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Shi Y, Fan X, Zhang K, Ma Y. Association of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 4a/b polymorphism with the risk of incident diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:2226908. [PMID: 37353997 PMCID: PMC10291908 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2226908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and updated meta-analysis on the potential association between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 4a/b polymorphism and the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify possible clinical biomarkers for early screening of DR. MATERIALS AND METHODS A meta-analysis based on case-control or cross-sectional studies was conducted to examine the correlation between eNOS 4a/b polymorphism and DR. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the association strength. RESULTS We included 19 studies, covering 7838 subjects. An association was observed in Caucasians (allelic model: OR = 1.273, 95% CI: 1.006-1.610, p = .045; recessive model: OR = 0.575, 95% CI: 0.371-0.892, p = .014; dominant model: OR = 1.268, 95% CI: 1.052-1.528, p = .013; homozygote model: OR = 1.833, 95% CI: 1.176-2.856, p = .007). Moreover, population-based studies have indicated an association between eNOS 4a/b polymorphism and DR susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that intron 4a allele of eNOS 4a/b is a risk factor for DR in Caucasians with T2DM. Thus, eNOS 4a/b may be used as a biomarker for the early screening and diagnosis of DR in Caucasian T2DM patients.Key messagesEndothelial nitric oxide synthase 4a/b gene polymorphism is not associated with the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy in the overall population, Asians, or Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes. However, 4a is a risk factor for the development of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians.Endothelial nitric oxide synthase 4a/b gene polymorphism is not associated with the type of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Shi
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Kaiyun Zhang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi’an People’s Hospital(Xi’an Fourth Hospital, The People’s Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaling Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Wright WS, Eshaq RS, Lee M, Kaur G, Harris NR. Retinal Physiology and Circulation: Effect of Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:933-974. [PMID: 32941691 PMCID: PMC10088460 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present a discussion of diabetes and its complications, including the macrovascular and microvascular effects, with the latter of consequence to the retina. We will discuss the anatomy and physiology of the retina, including aspects of metabolism and mechanisms of oxygenation, with the latter accomplished via a combination of the retinal and choroidal blood circulations. Both of these vasculatures are altered in diabetes, with the retinal circulation intimately involved in the pathology of diabetic retinopathy. The later stages of diabetic retinopathy involve poorly controlled angiogenesis that is of great concern, but in our discussion, we will focus more on several alterations in the retinal circulation occurring earlier in the progression of disease, including reductions in blood flow and a possible redistribution of perfusion that may leave some areas of the retina ischemic and hypoxic. Finally, we include in this article a more recent area of investigation regarding the diabetic retinal vasculature, that is, the alterations to the endothelial surface layer that normally plays a vital role in maintaining physiological functions. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:933-974, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Randa S Eshaq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Minsup Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gaganpreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Gaonkar B, Prabhu K, Rao P, Kamat A, Rao Addoor K, Varma M. Plasma angiogenesis and oxidative stress markers in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Biomarkers 2020; 25:397-401. [PMID: 32529845 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1774654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neovascularization in the retina and hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, we hypothesized that the plasma angiogenic and oxidative stress markers associated with these derangements could aid in the screening of diabetic patients who are at an increased risk of developing retinopathy.Methods: This study included normal (n = 148), type2 diabetes without retinopathy (DNR; n = 148), proliferative DR (PDR; n = 74) and non-PDR (NPDR; n = 148) subjects. Plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), nitric oxide (NO), soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein thiols were estimated.Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in the plasma concentrations of pro-angiogenic factors and markers of oxidative stress in both retinopathy groups. By contrast, the concentrations of anti-angiogenic factors and antioxidants were decreased significantly in these groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the plasma thresholds of HIF-1α and PEDF can be suitable markers in case of NPDR. However, in PDR, HIF-1α, NO, MMP-9 and PEDF showed high sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions: The factors associated with hypoxia, matrix degradation and angiogenic inhibition play a crucial role in predicting DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Gaonkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnananda Prabhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Pragna Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Kamat
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Rao Addoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Muralidhar Varma
