1
|
D'Atri V, Imiołek M, Quinn C, Finny A, Lauber M, Fekete S, Guillarme D. Size exclusion chromatography of biopharmaceutical products: From current practices for proteins to emerging trends for viral vectors, nucleic acids and lipid nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464862. [PMID: 38581978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The 21st century has been particularly productive for the biopharmaceutical industry, with the introduction of several classes of innovative therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies and related compounds, gene therapy products, and RNA-based modalities. All these new molecules are susceptible to aggregation and fragmentation, which necessitates a size variant analysis for their comprehensive characterization. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is one of the reference techniques that can be applied. The analytical techniques for mAbs are now well established and some of them are now emerging for the newer modalities. In this context, the objective of this review article is: i) to provide a short historical background on SEC, ii) to suggest some clear guidelines on the selection of packing material and mobile phase for successful method development in modern SEC; and iii) to highlight recent advances in SEC, such as the use of narrow-bore and micro-bore columns, ultra-wide pore columns, and low-adsorption column hardware. Some important innovations, such as recycling SEC, the coupling of SEC with mass spectrometry, and the use of alternative detectors such as charge detection mass spectrometry and mass photometry are also described. In addition, this review discusses the use of SEC in multidimensional setups and shows some of the most recent advances at the preparative scale. In the third part of the article, the possibility of SEC for the characterization of new modalities is also reviewed. The final objective of this review is to provide a clear summary of opportunities and limitations of SEC for the analysis of different biopharmaceutical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D'Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Abraham Finny
- Waters Corporation, Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation, Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cernosek T, Jain N, Dalphin M, Behrens S, Wunderli P. Accelerated development of a SEC-HPLC procedure for purity analysis of monoclonal antibodies using design of experiments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124037. [PMID: 38335765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The complex structure of biopharmaceutical products poses an inherent need for their thorough characterization to ensure product quality, safety, and efficacy. Analytical size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a widely used technique throughout the development and manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which quantifies product size variants such as aggregates and fragments. Aggregate and fragment content are critical quality attributes (CQAs) in mAb products, as higher contents of such size heterogeneities impact product quality. Historically, SEC methods have achieved sufficient separation between the high molecular weight (HMW) species and the main product. In contrast, some low molecular weight (LMW) species are often not sufficiently different in molecular mass from the main product, making it difficult to achieve appropriate resolutions between the two species. This lack of resolution makes it difficult to consistently quantify the LMW species in mAb-based therapeutics. The following work uses a design of experiments (DoE) approach to establish a robust analytical SEC procedure by evaluating SEC column types and mobile phase compositions using two mAb products with different physiochemical properties. The resulting optimized procedure using a Waters™ BioResolve column exhibits an improved ability to resolve and quantify mAb size variants, highlighting improvement in the resolution of the LMW species. Additionally, the addition of L-arginine as a mobile phase additive showed to reduce secondary interactions and was beneficial in increasing the recoveries of the HMW species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Cernosek
- Catalent Biologics, Madison, WI, USA; Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Sue Behrens
- Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Narsimhan M, Kim J, Morris NA, Bower MA, Gunawardena HP, Bowen E, Regnier FE. Mobile Affinity Selection Chromatography Analysis of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16115-16122. [PMID: 37883730 PMCID: PMC10633814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Federal regulatory agencies require continuous verification of recombinant therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) quality that is commonly achieved in a two-step process. First, the host-cell proteome and metabolome are removed from the production medium by protein A affinity chromatography. Second, following recovery from the affinity column with an acidic wash, mAb quality is assessed in multiple ways by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). However, lengthy sample preparation and the lack of higher-order structure analyses are limitations of this approach. To address these issues, this report presents an integrated approach for the analysis of two critical quality attributes of mAbs, namely titer and relative aggregate content. Integration of sample preparation and molecular-recognition-based analyses were achieved in a single step utilizing an isocratically eluted mobile affinity selection chromatography (MASC) column. MASC circumvents the protein A step, simplifying sample preparation. Within 10 min, (i) mAbs are fluorescently coded for specific detection, (ii) monomers and aggregates are resolved, (iii) the mAb titer is quantified, (iv) relative aggregate content is determined, (v) analytes are detected, and (vi) the column is ready for the next sample. It is suggested herein that this mode of rapid quality assessment will be of value at all stages of discovery (screening, clone selection, characterization), process R&D, and manufacturing. Rapid monitoring of variant formation is a critical element of quality evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meena
L. Narsimhan
- Novilytic,
LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel
Boulevard, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Novilytic,
LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel
Boulevard, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Nathan A. Morris
- Novilytic,
LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel
Boulevard, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Mary A. Bower
- Novilytic,
LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel
Boulevard, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Harsha P. Gunawardena
- Janssen
Research & Development, The Janssen
Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Eric Bowen
- Novilytic,
LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel
Boulevard, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Fred E. Regnier
- Novilytic,
LLC, 1281 Win Hentschel
Boulevard, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Giordani S, Marassi V, Placci A, Zattoni A, Roda B, Reschiglian P. Field-Flow Fractionation in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Molecules 2023; 28:6201. [PMID: 37687030 PMCID: PMC10488451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Field-flow fractionation (FFF) is a family of single-phase separative techniques exploited to gently separate and characterize nano- and microsystems in suspension. These techniques cover an extremely wide dynamic range and are able to separate analytes in an interval between a few nm to 100 µm size-wise (over 15 orders of magnitude mass-wise). They are flexible in terms of mobile phase and can separate the analytes in native conditions, preserving their original structures/properties as much as possible. Molecular biology is the branch of biology that studies the molecular basis of biological activity, while biotechnology deals with the technological applications of biology. The areas where biotechnologies are required include industrial, agri-food, environmental, and pharmaceutical. Many species of biological interest belong to the operational range of FFF techniques, and their application to the analysis of such samples has steadily grown in the last 30 years. This work aims to summarize the main features, milestones, and results provided by the application of FFF in the field of molecular biology and biotechnology, with a focus on the years from 2000 to 2022. After a theoretical background overview of FFF and its methodologies, the results are reported based on the nature of the samples analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Placci
