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Donthi MR, Munnangi SR, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Nanoemulgel: A Novel Nano Carrier as a Tool for Topical Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010164. [PMID: 36678794 PMCID: PMC9863395 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-emulgel is an emerging drug delivery system intended to enhance the therapeutic profile of lipophilic drugs. Lipophilic formulations have a variety of limitations, which includes poor solubility, unpredictable absorption, and low oral bioavailability. Nano-emulgel, an amalgamated preparation of different systems aims to deal with these limitations. The novel system prepared by the incorporation of nano-emulsion into gel improves stability and enables drug delivery for both immediate and controlled release. The focus on nano-emulgel has also increased due to its ability to achieve targeted delivery, ease of application, absence of gastrointestinal degradation or the first pass metabolism, and safety profile. This review focuses on the formulation components of nano-emulgel for topical drug delivery, pharmacokinetics and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahipal Reddy Donthi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd., 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8239703734
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Shafi O, Edirisinghe M, Brako F. Polysorbate enhanced progesterone loaded drug diffusion from macromolecular fibrous patches for applications in obstetrics and gynaecology. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Morris SA, Kasting GB, Ananthapadmanabhan K. Surfactant equilibria and its impact on penetration into stratum corneum. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Liu Y, Lunter DJ. Confocal Raman spectroscopy at different laser wavelengths in analyzing stratum corneum and skin penetration properties of mixed PEGylated emulsifier systems. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121561. [PMID: 35151816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Emulsifier mixtures are widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceutics and thus, brought extensive studies for their performances on skin applications. PEG-20cetyl ether (C20) is recently proposed to induce skin irritation and is of interest to study its skin interactions when mixed with other emulsifiers. PEG-2oleyl ether (O2) and PEG-20stearyl ether (S20) are selected and in specific, 50 mM of C20, O2, S20 as well as Mix1 (50 mM C20 mixed with 50 mM O2) and Mix2 (50 mM C20 mixed with 50 mM S20) solutions were applied on skin samples. Confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) analyses of stratum corneum (SC) thickness and SC lipid content were performed after 4 h skin treatments. In parallel, skin penetration properties were also evaluated via CRS by applying procaine solutions with/without emulsifiers on skin samples for 24 h. In terms of the CRS measurements, two excitation wavelengths of 532 nm and 785 nm are both utilized in this study and we secondly aimed to compare their results and suitability in SC and skin analyses. Based on the experimental observations, comparable results are obtained by using both excitation wavelengths of 532 nm and 785 nm demonstrating their suitability in analyzing SC and skin samples. Thereinto, 785 nm laser wavelength shows the advantage of deeper skin penetration and allows the measurements of fluorescent skin samples; 532 nm laser wavelength enables simple measurement performance without substrate and coverslip interference. With regards to the results of emulsifier mixtures, the addition of S20 and O2 reduced the skin interactions and penetration enhancing ability of C20, giving us the hint to build milder systems with emulsifier mixtures. Besides, the CRS results of stronger skin interruption were also correlated with the higher critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of emulsifiers and their mixtures, which may provide evidence in explaining the interactions between emulsifiers and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dominique Jasmin Lunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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5
