V. In vivo study of propolis supplementation effects on antioxidative status and red blood cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 110:548-54. [PMID: 17113741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In vivo study has been conducted on 47 healthy women and men in order to investigate whether daily intake of powdered propolis extract during 30 days has any influence on the following blood parameters: activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, concentration of plasma malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, uric acid, ferritin and transferrin, together with routine red blood cell parameters. The effect of daily propolis intake seems to be time and gender related. For the men test group after the initial 15 days of propolis treatment, 23.2% (p=0.005) decrease in concentration of malondialdehyde was observed. After 30 days of treatment, statistically significant (p=0.010) 20.9% increase in superoxide dismutase activity and change in some of the red blood cell parameters were detected. For the women test group, the propolis treatment did not induce a change in any of the measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Jasprica
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Mornar A, Medić-Šarić M, Jasprica I. ADME Data for polyphenols characterized by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2006. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.19.2006.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Medić-Šarić M, Jasprica I, Mornar A, Smolčić-Bubalo A, Golja P. Quantitative analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in propolis by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.17.2004.6.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Turk N, Mornar A, Mrzljak V, Turk Z. Urinary excretion of advanced glycation endproducts in patients with type 2 diabetes and various stages of proteinuria. Diabetes Metab 2004; 30:187-92. [PMID: 15223992 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to detect AGE-immunoreactive proteins in urine, and to evaluate AGE excretion at various stages of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes assessed by the level of proteinuria. METHODS AGEs were measured in 24-h urine collection of patients with normoalbuminuria (N) (n=22), microalbuminuria (Mi) (n=31), macroalbuminuria (Ma) (n=28), and overt proteinuria with elevated serum creatinine level (PC) (n=25). A competitive ELISA with polyclonal anti-AGE antibodies was used to monitor AGE excretion. RESULTS Multiple comparison of urine AGE content among various stages of proteinuria showed significant differences (summary p<0.000). Fifty percent of samples from the group of normoalbuminuric, and only 15% of samples from the group of microalbuminuria patients were AGE negative. However, there was no significant difference in AGE excretion between the patients with persistent proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine, and those with macroalbuminuria (PC vs Ma, p=0.265). None of the samples from these two groups of patients with highest AGE content in 24-h urine was negative for AGE-immunoreactivity. In addition, the ratio between 24-h urinary AGEs and urinary albumin excretion was calculated to determine whether total 24-h urinary AGE content is an index of the toxic form of albumin released in the course of diabetic nephropathy. The ratio values were log-transformed and bivariate comparison showed significant differences between the N vs Mi (p=0.006) and Mi vs Ma (p=0.000) groups. However, there was no significant difference (p=0.407) between values in the Ma and PC groups of patients. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated a relationship of urinary AGE-immunoreactivity with creatinine clearance values (r=0.52, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the presence of AGE-immunoreactivity in the urine of diabetic patients with various stages of proteinuria. Study results pointed to creatinine clearance as the main predictor of AGE excretion. Therefore, the measurement of urinary AGE appears to offer limited extra information in patients with impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Turk
- Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
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Medić-Sarić M, Mornar A, Jasprica I. Lipophilicity study of salicylamide. Acta Pharm 2004; 54:91-101. [PMID: 15274753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular lipophilicity was studied using salicylamide as a model drug. Log P value for the target compound was experimentally determined by the shake-flask method and calculated using nine different computer programs based on atom/fragment contributions, structural parameters, atom-type electrotopological-state indices and neural network modeling, or topological structure descriptors. Our analysis demonstrates good agreement between the experimentally observed log P value of salicylamide and the value calculated by the CSLogP program, based on topological structure descriptors and electrotopological indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Medić-Sarić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
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Jasprica I, Smolčić-Bubalo A, Mornar A, Medić-Šarić M. Investigation of the flavonoids in Croatian propolis by thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.17.2004.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rastija V, Mornar A, Jasprica I, Srečnik G, Medić-Šarić M. Analysis of phenolic components in Croatian red wines by thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.17.2004.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Živko-Babić J, Medić-Šarić M, Mornar A, Jakovac M, Jasprica I, Turina S. Anodic sampling of titanium by thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2003. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.16.2003.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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