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Luigi M, Tiberini A, Taglienti A, Bertin S, Dragone I, Sybilska A, Tarchi F, Goggioli D, Lewandowski M, Simoni S, Faggioli F. Molecular Methods for the Simultaneous Detection of Tomato Fruit Blotch Virus and Identification of Tomato Russet Mite, a New Potential Virus-Vector System Threatening Solanaceous Crops Worldwide. Viruses 2024; 16:806. [PMID: 38793687 PMCID: PMC11126101 DOI: 10.3390/v16050806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato fruit blotch virus (ToFBV) (Blunervirus solani, family Kitaviridae) was firstly identified in Italy in 2018 in tomato plants that showed the uneven, blotchy ripening and dimpling of fruits. Subsequent High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) analysis allowed ToFBV to be identified in samples collected in Australia, Brazil, and several European countries, and its presence in tomato crops was dated back to 2012. In 2023, the virus was found to be associated with two outbreaks in Italy and Belgium, and it was included in the EPPO Alert list as a potential new threat for tomato fruit production. Many epidemiologic features of ToFBV need to be still clarified, including transmission. Aculops lycopersici Massee (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea), the tomato russet mite (TRM), is a likely candidate vector, since high population densities were found in most of the ToFBV-infected tomato cultivations worldwide. Real-time RT-PCR tests for ToFBV detection and TRM identification were developed, also as a duplex assay. The optimized tests were then transferred to an RT-ddPCR assay and validated according to the EPPO Standard PM 7/98 (5). Such sensitive, reliable, and validated tests provide an important diagnostic tool in view of the probable threat posed by this virus-vector system to solanaceous crops worldwide and can contribute to epidemiological studies by simplifying the efficiency of research. To our knowledge, these are the first molecular methods developed for the simultaneous detection and identification of ToFBV and TRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Luigi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Via C.G. Bertero 22, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Tiberini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Via C.G. Bertero 22, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Taglienti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Via C.G. Bertero 22, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bertin
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Via C.G. Bertero 22, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Immacolata Dragone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Via C.G. Bertero 22, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Sybilska
- Department of Plant Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Franca Tarchi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Via Lanciola 12/a, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Donatella Goggioli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Via Lanciola 12/a, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- Department of Plant Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sauro Simoni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Via Lanciola 12/a, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Faggioli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Via C.G. Bertero 22, 00156 Rome, Italy
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Szczepaniec A, Lathrop-Melting A, Janecek T, Nachappa P, Cranshaw W, Alnajjar G, Axtell A. Suppression of hemp russet mite, Aculops cannabicola (Acari: Eriophyidae), in industrial hemp in greenhouse and field. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:18-25. [PMID: 37535975 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Hemp russet mite, Aculops cannibicola Farkas (Acari: Eriophyidae), is one of the key pests of hemp, Cannabis sativa L. (Rosales: Cannabaceae). Hemp russet mite feeds primarily on new growth and can reach high densities, frequently exceeding a thousand mites per leaf, and leading to a decrease in yield and quality of cannabinoids. The objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of reduced-risk pesticides used in organic crop protection as well as conventional insecticides in managing hemp russet mites in a greenhouse and field. Hemp (var. Unicorn) was exposed to leaves heavily infested with hemp russet mites, and once mite densities reached an average of 50 mites per leaf, the following insecticides were applied to the plants: abamectin, etoxazole, fenpyroximate, rosemary oil, and 2 concentrations of a mineral oil. An application of sulfur was also included in the field experiment. Treatments were replicated 9 times in the greenhouse and 6 times in the field. Each of the pesticides significantly reduced hemp russet mite densities in the greenhouse, with all treatments resulting in significant decrease in mite populations 10 days after the initial treatment that persisted until the end of the experiment. On the other hand, only fenpyroximate, sulfur, and rosemary oil provided strong and effective suppression of the mites in the field. This is the first study to test these products against hemp russet mites in hemp, and our outcomes indicate that several pesticides available for organic crop production can provide effective control of the pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Szczepaniec
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Abby Lathrop-Melting
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Taylor Janecek
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Punya Nachappa
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Whitney Cranshaw
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Gabriel Alnajjar
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, 307 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alice Axtell