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wysor SK, Marcus RK. Two-dimensional separation of water-soluble polymers using size exclusion and reversed phase chromatography employing capillary-channeled polymer fiber columns. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1701:464051. [PMID: 37209520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric materials are readily available, durable materials that have piqued the interest of many diverse fields, ranging from biomedical engineering to construction. The physiochemical properties of a polymer dictate the behavior and function, where large polydispersity among polymer properties can lead to problems; however, current polymer analysis methods often only report results for one particular property. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) applications have become increasingly popular due to the ability to implement two chromatographic modalities in one platform, meaning the ability to simultaneously address multiple physiochemical aspects of a polymer sample, such as functional group content and molar mass. The work presented employs size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and reversed-phase (RP) chromatography, through two coupling strategies: SEC x RP and RP x RP separations of the water-soluble polymers poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA). Capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber (polyester and polypropylene) stationary phases were used for the RP separations. Particularly attractive is the fact that they are easily implemented as the second dimension in 2DLC workflows due to their low backpressure (<1000 psi at ∼70 mm sec-1) and fast separation times. In-line multi-angle light scattering (MALS) was also implemented for molecular weight determinations of the polymer samples, with the molecular weight of PMA ranging from 5 × 104 to 2 × 105 g mol-1, while PSSA ranges from 105 to 108 g mol-1. While the orthogonal pairing of SEC x RP addresses polymer sizing and chemistry, this approach is limited by long separation times (80 min), the need for high solute concentrations (PMA = 1.79 mg mL-1 and PSSA = 0.175 mg mL-1 to yield comparable absorbance responses) due to on-column dilution and subsequently limited resolution in the RP separation space. With RP x RP couplings, separation times were significantly reduced (40 min), with lower sample concentrations (0.595 mg mL-1 of PMA and 0.05 mg mL-1 of PSSA) required. The combined RP strategy provided better overall distinction in the chemical distribution of the polymers, yielding 7 distict species versus 3 for the SEC x RP coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wysor
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klovak V, Kulichenko S, Lelyushok S. Rhodamine 6G-Anionic Surfactant System Modified by Triton X-100 for Fluorescence Determination of Albumin. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:418-425. [PMID: 36537019 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221149494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The influence of sodium hexadecyl sulfate on the nature of the fluorescence spectra of rhodamine 6G in an aqueous solution and a solution of nonionic Triton X-100 was investigated. The change in the nature of the emission spectra is explained by the formation of hydrophobic stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric reagent-surfactant associates. Stabilization of the colloid-chemical state and reduction of the total turbidity of rhodamine 6G-anionic surfactant associate solutions with the addition of nonionic surfactant as a modifier were registered. The method of modification of the rhodamine 6G-sodium hexadecyl sulfate system with a nonionic surfactant was used in the development of conditions for the fluorescence determination of protein substances in physiological solutions. The concentration conditions for the use of the modified reagent system rhodamine 6G-anionic surfactant-nonionic surfactant for the fluorescence determination of albumin in urine were optimized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Klovak
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Kulichenko
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Lelyushok
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lambiase G, Klottrup-Rees K, Lovelady C, Ali S, Shepherd S, Muroni M, Lindo V, James DC, Dickman MJ. An automated, low volume, and high-throughput analytical platform for aggregate quantitation from cell culture media. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463809. [PMID: 36731329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
High throughput screening methods have driven a paradigm shift in biopharmaceutical development by reducing the costs of good manufactured (COGM) and accelerate the launch to market of novel drug products. Scale-down cell culture systems such as shaken 24- and 96-deep-well plates (DWPs) are used for initial screening of hundreds of recombinant mammalian clonal cell lines to quickly and efficiently select the best producing strains expressing product quality attributes that fit to industry platform. A common modification monitored from early-stage product development is protein aggregation due to its impact on safety and efficacy. This study aims to integrate high-throughput analysis of aggregation-prone therapeutic proteins with 96-deep well plate screening to rank clones based on the aggregation levels of the expressed proteins. Here we present an automated, small-scale analytical platform workflow combining the purification and subsequent aggregation analysis of protein biopharmaceuticals expressed in 96-DWP cell cultures. Product purification was achieved by small-scale solid-phase extraction using dual flow chromatography (DFC) automated on a robotic liquid handler for the parallel processing of up to 96 samples at a time. At-line coupling of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) using a 2.1 mm ID column enabled the detection of aggregates with sub-2 µg sensitivity and a 3.5 min run time. The entire workflow was designed as an application to aggregation-prone mAbs and "mAb-like" next generation biopharmaceuticals, such as bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Application of the high-throughput analytical workflow to a shake plate overgrow (SPOG) screen, enabled the screening of 384 different clonal cell lines in 32 h, requiring < 2 μg of protein per sample. Aggregation levels expressed by the clones varied between 9 and 76%. This high-throughput analytical workflow allowed for the early elimination of clonal cell lines with high aggregation, demonstrating the advantage of integrating analytical testing for critical quality attributes (CQAs) earlier in product development to drive better decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lambiase
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield, UK; Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerensa Klottrup-Rees
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare Lovelady
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Salma Ali
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Shepherd
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maurizio Muroni
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vivian Lindo
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - David C James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield, UK.
