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Yang Y, Ahmed W, Wang G, Ye C, Li S, Zhao M, Zhang J, Wang J, Salmen SH, Wu L, Zhao Z. Transcriptome profiling reveals the impact of various levels of biochar application on the growth of flue-cured tobacco plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:655. [PMID: 38987695 PMCID: PMC11234667 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biochar, a carbon-rich source and natural growth stimulant, is usually produced by the pyrolysis of agricultural biomass. It is widely used to enhance plant growth, enzyme activity, and crop productivity. However, there are no conclusive studies on how different levels of biochar application influence these systems. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study elucidated the dose-dependent effects of biochar application on the physiological performance, enzyme activity, and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants via field experiments. In addition, transcriptome analysis was performed on 60-day-old (early growth stage) and 100-day-old (late growth stage) tobacco leaves to determine the changes in transcript levels at the molecular level under various biochar application levels (0, 600, and 1800 kg/ha). The results demonstrated that optimum biochar application enhances plant growth, regulates enzymatic activity, and promotes biomass accumulation in tobacco plants, while higher biochar doses had adverse effects. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 6561 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were up- or down-regulated in the groupwise comparison under different treatments. KEGG pathways analysis demonstrated that carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (ko00710), photosynthesis (ko00195), and starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500) pathways were significantly up-regulated under the optimal biochar dosage (600 kg/ha) and down-regulated under the higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha). CONCLUSION Collectively, these results indicate that biochar application at an optimal rate (600 kg/ha) could positively affect photosynthesis and carbon fixation, which in turn increased the synthesis and accumulation of sucrose and starch, thus promoting the growth and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants. However, a higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha) disturbs the crucial source-sink balance of organic compounds and inhibits the growth of tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Yang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
| | - Chenghu Ye
- Yunnan Revert Medical and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, 65021, China
| | - Shichen Li
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Meiwei Zhao
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lianzhang Wu
- Nujiang Green Spice Industry Research Institute, Lushui, Yunnan, 673200, China
| | - Zhengxiong Zhao
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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Ullah I, Ullah S, Amin F, Al-Hawadi JS, Okla MK, Alaraidh IA, AbdElgawad H, Liu K, Harrison MT, Saud S, Hassan S, Nawaz T, Zhu M, Liu H, Fahad S. Germination responses of Lens Culiunaris L. seeds to osmotic potentials at cardinal temperatures using hydrothermal time model. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:502. [PMID: 38840053 PMCID: PMC11151646 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentil is a significant legume that are consumed as a staple food and have a significant economic impact around the world. The purpose of the present research on lentil was to assess the hydrothermal time model's capacity to explain the dynamics of Lens culinaris L. var. Markaz-09 seed germination, as well as to ascertain the germination responses at various sub-optimal temperatures (T) and water potentials (Ψ). In order to study lentil seed germination (SG) behavior at variable water potentials (Ψs) and temperatures (Ts). A lab experiment employing the hydrothermal time model was created. Seeds were germinated at six distinct temperatures: 15 0С, 20 0С, 25 0С, 30 0С, 35 0С, and 40 0С, with five Ψs of 0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, and - 1.2 MPa in a PEG-6000 (Polyethylene glycol 6000) solution. RESULTS The results indicated that the agronomic parameters like Germination index (GI), Germination energy (GE), Timson germination index (TGI), were maximum in 25 0C at (-0.9 MPa) and lowest at 40 0C in 0 MPa. On other hand, mean germination time (MGT) value was highest at 15 0C in -1.2 MPa and minimum at 40 0C in (-0.6 MPa) while Mean germination rate (MGR) was maximum at 40 0C in (0 MPa) and minimum at 15 0C in (-0.6 MPa). CONCLUSIONS The HTT model eventually defined the germination response of Lens culinaris L. var. Markaz-09 (Lentil) for all Ts and Ψs, allowing it to be employed as a predictive tool in Lens culinaris L. var. Markaz-09 (Lentil) seed germination simulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Amin