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Abd-Elsalam WH, Ibrahim RR. Span 80/TPGS modified lipid-coated chitosan nanocomplexes of acyclovir as a topical delivery system for viral skin infections. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121214. [PMID: 34678396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acyclovir (ACR) is considered the gold standard drug for the treatment of skin viral infections caused by the herpes simplex or varicella-zoster virus. However, topical therapy with ACR is hindered by its poor skin penetrability, thus necessitating high doses and frequent administrations. This study was proposed to formulate a modified lipid-coated chitosan nanocomplexes (LCNCs) of acyclovir (ACR), containing span 80 and TPGS, to boost the dermal delivery of ACR and improve the therapeutic outcomes. LCNCs were formulated through a self-assembly method, and the statistical analysis and the optimization were performed via a general 23 factorial design. Three formulation variables were selected; namely, the amount of chitosan (A), the amount of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) (B), and span 80: D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin ETPGSorTPGS) ratio (C). Four measured attributes were determined; viz., the particle size (PS) in nm, the polydispersity index (PDI), the zeta potential (ZP) in mV, and the entrapment efficiency percentages (EE%). The optimal formulation (LCNCs 8), formulated with 600 mg chitosan, 120 mg GMO, and 3:1 span 80: TPGS ratio, possessed PS of 177.50 ± 1.41 nm, PDI value of 0.28 ± 0.02, ZP of -10.70 ± 0.85 mV, and EE% of 77.20 ± 2.40 %, and was able to sustain ACR release over 24 h. Transmission electron microscopy displayed LCNCs architecture as a polymeric core of chitosan with a lipid coat of GMO, and the solid-state characterization results confirmed the dispersion of ACR in LCNCs. The ex vivo permeation study and the in vivo dermatokinetics profile verified the boosted accumulation of ACR in the skin via LCNCs, while the confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the heightened penetrability of LCNCs. The topical application of LCNCs demonstrated a safe profile via the modified Draize test and histopathological examinations. Inclusively, ACR-loaded LCNCs could be a promising topical formulation with an advanced dermal delivery status for the treatment of skin viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam H Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reem R Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Candian University, 6 October, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan, Ain Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Morris SAV, Bobbitt JR, Ananthapadmanabhan KP, Kasting GB. The effect of prolonged exposure on sodium dodecyl sulfate penetration into human skin. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 77:105246. [PMID: 34562601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of prolonged surfactant exposure on mechanisms of anionic surfactant penetration into human skin. A radiolabeled probe (14-carbon sodium dodecyl sulfate (14C-SDS)) was used to trace the penetration of a model anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), into excised human skin and into an inert membrane composite in vitro. SDS dose varied from 0.03 to 15 mg/cm2, mimicking the exposure of a rinse-off cleanser on skin. Two surfactant exposure lengths were tested, 2 min and 5 h. SDS penetration into excised human skin was constant from 50 to 600 mM for skin samples exposed to SDS for 2 min. For skin samples exposed to SDS for 5 h, SDS penetration into skin increased log-linearly with increasing SDS concentration. SDS penetration into the inert membrane composite was constant from 50 to 600 mM SDS regardless of length of surfactant exposure. Penetration of the radiolabeled probe into skin and into the inert membrane correlated well with the monomeric concentration of the radiolabeled probe in the applied surfactant solution. These results support that monomer concentration is the driving force for initial SDS penetration into upper layers of the stratum corneum over a wide range of concentrations. With prolonged exposure, SDS penetrates the skin in a dose-dependent manner due to surfactant-induced damage to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A V Morris
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; L'Oreal USA, Research and Innovation, Clark, NJ 07066; USA.
| | - Jessica R Bobbitt
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106. USA.
