1
|
Sørensen OH, Bjørner J, Holtermann A, Dyreborg J, Sørli JB, Kristiansen J, Nielsen SB. Measuring societal impact of research—Developing and validating an impact instrument for occupational health and safety. RESEARCH EVALUATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/reseval/rvab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Research funders and policymakers increasingly focus on societal benefits of their investments in research. Research institutions thus face increasing pressure to demonstrate their societal impact to prove their legitimacy and worth. To this end, research institutions need reliable, quantitative methods to measure societal impact. This article describes the development and test of an instrument to quantitatively measure societal impact of applied research at research institution and program levels. It demonstrates the successful validation of the instrument in the multi-disciplinary field of occupational health and safety. The instrument, the Societal Impact Instrument: Occupational Health and Safety Research (SII:OHSR), produces an aggregate measure of societal impact for the research institution as a whole and subscales for each research program. The SII:OHSR instrument is built on a process model of knowledge translation and exchange. It has been developed in the context of multi-disciplinary occupational health and safety research. The instrument is constructed as a generalized and context-independent tool that can be relocated to other research domains and languages. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first singular instrument that quantitatively measures societal impact. It is therefore highly pertinent for the research evaluation field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Henning Sørensen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bjørner
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Johnny Dyreborg
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Jorid Birkelund Sørli
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kristiansen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Steffen Bohni Nielsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cluster Randomized Trial: Sun Protection Intervention 'Clever in Sun and Shade for Preschools'-Effectiveness and Dissemination. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8080651. [PMID: 34438542 PMCID: PMC8391804 DOI: 10.3390/children8080651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and UV radiation is one of the main risk factors. Therefore, sun protection, especially in childhood, is strongly recommended. We examined the effectiveness of the ‘Clever in Sun and Shade for Preschools’ program (CLEVER) in promoting sun protection behavior among preschool staff (trial registration: DRKS00023468) and describe its dissemination. Within a cluster randomized trial with 24 preschools (n = 273 staff members) stating a high need for sun protection measures, an educational workshop for preschool staff and a project kit with materials applicable in preschool groups was provided. Staff members of preschools taking part in CLEVER report significantly stronger sun protection behavior to avoid the sun (effect size [ES] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 0.71, p < 0.05) and less perceived impediments to avoid the sun (ES −0.56, CI −0.82 −0.17, p < 0.01) after 12 months as well as higher self-efficacy to avoid the sun (ES 1.09, CI 0.39 1.07, p < 0.001) and to use sunscreen (ES 0.71, CI 0.03 0.88, p < 0.05) after 1 month. Compared to the control group, there was no significant effect on sunscreen use and further psychosocial outcomes. The effectiveness of CLEVER may be underrated due to a high drop-out rate. Within three years, an enhanced free-of-charge program kit, including a media-based workshop and materials, had reached over 4000 preschools, i.e., 7.1% of all daycare centers in Germany. The results show that CLEVER can strengthen sun protection, offer high-quality information at low cost, and is easily disseminable.
Collapse
|
3
|
The "Haves, Have Some, and Have Nots:" a Latent Profile Analysis of Capacity, Quality, and Implementation in Community-Based Afterschool Programs. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 22:971-985. [PMID: 34191244 PMCID: PMC8458217 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Implementation of evidence-based practices is a critical factor in whether afterschool programs are successful in having a positive impact upon risk reduction and positive youth development. However, important prevention research reveals that contextual and organizational factors can affect implementation (Bradshaw & Pas in School Psychology Review, 40, 530–548, 2011) (Flaspohler et al., in American Journal of Community Psychology, 50(3-4), 271-281, 2012) (Gottfredson et al., Prevention Science, 3, 43–56, 2002) (McIntosh et al., Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 18(4), 209-218, 2016) (Payne in Prevention Science, 10, 151–167, 2009). Using a latent profile approach (LPA), this paper examines multiple organizational and neighborhood contextual factors that might affect the degree to which afterschool programs effectively implement evidence-based practices in the context of a cluster-randomized trial of the Paxis Good Behavior Game (PaxGBG). The Interactive Systems Framework (ISF) explores dimensions of capacity that might matter for prevention efforts. As expected, we found that well-resourced and high-quality programs performed well in terms of implementation (the Haves) and, in neighborhood contexts rich in racial-ethnic diversity. Yet, we found that some programs with less physical and material capacity (the Have Nots), demonstrated greater program quality (i.e., supportive adult and peer relationships, engagement, a sense of belonging) and implementation, relative to programs with better capacity (e.g., space, material resources, staffing, and leadership, the Have Somes). While capacity matters, intentional prevention initiatives that seek to promote evidence-based practices are helpful to sites in supporting organizations that might otherwise fail to provide quality programming for youth. This paper addresses a conundrum in prevention science, namely, how to make programming accessible to those who need it with a focus on organizational processes, program quality, and implementation of evidence-based practices.