- The IR4 Project, North Carolina State University, 1730 Varsity Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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de Morais MR, Innocente LCP, Zanardi OZ, de Andrade DJ. Occurrence of Tegolophus brunneus and Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Acari: Eriophyidae) on the main citrus belt of Brazil and the differential toxicity of the acaricides to these species. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 91:603-613. [PMID: 37995027 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Many mites of the family Eriophyidae are important pests worldwide. In citrus crops, the eriophyid Phyllocoptruta oleivora stands out for the economic losses caused. The pest's injuries cause the darkening of leaves, twigs, and fruits, making them unfit for the fresh fruit market and affecting plant productivity. Another species that causes similar symptoms was described in Brazil recently, the brown citrus rust mite, Tegolophus brunneus. Although studies have not been performed with this species, growers and technicians have attributed the rise in rust damages in Brazil to T. brunneus, affirming that this mite is more aggressive and resistant to acaricides than P. oleivora. In this study, the distribution of T. brunneus in the main Brazilian citrus belt and the differential toxicity of the acaricides sulfur and abamectin were evaluated for both species. Infested fruits were collected from different orchards in many municipalities, covering the main citrus species and cultivars grown, aiming to show the main T. brunneus hosts. It was observed that only plants of Tahiti acid lime (Citrus latifolia) were infested by T. brunneus, whereas P. oleivora infested all citrus cultivars and species evaluated (Citrus spp.). In our study, T. brunneus and P. oleivora were never observed coinfesting the same fruit/leaf or plant. The acute toxicity test of sulfur and abamectin as acaricides showed that T. brunneus has greater tolerance to abamectin than P. oleivora. However, the acute toxicity of sulfur was similar for both species. These results showed T. brunneus specificity to infest Tahiti acid lime, causing important damage to this crop, and suggest that attention should be paid to managing this mite using abamectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Rovere de Morais
- Laboratory of Acarology (AcaroLab), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV-Unesp), São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/nº, Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Caroline Penteado Innocente
- Laboratory of Acarology (AcaroLab), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV-Unesp), São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/nº, Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi
- Department of Education, Research, and Extension, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (IFSC), São Miguel Do Oeste, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel Júnior de Andrade
- Laboratory of Acarology (AcaroLab), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV-Unesp), São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/nº, Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
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Zhou C, Li Z, Qian X, Cheng J, Maienfisch P. Novel Acaricidal Silico-Containing Pyrazolyl Acrylonitrile Derivatives Identified through Rational Carbon-Silicon Bioisosteric Replacement Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18239-18249. [PMID: 37722018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The identification of novel pyrazolyl acrylonitrile acaricides with improved properties is of great value for the control of phytophagous mites. A series of innovative silicon-containing pyrazolyl acrylonitriles were rationally designed by applying a bioisosteric carbon-silicon replacement strategy and prepared based on novel synthetic methodology. As a result of our research, we discovered compound A25 which possesses outstanding acaricidal activity. With an LC50 value of 0.062 mg/L, compound A25 was found to be 2.3-fold and 1.9-fold more potent than the commercial acaricides cyenopyrafen and cyetpyrafen, respectively. Enzymatic inhibitory assay indicated that the active principle M1 of compound A25 possesses an IC50 value of 2.32 μM against Tetranychus cinnabarinus SDH, which was about twofold superior compared to the active metabolites of cyenopyrafen (IC50 = 4.72 μM). Molecular docking study showed that the active metabolites 2 and 3 and their corresponding silicon counterparts form H-bonds and cation-π interaction with the residues of Trp165, Tyr433, and Arg279.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peter Maienfisch
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- CreInSol MCB, Aegertenstrasse 21, CH-4118 Rodersdorf, Switzerland
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Chetverikov PE, Klimov PB, He Q. Vertical transmission and seasonal dimorphism of eriophyoid mites (Acariformes, Eriophyoidea) parasitic on the Norway maple: a case study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220820. [PMID: 36147935 PMCID: PMC9490330 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eriophyoid mites are highly host-specific, microscopic phytoparasites that primarily disperse to new hosts passively via wind. This seems paradoxical, as the likelihood of landing on an appropriate host species needed to survive appears low. Here we investigate two eriophyoids found on the Norway maple Acer platanoides: Aceria platanoidea and Shevtchenkella serrata. For 14 months, we observed mite phenotypical changes and micro-habitat distribution on host plants and their propagules. Both mite species hibernate on twigs or samaras fallen on the ground, and, in the spring, feed on buds or seedlings, respectively. This apparently novel association with plant seeds indicates that the mites can exploit the host dispersal mechanism and colonize the next generation of hosts (vertical transmission). Our seasonal and DNA sequence data also indicate that S. serrata has two distinct morphotypes that partially overlap seasonally. This work can provide new insights into the dispersal routes of eriophyoid mites and transmission patterns of plant pathogens vectored by these mites, with implications for better pest mite species control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E. Chetverikov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel B. Klimov
- X-BIO institute, Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo Str., Tyumen 625003, Russia
| | - Qixin He
