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Dillon FR, Ertl MM, Eklund AC, Westbrook J, Balek G, Algarin A, Martin J, Sánchez FJ, Ebersole R. Sexual Identity Development and Social Ecological Facilitators and Barriers of PrEP Uptake and Adherence Among Latinx Men Who Have Sex with Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1197-1211. [PMID: 38212437 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Latinx gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (LMSM) report lower pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use than their white, non-Latinx counterparts. We hypothesize that this disparity is partially attributable to social ecological factors that can be addressed via prevention interventions. In this retrospective study, we first examined data from 253 LMSM to determine whether theorized associations existed between acquisition of a PrEP prescription (uptake) in relation to several social ecological factors based on a conceptual framework of determinants of access to and uptake of PrEP for LMSM. We also explored relations between frequency of PrEP use (adherence) and social ecological factors with a subsample of 33 LMSM who had initiated PrEP 12 months prior to assessment. In this study, individual-level factors from this framework included age and socioeconomic status. Perceived access to medical care represented both individual- and community-level determinants of PrEP uptake and adherence. Interpersonal-level factors were social support and relationship status. Structural/cultural-level factors were sexual identity development status, the masculinity norm of heterosexual self-presentation, traditional Latinx masculine gender role beliefs of machismo and caballerismo, racial identity, and immigration status. Results indicated that older men and those who endorsed the synthesis/integration status of sexual identity development were more likely to acquire a PrEP prescription during their lifetime in comparison to peers. PrEP adherence was linked with being older, reporting higher socioeconomic status, reporting more appraisal social support, self-identifying as white-Latinx, being U.S.-born, and endorsing less sexual identity uncertainty and more heterosexual self-presentation. Results specify modifiable factors that may inform tailored, community-based prevention efforts to increase PrEP use and decrease existing HIV/AIDS disparities among LMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Dillon
- School of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, 446 Payne Hall, MC-0811, Tempe, AZ, 85287-0811, USA.
| | - Melissa M Ertl
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Austin C Eklund
- Department of Educational & Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jaelen Westbrook
- School of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, 446 Payne Hall, MC-0811, Tempe, AZ, 85287-0811, USA
| | - Gabrielle Balek
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Angel Algarin
- School of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, 446 Payne Hall, MC-0811, Tempe, AZ, 85287-0811, USA
| | - Jessica Martin
- Department of Educational & Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Francisco J Sánchez
- School of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, 446 Payne Hall, MC-0811, Tempe, AZ, 85287-0811, USA
| | - Ryan Ebersole
- Department of Educational & Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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2
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Padilla M, Luna-Gierke RE, Carree T, Gutierrez M, Yuan X, Dasgupta S. Racial Differences in Social Determinants of Health and Outcomes Among Hispanic/Latino Persons with HIV-United States, 2015-2020. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:574-588. [PMID: 36826779 PMCID: PMC10447624 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanic/Latino people with HIV (PWH) experience disparities in health outcomes compared with other racial and ethnic groups. Disaggregated data based on race for Hispanic/Latino PWH in the United States are rarely reported, potentially masking inequities. METHODS The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a complex sample survey of adults with diagnosed HIV. We used weighted interview and medical record data collected from June 2015-May 2021 to examine differences in social determinants of health (SDH) and health outcomes by self-reported race among Hispanic/Latino adults with diagnosed HIV. RESULTS Compared with White Hispanic/Latino PWH, Black Hispanic/Latino PWH were more likely to be unemployed (PR, 1.4; CI, 1.2-1.8), have a disability (PR, 1.3; CI, 1.2-1.5), have experienced homelessness (PR, 1.8; CI, 1.2-2.6), and have been