| | - K P Ananthapadmanabhan
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
| | - Gerald B Kasting
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
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7
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Binding isotherms of surfactants used in detergent formulations to bovine serum albumin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Zhou C, Wang Y. Structure–activity relationship of cationic surfactants as antimicrobial agents. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Doshi G, Badagur A, Mathurvaishaya I. Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Elucidation and in vitro Cell Line Studies (Sulforhodamine B) on Niosomal Gel of Benincasa hispida. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Morris SAV, Ananthapadmanabhan KP, Kasting GB. Anionic Surfactant-Induced Changes in Skin Permeability. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3640-3648. [PMID: 31374320 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anionic surfactants compromise skin's barrier function by damaging stratum corneum lipids and proteins. The objective of this study was to examine anionic surfactant-induced changes in the skin's polar and transcellular pathways and the resulting impact on surfactant penetration into the skin. Three anionic surfactant formulations and one control formulation were each applied to split-thickness human cadaver skin in vitro for 24 h. Electrical conductivity of the skin, determined using a four-terminal resistance method, and water permeation across the skin, determined using a radiolabeled water tracer, were simultaneously measured at several points over the experimental period. Surfactant permeation across the skin was similarly measured using a radiolabeled sodium dodecyl sulfate tracer. Anionic surfactants rapidly enhanced skin electrical conductivity and water permeability in the excised human skin, resulting in nonlinear enhancements in surfactant permeation across the skin over time. Surfactant penetration into the skin was found to increase linearly with increasing surfactant monomer concentration. Surfactant zeta potential was found to correlate well with skin conductivity, water permeation across the skin, and surfactant permeation across the skin, particularly with long surfactant exposures. Micelle charge is a significant predictor of anionic surfactant-induced damage to the human skin, with more highly charged surfactants inducing the most damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A V Morris
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0004
| | | | - Gerald B Kasting
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0004.
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11
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Knoth D, Rincón-Fontán M, Stahr PL, Pelikh O, Eckert RW, Dietrich H, Cruz JM, Moldes AB, Keck CM. Evaluation of a biosurfactant extract obtained from corn for dermal application. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:225-236. [PMID: 31004716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is an increasing demand to improve the sustainability of surface-active compounds in dermal formulations. Biosurfactants, which are derived from living cells, are considered to be more environmentally friendly than synthetic surfactants. Thus, the use of biosurfactants is a promising strategy for the formulation of more environmentally friendly and sustainable dermal products. In this work, a biosurfactant extract (BS) obtained from corn wet-milling industry was studied for its potential use in dermal formulations. The corn derived BS possesses good surface-active properties and was found to be a suitable co-stabilizer for nanoemulsions and nanocrystals for dermal application. It also possesses antioxidative and skin protective properties and was also able to increase the dermal penetration efficacy for lipophilic actives. In dermal formulations the BS can therefore be used as co-stabilizer with antioxidative and penetration enhancing properties at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Knoth
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - M Rincón-Fontán
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering - Módulo Tecnológico Industrial (MTI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - P-L Stahr
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - O Pelikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - R-W Eckert
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - H Dietrich
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - J M Cruz
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering - Módulo Tecnológico Industrial (MTI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - A B Moldes
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering - Módulo Tecnológico Industrial (MTI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - C M Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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12
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Drug-in-micelles-in-liposomes (DiMiL) systems as a novel approach to prevent drug leakage from deformable liposomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 130:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Ade-Browne C, Dawn A, Mirzamani M, Qian S, Kumari H. Differential behavior of sodium laurylsulfate micelles in the presence of nonionic polymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 544:276-283. [PMID: 30852353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Theory and practice have proven that the cleansing properties and irritation potential of surfactants can be controlled with the addition of co-surfactants or polymers. The size of the surfactant-polymer nanoassembly, which differs from the pure surfactant micelle, has been postulated to be the cause of the differences in a surfactant system's ability to disrupt the skin barrier. However, a firm structure-function relationship connecting polymer and surfactant under a consumer relevant condition is yet to be established. It is therefore hypothesized that apart from the size, the shape and the chemical nature of the polymer might play crucial roles. EXPERIMENTS We used combined small-angle neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, tensiometry, and dye solubilization methods to investigate the shape, size, and intermolecular interactions involved in sodium laurylsulfate-based systems in the presence of two industrially important and chemically distinct polymers, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol, adopting a consumer relevant protocol. FINDINGS Apart from size, shape and inter-micellar interactions fine-tuned by the presence of the polymers are found to be the important factors. Secondly, the physicochemical property of the polymer including chemical structure, conformation, hydrophilicity, presence of side groups, all can have crucial influence on polymer-surfactant interaction, micelle formation, and micelle stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Ade-Browne
