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Karachanak-Yankova S, Serbezov D, Antov G, Stancheva M, Mihaylova M, Hadjidekova S, Toncheva D, Pashov A, Belejanska D, Zhelev Y, Petrova M, Mehrabian S, Traykov L. Rare Pathogenic Variants in Pooled Whole-Exome Sequencing Data Suggest Hyperammonemia as a Possible Cause of Dementia Not Classified as Alzheimer's Disease or Frontotemporal Dementia. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:753. [PMID: 38927689 PMCID: PMC11202446 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic bases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been comprehensively studied, which is not the case for atypical cases not classified into these diagnoses. In the present study, we aim to contribute to the molecular understanding of the development of non-AD and non-FTD dementia due to hyperammonemia caused by mutations in urea cycle genes. The analysis was performed by pooled whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 90 patients and by searching for rare pathogenic variants in autosomal genes for enzymes or transporters of the urea cycle pathway. The survey returned two rare pathogenic coding mutations leading to citrullinemia type I: rs148918985, p.Arg265Cys, C>T; and rs121908641, p.Gly390Arg, G>A in the argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) gene. The p.Arg265Cys variant leads to enzyme deficiency, whereas p.Gly390Arg renders the enzyme inactive. These variants found in simple or compound heterozygosity can lead to the late-onset form of citrullinemia type I, associated with high ammonia levels, which can lead to cerebral dysfunction and thus to the development of dementia. The presence of urea cycle disorder-causing mutations can be used for the early initiation of antihyperammonemia therapy in order to prevent the neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Karachanak-Yankova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (D.T.)
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Dimitar Serbezov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (D.T.)
| | - Georgi Antov
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Mikaela Stancheva
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Marta Mihaylova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (D.T.)
| | - Savina Hadjidekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (D.T.)
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.S.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (D.T.)
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anastas Pashov
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Diyana Belejanska
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Yavor Zhelev
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Mariya Petrova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Shima Mehrabian
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Latchezar Traykov
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.B.); (Y.Z.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (L.T.)
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Soares Dias Portela A, Saxena V, Rosenn E, Wang SH, Masieri S, Palmieri J, Pasinetti GM. Role of Artificial Intelligence in Multinomial Decisions and Preventative Nutrition in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2300605. [PMID: 38175857 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects 50 million people worldwide, an increase of 35 million since 2015, and it is known for memory loss and cognitive decline. Considering the morbidity associated with AD, it is important to explore lifestyle elements influencing the chances of developing AD, with special emphasis on nutritional aspects. This review will first discuss how dietary factors have an impact in AD development and the possible role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in preventative care of AD patients through nutrition. The Mediterranean-DASH diets provide individuals with many nutrient benefits which assists the prevention of neurodegeneration by having neuroprotective roles. Lack of micronutrients, protein-energy, and polyunsaturated fatty acids increase the chance of cognitive decline, loss of memory, and synaptic dysfunction among others. ML software has the ability to design models of algorithms from data introduced to present practical solutions that are accessible and easy to use. It can give predictions for a precise medicine approach to evaluate individuals as a whole. There is no doubt the future of nutritional science lies on customizing diets for individuals to reduce dementia risk factors, maintain overall health and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vrinda Saxena
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Eric Rosenn
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Shu-Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Sibilla Masieri
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Joshua Palmieri
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10019, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
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3
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Khaled M, Al-Jamal H, Tajer L, El-Mir R. Alzheimer's Disease in Lebanon: Exploring Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors-A Comprehensive Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:21-40. [PMID: 38640157 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that displays a high prevalence in Lebanon causing a local burden in healthcare and socio-economic sectors. Unfortunately, the lack of prevalence studies and clinical trials in Lebanon minimizes the improvement of AD patient health status. In this review, we include over 155 articles to cover the different aspects of AD ranging from mechanisms to possible treatment and management tools. We highlight some important modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of the disease including genetics, age, cardiovascular diseases, smoking, etc. Finally, we propose a hypothetical genetic synergy model between APOE4 and TREM2 genes which constitutes a potential early diagnostic tool that helps in reducing the risk of AD based on preventative measures decades before cognitive decline. The studies on AD in Lebanon and the Middle East are scarce. This review points out the importance of genetic mapping in the understanding of disease pathology which is crucial for the emergence of novel diagnostic tools. Hence, we establish a rigid basis for further research to identify the most influential genetic and environmental risk factors for the purpose of using more specific diagnostic tools and possibly adopting a local management protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadi Al-Jamal
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Layla Tajer
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Reem El-Mir
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