incarcerated (PR, 2.6; CI, 1.5-4.5). American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) (PR, 1.8; CI, 1.1-2.7) and multiracial (PR, 2.0; CI, 1.4-2.9) Hispanic/Latino PWH were more likely to have experienced homelessness than White Hispanic/Latino PWH. Black (PR, 1.3; CI, 1.2-1.5) and multiracial (PR, 1.2; CI, 1.1-1.5) Hispanic/Latino PWH were more likely to be virally unsuppressed than White Hispanic/Latino PWH. CONCLUSION Black, multiracial, and AI/AN Hispanic/Latino PWH experience disparities in SDH and HIV outcomes. Lumping Hispanic/Latino people into one racial and ethnic category obscures health disparities, which might limit our progress towards reaching national HIV goals. Future studies should consider disaggregating by other factors such as Hispanic origin, place of birth, immigration status, and primary language. Doing so recognizes the diversity of the Hispanic/Latino population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Padilla
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- DHAP/NCHHSTP/CDC, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS E-46, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Ruth E Luna-Gierke
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mariana Gutierrez
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xin Yuan
- DLH Corporation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharoda Dasgupta
- Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Martín-Iguacel R, Pericas C, Bruguera A, Rosell G, Martínez E, Díaz Y, Alonso L, Nomah DK, Blanco JL, Domingo P, Álvarez-López P, Linares MS, Vilades Laborda C, Mera A, Calzado Isbert S, Johansen IS, Miró JM, Casabona J, Llibre JM. Mpox: Clinical Outcomes and Impact of Vaccination in People with and without HIV: A Population-Wide Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2701. [PMID: 38004713 PMCID: PMC10673392 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated differences in mpox clinical outcomes in people with HIV (PWH) and without HIV (PWoH) and the impact of vaccination in Catalonia, Spain. We used surveillance data and the PISCIS HIV cohort. We included all confirmed mpox cases (May-December 2022). Of 2122 mpox cases, the majority had mild disease, 56% were Spanish, and 24% were from Latin America. A total of 40% were PWH, with a median CD4+T-cell of 715 cells/μL; 83% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL; and 1.8% CD4+T-cell < 200 cells/μL. PWH had no increased risk for complications, except those with CD4+T-cell < 200 cells/μL. PWH with CD4+T-cell < 200 cells/μL were more likely to be from Latin America, had more generalized exanthema, and required hospitalization more frequently (p = 0.001). Diagnosis of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was common, both at mpox diagnosis (17%) and two years before (43%). Dose-sparing smallpox intradermal vaccination was accompanied by a sharp decrease in mpox incidence in both populations (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, unless immunosuppressed, PWH were not at increased risk of severe disease or hospitalization. Mpox is a marker of high-risk sexual behavior and was associated with high HIV and STI rates, supporting the need for screening in all mpox cases. Ethnicity disparities demonstrate the need for interventions to ensure equitable healthcare access. Dose-sparing smallpox vaccination retained effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martín-Iguacel
- Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.B.); (Y.D.); (L.A.); (D.K.N.); (J.C.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Carles Pericas
- Epidemiology Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andreu Bruguera
- Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.B.); (Y.D.); (L.A.); (D.K.N.); (J.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Gemma Rosell
- Subdirecció General de Vigilància i Resposta a Alertes i Emergències de Salut Pública—ASPCAT, Teià, Cataluña, Spain;
| | - Erica Martínez
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Subdirecció General de Vigilància i Resposta a Alertes i Emergències de Salut Pública—ASPCAT, Teià, Cataluña, Spain;
| | - Yesika Díaz
- Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.B.); (Y.D.); (L.A.); (D.K.N.); (J.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Alonso
- Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.B.); (Y.D.); (L.A.); (D.K.N.); (J.C.)
- Fight Infections Foundation, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Kwakye Nomah
- Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.B.); (Y.D.); (L.A.); (D.K.N.); (J.C.)
- Fundació Institut D’investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Blanco
- Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.B.)