- James Winkle College of Pharmacy, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA
| | - Arnab Dawn
- James Winkle College of Pharmacy, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA
| | - Marzieh Mirzamani
- James Winkle College of Pharmacy, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA
| | - Shuo Qian
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Harshita Kumari
- James Winkle College of Pharmacy, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
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Morris SAV, Thompson RT, Glenn RW, Ananthapadmanabhan KP, Kasting GB. Mechanisms of anionic surfactant penetration into human skin: Investigating monomer, micelle and submicellar aggregate penetration theories. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:55-66. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. V. Morris
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio 45267-0004 USA
| | - Ryan T. Thompson
- Research & Development Department; The Procter & Gamble Company; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Robert W. Glenn
- Research & Development Department; The Procter & Gamble Company; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | | | - Gerald B. Kasting
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio 45267-0004 USA
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Abd-Elsalam WH, El-Zahaby SA, Al-Mahallawi AM. Formulation and in vivo assessment of terconazole-loaded polymeric mixed micelles enriched with Cremophor EL as dual functioning mediator for augmenting physical stability and skin delivery. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:484-492. [PMID: 29411650 PMCID: PMC6058577 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1436098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to formulate terconazole (TCZ) loaded polymeric mixed micelles (PMMs) incorporating Cremophor EL as a stabilizer and a penetration enhancer. A 23 full factorial design was performed using Design-Expert® software for the optimization of the PMMs which were formulated using Pluronic P123 and Pluronic F127 together with Cremophor EL. To confirm the role of Cremophor EL, PMMs formulation lacking Cremophor EL was prepared for the purpose of comparison. Results showed that the optimal PMMs formulation (F7, where the ratio of total Pluronics to drug was 40:1, the weight ratio of Pluronic P123 to Pluronic F127 was 4:1, and the percentage of Cremophor EL in aqueous phase was 5%) had a high micellar incorporation efficiency (92.98 ± 0.40%) and a very small micellar size (33.23 ± 8.00 nm). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that PMMs possess spherical shape and good dispersibility. The optimal PMMs exhibited superior physical stability when compared with the PMMs formulation of the same composition but lacking Cremophor EL. Ex vivo studies demonstrated that the optimal PMMs formula markedly improved the dermal TCZ delivery compared to PMMs lacking Cremophor EL and TCZ suspension. In addition, it was found that the optimal PMMs exhibited a greater extent of TCZ deposition in the rat dorsal skin relative to TCZ suspension. Moreover, histopathological studies revealed the safety of the optimal PMMs upon topical application to rats. Consequently, PMMs enriched with Cremophor EL, as a stable nano-system, could be promising for the skin delivery of TCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam H. Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Sally A. El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz M. Al-Mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;
- CONTACT Abdulaziz M. Al-mahallawiFaculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street11562, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Seweryn A. Interactions between surfactants and the skin - Theory and practice. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 256:242-255. [PMID: 29685575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary causes of skin irritation is the use of body wash cosmetics and household chemicals, since they are in direct contact with the skin, and they are widely available and frequently used. The main ingredients of products of this type are surfactants, which may have diverse effects on the skin. The skin irritation potential of surfactants is determined by their chemical and physical properties resulting from their structure, and specific interactions with the skin. Surfactants are capable of interacting both with proteins and lipids in the stratum corneum. By penetrating through this layer, surfactants are also able to affect living cells in deeper regions of the skin. Further skin penetration may result in damage to cell membranes and structural components of keratinocytes, releasing proinflammatory mediators. By causing irreversible changes in cell structure, surfactants can often lead to their death. The paper presents a critical review of literature on the effects of surfactants on the skin. Aspects discussed in the paper include the skin irritation potential of surfactants, mechanisms underlying interactions between compounds of this type and the skin which have been proposed over the years, and verified methods of reducing the skin irritation potential of surfactant compounds. Basic research conducted in this field over many years translate into practical applications of surfactants in the cosmetic and household chemical industries. This aspect is also emphasized in the present study.