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mieczkowski C, Zhang X, Lee D, Nguyen K, Lv W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Way J, Gries JM. Blueprint for antibody biologics developability. MAbs 2023; 15:2185924. [PMID: 36880643 PMCID: PMC10012935 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2185924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-molecule antibody biologics have revolutionized medicine owing to their superior target specificity, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, safety and toxicity profiles, and amenability to versatile engineering. In this review, we focus on preclinical antibody developability, including its definition, scope, and key activities from hit to lead optimization and selection. This includes generation, computational and in silico approaches, molecular engineering, production, analytical and biophysical characterization, stability and forced degradation studies, and process and formulation assessments. More recently, it is apparent these activities not only affect lead selection and manufacturability, but ultimately correlate with clinical progression and success. Emerging developability workflows and strategies are explored as part of a blueprint for developability success that includes an overview of the four major molecular properties that affect all developability outcomes: 1) conformational, 2) chemical, 3) colloidal, and 4) other interactions. We also examine risk assessment and mitigation strategies that increase the likelihood of success for moving the right candidate into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Mieczkowski
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Xuejin Zhang
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Dana Lee
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Jackie Way
- Department of Protein Sciences, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Gries
- President, Discovery Research, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao K, Lian H, Xue C, Zhou J, Yan X. High-Throughput Counting and Sizing of Therapeutic Protein Aggregates in the Nanometer Size Range by Nano-Flow Cytometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17634-17644. [PMID: 36474427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is one of the greatest challenges in biopharmaceuticals as it could decrease therapeutic efficacy, induce immunogenicity, and reduce shelf life of protein drugs. However, there lacks high-throughput methods than can count and size protein aggregates in the nanometer size range, especially for those smaller than 100 nm. Employing a laboratory-built nano-flow cytometer (nFCM) that enables light scattering detection of single silica nanoparticles as small as 24 nm with sizing resolution and accuracy comparable to those of electron microscopy, here, we report a new benchmark to analyze single protein aggregates as small as 40 nm. With an analysis rate of up to 10,000 particles/min, the size distribution and particle concentration of nanometer protein aggregates can be acquired in 2-3 min. Employing heat-induced aggregation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at high concentrations as the model system, effects of different categories of excipients, including sugars, polyols, salts, and amino acids on the inhibition of protein aggregation were investigated. Strikingly enough, as high as 1010 to 1012 particles/mL of protein aggregates were observed in the size range of 40 to 200 nm for therapeutic proteins of human serum albumin injection, reconstituted recombinant human interieukin-2 solution, and human immunoglobulin injection. nFCM opens a new avenue to count and size nanometer protein aggregates, suggesting its future usability in the quality assessment and formulation promotion of therapeutic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Gao
- Department of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Lian
- Department of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Xue
- Department of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kachhawaha K, Singh S, Joshi K, Nain P, Singh SK. Bioprocessing of recombinant proteins from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies: insights from structure-function relationship for novel applications. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:728-752. [PMID: 36534636 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2155835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of inclusion bodies (IBs) during expression of recombinant therapeutic proteins using E. coli is a significant hurdle in producing high-quality, safe, and efficacious medicines. The improved understanding of the structure-function relationship of the IBs has resulted in the development of novel biotechnologies that have streamlined the isolation, solubilization, refolding, and purification of the active functional proteins from the bacterial IBs. Together, this overall effort promises to radically improve the scope of experimental biology of therapeutic protein production and expand new prospects in IBs usage. Notably, the IBs are increasingly used for applications in more pristine areas such as drug delivery and material sciences. In this review, we intend to provide a comprehensive picture of the bio-processing of bacterial IBs, including assessing critical gaps that still need to be addressed and potential solutions to overcome them. We expect this review to be a useful resource for those working in the area of protein refolding and therapeutic protein production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Kachhawaha
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Santanu Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Khyati Joshi
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Priyanka Nain
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Sumit K Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zappe A, Miller RL, Struwe WB, Pagel K. State-of-the-art glycosaminoglycan characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1040-1071. [PMID: 34608657 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides involved in a range of biological functions. They have a significant influence on the regulation of cellular processes and the development of various diseases and infections. To fully understand the functional roles that GAGs play in mammalian systems, including disease processes, it is essential to understand their structural features. Despite having a linear structure and a repetitive disaccharide backbone, their structural analysis is challenging and requires elaborate preparative and analytical techniques. In particular, the extent to which GAGs are sulfated, as well as variation in sulfate position across the entire oligosaccharide or on individual monosaccharides, represents a major obstacle. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art methodologies used for GAG sample preparation and analysis, discussing in detail liquid chromatograpy and mass spectrometry-based approaches, including advanced ion activation methods, ion mobility separations and infrared action spectroscopy of mass-selected species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zappe
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Al Kader H, Gill H, Truong T. Demineralisation and recovery of whey proteins from commercial full-fat salty Cheddar whey using size-exclusion chromatography. Food Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Waibl F, Fernández-Quintero ML, Wedl FS, Kettenberger H, Georges G, Liedl KR. Comparison of hydrophobicity scales for predicting biophysical properties of antibodies. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:960194. [PMID: 36120542 PMCID: PMC9475378 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.960194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While antibody-based therapeutics have grown to be one of the major classes of novel medicines, some antibody development candidates face significant challenges regarding expression levels, solubility, as well as stability and aggregation, under physiological and storage conditions. A major determinant of those properties is surface hydrophobicity, which promotes unspecific interactions and has repeatedly proven problematic in the development of novel antibody-based drugs. Multiple computational methods have been devised for in-silico prediction of antibody hydrophobicity, often using hydrophobicity scales to assign values to each amino acid. Those approaches are usually validated by their ability to rank potential therapeutic antibodies in terms of their experimental hydrophobicity. However, there is significant diversity both in the hydrophobicity scales and in the experimental methods, and consequently in the performance of in-silico methods to predict experimental results. In this work, we investigate hydrophobicity of monoclonal antibodies using hydrophobicity scales. We implement several scoring schemes based on the solvent-accessibility and the assigned hydrophobicity values, and compare the different scores and scales based on their ability to predict retention times from hydrophobic interaction chromatography. We provide an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of several commonly employed hydrophobicity scales, thereby improving the understanding of hydrophobicity in antibody development. Furthermore, we test several datasets, both publicly available and proprietary, and find that the diversity of the dataset affects the performance of hydrophobicity scores. We expect that this work will provide valuable guidelines for the optimization of biophysical properties in future drug discovery campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Waibl
