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Murphy T, Mason JM, Leber B, Bray MR, Chan SM, Gupta V, Khalaf D, Maze D, McNamara CJ, Schimmer AD, Schuh AC, Sibai H, Trus M, Valiquette D, Martin K, Nguyen L, Li X, Mak TW, Minden MD, Yee KWL. Preclinical characterization and clinical trial of CFI-400945, a polo-like kinase 4 inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia and higher-risk myelodysplastic neoplasms. Leukemia 2024; 38:502-512. [PMID: 38114624 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
CFI-400945 is a selective oral polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) inhibitor that regulates centriole duplication. PLK4 is aberrantly expressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Preclinical studies indicate that CFI-400945 has potent in vivo efficacy in hematological malignancies and xenograft models, with activity in cells harboring TP53 mutations. In this phase 1 study in very high-risk patients with relapsed/refractory AML and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (NCT03187288), 13 patients were treated with CFI-400945 continuously in dose escalation from 64 mg/day to 128 mg/day. Three of the 9 efficacy evaluable AML patients achieved complete remission (CR). Two of 4 AML patients (50%) with TP53 mutations and complex monosomal karyotype achieved a CR with 1 patient proceeding to allogenic stem cell transplant. A third patient with TP53 mutated AML had a significant reduction in marrow blasts by > 50% with an improvement in neutrophil and platelet counts. Responses were observed after 1 cycle of therapy. Dose-limiting toxicity was enteritis/colitis. A monotherapy and combination therapy study with a newer crystal form of CFI-400945 in patients with AML, MDS and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is ongoing (NCT04730258).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Murphy
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Mason
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Treadwell Therapeutics Canada Inc, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Division of Hematology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark R Bray
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Treadwell Therapeutics Canada Inc, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven M Chan
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dina Khalaf
- Division of Hematology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn Maze
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline J McNamara
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron D Schimmer
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andre C Schuh
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hassan Sibai
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Trus
- Division of Hematology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Debbie Valiquette
- Division of Hematology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kylie Martin
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Treadwell Therapeutics Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Treadwell Therapeutics Canada Inc, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen W L Yee
- Leukemia Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Portelinha A, da Silva Ferreira M, Erazo T, Jiang M, Asgari Z, de Stanchina E, Younes A, Wendel HG. Synthetic lethality of drug-induced polyploidy and BCL-2 inhibition in lymphoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1522. [PMID: 36934096 PMCID: PMC10024740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous whole genome duplication and the adaptive mutations that disrupt genome integrity checkpoints are infrequent events in B cell lymphomas. This suggests that lymphomas might be vulnerable to therapeutics that acutely trigger genomic instability and polyploidy. Here, we report a therapeutic combination of inhibitors of the Polo-like kinase 4 and BCL-2 that trigger genomic instability and cell death in aggressive lymphomas. The synthetic lethality is selective for tumor cells and spares vital organs. Mechanistically, inhibitors of Polo-like kinase 4 impair centrosome duplication and cause genomic instability. The elimination of polyploid cells largely depends on the pro-apoptotic BAX protein. Consequently, the combination of drugs that induce polyploidy with the BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax is highly synergistic and safe against xenograft and PDX models. We show that B cell lymphomas are ill-equipped for acute, therapy-induced polyploidy and that BCL-2 inhibition further enhances the removal of polyploid lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Portelinha
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Tatiana Erazo
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Man Jiang
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- AstraZeneca, Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Multiomics Study of a Novel Naturally Derived Small Molecule, NSC772864, as a Potential Inhibitor of Proto-Oncogenes Regulating Cell Cycle Progression in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020340. [PMID: 36672275 PMCID: PMC9856482 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors, and it contributes to high numbers of deaths globally. Although advances in understanding CRC molecular mechanisms have shed significant light on its pathogenicity, current treatment options, including combined chemotherapy and molecular-targeted agents, are still limited due to resistance, with almost 25% of patients developing distant metastasis. Therefore, identifying novel biomarkers for early diagnosis is crucial, as they will also influence strategies for new targeted therapies. The proto-oncogene, c-Met, a tyrosine kinase that promotes cell proliferation, motility, and invasion; c-MYC, a transcription factor associated with the modulation of the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis; and cyclin D1 (CCND1), an essential regulatory protein in the cell cycle, all play crucial roles in cancer progression. In the present study, we explored computational simulations through bioinformatics analysis and identified the overexpression of c-Met/GSK3β/MYC/CCND1 oncogenic signatures that were associated with cancer progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and poor clinical outcomes in CRC. We further demonstrated the anticancer activities of our newly synthesized quinoline-derived compound, NSC772864, against panels of the National Cancer Institute's human CRC cell lines. The compound exhibited cytotoxic activities against various CRC cell lines. Using target prediction tools, we found that c-Met/GSK3β/MYC/CCND1 were target genes for the NSC772864 compound. Subsequently, we performed in silico molecular docking to investigate protein-ligand interactions and discovered that NSC772864 exhibited higher binding affinities with these oncogenes compared to FDA-approved drugs. These findings strongly suggest that NSC772864 is a novel and potential antiCRC agent.
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Singh CK, Denu RA, Nihal M, Shabbir M, Garvey DR, Huang W, Iczkowski KA, Ahmad N. PLK4 is upregulated in prostate cancer and its inhibition reduces centrosome amplification and causes senescence. Prostate 2022; 82:957-969. [PMID: 35333404 PMCID: PMC9090996 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of novel molecular target(s) is important for designing newer mechanistically driven approaches for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in men. In this study, we determined the role of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), which regulates centriole duplication and centrosome amplification (CA), in PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Employing human PCa tissue microarrays, we assessed the prevalence of CA, correlated with Gleason score, and estimated major causes of CA in PCa (cell doubling vs. centriole overduplication) by staining for mother/mature centrioles. We also assessed PLK4 expression and correlated it with CA in human PCa tissues and cell lines. Further, we determined the effects of PLK4 inhibition in human PCa cells. RESULTS Compared to benign prostate, human PCa demonstrated significantly higher CA, which was also positively correlated with the Gleason score. Further, most cases of CA were found to arise by centriole overduplication rather than cell doubling events (e.g., cytokinesis failure) in PCa. In addition, PLK4 was overexpressed in human PCa cell lines and tumors. Moreover, PLK4 inhibitors CFI-400945 and centrinone-B inhibited cell growth, viability, and colony formation of both androgen-responsive and androgen-independent PCa cell lines. PLK4 inhibition also induced cell cycle arrest and senescence in human PCa cells. CONCLUSIONS CA is prevalent in PCa and arises predominantly by centriole overduplication as opposed to cell doubling events. Loss of centrioles is cellular stress that can promote senescence and suggests that PLK4 inhibition may be a viable therapeutic strategy in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan A Denu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Minakshi Nihal
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Debra R Garvey
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kenneth A Iczkowski
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Ding Y, Liu H, Zhang C, Bao Z, Yu S. Polo-like kinases as potential targets and PLK2 as a novel biomarker for the prognosis of human glioblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2320-2334. [PMID: 35256538 PMCID: PMC8954957 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent malignant central nervous system (CNS) cancer is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). PLKs (polo-like kinases) are a kind of serine-threonine kinase that modulate DNA replication, mitosis, and stress responses. PLKs in GBM need to be better studied and examined in terms of their expression, function, along with prognostic significance. Using an existing publicly available data set, we evaluated the expression level and prognostic relevance of PLKs in GBM patients at the molecular level. The biological processes along with cascades of the screened gene were predicted using the functional enrichment of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The data illustrated that PLK1/3/4 contents were greater in GBM tissues than in non-tumorous tissues, but PLK2/5 expression levels were lower. PLK2 expression was also linked to patient outcome in GBM. Our findings imply that PLKs might be useful molecular indicators as well as prospective treatment targets for GBM. A PLK2 inhibitor has been studied for the first time in a glioma cell in this work. In glioma cells, ON1231320 has anticancer effects. Finally, a summary of PLK inhibitors is presented, along with projections for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Keep Calm and Carry on with Extra Centrosomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020442. [PMID: 35053604 PMCID: PMC8774008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Precise chromosome segregation during mitosis is a vital event orchestrated by formation of bipolar spindle poles. Supernumerary centrosomes, caused by centrosome amplification, deteriorates mitotic processes, resulting in segregation defects leading to chromosomal instability (CIN). Centrosome amplification is frequently observed in various types of cancer and considered as a significant contributor to destabilization of chromosomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of causes and consequences of centrosome amplification thoroughly describing molecular mechanisms. Abstract Aberrations in the centrosome number and structure can readily be detected at all stages of tumor progression and are considered hallmarks of cancer. Centrosome anomalies are closely linked to chromosome instability and, therefore, are proposed to be one of the driving events of tumor formation and progression. This concept, first posited by Boveri over 100 years ago, has been an area of interest to cancer researchers. We have now begun to understand the processes by which these numerical and structural anomalies may lead to cancer, and vice-versa: how key events that occur during carcinogenesis could lead to amplification of centrosomes. Despite the proliferative advantages that having extra centrosomes may confer, their presence can also lead to loss of essential genetic material as a result of segregational errors and cancer cells must deal with these deadly consequences. Here, we review recent advances in the current literature describing the mechanisms by which cancer cells amplify their centrosomes and the methods they employ to tolerate the presence of these anomalies, focusing particularly on centrosomal clustering.