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Dively GP, Hartman ME, Ochoa R. Population Dynamics of Eriophyid Mites and Evaluation of Different Management Practices on Timothy Grass. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:602-610. [PMID: 35134169 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several species of eriophyid mites are important economic pests of timothy grass in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Feeding causes stunting, curling, and brown discoloration of leaves, and yield losses ranging up to 50%. Carbaryl is the only approved chemical control for these mites. We investigated the population dynamics of field infestations, host plant resistance, and several cultural control measures to develop a more sustainable management strategy. Seasonal phenology and overall abundance differed among timothy fields and between years, with mean peak densities ranging up to 731 eggs and 1,163 mites per 2.5 cm of leaf blade. Population differences were related to the age of the field, the prevailing temperatures, and snow cover during the fall and winter months. All varieties of timothy tested were susceptible, whereas several other forage grasses were significantly resistant to eriophyid mites as possible alternatives for replacing timothy. Fall harvesting reduced the buildup of mites during the winter but populations eventually rebounded and still reached economic densities by April. Burn-down herbicide, prescribed burning, and urea-based fertilizer treatments prior to green-up in the early spring had variable effects and may help to prevent economic losses; however, several concerns about the benefit/costs and practicality of these practices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen P Dively
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Ronald Ochoa
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Li S, Khurshid M, Yao J, Zhang J, Dawuda MM, Hassan Z, Ahmad S, Xu B. Interaction of the causal agent of apricot bud gall Acalitus phloeocoptes (Nalepa) with apricot: Implications in infested tissues. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250678. [PMID: 34473720 PMCID: PMC8412328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apricot bud gall mite, Acalitus phloeocoptes (Nalepa), is a destructive arthropod pest that causes significant economic losses to apricot trees worldwide. The current study explores the ways to understand the mode of dispersal of A. phloeocoptes, the development and ultrastructure of apricot bud gall, and the role of phytohormones in the formation of the apricot bud galls. The results demonstrated that the starch granules in the bud axon were extended at the onset of the attack. During the later stages of the attack, the cytoplasm was found to deteriorate in infected tissues. Furthermore, we have observed that the accumulation of large amounts of cytokinin (zeatin, ZT) and auxin (indoleacetic acid, IAA) led to rapid bud proliferation during rapid growth period, while abscisic acid (ABA) controls the development of gall buds and plays a vital role in gall bud maturity. The reduction of gibberellic acid (GA3) content led to rapid lignification at the later phase of bud development. Overall, our results have revealed that the mechanism underlying the interaction of apricot bud gall with its parasite and have provided reliable information for designing valuable Apricot breeding programs. This study will be quite useful for pest management and will provide a comprehensive evaluation of ecology-based cost-effective control, life history and demographic parameters of A. phloeocoptes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Khurshid
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Junsheng Yao
- Gansu Agriculture Vocational and Technical College, Horticulture Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Horticulture, FoA, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Zeshan Hassan
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bingliang Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Tsuchida Y, Masui S. Biological control of the Japanese pear rust mite, Eriophyes chibaensis (Acari: Eriophyidae) and the Kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai (Acari: Tetranychidae) with Euseius sojaensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 84:673-686. [PMID: 34273013 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Euseius sojaensis (Ehara) is an effective indigenous natural enemy of some eriophyid mites and spider mites in Japan. However, pesticides that are toxic to it are frequently applied in commercial Japanese pear orchards until early summer, when the predator densities are at their peak. Here, we examined the suppressive effect of inoculative release of E. sojaensis on Eriophyes chibaensis Kadono and Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida under conservation control using selective pesticides from late April to late June. The densities of E. sojaensis peaked in early June. In E. sojaensis-release plots, phytoseiid populations were larger, E. chibaensis and T. kanzawai populations were smaller, and rates of leaf mosaic and russeting caused by E. chibaensis were significantly lower than in control plots. These results suggest that E. sojaensis can control E. chibaensis and T. kanzawai populations simultaneously. As it may be difficult to suppress E. chibaensis densities below the control threshold of 50 mites per leaf only by conservation using selective pesticides, enhancement and augmentation of E. sojaensis for sustainable control of mites should be considered as an option in commercial Japanese pear orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsuchida
- Fruit Tree Research Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka, 424-0101, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Masui
- Fruit Tree Research Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka, 424-0101, Japan