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17
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Ali A, Ansari NH, Farooq U, Tasneem S, Nabi F. Study of Intermolecular Interactions of CTAB with Amino Acids at Different Temperatures: A Multi Technique Approach. Z PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2017-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The densities, ρ, viscosities, η and specific conductivities κ, of (0.0002, 0.0004, 0.0006 and 0.0008 m) CTAB in 0.1 m aqueous valine, leucine and isoleucine were measured at different temperatures. The measured data were used to calculate various useful thermodynamic parameters. A complete characterization of any mixture can be performed by means of these thermodynamic properties. The apparent molar volume, ϕv
, partial molar volume,
ϕ
v
0
$\phi _v^0$
and partial molar isobaric expansibilities,
ϕ
E
0
,
$\phi _E^0,$
were calculated using density data. The viscosity data were analyzed using Jones–Dole equation to obtain viscosity coefficients, A- and B-, free energy of activation per mole of solvent, Δμ
1°∗, and solute, Δμ
2°∗, enthalpy, ΔH
∗ and entropy, ΔS
∗ of activation of viscous flow. Measuring the changes in these properties has been found to be an excellent qualitative and quantitative way to obtain information regarding the molecular structure and intermolecular interactions occurring in these mixtures. Various structure-making/breaking ability of solute (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) in presence of aqueous amino acid solutions were discussed. In addition, fluorescence study using pyrene as a photophysical probe has been carried out, the results of which support the conclusions obtained from other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ali
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Nizamul Haque Ansari
- Department of Chemistry , Arni School of Basic Sciences , Arni University , Kathgarh, Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Ummer Farooq
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Shadma Tasneem
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Applied Medical Science , Jazan University , Jazan P.O. Box 114 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdosa Nabi
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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18
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Abd-Elsalam WH, El-Zahaby SA, Al-Mahallawi AM. Formulation and in vivo assessment of terconazole-loaded polymeric mixed micelles enriched with Cremophor EL as dual functioning mediator for augmenting physical stability and skin delivery. Drug Deliv 2018. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2018.1436098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wessam H. Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally A. El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz M. Al-Mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Okasaka M, Kubota K, Yamasaki E, Yang J, Takata S. Evaluation of anionic surfactants effects on the skin barrier function based on skin permeability. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:99-104. [PMID: 29323614 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1425885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anionic surfactants are often used for cleaning and pharmaceutical purposes because of their strong surfactancy and foaming property. However, they are rarely ingested orally, the skin is a part of the human body most affected by surfactants. Barrier function of the skin is very strong, but the anionic surfactants can cause serious damages to it. Recently, amino acid-based surfactants have attracted attention as a safer option owing to their biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity examinations revealed that the amino acid-based surfactants are superior to sulfate-based surfactants. However, a systematical and comprehensive study related to the effect of these surfactants on skin barrier function has not yet been reported. In this work, skin permeation test using the skin of hairless mice and HPLC method is carried out. The material transmission speed through skin in a steady state was different between each surfactant treatment. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the effect of surfactants on skin barrier function and defined Transmission Index as an index for the degree of effect of surfactants. Glutamate series amino acid-based surfactant were effective to Transmission Index and we guessed the cause was due to adsorption. Based on the finding this study, we suggest using adsorptive property as a measure to the effect on the skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Okasaka
- a Department of Fashion and Beauty Sciences , Osaka Shoin Women's University , Higashiosaka-shi , Osaka , Japan.,b Division in Beauty and Fashion Studies, Graduate School of Human Sciences , Osaka Shoin Women's University , Higashiosaka-shi , Osaka , Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- c Department of Pharmacy , Iwaki Meisei University , Iwaki-shi , Fukushima , Japan.,d Department of Pharmacy , Yasuda Women's University , Hiroshima-shi , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Emi Yamasaki