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Anderson C, Bucholc M, McClean PL, Zhang SD. The Potential of a Stratified Approach to Drug Repurposing in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 38275752 PMCID: PMC10813465 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by the build-up of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. While multiple theories explaining the aetiology of the disease have been suggested, the underlying cause of the disease is still unknown. Despite this, several modifiable and non-modifiable factors that increase the risk of developing AD have been identified. To date, only eight AD drugs have ever gained regulatory approval, including six symptomatic and two disease-modifying drugs. However, not all are available in all countries and high costs associated with new disease-modifying biologics prevent large proportions of the patient population from accessing them. With the current patient population expected to triple by 2050, it is imperative that new, effective, and affordable drugs become available to patients. Traditional drug development strategies have a 99% failure rate in AD, which is far higher than in other disease areas. Even when a drug does reach the market, additional barriers such as high cost and lack of accessibility prevent patients from benefiting from them. In this review, we discuss how a stratified medicine drug repurposing approach may address some of the limitations and barriers that traditional strategies face in relation to drug development in AD. We believe that novel, stratified drug repurposing studies may expedite the discovery of alternative, effective, and more affordable treatment options for a rapidly expanding patient population in comparison with traditional drug development methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Anderson
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK;
| | - Magda Bucholc
- School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Magee Campus, Ulster University, Northland Road, Derry/Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK
| | - Paula L. McClean
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK;
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK;
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Yadav VK, Choudhary N, Gacem A, Verma RK, Abul Hasan M, Tarique Imam M, Almalki ZS, Yadav KK, Park HK, Ghosh T, Kumar P, Patel A, Kalasariya H, Jeon BH, Ali AlMubarak H. Deeper insight into ferroptosis: association with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, and brain tumors and their possible treatment by nanomaterials induced ferroptosis. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2269331. [PMID: 38010378 PMCID: PMC11001282 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2269331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an emerging and novel type of iron-dependent programmed cell death which is mainly caused by the excessive deposition of free intracellular iron in the brain cells. This deposited free iron exerts a ferroptosis pathway, resulting in lipid peroxidation (LiPr). There are mainly three ferroptosis pathways viz. iron metabolism-mediated cysteine/glutamate, and LiPr-mediated. Iron is required by the brain as a redox metal for several physiological activities. Due to the iron homeostasis balance disruption, the brain gets adversely affected which further causes neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, strokes, and brain tumors like glioblastoma (GBS), and glioma. Nanotechnology has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of these NDDs. A synergistic effect of nanomaterials and ferroptosis could prove to be an effective and efficient approach in the field of nanomedicine. In the current review, the authors have highlighted all the latest research in the field of ferroptosis, specifically emphasizing on the role of major molecular key players and various mechanisms involved in the ferroptosis pathway. Moreover, here the authors have also addressed the correlation of ferroptosis with the pathophysiology of NDDs and theragnostic effect of ferroptosis and nanomaterials for the prevention and treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Nisha Choudhary
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Rakesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, India
| | - Mohd Abul Hasan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Saeed Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tathagata Ghosh
- Department of Arts, School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Haresh Kalasariya
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hassan Ali AlMubarak
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Helderman NC, Terlouw D, Bonjoch L, Golubicki M, Antelo M, Morreau H, van Wezel T, Castellví-Bel S, Goldberg Y, Nielsen M. Molecular functions of MCM8 and MCM9 and their associated pathologies. iScience 2023; 26:106737. [PMID: 37378315 PMCID: PMC10291252 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome Maintenance 8 Homologous Recombination Repair Factor (MCM8) and Minichromosome Maintenance 9 Homologous Recombination Repair Factor (MCM9) are recently discovered minichromosome maintenance proteins and are implicated in multiple DNA-related processes and pathologies, including DNA replication (initiation), meiosis, homologous recombination and mismatch repair. Consistent with these molecular functions, variants of MCM8/MCM9 may predispose carriers to disorders such as infertility and cancer and should therefore be included in relevant diagnostic testing. In this overview of the (patho)physiological functions of MCM8 and MCM9 and the phenotype of MCM8/MCM9 variant carriers, we explore the potential clinical implications of MCM8/MCM9 variant carriership and highlight important future directions of MCM8 and MCM9 research. With this review, we hope to contribute to better MCM8/MCM9 variant carrier management and the potential utilization of MCM8 and MCM9 in other facets of scientific research and medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diantha Terlouw
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Golubicki
- Oncology Section and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital of Gastroenterology "Dr. C.B. Udaondo", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Antelo
- Oncology Section and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital of Gastroenterology "Dr. C.B. Udaondo", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Li L, Yu X, Sheng C, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Han Y, Jiang J. A review of brain imaging biomarker genomics in Alzheimer’s disease: implementation and perspectives. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:42. [PMID: 36109823 PMCID: PMC9476275 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with phenotypic changes closely associated with both genetic variants and imaging pathology. Brain imaging biomarker genomics has been developed in recent years to reveal potential AD pathological mechanisms and provide early diagnoses. This technique integrates multimodal imaging phenotypes with genetic data in a noninvasive and high-throughput manner. In this review, we summarize the basic analytical framework of brain imaging biomarker genomics and elucidate two main implementation scenarios of this technique in AD studies: (1) exploring novel biomarkers and seeking mutual interpretability and (2) providing a diagnosis and prognosis for AD with combined use of machine learning methods and brain imaging biomarker genomics. Importantly, we highlight the necessity of brain imaging biomarker genomics, discuss the strengths and limitations of current methods, and propose directions for development of this research field.