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Florian S. Wedl
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Kettenberger
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Guy Georges
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Klaus R. Liedl,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grimaldi M, Santoro A, Buonocore M, Crivaro C, Funicello N, Sublimi Saponetti M, Ripoli C, Rodriquez M, De Pasquale S, Bobba F, Ferrazzano L, Cabri W, D’Ursi AM, Ricci A. A New Approach to Supramolecular Structure Determination in Pharmaceutical Preparation of Self-Assembling Peptides: A Case Study of Lanreotide Autogel. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030681. [PMID: 35336055 PMCID: PMC8954372 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The supramolecular structure in peptides’ prolonged-released gel formulations is the most critical parameter for the determination of the pharmaceutical profile of the drug. Here, we report our investigation on lanreotide Autogel as a case study. For the first time, we describe the use of the pulsed field gradient (PFG) diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) magic-angle spinning NMR to characterize the supramolecular self-assembly and molecular mobility of different samples of lanreotide Autogel formulations prepared according to different formulation protocols. The diffusion coefficient was used to calculate the hydrodynamic radii of supramolecular assemblies and build relative molecular models. DOSY data were integrated with NMR imaging (MRI) measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (M.G.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Angelo Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (M.G.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Michela Buonocore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (M.G.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Claudio Crivaro
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy; (C.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Nicola Funicello
- Department of Physics ‘E.R. Caianiello’ of University and Gruppo Collegato INFN, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (N.F.); (C.R.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Matilde Sublimi Saponetti
- Physics Department and Research Centre for Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (M.S.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Cristina Ripoli
- Department of Physics ‘E.R. Caianiello’ of University and Gruppo Collegato INFN, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (N.F.); (C.R.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Manuela Rodriquez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (M.G.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Salvatore De Pasquale
- Department of Physics ‘E.R. Caianiello’ of University and Gruppo Collegato INFN, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (N.F.); (C.R.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Fabrizio Bobba
- Physics Department and Research Centre for Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (M.S.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Lucia Ferrazzano
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Walter Cabri
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy; (C.C.); (A.R.)
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (A.M.D.); Tel.: +39-08996-9748 (A.M.D.)
| | - Anna Maria D’Ursi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (M.G.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (A.M.D.); Tel.: +39-08996-9748 (A.M.D.)
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy; (C.C.); (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Berger S, Berger M, Bantz C, Maskos M, Wagner E. Performance of nanoparticles for biomedical applications: The in vitro/ in vivo discrepancy. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:011303. [PMID: 38505225 PMCID: PMC10903387 DOI: 10.1063/5.0073494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has a great potential to revolutionize the therapeutic landscape. However, up-to-date results obtained from in vitro experiments predict the in vivo performance of nanoparticles weakly or not at all. There is a need for in vitro experiments that better resemble the in vivo reality. As a result, animal experiments can be reduced, and potent in vivo candidates will not be missed. It is important to gain a deeper knowledge about nanoparticle characteristics in physiological environment. In this context, the protein corona plays a crucial role. Its formation process including driving forces, kinetics, and influencing factors has to be explored in more detail. There exist different methods for the investigation of the protein corona and its impact on physico-chemical and biological properties of nanoparticles, which are compiled and critically reflected in this review article. The obtained information about the protein corona can be exploited to optimize nanoparticles for in vivo application. Still the translation from in vitro to in vivo remains challenging. Functional in vitro screening under physiological conditions such as in full serum, in 3D multicellular spheroids/organoids, or under flow conditions is recommended. Innovative in vivo screening using barcoded nanoparticles can simultaneously test more than hundred samples regarding biodistribution and functional delivery within a single mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Berger
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig–Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Bantz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, D-55129 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig–Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Katsikis G, Hwang IE, Wang W, Bhat VS, McIntosh NL, Karim OA, Blus BJ, Sha S, Agache V, Wolfrum JM, Springs SL, Sinskey AJ, Barone PW, Braatz RD, Manalis SR. Weighing the DNA Content of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors with Zeptogram Precision Using Nanomechanical Resonators. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1511-1517. [PMID: 35148107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the composition of viral vectors used in vaccine development and gene therapy is critical for assessing their functionality. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, which are the most widely used viral vectors for in vivo gene therapy, are typically characterized using PCR, ELISA, and analytical ultracentrifugation which require laborious protocols or hours of turnaround time. Emerging methods such as charge-detection mass spectroscopy, static light scattering, and mass photometry offer turnaround times of minutes for measuring AAV mass using optical or charge properties of AAV. Here, we demonstrate an orthogonal method where suspended nanomechanical resonators (SNR) are used to directly measure both AAV mass and aggregation from a few microliters of sample within minutes. We achieve a precision near 10 zeptograms which corresponds to 1% of the genome holding capacity of the AAV capsid. Our results show the potential of our method for providing real-time quality control of viral vectors during biomanufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Katsikis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Iris E Hwang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wade Wang
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949, United States
| | - Vikas S Bhat
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949, United States
| | - Nicole L McIntosh
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949, United States
| | - Omair A Karim
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949, United States