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pinto RM, Park S(E, Miles R, Ong PN. Community engagement in dissemination and implementation models: A narrative review. IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 2:2633489520985305. [PMID: 37089998 PMCID: PMC9978697 DOI: 10.1177/2633489520985305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Responding to the growing demand for scientific understanding of adoption and uptake of evidence-based interventions (EBIs), numerous dissemination and implementation (“D&I”) models have been proposed in the extant literature. This review aimed to identify community-specific constructs with the potential to help researchers engage community partners in D&I studies or deploy EBIs. Methods: We identified 74 D&I models targeting community-level changes. We built on Tabak et al.’s narrative review that identified 51 D&I models published up to 2012 and identified 23 D&I models published between 2012 and 2020 from the Health Research & Practice website (16 models) and PubMed database (7 models). Three coders independently examined all 74 models looking for community-specific engagement constructs. Results: We identified five community engagement constructs: (1) Communication, (2) Partnership Exchange, (3) Community Capacity Building, (4) Leadership, and (5) Collaboration. Of the 74 models, 20% reflected all five constructs; 32%, four; 22%, three; 20%, two; and 5%, only one. Few models with strong community content have been introduced since 2009. Conclusion: This article bridges the community-engaged and D&I research literature by identifying community engagement constructs reflected in existing D&I models, targeting community-level changes. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. Plain language summary Responding to the growing demand for scientific understanding of adoption and uptake of evidence-based interventions (EBIs), numerous dissemination and implementation (“D&I”) models have been proposed. This review aimed to identify community-specific constructs with the potential to help researchers engage community partners in D&I studies or deploy EBIs. We identified 74 D&I models targeting community-level changes, published between 2012 and 2020. Three coders independently examined all 74 models looking for community-specific engagement constructs. We identified five community engagement constructs: (1) Communication, (2) Partnership Exchange, (3) Community Capacity Building, (4) Leadership, and (5) Collaboration. Of the 74 models, 20% reflected all five constructs; 32%, four; 22%, three; 20%, two; and 5%, only one. This article identified community engagement constructs reflected in existing D&I models targeting community-level changes. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogério M Pinto
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Rashun Miles
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pei Ni Ong
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sprague Martinez L, Dimitri N, Ron S, Hudda N, Zamore W, Lowe L, Echevarria B, Durant JL, Brugge D, Reisner E. Two communities, one highway and the fight for clean air: the role of political history in shaping community engagement and environmental health research translation. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1690. [PMID: 33176742 PMCID: PMC7656715 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper explores strategies to engage community stakeholders in efforts to address the effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). Communities of color and low-income communities are disproportionately impacted by environmental threats including emissions generated by major roadways. METHODS Qualitative instrumental case study design was employed to examine how community-level factors in two Massachusetts communities, the City of Somerville and Boston's Chinatown neighborhood, influence the translation of research into practice to address TRAP exposure. Guided by the Interactive Systems Framework (ISF), we drew on three data sources: key informant interviews, observations and document reviews. Thematic analysis was used. RESULTS Findings indicate political history plays a significant role in shaping community action. In Somerville, community organizers worked with city and state officials, and embraced community development strategies to engage residents. In contrast, Chinatown community activists focused on immediate resident concerns including housing and resident displacement resulting in more opposition to local municipal leadership. CONCLUSIONS The ISF was helpful in informing the team's thinking related to systems and structures needed to translate research to practice. However, although municipal stakeholders are increasingly sympathetic to and aware of the health impacts of TRAP, there was not a local legislative or regulatory precedent on how to move some of the proposed TRAP-related policies into practice. As such, we found that pairing the ISF with a community organizing framework may serve as a useful approach for examining the dynamic relationship between science, community engagement and environmental research translation. Social workers and public health professionals can advance TRAP exposure mitigation by exploring the political and social context of communities and working to bridge research and community action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelle Dimitri
- Boston University School of Social Work, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Sharon Ron
- Metropolitan Area Planning Council, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Neelakshi Hudda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Wig Zamore
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, MA 02145 USA
| | - Lydia Lowe
- The Chinatown Land Trust, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | | | - John L. Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Ellin Reisner