| | - Pere Domingo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Patricia Álvarez-López
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de la Vall d’Hebron, 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Maria Saumoy Linares
- HIV and STD Unit, Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Consuelo Vilades Laborda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Tarragona Juan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa Mera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Palamós, 17230 Girona, Spain;
| | - Sonia Calzado Isbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Isik Somuncu Johansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - José M. Miró
- Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.B.); (Y.D.); (L.A.); (D.K.N.); (J.C.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Palamós, 17230 Girona, Spain;
| | - Josep M. Llibre
- Fight Infections Foundation, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
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Kota KK, Hong J, Zelaya C, Riser AP, Rodriguez A, Weller DL, Spicknall IH, Kriss JL, Lee F, Boersma P, Hurley E, Hicks P, Wilkins C, Chesson H, Concepción-Acevedo J, Ellington S, Belay E, Mermin J. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mpox Cases and Vaccination Among Adult Males - United States, May-December 2022. MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2023; 72:398-403. [PMID: 37053122 PMCID: PMC10121252 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7215a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
As of December 31, 2022, a total of 29,939 monkeypox (mpox) cases* had been reported in the United States, 93.3% of which occurred in adult males. During May 10-December 31, 2022, 723,112 persons in the United States received the first dose in a 2-dose mpox (JYNNEOS)† vaccination series; 89.7% of these doses were administered to males (1). The current mpox outbreak has disproportionately affected gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and racial and ethnic minority groups (1,2). To examine racial and ethnic disparities in mpox incidence and vaccination rates, rate ratios (RRs) for incidence and vaccination rates and vaccination-to-case ratios were calculated, and trends in these measures were assessed among males aged ≥18 years (males) (3). Incidence in males in all racial and ethnic minority groups except non-Hispanic Asian (Asian) males was higher than that among non-Hispanic White (White) males. At the peak of the outbreak in August 2022, incidences among non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) and Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) males were higher than incidence among White males (RR = 6.9 and 4.1, respectively). Overall, vaccination rates were higher among males in racial and ethnic minority groups than among White males. However, the vaccination-to-case ratio was lower among Black (8.8) and Hispanic (16.2) males than among White males (42.5) during the full analytic period, indicating that vaccination rates among Black and Hispanic males were not proportionate to the elevated incidence rates (i.e., these groups had a higher unmet vaccination need). Efforts to increase vaccination among Black and Hispanic males might have resulted in the observed relative increased rates of vaccination; however, these increases were only partially successful in reducing overall incidence disparities. Continued implementation of equity-based vaccination strategies is needed to further increase vaccination rates and reduce the incidence of mpox among all racial and ethnic groups. Recent modeling data (4) showing that, based on current vaccination coverage levels, many U.S. jurisdictions are vulnerable to resurgent mpox outbreaks, underscore the need for continued vaccination efforts, particularly among racial and ethnic minority groups.
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Xavier Hall CD, Feinstein BA, Rusie L, Phillips Ii G, Beach LB. Race and Sexual Identity Differences in PrEP Continuum Outcomes Among Latino Men in a Large Chicago Area Healthcare Network. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:1943-1955. [PMID: 34993667 PMCID: PMC8736294 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
U.S. HIV incidence is threefold higher among Latino individuals than non-Latino Whites. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake remains low among Latino men. Most HIV studies view Latino communities as a monolithic group, ignoring racial and sexual diversity. This analysis examines PrEP-related outcomes including eligibility, first prescription, and second prescription across race and sexual identity in a sample of Latino cisgender men (n = 8271) who sought services from a healthcare network in Chicago in 2012-2019. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios. Latino-only participants had lower odds of PrEP eligibility and first prescription compared to White-Latino participants. No other significant differences by race were detected. While bisexual participants had equivalent odds of PrEP eligibility, they had lower odds of first PrEP prescription compared to gay participants. Heterosexual participants also had lower odds of PrEP eligibility and initiation. Future research should address unique factors shaping PrEP-related outcomes among diverse Latino populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey D Xavier Hall
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Brian A Feinstein
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Gregory Phillips Ii
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL, USA