| | - Bartlomiej J Blus
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., San Rafael, California 94901, United States
| | - Sha Sha
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vincent Agache
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacqueline M Wolfrum
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stacy L Springs
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anthony J Sinskey
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul W Barone
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott R Manalis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Borman P, Campa C, Delpierre G, Hook E, Jackson P, Kelley W, Protz M, Vandeputte O. Selection of Analytical Technology and Development of Analytical Procedures Using the Analytical Target Profile. Anal Chem 2021; 94:559-570. [PMID: 34928590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A structured approach to method development can help to ensure an analytical procedure is robust across the lifecycle of its use. The analytical target profile (ATP), which describes the required quality of the reportable value to be produced by the analytical procedure, enables the analytical scientist to select the best analytical technology on which to develop their procedure(s). Once the technology has been identified, screening of potentially fit for purpose analytical procedures should take place. Analytical procedures that have been demonstrated to meet the ATP should be evaluated against business drivers (e.g., operational constraints) to determine the most suitable analytical procedure. Three case studies are covered from across small molecules, vaccines, and biotherapeutics. The case studies cover different aspects of the analytical procedure selection process, such as the use of platform method development processes and procedures, the development of multiattribute analytical procedures, and the use of analytical technologies to provide product characterization knowledge in order to define or redefine the ATP. Challenges associated with method selection are discussed such as where existing pharmacopoeial monographs link acceptance criteria to specific types of analytical technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phil Borman
- Product Development and Supply, GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Cristiana Campa
- Technical Research & Development, Vaccines, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Elliot Hook
- Global Pharma Analytical Science and Technology, Pharma Supply Chain, GSK, Priory Street, Ware, SG12 0DJ, U.K
| | - Patrick Jackson
- Product Development and Supply, GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Wayne Kelley
- Product Development and Supply, GSK, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Michel Protz
- Analytical Research and Development, GSK, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Particles in Biopharmaceutical Formulations, Part 2: An Update on Analytical Techniques and Applications for Therapeutic Proteins, Viruses, Vaccines and Cells. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:933-950. [PMID: 34919969 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Particles in biopharmaceutical formulations remain a hot topic in drug product development. With new product classes emerging it is crucial to discriminate particulate active pharmaceutical ingredients from particulate impurities. Technical improvements, new analytical developments and emerging tools (e.g., machine learning tools) increase the amount of information generated for particles. For a proper interpretation and judgment of the generated data a thorough understanding of the measurement principle, suitable application fields and potential limitations and pitfalls is required. Our review provides a comprehensive overview of novel particle analysis techniques emerging in the last decade for particulate impurities in therapeutic protein formulations (protein-related, excipient-related and primary packaging material-related), as well as particulate biopharmaceutical formulations (virus particles, virus-like particles, lipid nanoparticles and cell-based medicinal products). In addition, we review the literature on applications, describe specific analytical approaches and illustrate advantages and drawbacks of currently available techniques for particulate biopharmaceutical formulations.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Z, Shah B. Limited Proteolysis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Evaluation of a Large Number of Protein Variants for Their Impact on Conformational Stability. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14263-14271. [PMID: 34637272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A stable molecular structure is important in the development of a protein candidate into a therapeutic product. A therapeutic protein often contains many different variants; some of them may have an impact on the conformational stability of the protein. Conventionally, to evaluate the impact of a variant on stability, the variant must be enriched to a reasonable purity, and then its stability characterized by chromatographic or biophysical techniques. However, it is often impractical to purify and characterize each variant in a therapeutic protein. A workflow, based on limited proteolysis followed by MS detection, was established to simultaneously assess the impact of a large number of variants on conformational stability without enrichment. Because a less stable domain is more susceptible to proteolytic degradation, conformational stability of the domain can be reported from the release rate of a proteolytic peptide. A kinetic model is established to quantitatively determine the extent of domain stabilization/destabilization of different variants. The methodology is demonstrated by examining variants known to affect the stability of immunoglobulin domains, such as different N-glycoforms, methionine oxidations, and sequence variants. With this methodology, near 100 variants may be evaluated within 2 days in a single experiment. Insights into the sequence-stability relationship will be obtained by monitoring the large number of low-level sequence variants, facilitating engineering of more stable molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Zhang
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320 United States
| | - Bhavana Shah
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320 United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singh SM, Furman R, Singh RK, Balakrishnan G, Chennamsetty N, Tao L, Li Z. Size exclusion chromatography for the characterization and quality control of biologics. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1979582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M. Singh
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ran Furman
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Singh
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Li Tao
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zhengjian Li
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Berlinck RGS, Crnkovic CM, Gubiani JR, Bernardi DI, Ióca LP, Quintana-Bulla JI. The isolation of water-soluble natural products - challenges, strategies and perspectives. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:596-669. [PMID: 34647117 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Covering period: up to 2019Water-soluble natural products constitute a relevant group of secondary metabolites notably known for presenting potent biological activities. Examples are aminoglycosides, β-lactam antibiotics, saponins of both terrestrial and marine origin, and marine toxins. Although extensively investigated in the past, particularly during the golden age of antibiotics, hydrophilic fractions have been less scrutinized during the last few decades. This review addresses the possible reasons on why water-soluble metabolites are now under investigated and describes approaches and strategies for the isolation of these natural compounds. It presents examples of several classes of hydrosoluble natural products and how they have been isolated. Novel stationary phases and chromatography techniques are also reviewed, providing a perspective towards a renaissance in the investigation of water-soluble natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila M Crnkovic
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Gubiani
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Darlon I Bernardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jairo I Quintana-Bulla