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Oh H, Kim SG, Bae SU, Byun SJ, Kim S, Lee JH, Hwang I, Kwon SY, Lee HW. Polo-like kinase 4 as a potential predictive biomarker of chemoradioresistance in locally advanced rectal cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2021; 56:40-47. [PMID: 34775733 PMCID: PMC8743804 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2021.10.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a serine/threonine protein kinase located in the centriole of the chromosome during the cell cycle. PLK4 overexpression has been described in a variety of many common human epithelial tumors. Conversely, PLK4 acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in some situations, highlighting the importance of strict regulation of PLK4 expression, activity, and function. Meanwhile, the importance of chemoradiation resistance in rectal cancer is being emphasized more than ever. We aimed to analyze PLK4 expression and the tumor regression grade (TRG) in patients with rectal cancer, treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 102 patients with rectal cancer who received preoperative CRT. Immunohistochemistry for PLK4 in paraffin-embedded tissue was performed from the biopsy and surgical specimens. Results We found significant association between high expression of PLK4 and poor response to neoadjuvant CRT (according to both Mandard and The Korean Society of Pathologists TRG systems) in the pre-CRT specimens. Other clinicopathologic parameters did not reveal any correlation with PLK4 expression. Conclusion This study revealed an association between high expression of PLK4 in the pre-CRT specimens and TRG. Our results indicated that PLK4 could potentially be a new predictor for CRT effect in patients with rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseung Oh
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon Gu Kim
- Department of Education Support Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Uk Bae
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Byun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ilseon Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Wang CH, Lu TJ, Wang LK, Wu CC, Chen ML, Kuo CY, Shyu RY, Tsai FM. Tazarotene-induced gene 1 interacts with Polo-like kinase 2 and inhibits cell proliferation in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2347-2356. [PMID: 34314079 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) is considered to be a tumor suppressor gene that is highly expressed in normal or well-differentiated colon tissues, while downregulation of TIG1 expression occurs in poorly differentiated colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. However, it is still unclear how TIG1 regulates the tumorigenesis of CRC. Polo-like kinases (Plks) are believed to play an important role in regulating the cell cycle. The performance of PLK2 in CRC is negatively correlated with the differentiation status of CRC tissues. Here, we found that PLK2 can induce the growth of CRC cells and that TIG1 can prevent PLK2 from promoting the proliferation of CRC cells. We also found that the expression of PLK2 in CRC cells was associated with low levels of Fbxw7 protein and increased expression of cyclin E1. When TIG1 was coexpressed with PLK2, the changes in Fbxw7/cyclin E1 levels induced by PLK2 were reversed. In contrast, silencing TIG1 promoted the proliferation of CRC, and when PLK2 was also silenced, the proliferation of CRC cells induced by TIG1 silencing was significantly inhibited. The above research results suggest that TIG1 can regulate the tumorigenesis of CRC by regulating the activity of PLK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Ju Lu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Kai Wang
- Radiation Biology Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chieh Wu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Keelung Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Liang Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Yaun Shyu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
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Roopasree OJ, Adivitiya, Chakraborty S, Kateriya S, Veleri S. Centriole is the pivot coordinating dynamic signaling for cell proliferation and organization during early development in the vertebrates. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2178-2197. [PMID: 34288241 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrates have an elaborate and functionally segmented body. It evolves from a single cell by systematic cell proliferation but attains a complex body structure with exquisite precision. This development requires two cellular events: cell cycle and ciliogenesis. For these events, the dynamic molecular signaling is converged at the centriole. The cell cycle helps in cell proliferation and growth of the body and is a highly regulated and integrated process. Its errors cause malignancies and developmental disorders. The cells newly proliferated are organized during organogenesis. For a cellular organization, dedicated signaling hubs are developed in the cells, and most often cilia are utilized. The cilium is generated from one of the centrioles involved in cell proliferation. The developmental signaling pathways hosted in cilia are essential for the elaboration of the body plan. The cilium's compartmental seclusion is ideal for noise-free molecular signaling and is essential for the precision of the body layout. The dysfunctional centrioles and primary cilia distort the development of body layout that manifest as serious developmental disorders. Thus, centriole has a dual role in the growth and cellular organization. It organizes dynamically expressed molecules of cell cycle and ciliogenesis and plays a balancing act to generate new cells and organize them during development. A putative master molecule may regulate and coordinate the dynamic gene expression at the centrioles. The convergence of many critical signaling components at the centriole reiterates the idea that centriole is a major molecular workstation involved in elaborating the structural design and complexity in vertebrates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Roopasree
- Agroprocessing Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019 and Academy of CSIR, Uttar Pradesh - 201002, India
| | - Adivitiya
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Soura Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shobi Veleri
- Drug Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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Kressin M, Fietz D, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Modelling the Functions of Polo-Like Kinases in Mice and Their Applications as Cancer Targets with a Special Focus on Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1176. [PMID: 34065956 PMCID: PMC8151477 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) belong to a five-membered family of highly conserved serine/threonine kinases (PLK1-5) that play differentiated and essential roles as key mitotic kinases and cell cycle regulators and with this in proliferation and cellular growth. Besides, evidence is accumulating for complex and vital non-mitotic functions of PLKs. Dysregulation of PLKs is widely associated with tumorigenesis and by this, PLKs have gained increasing significance as attractive targets in cancer with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. PLK1 has proved to have strong clinical relevance as it was found to be over-expressed in different cancer types and linked to poor patient prognosis. Targeting the diverse functions of PLKs (tumor suppressor, oncogenic) are currently at the center of numerous investigations in particular with the inhibition of PLK1 and PLK4, respectively in multiple cancer trials. Functions of PLKs and the effects of their inhibition have been extensively studied in cancer cell culture models but information is rare on how these drugs affect benign tissues and organs. As a step further towards clinical application as cancer targets, mouse models therefore play a central role. Modelling PLK function in animal models, e.g., by gene disruption or by treatment with small molecule PLK inhibitors offers promising possibilities to unveil the biological significance of PLKs in cancer maintenance and progression and give important information on PLKs' applicability as cancer targets. In this review we aim at summarizing the approaches of modelling PLK function in mice so far with a special glimpse on the significance of PLKs in ovarian cancer and of orthotopic cancer models used in this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kressin
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Zhang X, Wei C, Liang H, Han L. Polo-Like Kinase 4's Critical Role in Cancer Development and Strategies for Plk4-Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:587554. [PMID: 33777739 PMCID: PMC7994899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.587554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) are critical regulatory molecules during the cell cycle process. This family has five members: Plk1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Plk4 has been identified as a master regulator of centriole replication, and its aberrant expression is closely associated with cancer development. In this review, we depict the DNA, mRNA, and protein structure of Plk4, and the regulation of Plk4 at a molecular level. Then we list the downstream targets of Plk4 and the hallmarks of cancer associated with these targets. The role of Plk4 in different cancers is also summarized. Finally, we review the inhibitors that target Plk4 in the hope of discovering effective anticancer drugs. From authors' perspective, Plk4 might represent a valuable tumor biomarker and critical target for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Han
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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12
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Abreu P, Ivanics T, Jiang K, Chen K, E Hansen B, Sapisochin G, Ghanekar A. Novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma: high tumoral PLK-4 expression is associated with better prognosis in patients without microvascular invasion. HPB (Oxford) 2021; 23:359-366. [PMID: 32800449 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver resection (LR) adversely affects prognosis but is difficult to predict. Aberrant expression of Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK-4) is implicated in several adult malignancies. We sought to evaluate the prognostic value of PLK-4 expression in HCC after curative-intent LR. METHODS Patients undergoing LR for HCC between July-2015 and November-2017 at our centre were retrospectively identified. PLK-4 expression was measured in tumour and adjacent non-tumour liver tissue using quantitative RT-PCR. Disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS A total of 145 patients were identified. Patients were divided according to PLK-4 expression (high: n = 58, low: n = 87) by generating a receiver operating characteristic curve for recurrence with an area under the curve of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.6-0.8). Recurrence and death rates were similar between groups. In patients without mVI, low PLK-4 expression was associated with worse actuarial DFS (low 1-, 3-, 5-year 83%, 60%, 47% vs. high 91%, 81%, 81%; p = 0.02). In patients without mVI, high PLK-4 expression was an independent predictor of survival (HR 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-1.0; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION PLK-4 represents a biomarker for good prognosis in patients with HCC who do not have mVI. This could aid clinical decision making for adjuvant clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipe Abreu