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Adji AS, Widjaja JS, Wardani VAK, Muhammad AH, Handajani F, Putra HBP, Rahman FS. A Review of CRISPR Cas9 for Alzheimer’s Disease: Treatment Strategies and Could target APOE e4, APP, and PSEN-1 Gene using CRISPR cas9 Prevent the Patient from Alzheimer’s Disease? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A Review of CRISPR Cas9 for Alzheimer’s Disease: Treatment Strategies and Could target APOE e4, APP, and PSEN-1 Gene using CRISPR cas9 Prevent the Patient from Alzheimer’s Disease?
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the formation of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles from hyperphosphorylated tau. Several studies suggest that targeting the deletion of the APOE e4, PSEN-1, and APP will reduce tau phosphorylation and Aβ protein accumulation, a crucial hypothesis for the causation of Alzheimer’s disease. APOE e4, PSEN-1, and APP with genome editing Clustered Regular interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-related (CRISPR/Cas9) are thought to have therapeutic promise for Alzheimer’s disease.AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine whether targeting APOE e4, PSEN-1, and APP using CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective therapeutic and whether it has a long-term effect on Alzheimer’s disease.METHODS: The method used in this study summarized articles by examining the titles and abstracts of specific specified keywords. In this situation, the author picked the title and abstract that matched PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane, and the Frontiers in Neuroscience; this was followed by checking to see whether the paper was available in full-text. Eventually, the researcher will study the entire article to decide if it is valuable and relevant to the issue.RESULTS: CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of APOE e4, PSEN-1, and APP in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC’s) and g2576 mice as APP mutant models reduce tau phosphorylation and Aβ protein accumulation from neurofibrillary tangles and prevent cell death, vascular damage, and dementia. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 deletion in APOE e4, PSEN-1, and APP improved neuronal cell resilience to oxidative stress and inflammation.CONCLUSION: APOE e4, PSEN-1, and APP deletion by genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 is effective to reduce tau phosphorylation and Aβ protein accumulation from neurofibrillary tangles, cell death, vascular damage, and dementia. However, further research is needed to determine the side effects and safety of its use.
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Chopra H, Bibi S, Singh I, Kamal MA, Islam F, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Cavalu S. Nanomedicines in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current View and Future Prospects. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:879114. [PMID: 35875806 PMCID: PMC9304964 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.879114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a kind of dementia that creates serious challenges for sufferers’ memory, thinking, and behavior. It commonly targeting the aging population and decay the brain cells, despite attempts have been performed to enhance AD diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Hence, AD remains incurable owing to its complex and multifactorial consequences and still there is lack of appropriate diagnostics/therapeutics option for this severe brain disorder. Therefore, nanotechnology is currently bringing new tools and insights to improve the previous knowledge of AD and ultimately may provide a novel treatment option and a ray of hope to AD patients. Here in this review, we highlighted the nanotechnologies-based findings for AD, in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and explained how advances in the field of nanotechnology/nanomedicine could enhance patient prognosis and quality of life. It is highly expected these emerging technologies could bring a research-based revolution in the field of neurodegenerative disorders and may assist their clinical experiments and develop an efficacious drug for AD also. The main aim of review is to showcase readers the recent advances in nanotechnology-based approaches for treatment and diagnosing of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Shabana Bibi,
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Talha Bin Emran,
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Simona Cavalu,
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Stahr N, Galkina EV. Immune Response at the Crossroads of Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:870144. [PMID: 35872901 PMCID: PMC9298512 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.870144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are pathologies that are characterized by common signatures of vascular dysfunction and chronic inflammation that are accelerated with aging. Importantly, epidemiological studies report an independent interaction between AD and CVD and data suggest that chronic inflammation in CVD may accelerate AD development. Atherosclerosis affects most large to medium sized arteries including those supplying the cerebral circulation. Vascular dysfunction caused by atherosclerosis results in blood brain barrier breakdown, inflammation, an impaired clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ), and finally ends with neurovascular dysfunction. Numerous data indicate that innate and adaptive immune responses shape atherogenesis and increasing evidence suggests an implication of the immune response in AD progression. Currently, mechanisms by which these two diseases are interconnected with each other are not well-defined. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the intertwined role of the immune response in atherosclerosis and AD and the implications of these findings for human health.