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scaled preparation of extracellular vesicles from conditioned media. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113940. [PMID: 34419502 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) especially of mesenchymal stem/stomal cells (MSCs) are increasingly considered as biotherapeutic agents for a variety of different diseases. For translating them effectively into the clinics, scalable production processes fulfilling good manufacturing practice (GMP) are needed. Like for other biotherapeutic agents, the manufacturing of EV products can be subdivided in the upstream and downstream processing and the subsequent quality control, each of them containing several unit operations. During upstream processing (USP), cells are isolated, stored (cell banking) and expanded; furthermore, EV-containing conditioned media are produced. During downstream processing (DSP), conditioned media (CM) are processed to obtain concentrated and purified EV products. CM are either stored until DSP or are directly processed. As first unit operation in DSP, clarification removes remaining cells, debris and other larger impurities. The key operations of each EV DSP is volume-reduction combined with purification of the concentrated EVs. Most of the EV preparation methods used in conventional research labs including differential centrifugation procedures are limited in their scalability. Consequently, it is a major challenge in the therapeutic EV field to identify appropriate EV concentration and purification methods allowing scale up. As EVs share several features with enveloped viruses, that are used for more than two decades in the clinics now, several principles can be adopted to EV manufacturing. Here, we introduce and discuss volume reducing and purification methods frequently used for viruses and analyze their value for the manufacturing of EV-based therapeutics.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lubomirsky E, Khodabandeh A, Preis J, Susewind M, Hofe T, Hilder EF, Arrua RD. Polymeric stationary phases for size exclusion chromatography: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1151:338244. [PMID: 33608083 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic and natural macromolecules are commonly used in a variety of fields such as plastics, nanomedicine, biotherapeutics, drug delivery and tissue engineering. Characterising macromolecules in terms of their structural parameters (size, molar mass and distribution, architecture) is key to have a better understanding of their structure-property relationships. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a commonly used technique for polymer characterization since it offers access to the determination of the size of a macromolecule, its molar mass and the molar mass distribution. Moreover, detectors that allow the determination of true molar masses, macromolecule's architecture and the composition of copolymers can be coupled to the chromatographic system. Like other chromatographic techniques, the stationary phase is of paramount importance for efficient SEC separations. This review presents the basic principles for the design of stationary phases for SEC as well as synthetic methods currently used in the field. Current status of fully-porous polymeric stationary phases used in SEC is reviewed and their advantages and limitations are also discussed. Finally, the potential of polymer monoliths in SEC is also covered, highlighting the limitations this column technology could address. However, further development in the polymer structure is needed to consider this column technology in the field of macromolecule separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Lubomirsky
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Aminreza Khodabandeh
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Jasmin Preis
- Polymer Standards Service GmbH, In der Dalheimer Wiese 5, Mainz, 55120, Germany
| | - Moritz Susewind
- Polymer Standards Service GmbH, In der Dalheimer Wiese 5, Mainz, 55120, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hofe
- Polymer Standards Service GmbH, In der Dalheimer Wiese 5, Mainz, 55120, Germany
| | - Emily F Hilder
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - R Dario Arrua
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, South Australia, 5095, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gimpel AL, Katsikis G, Sha S, Maloney AJ, Hong MS, Nguyen TNT, Wolfrum J, Springs SL, Sinskey AJ, Manalis SR, Barone PW, Braatz RD. Analytical methods for process and product characterization of recombinant adeno-associated virus-based gene therapies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 20:740-754. [PMID: 33738328 PMCID: PMC7940698 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of upstream and downstream processes for production of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) with consistent quality depends on the ability to rapidly characterize critical quality attributes (CQAs). In the context of rAAV production, the virus titer, capsid content, and aggregation are identified as potential CQAs, affecting the potency, purity, and safety of rAAV-mediated gene therapy products. Analytical methods to measure these attributes commonly suffer from long turnaround times or low throughput for process development, although rapid, high-throughput methods are beginning to be developed and commercialized. These methods are not yet well established in academic or industrial practice, and supportive data are scarce. Here, we review both established and upcoming analytical methods for the quantification of rAAV quality attributes. In assessing each method, we highlight the progress toward rapid, at-line characterization of rAAV. Furthermore, we identify that a key challenge for transitioning from traditional to newer methods is the scarcity of academic and industrial experience with the latter. This literature review serves as a guide for the selection of analytical methods targeting quality attributes for rapid, high-throughput process characterization during process development of rAAV-mediated gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas L Gimpel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Katsikis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sha Sha
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew John Maloney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Moo Sun Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tam N T Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacqueline Wolfrum
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stacy L Springs
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony J Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Manalis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul W Barone
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Screening of novel excipients for freeze-dried protein formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:55-64. [PMID: 33508435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The typical excipients used as bulking agents and lyoprotectants for freeze-drying are usually limited to only a few selected substances, such as sucrose and mannitol. Considering the sheer diversity amongst proteins, it is doubtful that this limited choice should, in every case, provide the best possible option in order to achieve the most stable product. In this work, a screening of 12 proteins with 64 excipients was conducted in order to increase the knowledge space of potential excipients. Three critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the freeze-dried products, namely the solid state, the cake appearance and the protein integrity based on changes in tryptophan fluorescence were investigated by high throughput X-ray powder diffraction, image analysis and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. It was found, that in some cases the excipient had a dominating influence on the CQAs, whilst in other cases the CQAs were primarily protein dependent, or that the CQAs were dependent on the combination of both. In the course of this investigation, a general view of potentially relevant excipients, and their interplay with various proteins, was obtained, thereby furthermore paving the way for the use of novel freeze-drying excipients.
Collapse
|
26
|