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammad K Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alaraidh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Ke Liu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Shah Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Extension Education & Communication, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| | - Mo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P.R. China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P.R. China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Xinxiang, 453000, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Nafees M, Ullah S, Ahmed I. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biochar as bioeffectors and bioalleviators of drought stress in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:653-666. [PMID: 37940775 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stressors, including drought stress, that are fatal to their growth and ability to produce under natural conditions. Therefore, the present study was intended to investigate the drought tolerance potential of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants under the co-application of biochar and rhizobacteria, Cellulomonas pakistanensis (National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP)11) and Sphingobacterium pakistanensis (NCCP246). The experiment was initiated by sowing the inoculated seeds with the aforementioned rhizobacterial strains in earthen pots filled with 3 kg of sand-mixed soil and 5% biochar. The morphology of biochar was observed with highly porous nature, along with the detection of various essential elements. The biochemical and physiological data showed that phenolic compounds and osmolytes were adversely affected by the induction of drought stress. However, the application of biochar and rhizobacteria boosted the level of flavonoids on average by 52.03%, total phenols by 50.67%, soluble sugar by 82.85%, proline by 76.81%, glycine betaine by 107.25%, and total protein contents by 89.18% in all co-treatments of biochar and rhizobacteria. In addition, stress indicator compounds, including malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and H2O2, were remarkably alleviated by 54.21% and 47.03%, respectively. Similarly, the amplitude of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase was also enhanced by 63.80%, 80.95%, 37.87%, and 58.20%, respectively, in all co-treatments of rhizobacteria and biochar. Conclusively, biochar and rhizobacteria have a magnificent role in enhancing the drought tolerance potential of crop plants by boosting the physio-biochemical traits and enhancing the level of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nafees
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK-25120, Pakistan.
| | - Sami Ullah
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK-25120, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), Land Resources Research Institute (LRRI), National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan
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Ahmad A, Aslam Z, Abbas RN, Bellitürk K, Hussain S, Hussain S, Ahmad M, Zulfiqar U, Moussa IM, Elshikh MS. Enhancing Wheat Crop Resilience to Drought Stress through Cellulolytic Microbe-Enriched Cow Dung Vermicompost. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2123-2133. [PMID: 38250403 PMCID: PMC10795136 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat, an important cereal crop, is commonly cultivated in arid and semiarid areas, and therefore, it often experiences water deficit conditions. The consequences of induced stress on wheat can be mitigated through vermicompost amendments. To address drought stress on wheat seedlings, a pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house in which two contrasting wheat cultivars, Faisalabad-08 (drought-tolerant) and Galaxy-13 (drought-sensitive), were exposed to three water level conditions: well-watered [D0, 70% of field capacity (FC)], moderate drought (D1, 45% FC), and severe drought (D2, 30% FC). Four rates of vermicompost, derived from cow dung enriched with cellulolytic microbes, were applied (VT0, control; VT1, 4 t ha-1; VT2, 6 t ha-1; and VT3, 8 t ha-1) to the experiment. Data on various physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic antioxidants were recorded. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the drought treatments significantly reduced nutrient accumulation, chlorophyll and SPAD values, and carotenoid content in both cultivars where the maximum reduction was recorded for severe drought stress. Nonetheless, the application of vermicompost significantly improved these traits, and statistically maximum chlorophyll contents, SPAD value, and total carotenoid contents were observed for VT1 in both cultivars under drought treatments. While the lowest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were recorded for untreated replicated pots. Among the cultivars, Faisalabad-08 exhibited greater resistance to drought, as evidenced by higher values of the aforementioned traits compared to Galaxy-13. Soil-applied vermicompost also showed a positive influence on antioxidant enzyme activities in both wheat cultivars grown under well-watered as well as water-scarce conditions. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study revealed that drought conditions substantially decreased the enzymatic antioxidants and physiological and biochemical attributes of the wheat crop. However, soil-applied vermicompost, particularly at an optimum rate, had a positive impact on the wheat seedlings under drought conditions. Moving forward, exploring the potential of utilizing cellulolytic microbe-enriched cow dung vermicompost stands as a promising avenue to mitigate the detrimental effects of water stress on wheat. Further research in this direction could offer substantial insights into enhancing wheat resilience and productivity under water stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmad
- Department
of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Aslam
- Department
of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Nadeem Abbas
- Department
of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Korkmaz Bellitürk
- Department
of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Süleymanpaşa, Tekirdağ 59030, Turkey
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department
of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadam Hussain
- College
of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department
of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department
of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ihab Mohamed Moussa
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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