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, MA 02145 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hasson H, Leviton L, von Thiele Schwarz U. A typology of useful evidence: approaches to increase the practical value of intervention research. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:133. [PMID: 32460833 PMCID: PMC7254642 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-00992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Too often, studies of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) in preventive, community, and health care are not sufficiently useful to end users (typically practitioners, patients, policymakers, or other researchers). The ways in which intervention studies are conventionally conducted and reported mean that there is often a shortage of information when an EBI is used in practice. The paper aims to invite the research community to consider ways to optimize not only the trustworthiness but also the research's usefulness in intervention studies. This is done by proposing a typology that provides some approaches to useful EBIs for intervention researchers. The approaches originate from different research fields and are summarized to highlight their potential benefits from a usefulness perspective. MAIN MESSAGE The typology consists of research approaches to increase the usefulness of EBIs by improving the reporting of four features in intervention studies: (1) the interventions themselves, including core components and appropriate adaptations; (2) strategies to support-high-quality implementation of the interventions; (3) generalizations about the evidence in a variety of contexts; and (4) outcomes based on end users' preferences and knowledge. The research approaches fall into three levels: Description, Analysis, and Design. The first level, Description, outlines what types of information about the intervention and its implementation, context, and outcomes can be helpful for end users. Research approaches under analysis offers alternative ways of analyzing data, increasing the precision of information provided to end users. Approaches summarized under design involve more radical changes and far-reaching implications for how research can provide more useful information. These approaches partly flip the order of efficacy and effectiveness, focusing not on whether an intervention works in highly controlled and optimal circumstances, but first and foremost whether an intervention can be implemented and lead to anticipated outcomes in everyday practice. CONCLUSIONS The research community, as well as the end users of research, are invited to consider ways to optimize research's usefulness as well as its trustworthiness. Many of the research approaches in the typology are not new, and their contributions to quality have been described for generations - but their contributions to useful knowledge need more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henna Hasson
- Procome research group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Medical Management Centre, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Unit for Implementation and Evaluation, Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine (CES), Stockholm County Council, SE 171 29, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz
- Procome research group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Medical Management Centre, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Mälardalen, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park AL, Becker KD, Boustani MM, Chorpita BF. Decision-Making in Mental Health Care: Measuring Provider and Supervisor Use of Evidence. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2019; 47:344-356. [PMID: 31728777 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-019-00989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Use of evidence to inform clinical decisions has been shown to improve the quality and effectiveness of services. This study piloted an observational coding system for understanding providers and supervisors' use of evidence in their clinical decision-making. The Action Cycle and Use of Evidence Behavioral Observation Coding System (ACE-BOCS) is based on Graham et al. (Contin Educ Health Prof 26:13-24, 2006) conceptual framework for knowledge management, which articulates a sequence relevant to integrating evidence into decisions and actions, including identifying and selecting a problem and choosing, planning, and rehearsing a solution or action. Using the ACE-BOCS, two coders rated the extensiveness with which evidence was used to inform decisions made in clinical supervision sessions. In these clinical supervision sessions, supervisor-provider dyads discussed cases (N = 30; age range 8-19 years; 80% Latino/a or Hispanic ethnicity) that were identified as potentially being at risk for low treatment engagement in school mental health services. Results indicated that the ACE-BOCS can reliably and validly measure use of evidence and distinguish between strategic and indiscriminate use of evidence. The ACE-BOCS has value and utility for studying use of evidence, as it incorporates multiple actions related to service delivery and has the potential to be adapted for other aspects of mental healthcare decision-making beyond clinical supervision, as well as decision making within fields outside of mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alayna L Park
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce F Chorpita
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cava-Tadik Y, Smith EP, Yu D, Leathers M, Farris JR. Using Connected Technologies in a Continuous Quality Improvement Approach in After-school Settings: The PAX Good Behavior Game. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN SERVICES 2019; 37:293-314. [PMID: 31889926 PMCID: PMC6936749 DOI: 10.1080/15228835.2019.1588190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This demonstration study explored the use of connected technologies in a continuous quality improvement (CQI) approach to implementing evidence-based practices in after-school. Focus-group with staff indicated enjoyment of technology and offered feedback for future development. Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) were gathered daily. Three randomized conditions were compared among 4 programs and 12 staff implementing PAX Good Behavior Game (PAX GBG). ANOVA, Post-Hoc Tukey and Chi-square analyses indicated that the tech-enhanced condition showed better implementation using scoreboards than the in-person, while similar in game length. Both were superior to the control in behavioral strategies; highlighting the promise of technology in capacity-building.