Thomas SL, Thacker JB, Schug KA, Maráková K. Sample preparation and fractionation techniques for intact proteins for mass spectrometric analysis. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:211-246. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Texas Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Jonathan B. Thacker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Texas Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Kevin A. Schug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Texas Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Katarína Maráková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Waibl F, Fernández-Quintero ML, Kamenik AS, Kraml J, Hofer F, Kettenberger H, Georges G, Liedl KR. Conformational Ensembles of Antibodies Determine Their Hydrophobicity. Biophys J 2020; 120:143-157. [PMID: 33220303 PMCID: PMC7820740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the development of antibody biotherapeutics is their tendency to aggregate. One root cause for aggregation is exposure of hydrophobic surface regions to the solvent. Many current techniques predict the relative aggregation propensity of antibodies via precalculated scales for the hydrophobicity or aggregation propensity of single amino acids. However, those scales cannot describe the nonadditive effects of a residue’s surrounding on its hydrophobicity. Therefore, they are inherently limited in their ability to describe the impact of subtle differences in molecular structure on the overall hydrophobicity. Here, we introduce a physics-based approach to describe hydrophobicity in terms of the hydration free energy using grid inhomogeneous solvation theory (GIST). We apply this method to assess the effects of starting structures, conformational sampling, and protonation states on the hydrophobicity of antibodies. Our results reveal that high-quality starting structures, i.e., crystal structures, are crucial for the prediction of hydrophobicity and that conformational sampling can compensate errors introduced by the starting structure. On the other hand, sampling of protonation states only leads to good results when combined with high-quality structures, whereas it can even be detrimental otherwise. We conclude by pointing out that a single static homology model may not be adequate for predicting hydrophobicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Waibl
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monica L Fernández-Quintero
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna S Kamenik
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Kraml
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Hofer
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Kettenberger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Guy Georges
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
De Vos J, Baron GV, Wirth MJ, Terryn H, Kaal ER, Eeltink S. Evaluation of particle and bed integrity of aqueous size-exclusion columns packed with sub-2 µm particles operated at high pressure. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461064. [PMID: 32336499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The performance of columns packed with 1.7 µm particles for aqueous size-exclusion chromatography was assessed at high-pressure conditions and linked to particle- and column-bed integrity. Decreasing the particle size from 3.5 µm to 1.7 µm increases the resolution due to the improved mass-transfer characteristics, allowing to significantly speed-up analysis without compromising the selectivity. A sub-minute separation of intact proteins was realized on a 4.6 mm i.d × 75 mm long column packed with 1.7 µm SEC particles applying a flow rate of 1.8 mL/min, corresponding to a column pressure of 530 bar. Ultra-high pressure operation (exceeding manufacturer's recommendations) resulted in peak deformation, a shift towards earlier retention times, and an alteration in selectivity. To gain insights in the mechanisms of column deterioration, short 30 mm long columns were operated at UHPLC conditions, maximizing the pressure drop over individual particles. This resulted in the presence of fractured particles situated at the column outlet, as verified by scanning electron micrographs. Mercury-intrusion porosimetry and argon-adsorption measurements did not reveal significant differences in intraparticle volume between particle batches sampled before and after pressure stress testing. As particles at the column outlet fracture (but not collapse) at high pressure operation, a void was formed at the column inlet. The degradation of the separation performance appeared to be the result of a decrease in interparticle pore volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelle De Vos
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gino V Baron
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mary J Wirth
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, Purdue, United States
| | - Herman Terryn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Materials and Chemistry, Research group of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erwin R Kaal
- DSM Biotechnology Center, part of DSM Food specialties b.v., Delft, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ventouri IK, Malheiro DBA, Voeten RLC, Kok S, Honing M, Somsen GW, Haselberg R. Probing Protein Denaturation during Size-Exclusion Chromatography Using Native Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4292-4300. [PMID: 32107919 PMCID: PMC7081181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Size-exclusion chromatography
employing aqueous mobile phases with
volatile salts at neutral pH combined with electrospray-ionization
mass spectrometry (SEC-ESI-MS) is a useful tool to study proteins
in their native state. However, whether the applied eluent conditions
actually prevent protein–stationary phase interactions, and/or
protein denaturation, often is not assessed. In this study, the effects
of volatile mobile phase additives on SEC retention and ESI of proteins
were thoroughly investigated. Myoglobin was used as the main model
protein, and eluents of varying ionic strength and pH were applied.
The degree of interaction between protein and stationary phase was
evaluated by calculating the SEC distribution coefficient. Protein-ion
charge state distributions obtained during offline and online native
ESI-MS were used to monitor alterations in protein structure. Interestingly,
most of the supposedly mild eluent compositions induced nonideal SEC
behavior and/or protein unfolding. SEC experiments revealed that the
nature, ionic strength, and pH of the eluent affected protein retention.
Protein–stationary phase interactions were effectively avoided
using ammonium acetate at ionic strengths above 0.1 M. Direct-infusion
ESI-MS showed that the tested volatile eluent salts seem to follow
the Hofmeister series: no denaturation was induced using ammonium
acetate (kosmotropic), whereas ammonium formate and bicarbonate (both
chaotropic) caused structural changes. Using a mobile phase of 0.2
M ammonium acetate (pH 6.9), several proteins (i.e., myoglobin, carbonic
anhydrase, and cytochrome c) could be analyzed by SEC-ESI-MS using
different column chemistries without compromising their native state.
Overall, with SEC-ESI-MS, the effect of nonspecific interactions between
protein and stationary phase on the protein structure can be studied,
even revealing gradual structural differences along a peak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iro K Ventouri
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Analytical Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94720, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel B A Malheiro
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert L C Voeten
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kok
- DSM Materials Science Center, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Honing
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,DSM Materials Science Center, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Temporini C, Colombo R, Calleri E, Tengattini S, Rinaldi F, Massolini G. Chromatographic tools for plant-derived recombinant antibodies purification and characterization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 179:112920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
31
|
Abstract
Background:
Biopharmaceuticals are biological drugs consisting of a complex compound
that can be produced by a living organism or derive from it. Biopharmaceuticals are very complicated
compounds from structural point of view and for this reason, they cannot be fully characterized in
terms of their structure with current analytical methods as it happens instead of low molecular weight
chemicals drugs.
Introduction:
The regulatory guidelines require the characterization of the primary or higher sequence
of these molecules and the characterization of any post-translational modifications. The use
of biopharmaceuticals has really grown in the last few years: in 2016, the number of biopharmaceuticals
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA)
for use in humans’ diseases was 1357. From 2013 to 2016, 73 of these compounds were approved for
the treatment of cancer, inflammation, immune disorders, infections, anemia and cardiovascular diseases.