- e Beauty Hi-tech Innovation Co., Ltd , Kobe-shi , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- e Beauty Hi-tech Innovation Co., Ltd , Kobe-shi , Hyogo , Japan.,f Asian Scalp Health Research Center , Kobe-shi , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Sadaki Takata
- a Department of Fashion and Beauty Sciences , Osaka Shoin Women's University , Higashiosaka-shi , Osaka , Japan.,b Division in Beauty and Fashion Studies, Graduate School of Human Sciences , Osaka Shoin Women's University , Higashiosaka-shi , Osaka , Japan
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20
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Zhou C, Wang D, Cao M, Chen Y, Liu Z, Wu C, Xu H, Wang S, Wang Y. Self-Aggregation, Antibacterial Activity, and Mildness of Cyclodextrin/Cationic Trimeric Surfactant Complexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30811-30823. [PMID: 27798831 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite efficacious antimicrobial activity, cationic oligomeric surfactants show strong skin irritation potential due to their larger cationic charge numbers and multiple hydrophobic chains. This work reports that the incorporation of α-, β-, and γ-CDs with different cavity sizes can effectively improve the mildness of cationic ammonium trimeric surfactant DTAD with a star-shaped spacer while maintaining its high antibacterial activity. On the basis of the different cavity sizes of CDs and the asymmetry in the spacer of DTAD, the CD/DTAD mixtures form α-CD@DTAD, 2α-CD@DTAD, β-CD@DTAD, and γ-CD@DTAD complexes. Compared to DTAD, these CD/DTAD complexes show much stronger self-assembly ability with much lower critical aggregation concentrations (CAC) and form more diverse aggregates with reduced zeta potential. Just above their CACs, the CD/DTAD complexes form vesicles or solid spherical aggregates of ∼50 nm and then transform into small micelles of ∼10 nm as the concentration increases. The strong self-assembly ability and the multiple sites of hydrogen bonds of the CD/DTAD complexes endow them with high antibacterial activity against E. coli, showing a very low minimum inhibitory concentration (2.22-2.48 μM) comparable to that of DTAD. In particular, the addition of CDs significantly reduces the abilities of DTAD in solubilizing zein (a skin model protein) and in binding with zein, and the mildness decreases in the order of 2α-CD@DTAD > β-CD@DTAD > γ-CD@DTAD > α-CD@DTAD. This tendency depends on their different self-assembling structures, and the formation of vesicles is approved to be in favor of the improvement of the mildness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiwen Cao
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxian Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Xu
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yilin Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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21
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Submicellar aggregates in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulphate solutions: Investigations by dynamic light scattering and water penetration through porous media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Chen Y, Ji X, Han Y, Wang Y. Self-Assembly of Oleyl Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methyl Ammonium Bromide with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Their Interactions with Zein. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8212-8221. [PMID: 27452480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface tension and aggregation behavior in an aqueous solution of the mixture of cationic surfactant oleyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium bromide (OHAB) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been studied by surface tension, conductivity, turbidity, zeta potential, isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM), and dynamic light scattering. The mixture shows pretty low critical micellar concentration and surface tension, and successively forms globular micelles, unilamellar vesicles, multilamellar vesicles, rod-like micelles, and globular micelles again by increasing the molar fraction of OHAB from 0 to 1.00. The cooperation of hydrophobic interaction between the alkyl chains, electrostatic attraction between the headgroups as well as hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyethyl groups leads to the abundant aggregation behaviors. Furthermore, the solubilization of zein by the OHAB/SDS aggregates and their interactions were studied by ITC, total organic carbon analysis (TOC), and Cryo-TEM. Compared with pure OHAB or pure SDS solution, the amount of zein solubilized by the OHAB/SDS mixture is significantly reduced. It means that the mixtures have much stronger abilities in solubilizing zein. This result has also been proved by the observed enthalpy changes for the interaction of OHAB/SDS mixture with zein. Mixing oppositely charged OHAB and SDS reduces the net charge of mixed aggregates, and thus, the electrostatic attraction between the aggregates and zein is weakened. Meanwhile, the large size of the aggregates may increase the steric repulsion to the zein backbone. This work reveals that surfactant mixtures with larger aggregates and smaller CMCs solubilize less zein, suggesting how to construct a highly efficient and nonirritant surfactant system for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Ji