Collapse
|
9
|
Qari SH, Leinhos MR, Thomas TN, Carbone EG. Overview of the Translation, Dissemination, and Implementation of Public Health Preparedness and Response Research and Training Initiative. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:S355-S362. [PMID: 30260695 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We provide an overview of a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded public health preparedness and response (PHPR) research and training initiative to improve public health practice. Our objectives were to accelerate the translation, dissemination, and implementation (TDI) of promising PHPR evidence-based tools and trainings developed by the Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Centers (PERRC) or the Preparedness and Emergency Response Learning Centers (PERLC) between 2008 and 2015. Nine competitive awards were made to seven academic centers to achieve predetermined TDI objectives. The outputs attained by the initiative included: user-friendly online repositories of PERRC and PERLC tools and trainings; training courses that addressed topics; a community resilience manual to synthesize, translate, and implement evidence-based programs; and Web applications that supported legal preparedness, exercise evaluation, and immunization education. The evaluation identified several best practices and potential barriers to implementation. As illustrated by the work in this supplement, the broader awareness and implementation of PERRC preparedness products and PERLC trainings and the continued evaluation of their impact could enhance the PHPR capacity and capability of the nation, which could lead to improved health security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoukat H Qari
- All of the authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mary R Leinhos
- All of the authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tracy N Thomas
- All of the authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eric G Carbone
- All of the authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
McAlindon K. Selling Innovations Like Soap: The Interactive Systems Framework and Social Marketing. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 60:242-256. [PMID: 28815622 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the popularity and noted utility of Wandersman and colleagues' (2008) Interactive Systems Framework, the literature currently provides a primary focus on delivery organizations' and supportive stakeholders' capacities and strategies to implement innovations, presenting a critical gap in understanding. Unfortunately, reflective of a larger void in community dissemination and implementation efforts, there is a more limited focus on the dissemination of innovations. This paper presents the social marketing literature as a supplement to the Prevention Synthesis and Translation System (PSTS), the system responsible for dissemination. The study and practice of innovation synthesis and translation is examined in the literature; and based on the conclusions drawn, social marketing theory is used to provide a systematic approach to improving dissemination within the Interactive Systems Framework. Specifically, three gaps related to the PSTS are identified in the literature that align with and can be filled using social marketing. Social marketing is defined and presented as a supplement by providing theory and practices, within a systems context, for effectively communicating and influencing change. By blending social marketing with the Interactive Systems Framework, the aim is to improve the understanding of strategic communication and its role in the effective dissemination, and subsequent implementation, of innovations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McAlindon
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang B, Stanton B, Deveaux L, Lunn S, Rolle G, Adderley R, Poitier M, Koci V, Marshall S, Gomez P. Multi-year school-based implementation and student outcomes of an evidence-based risk reduction intervention. Implement Sci 2017; 12:16. [PMID: 28187740 PMCID: PMC5303204 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-016-0539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intervention effects observed in efficacy trials are rarely replicated when the interventions are broadly disseminated, underscoring the need for more information about factors influencing real-life implementation and program impact. Using data from the ongoing national implementation of an evidence-based HIV prevention program [Focus on Youth in The Caribbean (FOYC)] in The Bahamas, this study examines factors influencing teachers’ patterns of implementation, the impact of teachers’ initial implementation of FOYC, and subsequent delivery of the booster sessions on students’ outcomes. Methods Data were collected from the 80 government elementary and 34 middle schools between 2011 and 2014, involving 208 grade 6, 75 grade 7, and 58 grade 8 teachers and 4411 students initially in grade 6 and followed for 3 years. Student outcomes include HIV/AIDS knowledge, reproductive health skills, self-efficacy, and intention to use protection. Data from teachers includes implementation and modification of the curriculum, attitudes towards the prevention program, comfort level with the curriculum, and attendance at training workshops. Structural equation modeling and