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tommy Ivanics
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keruo Jiang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kui Chen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bettina E Hansen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Sapisochin
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Raab CA, Raab M, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Non-mitotic functions of polo-like kinases in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188467. [PMID: 33171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of mitotic protein kinases are currently being developed as non-neurotoxic alternatives of microtubule-targeting agents (taxanes, vinca alkaloids) which provide a substantial survival benefit for patients afflicted with different types of solid tumors. Among the mitotic kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases, the Aurora kinases, the kinesin spindle protein and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have emerged as attractive targets of cancer therapeutics. The functions of mammalian PLK1-5 are traditionally linked to the regulation of the cell cycle and to the stress response. Especially the key role of PLK1 and PLK4 in cellular growth and proliferation, their overexpression in multiple types of human cancer and their druggability, make them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Inhibitors for PLK1 and PLK4 are currently being tested in multiple cancer trials. The clinical success of microtubule-targeting agents is attributed not solely to the induction of a mitotic arrest in cancer cells, but also to non-mitotic effects like targeting intracellular trafficking on microtubules. This raises the question whether new cancer targets like PLK1 and PLK4 regulate critical non-mitotic functions in tumor cells. In this article we summarize the important roles of PLK1-5 for the regulation of non-mitotic signaling. Due to these functions it is conceivable that inhibitors for PLK1 or PLK4 can target interphase cells, which underscores their attractive potential as cancer drug targets. Moreover, we also describe the contribution of the tumor-suppressors PLK2, PLK3 and PLK5 to cancer cell signaling outside of mitosis. These observations highlight the urgent need to develop highly specific ATP-competitive inhibitors for PLK4 and for PLK1 like the 3rd generation PLK-inhibitor Onvansertib to prevent the inhibition of tumor-suppressor PLKs in- and outside of mitosis. The remarkable feature of PLKs to encompass a unique druggable domain, the polo-box-domain (PBD) that can be found only in PLKs offers the opportunity for the development of inhibitors that target PLKs exclusively. Beyond the development of mono-specific ATP-competitive PLK inhibitors, the PBD as drug target will support the design of new drugs that eradicate cancer cells based on the mitotic and non-mitotic function of PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Zeng Y, Li N, Liu W, Zeng M, Cheng J, Huang J. Analyses of expressions and prognostic values of Polo-like kinases in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2447-2460. [PMID: 32627077 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite great advances in its early diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer is still an intractable disease and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and morbidity in the world. The family of Polo-like kinases (PLKs) consists of five serine/threonine kinases, which have been reported to participate in various human diseases. However, the expression and prognostic value of each PLK in human lung cancer have not been fully understood. This study analyzed mRNA expression and prognostic value of different PLKs in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS First, mRNA expression of PLKs in patients with NSCLC from the Oncomine and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was investigated. Then, a Kaplan-Meier plotter was employed for survival analysis. The sequence alteration for PLKs was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the cBioPortal database. Additionally, we analyzed the association among different PLKs using the LinkedOmics database. Finally, the enrichment analysis of PLKs was achieved using the DAVID database. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of PLK1 and PLK4 were significantly overexpressed, while mRNA expression level of PLK3 was underexpressed in patients with NSCLC. mRNA expressions of PLK1 and PLK4 were significantly and positively related to the tumor stage of NSCLC. Increased expressions of PLK1, PLK4, and PLK5 and decreased expression of PLK2 were attributed to limited overall survival time in NSCLC. PLK1 was positively correlated with PLK4 via the LinkedOmics database. CONCLUSIONS PLKs are relevant targets for NSCLC treatment, especially PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanhong Li
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 57# Renmin avenue South, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Liu
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Zeng
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfen Cheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 57# Renmin avenue South, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Xie XL, Zhu HX, Li YM, Chen DT, Fan TY. Differential expression of AURKA/PLK4 in quiescence and senescence of osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:884-894. [PMID: 32200684 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1731054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify co-expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in quiescence and senescence of osteosarcoma (OS) U2OS cells and investigate their biological functions. GSE94805 from Gene Expression Omnibus database was extracted, involving 12 samples of OS U2OS cells (4 quiescence, 4 senescence, and 4 control samples). After analysis of DEGs by limma package, VENN analysis was performed to identify co-expressed DEGs in quiescence and senescent. The Cytoscape software was used to construct an interactive network of co-expressed DEGs. Finally, box-plot was drawn for the co-expressed DEGs in sub-network. Besides, the relation literatures were selected in GenCLiP database for the co-expressed DEGs. Seven hundred and forty-three DEGs (255 up-regulated genes, 488 down-regulated genes) were obtained in quiescence and 2135 DEGs (1189 up-regulated genes, 946 down-regulated genes) in senescence. Through VENN analysis, 448 DEGs (131 up-regulated genes, 317 down-regulated genes) were co-expressed in quiescent and senescence. In the co-expressed DEGs network, 896 nodes (448 nodes in quiescent, 448 nodes in senescent) were obtained. Finally, 16 co-expressed DEGs were obtained in the sub-network analysis, in which Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and polo-like kinase (PLK4) had been reported in OS. AURKA and PLK4 might be the key genes in quiescence and senescence of OS U2OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Ta Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-You Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Goroshchuk O, Vidarsdottir L, Björklund AC, Hamil AS, Kolosenko I, Dowdy SF, Palm-Apergi C. Targeting Plk1 with siRNNs in primary cells from pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2688. [PMID: 32060361 PMCID: PMC7021816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) accounts for nearly one fifth of all childhood cancers and current challenges in B-ALL treatment include resistance, relapse and late-onset side effects due to the chemotherapy. To overcome these hurdles, novel therapies need to be investigated. One promising target is Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a key regulator of the cell cycle. In this study, the Plk family expression is investigated in primary peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells from ten pediatric B-ALL patients. For the first time, short interfering RiboNucleic Neutrals (siRNNs) that enter cells without a transfection reagent are used to target Plk1 mRNA in primary cells from pediatric B-ALL patients. Our results show that the expression of Plk1 and Plk4 is significantly higher in pediatric B-ALL patients compared to healthy donors. Moreover, treatment of primary peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells from pediatric B-ALL patients, cultured ex vivo, with Plk1-targeting siRNNs results in cleavage of Plk1 mRNA. Importantly, the Plk1 knockdown is specific and does not affect other Plk members in contrast to many small molecule Plk1 inhibitors. Thus, Plk1 is a potential therapeutic target in pediatric B-ALL and selective targeting of Plk1 can be achieved by the use of siRNNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Goroshchuk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Vidarsdottir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Björklund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander S Hamil
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Iryna Kolosenko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven F Dowdy
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Caroline Palm-Apergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Zhou Q, Fan G, Dong Y. Polo-like kinase 4 correlates with greater tumor size, lymph node metastasis and confers poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23152. [PMID: 31876063 PMCID: PMC7171315 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to investigate the association of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) expression with tumor features as well as survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS Five hundred and sixty NSCLC patients who underwent pulmonary resection were recruited, and their tumor specimens were obtained. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to assess PLK4 expression in tumor specimen. Follow-up documents were reviewed, and the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS According to IHC staining, there were 277 (49.5%) patients with PLK4 low expression and 283 (50.5%) patients with PLK4 high expression. PLK4 high expression was further classified into three different classes: high+, high++, high+++, and 122 (21.8%), 127 (22.7%), 34 (6.1%) patients were with PLK4 high+, high++, high+++ expression, respectively. Polo-like kinase 4 expression was correlated with larger tumor size, LYN metastasis, and higher TNM stage. As for survival, DFS and OS were lower in patients with PLK4 high expression compared with patients with PLK4 low expression. In addition, DFS and OS were the lowest in patients with PLK4 high+++ expression, followed by those with PLK4 high++ expression, PLK4 high+ expression, and then patients with PLK4 low expression. Univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression model analyses further disclosed that PLK4 was an independent predictive factor for poor DFS and OS in NSCLC patients. CONCLUSION Our study preliminarily illuminates the clinical implication of PLK4 in NSCLC, while further studies are still needed to explicit the value of PLK4 in surveillance and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gongchun Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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18