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Han
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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23
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Cai X, Patel T, Woods A, Mesquida P, Jones S. Investigating the influence of drug aggregation on the percutaneous penetration rate of tetracaine when applying low doses of the agent topically to the skin. Int J Pharm 2016; 502:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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The molecular assembly of the ionic liquid/aliphatic carboxylic acid/aliphatic amine as effective and safety transdermal permeation enhancers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 86:75-83. [PMID: 26965004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In spite of numerous advantages, transdermal drug delivery systems are unfeasible for most drugs because of the barrier effect of the stratum corneum. Ionic liquids were recently used to enhance transdermal drug delivery by improving drug solubility. In the present study, safe and effective ionic liquids for transdermal absorption were obtained as salts generated by a neutralization reaction between highly biocompatible aliphatic carboxylic acids (octanoic acid or isostearic acid) and aliphatic amines (diisopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine) (Medrx Co., Ltd., 2009). The mechanism of skin permeability enhancement by ionic liquids was investigated by hydrophilic phenol red and hydrophobic tulobuterol. Further, the skin permeation enhancing effect was remarkably superior in the acid excess state rather than the neutralization state. Infrared absorption spectrum analysis confirmed that ionic liquids/aliphatic carboxylic acid/aliphatic amine are coexisting at all mixing states. In the acid excess state, ionic liquids interact with aliphatic carboxylic acids via hydrogen bonds. Thus, the skin permeation enhancing effect is not caused by the ionic liquid alone. The "liquid salt mixture," referred to as a complex of ingredients coexisting with ionic liquids, forms a molecular assembly incorporating hydrophilic drug. This molecular assembly was considered an effective and safety enhancer of transdermal drug permeation.
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Yuan C, Wang XM, Yang LJ, Wu PL. Tranexamic acid accelerates skin barrier recovery and upregulates occludin in damaged skin. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:959-65. [PMID: 23967870 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yuan
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic Research; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - Xue-Min Wang
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic Research; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - Li-Jie Yang
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic Research; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - Pei-Lan Wu
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic Research; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital; Shanghai China
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26
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Mao G, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Walters RM. Imaging the distribution of sodium dodecyl sulfate in skin by confocal Raman and infrared microspectroscopy. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2189-201. [PMID: 22477073 PMCID: PMC3399083 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To image SDS distribution across different skin regions, to compare the permeability difference between porcine and human skin, and to evaluate the interaction between SDS and skin. Methods Full thickness porcine and human skin was treated with acyl chain perdeuterated SDS (SDS-d25) at room temperature and at 34 °C for 3, 24 and 40 h. SDS distribution in skin was monitored by confocal Raman and IR microspectroscopic imaging. Permeation profiles of SDS-d25 in skin were derived from the band intensities of the CD2 stretching vibrations. The interaction between SDS and skin was monitored through the CH2 and CD2 stretching frequencies and the Amide I and II spectral region. Results SDS-d25 penetrates both porcine and human skin in a time and temperature-dependent manner, with slightly higher permeability through the stratum corneum (SC) in porcine skin. When SDS permeates into the SC, its chains are more ordered compared to SDS micelles. The secondary structure of keratin in the SC is not affected by SDS-d25. Conclusion The spatial distribution of SDS-d25 in skin was obtained for the first time. Infrared microscopic imaging provides unique opportunities to measure concentration profiles of exogenous materials in skin and offers insights to interaction between permeants and skin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0748-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mao
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., 199 Grandview Rd., Skillman, New Jersey 08558-9418, USA.
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