mixed-effect modeling analyses were applied to examine the impact of teachers’ implementation. Results Teachers’ attitudes towards and comfort with the intervention curriculum, and attendance at the curriculum training workshop had a direct effect on teachers’ patterns of implementation, which had a direct effect on student outcomes. Teachers’ attitudes had a direct positive effect on student outcomes. Teachers’ training in interactive teaching methods and longer duration as teachers were positively associated with teachers’ comfort with the curriculum. High-quality implementation in grade 6 was significantly related to student outcomes in grades 6 and 7 post-implementation. Level of implementation of the booster sessions in grades 7 and 8 were likewise significantly related to subsequent student outcomes in both grades. Conclusions High-quality initial implementation of a prevention program is significantly related to better program outcomes. Poor subsequent delivery of booster sessions can undermine the positive effects from the initial implementation while strong subsequent delivery of booster sessions can partially overcome poor initial implementation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0539-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Bonita Stanton
- Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Lynette Deveaux
- Office of HIV/AIDS, Ministry of Health, Shirley Street, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Sonja Lunn
- Office of HIV/AIDS, Ministry of Health, Shirley Street, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Glenda Rolle
- Ministry of Education, Thompson Boulevard, PO Box N-3913, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Richard Adderley
- Office of HIV/AIDS, Ministry of Health, Shirley Street, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Maxwell Poitier
- Office of HIV/AIDS, Ministry of Health, Shirley Street, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Veronica Koci
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sharon Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI48201, USA
| | - Perry Gomez
- Office of HIV/AIDS, Ministry of Health, Shirley Street, Nassau, Bahamas
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mensah GA, Sacco RL, Vickrey BG, Sampson UK, Waddy S, Ovbiagele B, Pandian JD, Norrving B, Feigin VL. From Data to Action: Neuroepidemiology Informs Implementation Research for Global Stroke Prevention and Treatment. Neuroepidemiology 2015; 45:221-9. [PMID: 26505615 PMCID: PMC4633278 DOI: 10.1159/000441105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a scientific field of study, neuroepidemiology encompasses more than just the descriptive study of the frequency, distribution, determinants and outcomes of neurologic diseases in populations. It also includes experimental aspects that span the full spectrum of clinical and population science research. As such, neuroepidemiology has a strong potential to inform implementation research for global stroke prevention and treatment. This review begins with an overview of the progress that has been made in descriptive and experimental neuroepidemiology over the past quarter century with emphasis on standards for evidence generation, critical appraisal of that evidence and impact on clinical and public health practice at the national, regional and global levels. Specific advances made in high-income countries as well as in low- and middle-income countries are presented. Gaps in implementation as well as evidence gaps in stroke research, stroke burden, clinical outcomes and disparities between developed and developing countries are then described. The continuing need for high quality neuroepidemiologic data in low- and middle-income countries is highlighted. Additionally, persisting disparities in stroke burden and care by sex, race, ethnicity, income and socioeconomic status are discussed. The crucial role that national stroke registries have played in neuroepidemiologic research is also addressed. Opportunities presented by new directions in comparative effectiveness and implementation research are discussed as avenues for turning neuroepidemiological insights into action to maximize health impact and to guide further biomedical research on neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Mensah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralph L. Sacco
- Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, Human Genomics, and Neurosurgery; Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Barbara G. Vickrey
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Salina Waddy
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeyaraj D. Pandian
- Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Bo Norrving
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Valery L. Feigin
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, School of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies, School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hunter SB, Schwartz RP, Friedmann PD. Introduction to the Special Issue on the Studies on the Implementation of Integrated Models of Alcohol, Tobacco, and/or Drug Use Interventions and Medical Care. J Subst Abuse Treat 2015; 60:1-5. [PMID: 26549295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