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Veitch ZW, Cescon DW, Denny T, Yonemoto LM, Fletcher G, Brokx R, Sampson P, Li SW, Pugh TJ, Bruce J, Bray MR, Slamon DJ, Mak TW, Wainberg ZA, Bedard PL. Safety and tolerability of CFI-400945, a first-in-class, selective PLK4 inhibitor in advanced solid tumours: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:318-324. [PMID: 31303643 PMCID: PMC6738068 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CFI-400945 is a first-in-class oral inhibitor of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) that regulates centriole duplication. Primary objectives of this first-in-human phase 1 trial were to establish the safety and tolerability of CFI-400945 in patients with advanced solid tumours. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Methods Continuous daily oral dosing of CFI-400945 was evaluated using a 3+3 design guided by incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in the first 28-day cycle. Safety was assessed by CTCAE v4.0. ORR and CBR were evaluated using RECIST v1.1. Results Forty-three patients were treated in dose escalation from 3 to 96 mg/day, and 9 were treated in 64 mg dose expansion. After DLT occurred at 96 and 72 mg, 64 mg was established as the RP2D. Neutropenia was a common high-grade (19%) treatment-related adverse event at ≥ 64 mg. Half-life of CFI-400945 was 9 h, with Cmax achieved 2–4 h following dosing. One PR (45 cycles, ongoing) and two SD ≥ 6 months were observed (ORR = 2%; CBR = 6%). Conclusions CFI-400945 is well tolerated at 64 mg with dose-dependent neutropenia. Favourable pharmacokinetic profiles were achieved with daily dosing. Response rates were low without biomarker pre-selection. Disease-specific and combination studies are ongoing. Trial Registration Clinical Trials Registration Number – NCT01954316 (Oct 1st, 2013)
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W Veitch
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trisha Denny
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa-Maria Yonemoto
- University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graham Fletcher
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Brokx
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Sampson
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sze-Wan Li
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark R Bray
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tak W Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zev A Wainberg
- University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Philippe L Bedard
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Suri A, Bailey AW, Tavares MT, Gunosewoyo H, Dyer CP, Grupenmacher AT, Piper DR, Horton RA, Tomita T, Kozikowski AP, Roy SM, Sredni ST. Evaluation of Protein Kinase Inhibitors with PLK4 Cross-Over Potential in a Pre-Clinical Model of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2112. [PMID: 31035676 PMCID: PMC6540285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a cell cycle-regulated protein kinase (PK) recruited at the centrosome in dividing cells. Its overexpression triggers centrosome amplification, which is associated with genetic instability and carcinogenesis. In previous work, we established that PLK4 is overexpressed in pediatric embryonal brain tumors (EBT). We also demonstrated that PLK4 inhibition exerted a cytostatic effect in EBT cells. Here, we examined an array of PK inhibitors (CFI-400945, CFI-400437, centrinone, centrinone-B, R-1530, axitinib, KW-2449, and alisertib) for their potential crossover to PLK4 by comparative structural docking and activity inhibition in multiple established embryonal tumor cell lines (MON, BT-12, BT-16, DAOY, D283). Our analyses demonstrated that: (1) CFI-400437 had the greatest impact overall, but similar to CFI-400945, it is not optimal for brain exposure. Also, their phenotypic anti-cancer impact may, in part, be a consequence of the inhibition of Aurora kinases (AURKs). (2) Centrinone and centrinone B are the most selective PLK4 inhibitors but they are the least likely to penetrate the brain. (3) KW-2449, R-1530 and axitinib are the ones predicted to have moderate-to-good brain penetration. In conclusion, a new selective PLK4 inhibitor with favorable physiochemical properties for optimal brain exposure can be beneficial for the treatment of EBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreena Suri
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Anders W Bailey
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Maurício T Tavares
- Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Connor P Dyer
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Alex T Grupenmacher
- Department of Ophtalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - David R Piper
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
| | - Robert A Horton
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | | | - Saktimayee M Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Simone T Sredni
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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20
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Wang J, Zuo J, Wang M, Ma X, Gao K, Bai X, Wang N, Xie W, Liu H. Polo‑like kinase 4 promotes tumorigenesis and induces resistance to radiotherapy in glioblastoma. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2159-2167. [PMID: 30816483 PMCID: PMC6412581 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors in adults, associated with severe outcomes (median survival, <2 years). Multiple mechanisms are known to be involved in tumor recurrence and treatment resistance in GBM, however, the key regulator for GBM tumorigenesis and therapy resistance remains unclear. To clarify a novel potential functional mechanism of GBM recurrence, a wide range of experiments including in vitro molecular biological experiments and in vivo intracranial xenograft tumor models were performed in the present study. With bioinformatics analysis, polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) was initially identified as one of the most upregulated kinase encoding genes in GBM, which was functionally required for both in vitro cell proliferation and in vivo tumorigenesis in GBM. Clinically, an elevated PLK4 expression was observed in high grade glioma patients, which was associated with poor prognosis. In addition, PLK4 enhanced radioresistance in GBM, while PLK4 knockdown via lentivirus transfection significantly increased the radiosensitivity of GBM cells. Mechanically, PLK4 expression was markedly elevated by the exogenous overexpression of ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 2 (ATAD2) in GBM cells. Collectively, the results suggested that the ATAD2-dependent transcriptional regulation of PLK4 promoted cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, as well as radioresistance in GBM, thus potentially inducing tumor recurrence. PLK4 could therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zuo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wanfu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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21
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Bailey AW, Suri A, Chou PM, Pundy T, Gadd S, Raimondi SL, Tomita T, Sredni ST. Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) Is Overexpressed in Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma (CNS-NB). Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E96. [PMID: 30400339 PMCID: PMC6315664 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in pediatrics, with rare occurrences of primary and metastatic tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). We previously reported the overexpression of the polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) in embryonal brain tumors. PLK4 has also been found to be overexpressed in a variety of peripheral adult tumors and recently in peripheral NB. Here, we investigated PLK4 expression in NBs of the CNS (CNS-NB) and validated our findings by performing a multi-platform transcriptomic meta-analysis using publicly available data. We evaluated the PLK4 expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on the CNS-NB samples and compared the relative expression levels among other embryonal and non-embryonal brain tumors. The relative PLK4 expression levels of the NB samples were found to be significantly higher than the non-embryonal brain tumors (p-value < 0.0001 in both our samples and in public databases). Here, we expand upon our previous work that detected PLK4 overexpression in pediatric embryonal tumors to include CNS-NB. As we previously reported, inhibiting PLK4 in embryonal tumors led to decreased tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, and therefore PLK4 may be a potential new therapeutic approach to CNS-NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders W Bailey
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Amreena Suri
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Pauline M Chou
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Tatiana Pundy
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Samantha Gadd
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | | | - Tadanori Tomita
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Simone Treiger Sredni
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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22
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YLT-11, a novel PLK4 inhibitor, inhibits human breast cancer growth via inducing maladjusted centriole duplication and mitotic defect. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1066. [PMID: 30337519 PMCID: PMC6194023 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is indispensable for precise control of centriole duplication. Abnormal expression of PLK4 has been reported in many human cancers, and inhibition of PLK4 activity results in their mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, PLK4 may be a valid therapeutic target for antitumor therapy. However, clinically available small-molecule inhibitors targeting PLK4 are deficient and their underlying mechanisms still remain not fully clear. Herein, the effects of YLT-11 on breast cancer cells and the associated mechanism were investigated. In vitro, YLT-11 exhibited significant antiproliferation activities against breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, cells treated with YLT-11 exhibited effects consistent with PLK4 kinase inhibition, including dysregulated centriole duplication and mitotic defects, sequentially making tumor cells more vulnerable to chemotherapy. Furthermore, YLT-11 could strongly regulate downstream factors of PLK4, which was involved in cell cycle regulation, ultimately inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cell. In vivo, oral administration of YLT-11 significantly suppressed the tumor growth in human breast cancer xenograft models at doses that are well tolerated. In summary, the preclinical data show that YLT-11 could be a promising candidate drug for breast tumor therapy.