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Wiggenhauser LM, Qi H, Stoll SJ, Metzger L, Bennewitz K, Poschet G, Krenning G, Hillebrands JL, Hammes HP, Kroll J. Activation of Retinal Angiogenesis in Hyperglycemic pdx1 -/- Zebrafish Mutants. Diabetes 2020; 69:1020-1031. [PMID: 32139597 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Progression from the initial vascular response upon hyperglycemia to a proliferative stage with neovacularizations is the hallmark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Here, we report on the novel diabetic pdx1 -/- zebrafish mutant as a model for diabetic retinopathy that lacks the transcription factor pdx1 through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout leading to disturbed pancreatic development and hyperglycemia. Larval pdx1 -/- mutants prominently show vasodilation of blood vessels through increased vascular thickness in the hyaloid network as direct developmental precursor of the adult retinal vasculature in zebrafish. In adult pdx1 -/- mutants, impaired glucose homeostasis induces increased hyperbranching and hypersprouting with new vessel formation in the retina and aggravation of the vascular alterations from the larval to the adult stage. Both vascular aspects respond to antiangiogenic and antihyperglycemic pharmacological interventions in the larval stage and are accompanied by alterations in the nitric oxide metabolism. Thus, the pdx1 -/- mutant represents a novel model to study mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced retinopathy wherein extensive proangiogenic alterations in blood vessel morphology and metabolic alterations underlie the vascular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Wiggenhauser
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Haozhe Qi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra J Stoll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lena Metzger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Pathology Section, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Fifth Medical Department and European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Tavares AM, Silva JH, Bensusan CDO, Ferreira ACF, Matos LPDL, e Souza KLDA, Cardoso-Weide LDC, Taboada GF. Altered superoxide dismutase-1 activity and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216256. [PMID: 31042755 PMCID: PMC6493748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this work, we analyzed patients' blood markers of antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress and inflammation in individuals with T2DM, in pre-diabetes state (pre-DM) and controls without diabetes. Patients were divided into three groups, according to glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): <7%, 7-9%, and >9%. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, total thiols, nitric oxide (•NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) levels of the individuals were measured. Plasma SOD activity was higher in T2DM subjects compared to the controls. While total thiols levels were lower in T2DM groups when compared to pre-DM, the values remained unchanged when compared to controls. ICAM-1 levels of T2DM groups were lower than in controls, while GPx activity, •NO, and TNF-α levels were similar among all groups. A positive correlation was found between SOD and HbA1c levels. Concluding, individuals with T2DM present altered SOD activity, total thiols, and ICAM-1 levels, which might contribute to further complications. There is a positive correlation between SOD activity and HbA1c levels. No apparent correlation exists between total thiols and ICAM-1 levels and with any other of the parameters evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Martins Tavares
- Programa de pós graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Kleber Luiz de Araujo e Souza
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Giselle Fernandes Taboada
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Effect of glycemic control and disease duration on cardiac autonomic function and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2018; 17:149-158. [PMID: 30918849 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a commonly overlooked complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a complex pathogenesis involving hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress which results in neuronal ischemia and cellular death. The level of hyperglycemia as well as disease duration might be significant determinants of the prognosis of T2DM, but limited studies have explored their relationship with these diabetic complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of glycemic control and disease duration on cardiac autonomic function and oxidative stress in patients with T2DM. Methods 60 T2DM patients along with 63 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Diabetic patients were further classified based on glycemic control (HbA1c levels <8% vs. ≥8%) and disease duration (<5 vs. 5-10 vs. >10 years). All participants were assessed for cardiac autonomic function (HRR: heart rate recovery; HRV: heart rate variability), levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT: catalase; SOD: superoxide dismutase), serum nitric oxide (NO) and other cardiometabolic risk factors (resting blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profile). Results T2DM patients showed a significant reduction in HRR, HRV, CAT, SOD and an increase in LFnu, LF: HF ratio and NO. These impairments were significantly greater for the group with poor glycemic control (p < 0.05). However, no difference for these parameters was observed with respect to different disease durations. Conclusion Cardiac autonomic regulation and endogenous antioxidant defense were compromised and levels of nitric oxide found to be raised in patients with Type 2 diabetes. These findings were more pronounced in subjects with poor glycemic control.