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Vegas-Suárez S, Simón J, Martínez-Chantar ML, Moratalla R. Metabolic Diffusion in Neuropathologies: The Relevance of Brain-Liver Axis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:864263. [PMID: 35634148 PMCID: PMC9134112 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.864263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases include a broad group of hepatic disorders from different etiologies and with varying degrees of progression and severity. Among them, non-alcoholic fatty (NAFLD) and alcoholic (ALD) liver diseases are the most frequent forms of expression, caused by either metabolic alterations or chronic alcohol consumption. The liver is the main regulator of energy homeostasis and metabolism of potentially toxic compounds in the organism, thus hepatic disorders often promote the release of harmful substances. In this context, there is an existing interconnection between liver and brain, with the well-named brain-liver axis, in which liver pathologies lead to the promotion of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases are the most relevant neurological disorders worldwide. The present work highlights the relevance of the liver-related promotion of these disorders. Liver-related hyperammonemia has been related to the promotion of perturbations in nervous systems, whereas the production of ketone bodies under certain conditions may protect from developing them. The capacity of the liver of amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance is reduced under liver pathologies, contributing to the development of AD. These perturbations are even aggravated by the pro-inflammatory state that often accompanies liver diseases, leading to the named neuroinflammation. The current nourishment habits, named as Western diet (WD) and alterations in the bile acid (BA) profile, whose homeostasis is controlled by the liver, have been also related to both AD and PD, whereas the supplementation with certain compounds, has been demonstrated to alleviate the pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vegas-Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain,Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERned), Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: María Luz Martínez-Chantar, ; Rosario Moratalla,
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERned), Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: María Luz Martínez-Chantar, ; Rosario Moratalla,
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Gender Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Patients Diagnosed with Late-Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020160. [PMID: 35203924 PMCID: PMC8870110 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether gender differences exist in late-onset of Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) is not fully understood. This study investigated demographic and pharmacological characteristics in LOAD patients to determine gender differences in LOAD patients treated with ChEIs alone and ChEIs with other medications. Methods: This 5-year retrospective data analysis included 9290 LOAD AD patients with 2949 men patients and 6341 women. Potential predictors of demographic and pharmacological characteristics associated gender differences in patients treated with and without ChEIs therapy were determined using univariate analysis, while multivariable models adjusted for demographic and pharmacological variables. Results: In the adjusted analysis, men patients with LOAD that presented with a history of alcohol use (ETOH) (OR = 1.339, 95% CI, 1.072–1.672, p = 0.010), treated with second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) (OR = 1.271, 95% CI, 1.003–1.610, p = 0.047), citalopram (OR = 5.103, 95% CI, 3.423–7.607, p < 0.001), memantine (OR = 4.409, 95% CI, 3.704–5.249, p < 0.001), and buspirone (OR = 2.166, 95% CI, 1.437–3.264, p < 0.001) were more likely to receive ChEIs therapy, whereas older men were less likely to be treated with ChEIs therapy. Women who were African Americans (OR = 1.387, 95% CI, 1.168–1.647, p < 0.001), that received memantine (OR = 3.412, 95% CI, 3.034–3.837, p < 0.001), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) (OR = 1.143, 95% CI, 1.016–1.287, p = 0.026), and a history of ETOH (OR = 2.109, 95% CI, 1.724–2.580, p < 0.001) were more likely to receive ChEIs therapy, whereas older women were less likely to receive ChEIs therapy. Conclusion: In both men and women patients, those with increasing age were less likely to be treated with ChEI therapy, while patients treated with memantine were also likely to receive ChEI therapy. Our findings highlight the importance for clinicians to optimize ChEI in LOAD to improve treatment effectiveness and eliminate gender differences in ChEI therapy.
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