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23
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Raab M, Sanhaji M, Matthess Y, Hörlin A, Lorenz I, Dötsch C, Habbe N, Waidmann O, Kurunci-Csacsko E, Firestein R, Becker S, Strebhardt K. PLK1 has tumor-suppressive potential in APC-truncated colon cancer cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1106. [PMID: 29549256 PMCID: PMC5856809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) acts as a molecular safeguard in ensuring faithful chromosome transmission during mitosis, which is regulated by a complex interplay between phosphatases and kinases including PLK1. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) germline mutations cause aneuploidy and are responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Here we study the role of PLK1 in colon cancer cells with chromosomal instability promoted by APC truncation (APC-ΔC). The expression of APC-ΔC in colon cells reduces the accumulation of mitotic cells upon PLK1 inhibition, accelerates mitotic exit and increases the survival of cells with enhanced chromosomal abnormalities. The inhibition of PLK1 in mitotic, APC-∆C-expressing cells reduces the kinetochore levels of Aurora B and hampers the recruitment of SAC component suggesting a compromised mitotic checkpoint. Furthermore, Plk1 inhibition (RNAi, pharmacological compounds) promotes the development of adenomatous polyps in two independent Apc Min/+ mouse models. High PLK1 expression increases the survival of colon cancer patients expressing a truncated APC significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yves Matthess
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)/ German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Hörlin
- Institute of Pathology at the Department of Pathology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ioana Lorenz
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Dötsch
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nils Habbe
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Waidmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, AU 31681, Australia
- Department of Molecular Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)/ German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Kawakami M, Mustachio LM, Zheng L, Chen Y, Rodriguez-Canales J, Mino B, Kurie JM, Roszik J, Villalobos PA, Thu KL, Silvester J, Cescon DW, Wistuba II, Mak TW, Liu X, Dmitrovsky E. Polo-like kinase 4 inhibition produces polyploidy and apoptotic death of lung cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1913-1918. [PMID: 29434041 PMCID: PMC5828621 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719760115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a serine/threonine kinase regulating centriole duplication. CFI-400945 is a highly selective PLK4 inhibitor that deregulates centriole duplication, causing mitotic defects and death of aneuploid cancers. Prior work was substantially extended by showing CFI-400945 causes polyploidy, growth inhibition, and apoptotic death of murine and human lung cancer cells, despite expression of mutated KRAS or p53. Analysis of DNA content by propidium iodide (PI) staining revealed cells with >4N DNA content (polyploidy) markedly increased after CFI-400945 treatment. Centrosome numbers and mitotic spindles were scored. CFI-400945 treatment produced supernumerary centrosomes and mitotic defects in lung cancer cells. In vivo antineoplastic activity of CFI-400945 was established in mice with syngeneic lung cancer xenografts. Lung tumor growth was significantly inhibited at well-tolerated dosages. Phosphohistone H3 staining of resected lung cancers following CFI-400945 treatment confirmed the presence of aberrant mitosis. PLK4 expression profiles in human lung cancers were explored using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH) of microarrays containing normal and malignant lung tissues. PLK4 expression was significantly higher in the malignant versus normal lung and conferred an unfavorable survival (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) antagonism cooperated with PLK4 inhibition. Taken together, PLK4 inhibition alone or as part of a combination regimen is a promising way to combat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Barbara Mino
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jason Roszik
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
- Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Pamela Andrea Villalobos
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kelsie L Thu
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Silvester
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada;
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
- Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
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25
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Patwardhan D, Mani S, Passemard S, Gressens P, El Ghouzzi V. STIL balancing primary microcephaly and cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:65. [PMID: 29352115 PMCID: PMC5833631 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell division and differentiation are two fundamental physiological processes that need to be tightly balanced to achieve harmonious development of an organ or a tissue without jeopardizing its homeostasis. The role played by the centriolar protein STIL is highly illustrative of this balance at different stages of life as deregulation of the human STIL gene expression has been associated with either insufficient brain development (primary microcephaly) or cancer, two conditions resulting from perturbations in cell cycle and chromosomal segregation. This review describes the recent advances on STIL functions in the control of centriole duplication and mitotic spindle integrity, and discusses how pathological perturbations of its finely tuned expression result in chromosomal instability in both embryonic and postnatal situations, highlighting the concept that common key factors are involved in developmental steps and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruti Patwardhan
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre for Neuroscience, IISC Bangalore, India
| | - Shyamala Mani
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Curadev Pharma, B 87, Sector 83, Noida, UP, 201305,, India
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Génétique Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vincent El Ghouzzi
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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26
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Polo-like kinase 4 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in neuroblastoma via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:54. [PMID: 29352113 PMCID: PMC5833556 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common malignant tumor in infancy and most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, the survival rate of patients with low-risk and intermediate-risk NB can reach up to 90%. In contrast, for high-risk NBs, the long-term survival rate is still <40% because of heterogeneity of this tumor. The pathogenesis of NB is still not explicit, therefore it is of great significance to explore the mechanism of NB tumorigenesis and discover new therapeutic targets for NB. Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), one of the polo-like kinase family members, is an important regulator of centriole replication. The aberrant expression of PLK4 was found in several cancers and a recent study has unraveled a novel function of PLK4 as a mediator of invasion and metastasis in Hela and U2OS cells. However, the function of PLK4 in NB development and progression remains to be elucidated. The study showed the expression level of PLK4 in NB tissues was remarkably upregulated and high expression of PLK4 was negatively correlated with clinical features and survival, which suggested that PLK4 could be a potential tumor-promoting factor of NB. Functional studies indicated downregulation of PLK4 suppressed migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis in NB cells. Further experiments showed that downregulation of PLK4 in NB cells inhibited EMT through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Animal experiments demonstrated that the downregulation of PLK4 in SK-N-BE(2) cells dramatically suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. PLK4 may be a promising therapeutic target for NB.