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Assmann TS, Brondani LA, Bouças AP, Rheinheimer J, de Souza BM, Canani LH, Bauer AC, Crispim D. Nitric oxide levels in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nitric Oxide 2016; 61:1-9. [PMID: 27677584 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered serum nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have been reported by different studies; however, results are still controversial. Until this date, no meta-analysis evaluated the association of NO levels with DM. Thus, this paper describes a meta-analysis conducted to evaluate if there is a relationship between NO levels and type 1 DM (T1DM) or type 2 DM (T2DM). METHODS A literature search was done to identify all studies that investigated NO levels between T1DM or T2DM patients (cases) and non-diabetic subjects (controls). Measurement of nitrate and nitrite (NOx - the stable NO products) were used to estimate NO concentrations because they closely reflect NO bioavailability. Weighted mean differences (WMD) of NOx levels between case and control samples were calculated for T1DM and T2DM groups. RESULTS Thirty studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis (8 in T1DM samples and 22 in T2DM samples). NOx levels were increased in European T1DM patients compared with controls [random effect model (REM) WMD = 8.55, 95% CI 2.88 - 14.21]. No other ethnicity was evaluated in T1DM studies. NOx levels were also increased in both European (REM WMD = 18.76, 95% CI 1.67 - 35.85) and Asian (REM WMD = 18.41, 95% CI 8.01 - 28.81) T2DM patients, but not in Latin American patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis detected a significant increase in NOx levels in European T1DM patients as well as European and Asian T2DM patients. Further studies in other ethnicities are necessary to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís S Assmann
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia A Brondani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Bouças
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Rheinheimer
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca M de Souza
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís H Canani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Bauer
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Kumar S, Trivedi A, Verma N, Panwar A, Kumar P. Evaluation of the Serum Levels of Nitric Oxide among Diabetic Patients and its Correlation with Lipid Profile as well as Oxidative Stress in North Indian Setting. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:OC44-7. [PMID: 27437271 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/15548.7868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a disease with a rapidly increasing prevalence, needs continue research for novel methods to both prevent and treat this disorder. Obesity and decreased physical activity are the major risk factor for the development of diabetes. Recently the emphasis is focused on oxidative stress in pathogenesis of this disease. AIM To assess the serum levels of Nitric Oxide (NO) among diabetic patients and its correlation with lipid profile as well as oxidative stress in north Indian setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects suffering from type 2 diabetes for more than 1 year and age between 30 to 50 years with hyperuricaemia were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups: Group I- Type 2 diabetics with dyslipidemia and hyperuricaemia, Group II- Type 2 diabetics with dyslipidemia and normouricaemia and Group III- Type 2 diabetics with normolipidemia and normouricaemia. RESULTS The nitric oxide level was significantly lower in Group I and Group II than Group III. The oxidative stress parameters had poor correlation with NO level in all the groups. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that there is definite role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in pathogenesis of type -2 diabetes mellitus with dyslipidemia and hyperuricaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, KG Medical University , Lucknow, India
| | - Arvind Trivedi
- Professor, Department of Medicine, LLR Medical College , Meerut, India
| | - Neetu Verma
- Junior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MLB Medical College Jhansi UP, India
| | - Ajay Panwar
- Senior Resident, Department of Neurology, KG Medical University , Lucknow, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Professor, Department of Physiology, KG Medical University , Lucknow, India
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Ruia S, Saxena S, Prasad S, Sharma SR, Akduman L, Khanna VK. Correlation of biomarkers thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, nitric oxide and central subfield and cube average thickness in diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study. Int J Retina Vitreous 2016; 2:8. [PMID: 27847626 PMCID: PMC5088447 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-016-0033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the role of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) as biochemical biomarkers and central subfield (CST) and cube average thickness (CAT) as biomarkers for medical imaging in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Forty consecutive cases of diabetic retinopathy and 20 healthy controls were included. Cases were divided into two groups: non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 20) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 20) according to ETDRS classification. LogMAR visual acuity was documented. Plasma levels of TBARS, NO and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured using standard protocol. CST and CAT were analyzed on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Data was analyzed statistically. RESULTS Increased severity of diabetic retinopathy was associated with an increase in plasma levels of TBARS (F = 10.92; p < 0.001), NO (F = 21.8; p < 0.001) and HbA1c (F = 5.87; p = 0.001). Increase in CST (F = 61.51; p < 0.001) and CAT (F = 60.84; p < 0.001) was also found to be associated with increased severity of diabetic retinopathy. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of TBARS with CST (r = 0.29; p = 0.038) and CAT (r = 0.31; p = 0.04). A positive correlation of NO with CST (r = 0.27; p = 0.03) and CAT (r = 0.7; p = 0.001) was also observed. On univariate analysis with logMAR visual acuity as dependent variable, a significant increase in visual acuity was observed with increase in independent variables TBARS (B = 0.22; p = 0.004), NO (B = 0.006; p < 0.001), CST (B = 0.005; p < 0.001) and CAT (B = 0.005; p < 0.001). On multivariate linear regression analysis with logMAR visual acuity as dependent variable and adjusting for other factors like duration of diabetes and HbA1c, it was observed that increase in independent variables TBARS (B = 0.07), NO (B = 0.001) and CST (B = 0.004) independently predict increase in logMAR visual acuity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide serve as potential biochemical markers whereas central subfield and cube average thickness serve as potential biomarkers for medical imaging for severity of diabetic retinopathy. In a clinical retinal setting, CAT and CST will help in early recognition of increase in severity of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Ruia