National efforts are underway to integrate medical care and behavioral health treatment. This special issue of the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment presents 13 papers that examine the integration of substance use interventions and medical care. In this introduction, the guest editors first describe the need to examine the integration of substance use treatment into medical care settings. Next, an overview of the emerging field of implementation science and its applicability to substance use intervention integration is presented. Preview summaries of each of the articles included in this special issue are given. Articles include empirical studies of various integration models, study protocol papers that describe currently funded implementation research, and one review/commentary piece that discusses federal research priorities, integration support activities and remaining research gaps. These articles provide important information about how to guide future health system integration efforts to treat the millions of medical patients with substance use problems.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gold R, Hollombe C, Bunce A, Nelson C, Davis JV, Cowburn S, Perrin N, DeVoe J, Mossman N, Boles B, Horberg M, Dearing JW, Jaworski V, Cohen D, Smith D. Study protocol for "Study of Practices Enabling Implementation and Adaptation in the Safety Net (SPREAD-NET)": a pragmatic trial comparing implementation strategies. Implement Sci 2015; 10:144. [PMID: 26474759 PMCID: PMC4609090 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has directly compared the effectiveness of implementation strategies in any setting, and we know of no prior trials directly comparing how effectively different combinations of strategies support implementation in community health centers. This paper outlines the protocol of the Study of Practices Enabling Implementation and Adaptation in the Safety Net (SPREAD-NET), a trial designed to compare the effectiveness of several common strategies for supporting implementation of an intervention and explore contextual factors that impact the strategies' effectiveness in the community health center setting. METHODS/DESIGN This cluster-randomized trial compares how three increasingly hands-on implementation strategies support adoption of an evidence-based diabetes quality improvement intervention in 29 community health centers, managed by 12 healthcare organizations. The strategies are as follows: (arm 1) a toolkit, presented in paper and electronic form, which includes a training webinar; (arm 2) toolkit plus in-person training with a focus on practice change and change management strategies; and (arm 3) toolkit, in-person training, plus practice facilitation with on-site visits. We use a mixed methods approach to data collection and analysis: (i) baseline surveys on study clinic characteristics, to explore how these characteristics impact the clinics' ability to implement the tools and the effectiveness of each implementation strategy; (ii) quantitative data on change in rates of guideline-concordant prescribing; and (iii) qualitative data on the "how" and "why" underlying the quantitative results. The outcomes of interest are clinic-level results, categorized using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, within an interrupted time-series design with segmented regression models. This pragmatic trial will compare how well each implementation strategy works in "real-world" practices. DISCUSSION Having a better understanding of how different strategies support implementation efforts could positively impact the field of implementation science, by comparing practical, generalizable methods for implementing clinical innovations in community health centers. Bridging this gap in the literature is a critical step towards the national long-term goal of effectively disseminating and implementing effective interventions into community health centers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02325531.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gold
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227, USA.
- OCHIN, Inc., 1881 SW Naito Parkway, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Celine Hollombe
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227, USA.
| | - Arwen Bunce
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227, USA.
| | | | - James V Davis
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227, USA.
| | - Stuart Cowburn
- OCHIN, Inc., 1881 SW Naito Parkway, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Nancy Perrin
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227, USA.
| | - Jennifer DeVoe
- OCHIN, Inc., 1881 SW Naito Parkway, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Oregon Health Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Ned Mossman
- OCHIN, Inc., 1881 SW Naito Parkway, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Bruce Boles
- Kaiser Permanente Care Management Institute, 1 Kaiser Plaza, 16 L, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | - Michael Horberg
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, 2101 East Jefferson Street 3 West, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - James W Dearing
- College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, 404 Wilson Road, 473, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Victoria Jaworski
- Multnomah County Public Health Department, 426 SW Stark St, 8th Floor, Portland, OR, 97204, USA.