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Vervaet L, De Vis R, De Clercq P, Van Leeuwen T. Is the emerging mite pest Aculops lycopersici controllable? Global and genome-based insights in its biology and management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2635-2644. [PMID: 33415791 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici, has become a major pest in tomato crops worldwide, both in open-field and protected cultivation. Its minute size of 150 to 200 μm complicates early detection and monitoring in tomato crops. Passive dispersal occurs via air currents, crop management practices and commercial trade. Chemical control of Aculops lycopersici is difficult. Altered product use from broad spectrum pesticides towards selective acaricides, to meet integrated pest management (IPM) standards, has created better conditions for the rapid expansion of this specialized eriophyid mite. Moreover, practical implementation of promising natural enemies is challenging due to the complexity of biological control in tomato crops. Trichomes on tomato negatively affect arthropod natural enemies, but provide a refuge for the tomato russet mite. Despite the cosmopolitan nature of Aculops lycopersici, knowledge associated with IPM is limited and fragmented. This review describes fundamental biological data on Aculops lycopersici from the last 20 years and novel developments in the field of prevention, monitoring, chemical and biological control. The recent analysis of the genome sequence will be helpful in the development of a sustainable control strategy for Aculops lycopersici. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Vervaet
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Raf De Vis
- Research Station for Vegetable Production, Duffelsesteenweg 101, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, 2860, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Chen S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang Q. Highly Efficient Synthesis and Acaricidal and Insecticidal Activities of Novel Oxazolines with N-Heterocyclic Substituents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3601-3606. [PMID: 33739089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are found in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of novel 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolines bearing various N-heterocyclic substituents via a 4-(4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole intermediate generated by a modified Ritter reaction. Evaluation of the activities of the oxazolines against carmine spider mites (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) by means of a leaf-dipping method showed that most of the compounds exhibited good to excellent larvicidal and ovicidal activities. In particular, five compounds (one with a phthalimidyl group and four with a substituted indolyl group) have lower LC50 values than the commercial acaricide etoxazole (0.088 mg/L against larvae and 0.128 mg/L against eggs). This work lays a foundation for the development of novel acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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KAÇAR G, KOCA AS. Elma, Kiraz ve Fındık Bahçelerindeki Coccinellid Türlerinin Sezonsal Dinamikleri. ULUSLARARASI TARIM VE YABAN HAYATI BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.24180/ijaws.799991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Greenhalgh R, Dermauw W, Glas JJ, Rombauts S, Wybouw N, Thomas J, Alba JM, Pritham EJ, Legarrea S, Feyereisen R, Van de Peer Y, Van Leeuwen T, Clark RM, Kant MR. Genome streamlining in a minute herbivore that manipulates its host plant. eLife 2020; 9:56689. [PMID: 33095158 PMCID: PMC7738191 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici, is among the smallest animals on earth. It is a worldwide pest on tomato and can potently suppress the host's natural resistance. We sequenced its genome, the first of an eriophyoid, and explored whether there are genomic features associated with the mite's minute size and lifestyle. At only 32.5 Mb, the genome is the smallest yet reported for any arthropod and, reminiscent of microbial eukaryotes, exceptionally streamlined. It has few transposable elements, tiny intergenic regions, and is remarkably intron-poor, as more than 80% of coding genes are intronless. Furthermore, in accordance with ecological specialization theory, this defense-suppressing herbivore has extremely reduced environmental response gene families such as those involved in chemoreception and detoxification. Other losses associate with this species' highly derived body plan. Our findings accelerate the understanding of evolutionary forces underpinning metazoan life at the limits of small physical and genome size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Greenhalgh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris J Glas
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jainy Thomas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Juan M Alba
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellen J Pritham
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Saioa Legarrea
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René Feyereisen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Merijn R Kant
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Law HM, Allen GR, Davies JT, Corkrey R, Buntain M, Quarrell SR. Sampling, extraction and incidence of redberry mites (Acalitus essigi) on blackberries in Australia. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:317-334. [PMID: 32500392 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
'Redberry disease' on blackberries is hypothesised to be caused by the redberry mite (RBM), Acalitus essigi (Hassan), and results in uneven ripening of blackberry drupelets, which become bright red, hard and inedible. This damage has been reported to cause significant crop losses in commercial blackberry production in most regions where commercial blackberries are grown. However, RBM are difficult to detect and manage due to their tiny body size. In this study, a new 'shake and wash' extraction method has been developed, enabling faster, more accurate mite detection and quantification. The 'shake and wash' method extracted significantly more RBM and predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) than the previously recommended 'sticky tape' method, where mite extraction using this technique was increased by 53 and 60%, respectively. RBM counts were then made from the fruit of wild and commercial blackberry cultivars. Significantly higher RBM populations were isolated in cultivars 'BL454' (mean = 12.1 per fruit) and 'Chester' (mean = 2.6 per fruit) from several sites indicating potential RBM susceptibility in these cultivars. The highest levels of disease incidence and RBM numbers were observed on wild blackberry fruit. The redberry disease incidence increased from 13.5 to 44.9% as the mean population of RBM increased on wild fruit. Further methods were developed to extract mites from winter buds on canes. RBM numbers were lower in the fruit compared to winter buds. RBM detection is best achieved in winter buds rather than fruit and may be an important tool for RBM detection and subsequent management in the cropping season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Meng Law