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - S. Prasad
- Department of Community Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shashi R. Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Levent Akduman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University Eye Institute, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Vinay K. Khanna
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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Rodríguez-Carrizalez AD, Castellanos-González JA, Martínez-Romero EC, Miller-Arrevillaga G, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Román-Pintos LM, Miranda-Díaz AG. The effect of ubiquinone and combined antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress markers in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Redox Rep 2015; 21:155-63. [PMID: 26321469 PMCID: PMC8900707 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) and combined antioxidant therapy (CAT) on oxidative stress markers in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) under clinical management. Study design In a randomized, double-blind, phase IIa, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, three study groups were formed and administered medications as follows: Group 1, Coenzyme Q10; Group 2, CAT; and Group 3, placebo. Methods Serum levels of the products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitrites/nitrates, as markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress, were measured. As antioxidants, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured. Results Baseline serum levels of LPO and nitrites/nitrates were significantly elevated in the three groups vs. healthy group (P < 0.0001), while final levels in the Coenzyme Q10 and CAT groups were decreased vs. normal levels (P < 0.0001). The baseline TAC was consumed in the three groups (P < 0.0001), while final results in the Coenzyme Q10 and CAT groups improved (P < 0.0001). Baseline catalase activity was increased in all groups vs. normal values (P < 0.001), while final levels in the Coenzyme Q10 (P < 0.001) and CAT groups (P < 0.0001) were decreased. GPx behaved similarly to catalase and improved in the final results (P < 0.0001). Discussion Adjunctive antioxidant treatment for 6 months was effective and safe for improving the oxidative stress in NPDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez
- a Department of Physiology , Clinical and Experimental Treatment Institute, University Health Sciences Centre, University of Guadalajara, Mexico (Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Departamento de Fisiología)
| | - José Alberto Castellanos-González
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Specialties Hospital of the National Occidental Medical Centre, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico (Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social)
| | - Esaú César Martínez-Romero
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Specialties Hospital of the National Occidental Medical Centre, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico (Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social)
| | - Guillermo Miller-Arrevillaga
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Specialties Hospital of the National Occidental Medical Centre, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico (Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social)
| | - Fermín Paul Pacheco-Moisés
- c University Centre of Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Mexico (Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería)
| | - Luis Miguel Román-Pintos
- a Department of Physiology , Clinical and Experimental Treatment Institute, University Health Sciences Centre, University of Guadalajara, Mexico (Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Departamento de Fisiología)
| | - Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- a Department of Physiology , Clinical and Experimental Treatment Institute, University Health Sciences Centre, University of Guadalajara, Mexico (Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Departamento de Fisiología)
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Oxidative stress-associated neuroretinal dysfunction and nitrosative stress in diabetic retinopathy. Can J Diabetes 2015; 37:401-7. [PMID: 24321721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was intended to investigate whether oxidative stress is the key regulator to alter neuroretinal biochemical homeostasis and in turn aggravate the process of diabetic retinopathy by inducing nitrosative stress in the retinal neurovascular unit. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cell reactive oxygen species level was measured by flow cytometry along with spectrophotometric detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutamate from serum or plasma and a vitreous sample of study groups (i.e. subjects with proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR], type 2 diabetes without retinopathy [DNR] and healthy controls [HCs]). Further, nitrosative stress assessment was performed by spectrophotometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based detection of serum and vitreous nitrite and nitrotyrosine concentrations, respectively. RESULTS The plasma glutamate level remains insignificant between subjects with PDR and DNR (p=0.505) or in HC (p=0.1344) individuals. However, serum MDA (p=0.0004), nitrite (p=0.0147) and nitrotyrosine (p=0.0129) were found to be strikingly higher among PDR subjects compared with the DNR group. Significantly increased levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cell reactive oxygen species (p<0.0001), vitreous glutamate (p=0.0009, p<0.0001), MDA (p=0.0058, p=0.0003), nitrite (p=0.0014, p<0.0001) and nitrotyrosine (p=0.0008, p<0.0001) were found in PDR subjects compared with DNR and HC subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our observation suggests that oxidative stress is associated with impairment in neuroretinal biochemical homeostasis among PDR subjects, which further augments retinal nitrosative stress and thus worsens the pathogenic process of retinopathy among PDR subjects.