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27
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Denu RA, Shabbir M, Nihal M, Singh CK, Longley BJ, Burkard ME, Ahmad N. Centriole Overduplication is the Predominant Mechanism Leading to Centrosome Amplification in Melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:517-527. [PMID: 29330283 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome amplification (CA) is common in cancer and can arise by centriole overduplication or by cell doubling events, including the failure of cell division and cell-cell fusion. To assess the relative contributions of these two mechanisms, the number of centrosomes with mature/mother centrioles was examined by immunofluorescence in a tissue microarray of human melanomas and benign nevi (n = 79 and 17, respectively). The centrosomal protein 170 (CEP170) was used to identify centrosomes with mature centrioles; this is expected to be present in most centrosomes with cell doubling, but on fewer centrosomes with overduplication. Using this method, it was determined that the majority of CA in melanoma can be attributed to centriole overduplication rather than cell doubling events. As Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is the master regulator of centriole duplication, the hypothesis that PLK4 overexpression contributes to centriole overduplication was evaluated. PLK4 is significantly overexpressed in melanoma compared with benign nevi and in a panel of human melanoma cell lines (A375, Hs294T, G361, WM35, WM115, 451Lu, and SK-MEL-28) compared with normal human melanocytes. Interestingly, although PLK4 expression did not correlate with CA in most cases, treatment of melanoma cells with a selective small-molecule PLK4 inhibitor (centrinone B) significantly decreased cell proliferation. The antiproliferative effects of centrinone B were also accompanied by induction of apoptosis.Implications: This study demonstrates that centriole overduplication is the predominant mechanism leading to centrosome amplification in melanoma and that PLK4 should be further evaluated as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma treatment. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 517-27. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Denu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Minakshi Nihal
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - B Jack Longley
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark E Burkard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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28
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Zhang Q, Li G, Zhang L, Sun X, Zhang D, Lu J, Ma J, Yan J, Chen ZJ. Maternal common variant rs2305957 spanning PLK4 is associated with blastocyst formation and early recurrent miscarriage. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:1034-1040.e5. [PMID: 28238495 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the common variant rs2305957 spanning PLK4 (Polo-like kinase 4) confers risk to embryo development in Northern Chinese Han (CHN) women. DESIGN Genetic association study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) A total of 2,015 infertile women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF), 530 women with early recurrent miscarriage (ERM), and 600 fertile control women in the CHN population. INTERVENTION(S) Genotyping of rs2305957 was performed by means of high-resolution melting analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Blastocyst formation, implantation, early miscarriage, and live birth rates in infertile women; genotype distribution at rs2305957 in ERM case and control subjects. RESULT(S) In the first cohort of this study, infertile women with AA genotype had a lower blastocyst formation rate than those with AG or GG genotype. No significant differences were observed in implantation rate, early miscarriage rate, or live birth rate among AA, AG, and GG subgroups. In the second cohort, common variant rs2305957 was related to ERM. Genotype frequency differences were also significant in both additive model and dominant model. CONCLUSION(S) Common variant rs2305957 is associated with blastocyst formation and ERM in CHN women. Further investigations of PLK4 gene during embryo development could be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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29
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Plk4 Promotes Cancer Invasion and Metastasis through Arp2/3 Complex Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton. Cancer Res 2016; 77:434-447. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Ferrari S, Gentili C. Maintaining Genome Stability in Defiance of Mitotic DNA Damage. Front Genet 2016; 7:128. [PMID: 27493659 PMCID: PMC4954828 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of decisions affecting cell viability and proliferation is based on prompt detection of the issue to be addressed, formulation and transmission of a correct set of instructions and fidelity in the execution of orders. While the first and the last are purely mechanical processes relying on the faithful functioning of single proteins or macromolecular complexes (sensors and effectors), information is the real cue, with signal amplitude, duration, and frequency ultimately determining the type of response. The cellular response to DNA damage is no exception to the rule. In this review article we focus on DNA damage responses in G2 and Mitosis. First, we set the stage describing mitosis and the machineries in charge of assembling the apparatus responsible for chromosome alignment and segregation as well as the inputs that control its function (checkpoints). Next, we examine the type of issues that a cell approaching mitosis might face, presenting the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the correct and timely functioning of pathways correcting errors or damage before chromosome segregation. We conclude this essay with a perspective on the current status of mitotic signaling pathway inhibitors and their potential use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ferrari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gentili
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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Weng Ng WT, Shin JS, Roberts TL, Wang B, Lee CS. Molecular interactions of polo-like kinase 1 in human cancers. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:557-62. [PMID: 26941182 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is an essential protein in communicating cell-cycle progression and DNA damage. Overexpression of PLK1 has been validated as a marker for poor prognosis in many cancers. PLK1 knockdown decreases the survival of cancer cells. PLK1 is therefore an attractive target for anticancer treatments. Several inhibitors have been developed, and some have been clinically tested to show additive effects with conventional therapies. Upstream regulation of PLK1 involves multiple interactions of proteins such as FoxM1, E2F and p21. Other cancer-related proteins such as pRB and p53 also indirectly influence PLK1 expression. With the high mutation rates of these genes seen in cancers, they may be associated with PLK1 deregulation. This raises the question of whether PLK1 overexpression is a cause or a consequence of oncogenesis. In addition, hypomethylation of the CpG island of the PLK1 promoter region contributes to its upregulation. PLK1 expression can be affected by many factors; thus, it is possible that PLK1 deregulation in each individual patient tumours could be due to different underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Tiong Weng Ng
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tara Laurine Roberts
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bin Wang
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Spindle Assembly Checkpoint as a Potential Target in Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 16:1-8. [PMID: 27435760 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and resistance to chemotherapeutic and existing targeted therapy is a major obstacle to its successful treatment. New targets that offer alternative clinical options are therefore urgently needed. Recently, perturbation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the surveillance mechanism that maintains anaphase inhibition until all chromosomes reach the metaphase plate, has been regarded as a promising target to fight cancer cells, either alone or in combination regimens. Consistent with this strategy, many cancers, including CRC, exhibit altered expression of SAC genes. In this article, we review our current knowledge on SAC activity status in CRC, and on current anti-CRC strategies and future therapeutic perspectives on the basis of SAC targeting experiments in vitro and in animal models.
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Cristóbal I, Rojo F, Madoz-Gúrpide J, García-Foncillas J. Cross Talk between Wnt/β-Catenin and CIP2A/Plk1 Signaling in Prostate Cancer: Promising Therapeutic Implications. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1734-9. [PMID: 27090640 PMCID: PMC4907099 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00130-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) overexpression represent two common events in prostate cancer with relevant functional implications. This minireview analyzes their potential therapeutic significance in prostate cancer based on their role as androgen receptor (AR) signaling regulators and the pivotal role of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) modulating these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Cristóbal
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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Li Z, Dai K, Wang C, Song Y, Gu F, Liu F, Fu L. Expression of Polo-Like Kinase 4(PLK4) in Breast Cancer and Its Response to Taxane-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. J Cancer 2016; 7:1125-32. [PMID: 27326256 PMCID: PMC4911880 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polo-like kinase 4(PLK4) is an important evolutionarily regulator involved in centrosome duplication. We here investigated the expression of PLK4 mRNA and PLK4 in breast cancer, and evaluated its predictive value for response to taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHOD The PLK4 mRNA expression was measured in breast cancer tissues and corresponding normal breast tissues from 30 breast cancer patients by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The association of the expression of PLK4 with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic significance was evaluated in 154 cases of invasive breast cancer. In addition, we immunohistochemically examined the changes of PLK4 expression in biopsy and postoperative tumor specimens of another 64 breast cancer patients who received taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS The level of PLK4 mRNA expression in cancerous tissues had a significant difference compared to the corresponding normal breast tissues (P=0.021). There is a correlation of PLK4 expression with higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis or surrounding recurrence (P=0.043; P=0.006). High PLK4 expression was found to be a detrimental prognostic factor measured by overall survival (OS) (P=0.003) and progress-free survival (PFS) (P=0.003). Moreover, the results demonstrated that PLK4 expression was a negative predictor of response to taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (rs= - 0.253, P=0.044). CONCLUSION The findings of this current study indicated that PLK4 expression in breast cancer could be a potential prognostic factor and a negative predictor of response to taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tianjin 300060, China
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Dominguez-Brauer C, Thu KL, Mason JM, Blaser H, Bray MR, Mak TW. Targeting Mitosis in Cancer: Emerging Strategies. Mol Cell 2016; 60:524-36. [PMID: 26590712 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell cycle is an evolutionarily conserved process necessary for mammalian cell growth and development. Because cell-cycle aberrations are a hallmark of cancer, this process has been the target of anti-cancer therapeutics for decades. However, despite numerous clinical trials, cell-cycle-targeting agents have generally failed in the clinic. This review briefly examines past cell-cycle-targeted therapeutics and outlines how experience with these agents has provided valuable insight to refine and improve anti-mitotic strategies. An overview of emerging anti-mitotic approaches with promising pre-clinical results is provided, and the concept of exploiting the genomic instability of tumor cells through therapeutic inhibition of mitotic checkpoints is discussed. We believe this strategy has a high likelihood of success given its potential to enhance therapeutic index by targeting tumor-specific vulnerabilities. This reasoning stimulated our development of novel inhibitors targeting the critical regulators of genomic stability and the mitotic checkpoint: AURKA, PLK4, and Mps1/TTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Dominguez-Brauer
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kelsie L Thu
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Mason
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Heiko Blaser
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mark R Bray
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Sur S, Swier VJ, Radwan MM, Agrawal DK. Increased Expression of Phosphorylated Polo-Like Kinase 1 and Histone in Bypass Vein Graft and Coronary Arteries following Angioplasty. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147937. [PMID: 26820885 PMCID: PMC4731576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interventional procedures, including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) to re-vascularize occluded coronary arteries, injure the vascular wall and cause endothelial denudation and medial vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) metaplasia. Proliferation of the phenotypically altered SMCs is the key event in the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia (IH). Several kinases and phosphatases regulate cell cycle in SMC proliferation. It is our hypothesis that increased expression and activity of polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) in SMCs, following PTCA and CABG, contributes to greater SMC proliferation in the injured than uninjured blood vessels. Using immunofluorescence (IF), we assessed the expression of PLK1 and phosphorylated-PLK1 (pPLK1) in post-PTCA coronary arteries, and superficial epigastric vein grafts (SEV) and compared it with those in the corresponding uninjured vessels. We also compared the expressions of mitotic marker phospho-histone, synthetic-SMC marker, contractile SMC marker, IFN-γ and phosphorylated STAT-3 in the post-PTCA arteries, SEV-grafts, and the uninjured vessels. Immunostaining demonstrated an increase in the number of cells expressing PLK1 and pPLK1 in the neointima of post PTCA-coronary arteries and SEV-grafts compared to their uninjured counterparts. VSMCs in the neointima showed an increased expression of phospho-histone, synthetic and contractile SMC markers, IFN-γ and phosphorylated STAT-3. However, VSMCs of uninjured coronaries and SEV had no significant expression of the aforementioned proteins. These data suggest that PLK1 might play a critical role in VSMC mitosis in hyperplastic intima of the injured vessels. Thus, novel therapies to inhibit PLK1 could be developed to inhibit the mitogenesis of VSMCs and control neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swastika Sur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Vicki J. Swier
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
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Lee KS, Burke TR, Park JE, Bang JK, Lee E. Recent Advances and New Strategies in Targeting Plk1 for Anticancer Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:858-877. [PMID: 26478211 PMCID: PMC4684765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays key roles in regulating mitotic processes that are crucial for cellular proliferation. Overexpression of Plk1 is tightly associated with the development of particular cancers in humans, and a large body of evidence suggests that Plk1 is an attractive target for anticancer therapeutic development. Drugs targeting Plk1 can potentially be directed at two distinct sites: the N-terminal catalytic kinase domain (KD), which phosphorylates substrates, and the C-terminal polo-box domain (PBD) which is essential for protein-protein interactions. In this review we summarize recent advances and new challenges in the development of Plk1 inhibitors targeting these two domains. We also discuss novel strategies for designing and developing next-generation inhibitors to effectively treat Plk1-associated human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung S Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeong K Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1, Yangcheong Ri, Ochang, Chungbuk, Cheongwon 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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38
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Palmisiano ND, Kasner MT. Polo-like kinase and its inhibitors: Ready for the match to start? Am J Hematol 2015; 90:1071-6. [PMID: 26294255 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) plays a central role in the normal cell cycle and their upregulation has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple human cancers. Preclinical work demonstrates that targeting Plk has a significant impact on the treatment of both solid and hematologic malignancies in vitro and in vivo. We review here the basic science and clinical work to date with the Plks as well as future directions with this novel class of mitotic inhibitors.