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Parchem B, Aguayo-Romero RA, Alizaga NM, Poppen PJ, Cecilia Zea M. Sexual Role Identity and Anal Sex Positioning among Brazilian, Colombian, and Dominican Immigrant Sexual Minority Men. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:632-642. [PMID: 34080929 PMCID: PMC8639841 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1922574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sexual role identities for anal sex and anal sex positionings are often conflated in research. This study aimed to identify profiles of sexual minority men based on sexual role identity and anal sex positioning and determine correlates of these profiles, including individual (i.e., HIV-status identity, condom use, partner type, sexual orientation) and cultural (i.e., same-race partnering, country of birth, acculturation) factors. A sample of Brazilian, Colombian, and Dominican immigrant sexual minority men (n = 480) living in New York City were surveyed about identity and positioning at the two most recent encounters. Individual and cultural factors were examined as correlates of profiles identified through latent class analysis. Four latent classes were identified: No Labels (12%), Receptive Bottoms (16%), Insertive Tops (23%), Insertive and Receptive Versatiles (49%). We found a concordance rate of ~70% between identity and behavior. A proportion (12%) of behaviorally versatile men chose not to use sexual role labels. Living with HIV was associated with receptive and versatile classes, sex with main partners was associated with versatility, and sexual orientation differed across classes. Identity and behavior should not be used interchangeably in research or applied domains, particularly given the complexities of versatility and men who prefer to not use labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Parchem
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Rodrigo A. Aguayo-Romero
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital/ Harvard Medical School/ The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Paul J. Poppen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Maria Cecilia Zea
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Kimball AA, Torrone EA, Bernstein KT, Grey JA, Bowen VB, Rickless DS, Learner ER. Predicting Emergence of Primary and Secondary Syphilis Among Women of Reproductive Age in US Counties. Sex Transm Dis 2022; 49:177-183. [PMID: 34694275 PMCID: PMC10955329 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection that can cause severe congenital disease when not treated during pregnancy, is on the rise in the United States. Our objective was to identify US counties with elevated risk for emergence of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis among women of reproductive age. METHODS Using syphilis case reports, we identified counties with no cases of P&S syphilis among women of reproductive age in 2017 and 1 case or more in 2018. Using county-level syphilis and sociodemographic data, we developed a model to predict counties with emergence of P&S syphilis among women and a risk score to identify counties at elevated risk. RESULTS Of 2451 counties with no cases of P&S syphilis among women of reproductive age in 2017, 345 counties (14.1%) had documented emergence of syphilis in 2018. Emergence was predicted by the county's P&S syphilis rate among men; violent crime rate; proportions of Black, White, Asian, and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander persons; urbanicity; presence of a metropolitan area; population size; and having a neighboring county with P&S syphilis among women. A risk score of 20 or more identified 75% of counties with emergence. CONCLUSIONS Jurisdictions can identify counties at elevated risk for emergence of syphilis in women and tailor prevention efforts. Prevention of syphilis requires multidisciplinary collaboration to address underlying social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A. Kimball
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elizabeth A. Torrone
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kyle T. Bernstein
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeremy A. Grey
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Virginia B. Bowen
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - David S. Rickless
- Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Emily R. Learner
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Cassels S, Van Den Abbeele S. A call for epidemic modeling to examine historical and structural drivers of racial disparities in infectious disease. Soc Sci Med 2021; 276:113833. [PMID: 33812725 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since this is a commentary, there is no abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Cassels
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060, United States.
| | - Sigrid Van Den Abbeele
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060, United States
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PrEP4Love: The Role of Messaging and Prevention Advocacy in PrEP Attitudes, Perceptions, and Uptake Among YMSM and Transgender Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 83:450-456. [PMID: 31939870 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high efficacy, use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains low among young men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW), primarily because of barriers such as stigma and resource awareness. We evaluated a social marketing campaign known as PrEP4Love that works to eliminate PrEP stigma; and awareness gaps through targeted advertising. SETTING Chicago, Illinois. METHODS Participants were enrolled within a cohort study of young MSM and TW (RADAR). Data were collected between June 2017 and April 2018 from HIV-negative individuals attending a follow-up visit. Surveys assessed demographics, PrEP attitudes and perceptions, and PrEP4Love campaign awareness. Associations between PrEP4Love awareness and PrEP perceptions, uptake, and behaviors were assessed using multiple logistic regression controlling for age, race/ethnicity, gender, sexual identity, and ever having used PrEP. RESULTS Of 700 participants, the majority (75.9%) indicated seeing PrEP4Love ads in Chicago. Those who had seen ads were more likely to be out to their providers (odds ratio = 1.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.17 to 3.23) than those who had not, and those who had conversations were significantly more likely to have initiated the conversation themselves. Individuals who had seen ads were more likely to have taken PrEP in the last 6 months (odds ratio = 1.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.15 to 3.16) and more likely to believe their friends and the general public approved of and used PrEP. CONCLUSION Social marketing campaigns are promising interventions that have the potential to alleviate barriers to HIV prevention, particularly among MSM and TW. Future research should evaluate the impact of these initiatives at multiple time points.
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