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Sharma S, Saxena S, Srivastav K, Shukla RK, Mishra N, Meyer CH, Kruzliak P, Khanna VK. Nitric oxide and oxidative stress is associated with severity of diabetic retinopathy and retinal structural alterations. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 43:429-36. [PMID: 25675974 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine plasma nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxide (LPO) levels in diabetic retinopathy and its association with severity of disease. DESIGN Prospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 60 consecutive cases and 20 healthy controls were included. METHODS Severity of retinopathy was graded according to early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) classification. Photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoid band (ISel) disruption and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alteration were graded using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Data were statistically analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, NO assay and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured using standard protocol. RESULTS Increased severity of diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated with increase in plasma levels of LPO (P < 0.05), NO (P < 0.001) and decrease in plasma levels of GSH (P < 0.0001), ISel disruption (P < 0.001) and RPE topographic alteration (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Increased plasma NO levels are associated with increased severity of diabetic retinopathy. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that increased plasma LPO, NO and decreased GSH levels are associated with in vivo structural changes in inner segment ellipsoid and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Sharma
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep Saxena
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Khushboo Srivastav
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajendra K Shukla
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology and Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Nibha Mishra
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Carsten H Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pallas Klinik, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vinay K Khanna
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology and Research, Lucknow, India
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Rodríguez-Carrizalez AD, Castellanos-González JA, Martínez-Romero EC, Miller-Arrevillaga G, Villa-Hernández D, Hernández-Godínez PP, Ortiz GG, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Miranda-Díaz AG. Oxidants, antioxidants and mitochondrial function in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes 2014; 6:167-75. [PMID: 23875878 PMCID: PMC4232896 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a preventable cause of visual disability. The aims of the present study were to investigate levels and behavior oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial function in non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and to establish the correlation between the severity of NPDR and markers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. METHODS In a transverse analysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with mild, moderate and severe non-proliferative DR (NPDR) were evaluated for markers of oxidative stress (i.e. products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) catabolites) and antioxidant activity (i.e. total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity of erythrocytes). Mitochondrial function was also determined as the fluidity of the submitochondrial particles of platelets and the hydrolytic activity of F0 /F1 -ATPase. RESULTS Levels of LPO and NO were significantly increased in T2DM patients with severe NPDR (3.19 ± 0.05 μmol/mL and 45.62 ± 1.27 pmol/mL, respectively; P < 0.007 and P < 0.0001 vs levels in health volunteers, respectively), suggesting the presence of oxidative stress. TAC had significant decrease levels with minimum peak in severe retinopathy with 7.98 ± 0.48 mEq/mL (P < 0.0001). In contrast with TAC, erythrocyte catalase and GPx activity was increased in patients with severe NPDR (139.4 ± 4.4 and 117.13 ± 14.84 U/mg, respectively; P < 0.0001 vs healthy volunteers for both), suggesting an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. The fluidity of membrane submitochondrial particles decreased significantly in T2DM patients with mild, moderate, or severe NPDR compared with that in healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001 for all). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the hydrolytic activity of the F0 /F1 -ATPase in T2DM patients with mild NPDR (265.07 ± 29.55 nmol/PO4 ; P < 0.0001 vs healthy volunteers), suggesting increased catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Patients with NPDR exhibit oxidative deregulation with decreased membrane fluidity of submitochondrial particles and increased systemic catabolism (mitochondrial dysfunction) with the potential for generalized systemic damage in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esaú César Martínez-Romero
- Departament of Ophthalmology, Specialties Hospital of the National Occidental Medical CentreGuadalajara, México
| | | | - David Villa-Hernández
- Departament of Ophthalmology, Specialties Hospital of the National Occidental Medical CentreGuadalajara, México
| | | | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Oxidative Stress and Pathology Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Occidental Biomedical Research Centre, Social Security Institute of MexicoGuadalajara, México