| | - Deborah Cohen
- Oregon Health Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - David Smith
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morrato EH, Rabin B, Proctor J, Cicutto LC, Battaglia CT, Lambert-Kerzner A, Leeman-Castillo B, Prahl-Wretling M, Nuechterlein B, Glasgow RE, Kempe A. Bringing it home: expanding the local reach of dissemination and implementation training via a university-based workshop. Implement Sci 2015; 10:94. [PMID: 26141909 PMCID: PMC4490605 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, national training programs do not have the capacity to meet the growing demand for dissemination and implementation (D&I) workforce education and development. The Colorado Research in Implementation Science Program (CRISP) developed and delivered an introductory D&I workshop adapted from national programs to extend training reach and foster a local learning community for D&I. METHODS To gauge interest and assess learning needs, a pre-registration survey was administered. Based on feedback, a 1.5-day workshop was designed. Day 1 introduced D&I frameworks, strategies, and evaluation principles. Local and national D&I experts provided ignite-style talks on key lessons followed by panel discussion. Breakout sessions discussed community engagement and applying for D&I grants. A workbook was developed to enhance the training and provided exercises for application to an individual's projects. Day 2 offered expert-led mentoring sessions with selected participants who desired advanced instruction. Two follow-up surveys (immediate post-workshop, 6 months) assessed knowledge gained from participation and utilization of workshop content. RESULTS Ninety-three workshop registrants completed an assessment survey to inform workshop objectives and curriculum design; 43 % were new and 54 % reported a basic understanding of the D&I field. Pre-registrants intended to use the training to "apply for a D&I grant" (73 %); "incorporate D&I into existing projects" (76 %), and for quality improvement (51 %). Sixty-eight individuals attended Day 1; 11 also attended Day 2 mentoring sessions. In the 1-week post-workshop survey (n = 34), 100 % strongly agreed they were satisfied with the training; 97 % strongly agreed the workshop workbook was a valuable resource. All Day 2 participants strongly agreed that working closely with faculty and experts increased their overall confidence. In the 6-month follow-up evaluation (n = 23), evidence of new D&I-related manuscripts and grant proposals was found. Training materials were published online ( www.ucdenver.edu/implementation/workshops ) and disseminated via the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical and Translational Science Awards Consortium. To sustain reach, CRISP adapted the materials into an interactive e-book ( www.CRISPebooks.org ) and launched a new graduate course. CONCLUSIONS Local D&I training workshops can extend the reach of national training programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine H Morrato
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Colorado Research in Implementation Science Program, Adult and Child Center for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Borsika Rabin
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Colorado Research in Implementation Science Program, Adult and Child Center for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO, USA
- Denver Seattle Center for Veteran-centric Value-based Research (DiSCoVVR), Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jeff Proctor
- The Evaluation Center, School of Education and Human Development, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Lisa C Cicutto
- Clinical Science Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Catherine T Battaglia
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO, USA
- Denver Seattle Center for Veteran-centric Value-based Research (DiSCoVVR), Denver, CO, USA
- Clinical Science Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne Lambert-Kerzner
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO, USA
- Denver Seattle Center for Veteran-centric Value-based Research (DiSCoVVR), Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Michelle Prahl-Wretling
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Bridget Nuechterlein
- The Evaluation Center, School of Education and Human Development, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Russell E Glasgow
- Colorado Research in Implementation Science Program, Adult and Child Center for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Allison Kempe
- Colorado Research in Implementation Science Program, Adult and Child Center for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Weeks MR, Kostick K, Li J, Dunn J, McLaughlin P, Richmond P, Choudhury S, Obidoa C, Mosher H, Martinez M. Translation of the Risk Avoidance Partnership (RAP) for Implementation in Outpatient Drug Treatment Clinics. J Psychoactive Drugs 2015; 47:239-47. [PMID: 26098970 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2015.1050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Scientific literature increasingly calls for studies to translate evidence-based interventions into real-world contexts balancing fidelity to the original design and fit to the new setting. The Risk Avoidance Partnership (RAP) is a health promotion intervention originally designed to train active drug users to become Peer Health Advocates. A theoretically driven approach was used to adapt RAP to fit implementation in outpatient methadone treatment clinics and pilot it with clinic patients. Ethnographic observations and process tracking documented the RAP translation and pilot experience, and clinic and community characteristics relevant to program implementation. Clinic administrators, staff, and patients were interviewed on their values, capacities, interest in RAP, perceived challenges of implementing RAP in drug treatment clinics, and experiences during the pilot. Findings indicated that RAP core components can be met when implemented in these settings and RAP can fit with the goals, interests, and other programs of the clinic. Balancing fidelity and fit requires recognition of the mutual impacts RAP and the clinic have on each other, which generate new interactions among staff and require ongoing specification of RAP to keep abreast of clinic and community changes. Collaboration