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78495111110.1016/j.molcel.2015.11.006" />
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40
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Inoue M, Yoshimura M, Kobayashi M, Morinibu A, Itasaka S, Hiraoka M, Harada H. PLK1 blockade enhances therapeutic effects of radiation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the mitotic phase. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15666. [PMID: 26503893 PMCID: PMC4621528 DOI: 10.1038/srep15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation depends on the cell cycle phase; therefore, its pharmacological manipulation, especially the induction of cell cycle arrest at the radiosensitive mitotic-phase (M-phase), has been attempted for effective radiation therapy. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions in mitotic progression, and is now recognized as a potential target for radiosensitization. We herein investigated whether PLK1 blockade enhanced the cytotoxic effects of radiation by modulating cell cycle phases of cancer cells using the novel small molecule inhibitor of PLK1, TAK-960. The TAK-960 treatment exhibited radiosensitizing effects in vitro, especially when it increased the proportion of M-phase cells. TAK-960 did not sensitize cancer cells to radiation when an insufficient amount of time was provided to induce mitotic arrest. The overexpression of a PLK1 mutant, PLK1-R136G&T210D, which was confirmed to cancel the TAK-960-mediated increase in the proportion of mitotic cells, abrogated the radiosensitizing effects of TAK-960. A tumor growth delay assay also demonstrated that the radiosensitizing effects of TAK-960 depended on an increase in the proportion of M-phase cells. These results provide a rational basis for targeting PLK1 for radiosensitization when considering the therapeutic time window for M-phase arrest as the best timing for radiation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Inoue
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Michio Yoshimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akiyo Morinibu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Itasaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiraoka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Group of Radiation and Tumor Biology, Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Liang S, Zhao MH, Guo J, Choi JW, Kim NH, Cui XS. Polo-like kinase 4 regulates spindle and actin assembly in meiosis and influence of early embryonic development in bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2015; 85:754-61.e1. [PMID: 26549124 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PLK4, a polo-like kinase (PLK) family member that accumulates in the cytoplasm, has been identified as a crucial regulator of centriole formation. PLK4 also controls several essential cellular functions, including cytokinesis and gene expression. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of PLK4 during bovine oocyte meiotic maturation and subsequent embryo development. The PLK4 mRNA was detected in bovine oocytes at all developmental stages during meiotic maturation. Immunofluorescence staining showed that PLK4 protein exhibited a dynamic localization pattern in the oocyte cytoplasm during meiotic maturation, and fluorescence immunostaining markedly increased in metaphase II. When an interfering double-stranded RNA targeting PLK4 was injected into germinal vesicle-stage oocytes, PLK4 transcript levels decreased significantly in metaphase II oocytes (P < 0.05). The PLK4 knockdown caused spindle defects and chromosome misalignment and considerably reduced the amount of cortical and cytoplasmic actin. PLK4 was localized in the cytoplasm of early embryos, and PLK4 knockdown in germinal vesicle-stage oocytes led to failure in the early development of in vitro fertilized embryos (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results indicated that PLK4 plays crucial roles in bovine oocyte meiotic maturation and subsequent early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-woo Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Fan G, Sun L, Shan P, Zhang X, Huan J, Zhang X, Li D, Wang T, Wei T, Zhang X, Gu X, Yao L, Xuan Y, Hou Z, Cui Y, Cao L, Li X, Zhang S, Wang C. Loss of KLF14 triggers centrosome amplification and tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8450. [PMID: 26439168 PMCID: PMC4600754 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is frequent in cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that disruption of the Kruppel-like factor 14 (KLF14) gene in mice causes centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and spontaneous tumorigenesis. Molecularly, KLF14 functions as a transcriptional repressor of Plk4, a polo-like kinase whose overexpression induces centrosome overduplication. Transient knockdown of KLF14 is sufficient to induce Plk4-directed centrosome amplification. Clinically, KLF14 transcription is significantly downregulated, whereas Plk4 transcription is upregulated in multiple types of cancers, and there exists an inverse correlation between KLF14 and Plk4 protein expression in human breast and colon cancers. Moreover, KLF14 depletion promotes AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis. Our findings reveal that KLF14 reduction serves as a mechanism leading to centrosome amplification and tumorigenesis. On the other hand, forced expression of KLF14 leads to mitotic catastrophe. Collectively, our findings identify KLF14 as a tumour suppressor and highlight its potential as biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lianhui Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peipei Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xianying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinliang Huan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyang Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liangfang Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Xuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yongping Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chuangui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
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43
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Kazazian K, Brashavitskaya O, Zih FSW, Berger-Richardson D, Xu RSZ, Pacholczyk K, Macmillan J, Swallow CJ. Polo-Like Kinases in Colorectal Cancer: Potential for Targeted Therapy. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-015-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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Liu X. Targeting Polo-Like Kinases: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Cancer Treatment. Transl Oncol 2015; 8:185-95. [PMID: 26055176 PMCID: PMC4486469 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) are a family of serine-threonine kinases that regulate multiple intracellular processes including DNA replication, mitosis, and stress response. Plk1, the most well understood family member, regulates numerous stages of mitosis and is overexpressed in many cancers. Plk inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation, including phase III trials of volasertib, a Plk inhibitor, in acute myeloid leukemia and rigosertib, a dual inhibitor of Plk1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathways, in myelodysplastic syndrome. Other Plk inhibitors, including the Plk1 inhibitors GSK461364A, TKM-080301, GW843682, purpurogallin, and poloxin and the Plk4 inhibitor CFI-400945 fumarate, are in earlier clinical development. This review discusses the biologic roles of Plks in cell cycle progression and cancer, and the mechanisms of action of Plk inhibitors currently in development as cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Liu
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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45
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Shinmura K, Kato H, Kawanishi Y, Nagura K, Kamo T, Okubo Y, Inoue Y, Kurabe N, Du C, Iwaizumi M, Kurachi K, Nakamura T, Sugimura H. SASS6 overexpression is associated with mitotic chromosomal abnormalities and a poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:727-38. [PMID: 26035073 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle assembly abnormal protein 6 homolog (SASS6) plays an important role in the regulation of centriole duplication. To date, the genetic alteration of SASS6 has not been reported in human cancers. In the present study, we examined whether SASS6 expression is abnormally regulated in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Increased SASS6 mRNA and protein expression levels were observed in 49 (60.5%) of the 81 primary CRCs and 11 (57.9%) of the 19 primary CRCs, respectively. Moreover, the upregulation of SASS6 mRNA expression was statistically significant (P=0.0410). Next, using DLD-1 colon cancer cells inducibly expressing SASS6, SASS6 overexpression was shown to induce centrosome amplification, mitotic abnormalities such as chromosomal misalignment and lagging chromosome, and chromosomal numerical changes. Furthermore, SASS6 overexpression was associated with anaphase bridge formation, a type of mitotic structural abnormality, in primary CRCs (P<0.01). SASS6 upregulation in colon cancer was also revealed in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and was shown to be an independent predictor of poor survival (multivariate analysis: hazard ratio, 2.805; 95% confidence interval, 1.244‑7.512; P=0.0112). Finally, further analysis of the TCGA data demonstrated SASS6 upregulation in a modest manner in 8 of 11 cancer types other than colon cancer, and SASS6 upregulation was found to be associated with a poor survival outcome in patients with kidney renal cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. Our present findings revealed that the upregulation of SASS6 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of CRC and is associated with a poor prognosis among patients with colon cancer. They also suggest that SASS6 upregulation is a genetic abnormality relatively common in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hisami Kato