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Lott MEJ, Slocomb JE, Shivkumar V, Smith B, Gabbay RA, Quillen D, Gardner TW, Bettermann K. Comparison of retinal vasodilator and constrictor responses in type 2 diabetes. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:e434-41. [PMID: 22682034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.02445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The retinal blood vessels provide a unique way to directly examine the human microvasculature, which is frequently damaged in individuals with diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated that retinal flickering light-induced vasodilation and hyperoxia-induced vasoconstriction may operate by enhancing or reducing similar vasoregulatory factor(s), but a comparison between these two provocative stimuli in individuals with diabetes has not been studied. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between retinal flickering light-induced vasodilation and retinal hyperoxia-induced vasoconstriction in type 2 diabetic subjects and in healthy controls. METHODS Twenty men and women with type 2 diabetes and 10 men and women without diabetes between 21 and 75 years of age were recruited. Changes in retinal artery and vein diameters to flickering light and during hyperoxia (100% oxygen) stimuli were measured on the same visit using a noninvasive retinal imaging device (Dynamic Vessel Analyzer, Imedos Inc., Germany). RESULTS Compared with controls, diabetic subjects had impaired arterial vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses to both flickering light and hyperoxia, respectively (both p<0.001). Merging both groups, an inverse correlation (r=-0.56; p=0.003) between the retinal artery's responses to flickering light-induced vasodilation and hyperoxia-induced vasoconstriction was demonstrated independent of glucose or insulin levels. CONCLUSION This suggests that both responses are attenuated to a similar degree in diabetic subjects and that the attenuation to both stimuli can be observed in retinal arteries and veins. This would suggest that similar vasoregulatory factor(s) might in part help to explain the retinal diameter responses between the two stimuli. One suggested common vasoregulator of vascular tone is nitric oxide; however, other factor(s) may be involved, which contribute to this association and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E J Lott
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Neurology, Hershey, PA 17033-2390, USA.
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Sarangi R, Padhi S, Mahapatra S, Bhumika N. Serum nitric oxide metabolites and high sensitivity C-reactive protein are important biomarkers in non obese, Indian type 2 diabetic males. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-012-0084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Azmy R, Dawood A, Kilany A, El-Ghobashy Y, Ellakwa AF, El-Daly M. Association analysis of genetic variations of eNOS and α2β1 integrin genes with type 2 diabetic retinopathy. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2012; 5:55-65. [PMID: 23776381 PMCID: PMC3681193 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s31979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is classically defined as a microvasculopathy that primarily affects the small blood vessels of the inner retina as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It has been suggested that nitric oxide (NO) and α2β1 integrin (a platelet receptor for collagen) play an important role in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications in DR. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the association of two candidate genes involved in the regulation of retinal vasculature, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and α2β1 integrin (ITGA2) genes, with the development of DR in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to investigate whether genetic variants will affect the type of retinopathy (proliferative or nonproliferative). Methods In this study, 70 patients were enrolled and categorized into two groups: (1) a DR group consisting of 50 patients with DR, which was further subclassified into 25 patients with nonproliferative DR (NPDR group) and 25 patients with proliferative DR (PDR group) and (2) a diabetes without retinopathy (DWR) group, comprising 20 patients with type 2 diabetes of more than 10 years’ duration who showed no signs of DR. Associations of the genetic polymorphisms of eNOS (G894T) and ITGA2 (BgI II) were studied. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed for all samples to evaluate the genotypes and correlate with the phenotype of the disease. Results The allele frequencies of both polymorphisms showed considerable differences between patients with and without DR. The GG genotype of G894T polymorphism of eNOS was associated with a 9.75-fold increased risk of DR (95% confidence interval 1.7–55.4) and the genotype ITGA2 BgI II (+/+) was associated with a 10.1-fold increased risk of DR (95% confidence interval 1.8–57.9), while the α2β1 integrin gene polymorphism of genotype distribution of both eNOS and ITGA2 polymorphisms did not differ significantly between the proliferative and nonproliferative DR groups. Conclusion A significant association between the G894T polymorphism of eNOS and BgI II polymorphism of ITGA2 genes and DR was observed, while there was no association between the genetic variants of those two polymorphisms and the type of retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Azmy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Menoufiya University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