Aim/Conclusion:
The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of recent approaches for
the characterization of biopharmaceutical products in HPLC that have been presented in the literature
in the last years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tartaglia
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tripathi NK, Shrivastava A. Recent Developments in Bioprocessing of Recombinant Proteins: Expression Hosts and Process Development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:420. [PMID: 31921823 PMCID: PMC6932962 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, along with cancers, are among the main causes of death among humans worldwide. The production of therapeutic proteins for treating diseases at large scale for millions of individuals is one of the essential needs of mankind. Recent progress in the area of recombinant DNA technologies has paved the way to producing recombinant proteins that can be used as therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostic reagents. Recombinant proteins for these applications are mainly produced using prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression host systems such as mammalian cells, bacteria, yeast, insect cells, and transgenic plants at laboratory scale as well as in large-scale settings. The development of efficient bioprocessing strategies is crucial for industrial production of recombinant proteins of therapeutic and prophylactic importance. Recently, advances have been made in the various areas of bioprocessing and are being utilized to develop effective processes for producing recombinant proteins. These include the use of high-throughput devices for effective bioprocess optimization and of disposable systems, continuous upstream processing, continuous chromatography, integrated continuous bioprocessing, Quality by Design, and process analytical technologies to achieve quality product with higher yield. This review summarizes recent developments in the bioprocessing of recombinant proteins, including in various expression systems, bioprocess development, and the upstream and downstream processing of recombinant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh K. Tripathi
- Bioprocess Scale Up Facility, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Ambuj Shrivastava
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kristoffersen KA, Liland KH, Böcker U, Wubshet SG, Lindberg D, Horn SJ, Afseth NK. FTIR-based hierarchical modeling for prediction of average molecular weights of protein hydrolysates. Talanta 2019; 205:120084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
34
|
Advanced nanomedicine characterization by DLS and AF4-UV-MALS: Application to a HIV nanovaccine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:113017. [PMID: 31816470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanoformulations are complex systems where physicochemical properties determine their therapeutic efficacy and safety. In the case of nanovaccines, particle size and shape play a crucial role on the immune response generated. Furthermore, the antigen's integrity is also a key aspect to control when producing a nanovaccine. The determination of all those physicochemical properties is still an analytical challenge and the lack of well-established methods hinders the access of new therapeutics to the market. In this work, robust methods for the characterization of a novel HIV nanoparticle-based vaccine produced in good manufacturing practice (GMPs)-like environment were developed. With slightly polydisperse particles (< 0.2) close to 180 nm of size, batch-mode Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was validated to be used as a quality control technique in the pilot production plant. In addition, a high size resolution method using Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation (AF4) demonstrated its ability to determine not only size and size distribution but also shape modification across the size and accurate quantification of the free active ingredient. Results showed a monomodal distribution of particles from 60 to 700 nm, most of them (> 90%) with size lower than 250 nm, consistent with more traditional techniques, and revealed a slight change in the structure of the particles induced by the presence of the antigen. Finally, a batch to batch variability lower than 20% was obtained by both DLS and AF4 methods indicating that preparation method was highly reproducible.
Collapse
|
35
|
Weber C, Morsbach S, Landfester K. Possibilities and Limitations of Different Separation Techniques for the Analysis of the Protein Corona. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12787-12794. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Weber C, Morsbach S, Landfester K. Möglichkeiten und Limitierungen verschiedener Trenntechniken zur Analyse der Proteinkorona. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Weber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Guerra A, von Stosch M, Glassey J. Toward biotherapeutic product real-time quality monitoring. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:289-305. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1524362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Guerra
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz von Stosch
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jarka Glassey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kondylis P, Schlicksup CJ, Zlotnick A, Jacobson SC. Analytical Techniques to Characterize the Structure, Properties, and Assembly of Virus Capsids. Anal Chem 2019; 91:622-636. [PMID: 30383361 PMCID: PMC6472978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kondylis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Christopher J. Schlicksup
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Adam Zlotnick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Stephen C. Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tengattini S. Chromatographic Approaches for Purification and Analytical Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles: Recent Advancements. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
40
|
Humer D, Spadiut O. Wanted: more monitoring and control during inclusion body processing. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:158. [PMID: 30341583 PMCID: PMC6208753 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion bodies (IBs) are insoluble aggregates of misfolded protein in Escherichia coli. Against the outdated belief that the production of IBs should be avoided during recombinant protein production, quite a number of recombinant products are currently produced as IBs, which are then processed to give correctly folded and soluble product. However, this processing is quite cumbersome comprising IB wash, IB solubilization and refolding. To date, IB processing often happens rather uncontrolled and relies on empiricism rather than sound process understanding. In this mini review we describe current efforts to introduce more monitoring and control in IB processes, focusing on the refolding step, and thus generate process understanding and knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Humer
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rinaldi F, Tengattini S, Piubelli L, Bernardini R, Mangione F, Bavaro T, Paone G, Mattei M, Pollegioni L, Filice G, Temporini C, Terreni M. Rational design, preparation and characterization of recombinant Ag85B variants and their glycoconjugates with T-cell antigenic activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23171-23180. [PMID: 35540174 PMCID: PMC9081591 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03535k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the deadliest infectious disease in the world. The variable efficacy of the current treatments highlights the need for more effective agents against this disease. In the past few years, we focused on the investigation of antigenic glycoconjugates starting from recombinant Ag85B (rAg85B), a potent protein antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this paper, structural modifications were rationally designed in order to obtain a rAg85B variant protein able to maintain its immunogenicity after glycosylation. Lysine residues involved in the main T-epitope sequences (namely, K30 and K282) have been substituted with arginine to prevent their glycosylation by a lysine-specific reactive linker. The effectiveness of the mutation strategy and the detailed structure of resulting neo-glycoconjugates have been studied by intact mass spectrometry, followed by peptide and glycopeptide mapping. The effect of K30R and K282R mutations on the T-cell activity of rAg85B has also been investigated with a preliminary immunological evaluation performed by enzyme-linked immunospotting on the different variant proteins and their glycosylation products. After glycosylation, the two variant proteins with an arginine in position 30 completely retain the original T-cell activity, thus representing adequate antigenic carriers for the development of efficient glycoconjugate vaccines against tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy +39-0382-422975 +39-0382-987788 ext. 7368
| | - Sara Tengattini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy +39-0382-422975 +39-0382-987788 ext. 7368
| | - Luciano Piubelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria Via Dunant 3 21100 Varese Italy
- The Protein Factory Research Centre, Politecnico of Milan and University of Insubria Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Department of Biology and Animal Technology Station, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Mangione
- IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation Microbiology and Virology Unit Viale Camillo Golgi 19 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy +39-0382-422975 +39-0382-987788 ext. 7368
| | - Gregorino Paone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Department of Biology and Animal Technology Station, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria Via Dunant 3 21100 Varese Italy
- The Protein Factory Research Centre, Politecnico of Milan and University of Insubria Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Gaetano Filice
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation Viale Camillo Golgi 19 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Caterina Temporini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy +39-0382-422975 +39-0382-987788 ext. 7368
| | - Marco Terreni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy +39-0382-422975 +39-0382-987788 ext. 7368
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Guidelines to reach high-quality purified recombinant proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:81-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|