of multiple stakeholders significantly benefited translation and pilot processes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Horn K, Jarrett T, Anesetti-Rothermel A, O’Hara Tompkins N, Dino G. Developing a Dissemination Model to Improve Intervention Reach among West Virginia Youth Smokers. Front Public Health 2014; 2:101. [PMID: 25136547 PMCID: PMC4117930 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The not-on-tobacco program is an evidence-based teen smoking cessation program adopted by the American Lung Association (ALA). Although widely disseminated nationally via ALA Master Trainers, in recent years, adoption and implementation of the N-O-T program in West Virginia (WV) has slowed. WV, unfortunately, has one of the highest smoking rates in the US. Although it is a goal of public health science, dissemination of evidence-based interventions is woefully understudied. The present manuscript reviews a theoretical model of dissemination of the not-on-tobacco program in WV. Based on social marketing, diffusion of innovations, and social cognitive theories, the nine-phase model incorporates elements of infrastructure development, accountability, training, delivery, incentives, and communication. The model components as well as preliminary lessons learned from initial implementation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Horn
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Traci Jarrett
- WV Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Andrew Anesetti-Rothermel
- WV Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nancy O’Hara Tompkins
- WV Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Geri Dino
- WV Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Smith EP, Wise E, Rosen H, Rosen A, Childs S, McManus M. Top-down, bottom-up, and around the jungle gym: a social exchange and networks approach to engaging afterschool programs in implementing evidence-based practices. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 53:491-502. [PMID: 24781678 PMCID: PMC4634874 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-014-9656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses concepts from social networks and social exchange theories to describe the implementation of evidence-based practices in afterschool programs. The members of the LEGACY Together Afterschool Project team have been involved in conducting collaborative research to migrate a behavioral strategy that has been documented to reduce disruptive behaviors in classroom settings to a new setting-that of afterschool programs. We adapted the Paxis Institute's version of the Good Behavior Game to afterschool settings which differ from in-school settings, including more fluid attendance, multiple age groupings, diverse activities that may take place simultaneously, and differences in staff training and experience (Barrish et al. in J Appl Behav Anal 2(2):119-124, 1969; Embry et al. in The Pax Good Behavior Game. Hazelden, Center City, 2003; Hynes et al. in J Child Serv 4(3):4-20, 2009; Kellam et al. in Drug Alcohol Depend 95:S5-S28, 2008; Tingstrom et al. in Behav Modif 30(2):225-253, 2006). This paper presents the experiences of the three adult groups involved in the implementation process who give first-person accounts of implementation: (1) university-based scientist-practitioners, (2) community partners who trained and provided technical assistance/coaching, and (3) an afterschool program administrator. We introduce here the AIMS model used to frame the implementation process conceptualized by this town-gown collaborative team. AIMS builds upon previous work in implementation science using four phases in which the three collaborators have overlapping roles: approach/engagement, implementation, monitoring, and sustainability. Within all four phases principles of Social Exchange Theory and Social Network Theory are highlighted.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tebes JK, Thai ND, Matlin SL. Twenty-first century science as a relational process: from eureka! to team science and a place for community psychology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 53:475-90. [PMID: 24496718 PMCID: PMC4076783 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-014-9625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we maintain that twenty-first century science is, fundamentally, a relational process in which knowledge is produced (or co-produced) through transactions among researchers or among researchers and public stakeholders. We offer an expanded perspective on the practice of twenty-first century science, the production of scientific knowledge, and what community psychology can contribute to these developments. We argue that: (1) trends in science show that research is increasingly being conducted in teams; (2) scientific teams, such as transdisciplinary teams of researchers or of researchers collaborating with various public stakeholders, are better able to address complex challenges; (3) transdisciplinary scientific teams are part of the larger, twenty-first century transformation in science; (4) the concept of heterarchy is a heuristic for team science aligned with this transformation; (5) a contemporary philosophy of science known as perspectivism provides an essential foundation to advance twenty-first century science; and (6) community psychology, through its core principles and practice competencies, offers theoretical and practical expertise for advancing team science and the transformation in science currently underway. We discuss the implications of these points and illustrate them briefly with two examples of transdisciplinary team science from our own work. We conclude that a new narrative is emerging for science in the twenty-first century that draws on interpersonal transactions in teams, and active engagement by researchers with the public to address critical accountabilities. Because of its core organizing principles and unique blend of expertise on the intersection of research and practice, community psychologists are well-prepared to help advance these developments, and thus have much to offer twenty-first century science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kraemer Tebes
- Yale Division of Prevention and Community Research and The Consultation Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511-2369, USA,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|