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Nitric oxide, a janus-faced therapeutic target for diabetic microangiopathy-Friend or foe? Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:187-94. [PMID: 21635951 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated atherosclerosis and microvascular complications are the leading causes of coronary heart disease, end-stage renal failure, acquired blindness and a variety of neuropathy, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rates in patients with diabetes. As the prevalence of diabetes has risen to epidemic proportions worldwide, diabetic vascular complications have now become one of the most challenging health problems. Nitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotropic molecule critical to a number of physiological and pathological processes in humans. NO not only inhibits the inflammatory-proliferative reactions in vascular wall cells, but also exerts anti-thrombogenic and endothelial cell protective properties, all of which could potentially be exploited as a therapeutic option for the treatment of vascular complications in diabetes. However, high amounts of NO produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and/or peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), a reactive intermediate of NO with superoxide anion are involved in pro-inflammatory reactions and tissue damage as well. This implies that NO is a janus-faced molecule and acts as a double-edged sword in vascular complications in diabetes. Further, NO is synthesized from l-arginine via the action of NO synthase (NOS), while NOS is blocked by endogenous l-arginine analogues such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a naturally occurring amino acid which is found in the plasma and various tissues. These findings suggest that amounts of NO locally produced, oxidative stress conditions and level of ADMA could determine the beneficial and detrimental effects of NO on vascular complications in diabetes. In this paper, we review the janus-faced aspects of NO in diabetic microangiopathy.
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Sun Z, Liu J, Zeng X, Huangfu J, Jiang Y, Wang M, Chen F. Protective actions of microalgae against endogenous and exogenous advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Food Funct 2011; 2:251-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ghosh A, Sherpa ML, Bhutia Y, Pal R, Dahal S. Serum nitric oxide status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sikkim. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2011; 1:31-5. [PMID: 23776769 PMCID: PMC3657953 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.81977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a fundamental signal associated with the endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. AIMS To compare serum nitric oxide level among type 2 diabetic patients along with other biochemical parameters and to compare it with that of normal population in Sikkim. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This prospective study was carried out in the Biochemistry Department in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Sikkim on 50 type 2 diabetics compared to 100 non-diabetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The un-hemolyzed blood sample was collected for estimation of biochemical parameters. Griess reaction was used for indirect assay of stable decomposition products in serum(serum nitrite and nitrate levels) as an index of NO generation. The comparison of different parameters between cases and control was done by using Student's t-test. RESULTS There was significant difference when age- and sex-matched cases and controls were compared in regard to waist circumference and body mass index. The values of fasting and postprandial serum glucose, and lipid profile between study group and control group differed significantly. The mean serum level of NO in the study and control group was 43.83 ± 11.3 μmoles/L and 58.85 ± 12.8 μmoles/L respectively, and this difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION To sum up, serum NO was observed significantly low in diabetic participants as compared to control, along with difference in other biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Mingma L Sherpa
- Department of Biochemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Yazum Bhutia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Ranabir Pal
- Department of Community Medicine, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Sanjay Dahal
- Department of Chemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Majitar, Sikkim, India
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Mohamed TA, Mohamed SED. Effect of pan-retinal laser photocoagulation on plasma VEGF, endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in PDR. Int J Ophthalmol 2010; 3:19-22. [PMID: 22553510 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2010.