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kawanishi
- Research Equipment Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Nagura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Kamo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okubo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kurabe
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chunping Du
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Moriya Iwaizumi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kurachi
- Department of Surgery 2, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, Fujieda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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46
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Lee SY, Jang C, Lee KA. Polo-like kinases (plks), a key regulator of cell cycle and new potential target for cancer therapy. Dev Reprod 2015; 18:65-71. [PMID: 25949173 PMCID: PMC4282265 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2014.18.1.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle process is regulated by a number of protein kinases and among them, serine/threonine kinases carry phosphate group from ATP to substrates. The most important three kinase families are Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), Polo-like kinase (Plk), and Aurora kinase. Polo-like kinase family consists of 5 members (Plk1-Plk5) and they are involved in multiple functions in eukaryotic cell division. It regulates a variety of aspects such as, centrosome maturation, checkpoint recovery, spindle assembly, cytokinesis, apoptosis and many other features. Recently, it has been reported that Plks are related to tumor development and over-expressed in many kinds of tumor cells. When injected the anti-Plk antibody into human cells, the cells show aneuploidy, and if inhibit Plks, most of the mitotic cell division does not proceed properly. For that reasons, many inhibitors of Plk have been recently emerged as new target for remedy of the cancer therapeutic research. In this paper, we reviewed briefly the characteristics of Plk families and how Plks work in regulating cell cycles and cancer formation, and the possibilities of Plks as target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuljoon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
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47
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Kratz AS, Bärenz F, Richter KT, Hoffmann I. Plk4-dependent phosphorylation of STIL is required for centriole duplication. Biol Open 2015; 4:370-7. [PMID: 25701666 PMCID: PMC4359743 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201411023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplication of centrioles, namely the formation of a procentriole next to the parental centriole, is regulated by the polo-like kinase Plk4. Only a few other proteins, including STIL (SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus, SIL) and Sas-6, are required for the early step of centriole biogenesis. Following Plk4 activation, STIL and Sas-6 accumulate at the cartwheel structure at the initial stage of the centriole assembly process. Here, we show that STIL interacts with Plk4 in vivo. A STIL fragment harboring both the coiled-coil domain and the STAN motif shows the strongest binding affinity to Plk4. Furthermore, we find that STIL is phosphorylated by Plk4. We identified Plk4-specific phosphorylation sites within the C-terminal domain of STIL and show that phosphorylation of STIL by Plk4 is required to trigger centriole duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Kratz
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Bärenz
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai T Richter
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hoffmann
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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Rosario CO, Kazazian K, Zih FSW, Brashavitskaya O, Haffani Y, Xu RSZ, George A, Dennis JW, Swallow CJ. A novel role for Plk4 in regulating cell spreading and motility. Oncogene 2014; 34:3441-51. [PMID: 25174401 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polo family kinase 4 (Plk4) is required for mitotic progression, and is haploinsufficient for tumor suppression and timely hepatocyte polarization in regenerating liver. At the same time, recent evidence suggests that Plk4 expression may have a role in clinical cancer progression, although the mechanisms are not clear. Here we identify a gene expression pattern predictive of reduced motility in Plk4(+/-) murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and validate this prediction with functional assays of cell spreading, migration and invasion. Increased Plk4 expression enhances cell spreading in Plk4(+/-) MEFs and migration in human embryonic kidney 293T cells, and increases invasion by DLD-1 colon cancer cells. Plk4 depletion impairs invasion of wild-type MEFs and suppresses invasion by MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Cytoskeletal reorganization and development of polarity are impaired in Plk4-deficient cells that have been stimulated to migrate. Endogenous Plk4 phosphorylated at the autophosphorylation site S305 localizes to the protrusions of motile cells, coincident with the RhoA GEF Ect2, GTP-bound RhoA and the RhoA effector mDia. Taken together, our findings reveal an unexpected activity of Plk4 that promotes cell migration and may underlie an association between increased Plk4 expression, cancer progression and death from metastasis in solid tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Rosario
- 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K Kazazian
- 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F S W Zih
- 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - O Brashavitskaya
- 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Y Haffani
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R S Z Xu
- 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A George
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J W Dennis
- 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C J Swallow
- 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [4] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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49
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Mason JM, Lin DCC, Wei X, Che Y, Yao Y, Kiarash R, Cescon DW, Fletcher GC, Awrey DE, Bray MR, Pan G, Mak TW. Functional characterization of CFI-400945, a Polo-like kinase 4 inhibitor, as a potential anticancer agent. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:163-76. [PMID: 25043604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PLK4 was identified as a promising therapeutic target through a systematic approach that combined RNAi screening with gene expression analysis in human breast cancers and cell lines. A drug discovery program culminated in CFI-400945, a potent and selective PLK4 inhibitor. Cancer cells treated with CFI-400945 exhibit effects consistent with PLK4 kinase inhibition, including dysregulated centriole duplication, mitotic defects, and cell death. Oral administration of CFI-400945 to mice bearing human cancer xenografts results in the significant inhibition of tumor growth at doses that are well tolerated. Increased antitumor activity in vivo was observed in PTEN-deficient compared to PTEN wild-type cancer xenografts. Our findings provide a rationale for the clinical evaluation of CFI-400945 in patients with solid tumors, in particular those deficient in PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Mason
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Dan Chi-Chia Lin
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Xin Wei
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yi Che
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yi Yao
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Reza Kiarash
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Graham C Fletcher
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Donald E Awrey
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mark R Bray
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Guohua Pan
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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50
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PLK4 overexpression and its effect on centrosome regulation and chromosome stability in human gastric cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6635-44. [PMID: 24981932 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a centrosomal protein that is involved in the regulation of centrosome duplication. This study aimed to determine whether the genetic abnormality of PLK4 is involved in human gastric cancer. First, we examined the status of PLK4 mRNA expression in 7 gastric cancer cell lines and 48 primary gastric cancers using an RT-PCR analysis. The upregulation of PLK4 mRNA expression was detected in 57.1 % (4/7) of the gastric cancer cell lines, and a novel PLK4 variant with exon 4, but without exon 5, was identified. In the primary gastric cancers, the upregulation of PLK4 mRNA expression in the cancerous cells was detected in 50.0 % (24/48) of the cases, and this upregulation was statistically significant (P value = 0.0139). Next, we established AGS gastric cancer cells capable of inducibly expressing PLK4 using the piggyBac transposon vector system and showed that PLK4 overexpression induced centrosome amplification and chromosome instability using immunofluorescence and FISH analyses, respectively. Furthermore, PLK4 overexpression suppressed primary cilia formation. Our current findings suggested that PLK4 is upregulated in a subset of primary gastric cancers and that PLK4 overexpression induces centrosome amplification and chromosome instability and causes the suppression of primary cilia formation.
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