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin-1(ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) before and after pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP). METHODS Forty patients (23 females and 17 males, mean age 48.5±12.2 years) with PDR without previous PRP therapy were studied. Blood samples were obtained before and 3 months after the last PRP session. Baseline (prelaser) plasma levels of VEGF, ET-1 and NO were compared with their levels in 30 healthy age- and sex- matched controls and also with plasma levels 3 months post-PRP. RESULTS Patients with PDR had significantly raised plasma VEGF (375±89ng/L), ET-1(20±5ng/L) and NO (135±53µmol/L) when compared with healthy control group (P<0.01). After PRP, there was a significant reduction in plasma VEGF (179±66ng/L), ET-1 (11±5ng/L) and NO (91±49µmol/L) levels at 3 months' follow-up but still significantly higher than healthy controls. CONCLUSION Patients with PDR demonstrate elevated VEGF, ET-1 and NO, which decrease after successful laser treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Effect of Hesperidin on Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cultured Rabbit Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1399-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Nunes SF, Figueiredo IV, Soares PJ, Costa NE, Lopes MC, Caramona MM. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity and total nitrite and nitrate concentrations in serum: novel biochemical markers for type 2 diabetes? Acta Diabetol 2009; 46:135-40. [PMID: 18853098 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-008-0070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and the total nitrite and nitrate (NO( x )) concentrations in serum from type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects in order to evaluate if they could be used as novel diabetic markers. We studied 38 type 2 diabetic patients and 35 control subjects. Serum samples from those subjects were evaluated by radiochemical methods for SSAO activity using (14)C-benzylamine. Serum NO( x ) concentrations were obtained as an index of nitric oxide production by the Griess reaction. Serum SSAO activity was higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in control group and serum SSAO in type 2 diabetic correlated with age, serum creatinine and total cholesterol. Serum NO( x ) levels in type 2 diabetic patients were also significantly higher than those in the control group. Serum NO( x ) levels in control group correlated with serum SSAO activity. In conclusion, the increase in the SSAO activity and NO( x ) levels observed in type 2 diabetic patients could be parameters to take in account and play relevant role in diabetes development. SSAO and NO( x ) are suggested as markers for prognostic of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fernanda Nunes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-175, Coimbra, Portugal
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Bashan N, Kovsan J, Kachko I, Ovadia H, Rudich A. Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Physiol Rev 2009; 89:27-71. [PMID: 19126754 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) adequately balanced by antioxidant systems is a prerequisite for the participation of these active substances in physiological processes, including insulin action. Yet, increasing evidence implicates ROS and RNS as negative regulators of insulin signaling, rendering them putative mediators in the development of insulin resistance, a common endocrine abnormality that accompanies obesity and is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes. This review deals with this dual, seemingly contradictory, function of ROS and RNS in regulating insulin action: the major processes for ROS and RNS generation and detoxification are presented, and a critical review of the evidence that they participate in the positive and negative regulation of insulin action is provided. The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which ROS and RNS are thought to participate in normal insulin action and in the induction of insulin resistance are then described. Finally, we explore the potential usefulness and the challenges in modulating the oxidant-antioxidant balance as a potentially promising, but currently disappointing, means of improving insulin action in insulin resistance-associated conditions, leading causes of human morbidity and mortality of our era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Bashan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Pulido JE, Pulido JS, Erie JC, Arroyo J, Bertram K, Lu MJ, Shippy SA. A role for excitatory amino acids in diabetic eye disease. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2008; 2007:36150. [PMID: 17713594 PMCID: PMC1940058 DOI: 10.1155/2007/36150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision loss. The primary clinical hallmarks are vascular changes that appear to contribute to the loss of sight. In a number of neurodegenerative disorders there is an appreciation that increased levels of excitatory amino acids are excitotoxic. The primary amino acid responsible appears to be the neurotransmitter glutamate. This review examines the nature of glutamatergic signaling at the retina and the growing evidence from clinical and animal model studies that glutamate may be playing similar excitotoxic roles at the diabetic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E. Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jose S. Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jay C. Erie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jorge Arroyo
- Division of Ophthalmology, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kurt Bertram
- Division of Ophthalmology, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Miao-Jen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Scott A. Shippy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- *Scott A. Shippy:
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Neuro-ophthalmology. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2007; 18:515-17. [PMID: 18163005 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e3282f292cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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