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Geoff R Allen
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jamie T Davies
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ross Corkrey
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michele Buntain
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen R Quarrell
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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14
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Acaricidal drug resistance in poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) and approaches to its management. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933914000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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de Morais MR, Zanardi OZ, de Andrade DJ. Biological and demographic parameters of Tegolophus brunneus (Acari: Eriophyidae) in citrus. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 79:35-46. [PMID: 31564008 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The brown citrus rust mite, Tegolophus brunneus Flechtmann (Acari: Eriophyidae), causes citrus rust, as does Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae). As the citrus rust damage has intensified in recent years and T. brunneus has been reported in high population levels in several regions of Brazil, this mite has caused concern to growers and technicians. Because T. brunneus has been little studied and its bioecological characteristics are unknown, this study investigated the biological and demographic parameters of T. brunneus on citrus fruits under laboratory conditions. Our results showed that the egg incubation period and viability were 3.0 and 94.5%, respectively. The larval and nymphal stage durations were 1.1 and 2.8 days, respectively. The development time of the immature stage was 6.9 days, with 92.3% survival. When females and males were maintained together, the sex ratio of offspring was 0.7; virgin females produced only males. The pre-oviposition (from adult emergence to the first egg) and total pre-oviposition (egg-to-egg) periods were 1.6 and 8.5 days, respectively. Fecundity was 8.5 eggs, and female and male longevities were 13.2 and 11.4 days, respectively. The estimate of demographic parameters indicated that the Ro and T of T. brunneus were 6.45 offspring and 13.0 days, and r and λ were 0.142 and 1.153 day-1, respectively. These results suggest that T. brunneus has high growth potential on citrus trees. Therefore, management strategies may be required to reduce the population levels and damage caused by T. brunneus in citrus groves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Rovere de Morais
- Department of Crop Protection, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (UNESP/FCAV), São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi
- Research and Development Department, Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14807-040, Brazil
| | - Daniel Júnior de Andrade
- Department of Crop Protection, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (UNESP/FCAV), São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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16
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Li J, Liu S, Guo K, Qiao H, Xu R, Xu C, Chen J. A new method of gall mite management: application of artificial defoliation to control Aceria pallida. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6503. [PMID: 30863674 PMCID: PMC6404653 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial defoliant is widely applied to cotton to facilitate mechanical harvesting and successfully controls leaf diseases by blocking pathogen epidemical cycles; however, this technique is rarely used to control herbivores. Because many eriophyoid mites live and reproduce in galls, the control of these mites by pesticides is usually limited. However, the abscission of galled foliage is lethal to tiny mites with low mobility. Therefore, artificial defoliation should be effective in controlling gall mites. Here, the effects of defoliant on the control of the goji berry Lycium barbarum L. gall mite Aceria pallida Keifer were compared with those of pesticides under field conditions over 3 years. Our results showed that artificial defoliation enabled almost complete defoliation and timely refoliation. A. pallida galls fell off with the defoliation, and then regenerated foliage escaped from mite attack. After defoliant application, the densities of mite galls decreased by 84.1%, 80.3% and 80.3% compared with those found in the pesticide (undefoliated) treatment in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Artificial defoliation achieved much better control of gall mites than pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haili Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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de Lillo E, Pozzebon A, Valenzano D, Duso C. An Intimate Relationship Between Eriophyoid Mites and Their Host Plants - A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1786. [PMID: 30564261 PMCID: PMC6288765 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Eriophyoid mites (Acari Eriophyoidea) are phytophagous arthropods forming intimate relationships with their host plants. These mites are associated with annual and perennial plants including ferns, and are highly specialized with a dominant monophagy. They can be classified in different ecological classes, i.e., vagrant, gall-making and refuge-seeking species. Many of them are major pests and some of them are vectors of plant pathogens. This paper critically reviews the knowledge on eriophyoids of agricultural importance with emphasis on sources for host plant resistance to these mites. The role of species belonging to the family Eriophyidae as vectors of plant viruses is discussed. Eriophyoid-host plant interactions, the susceptibility within selected crops and main host plant tolerance/resistance mechanisms are discussed. Fundamental concepts, subjects, and problems emerged in this review are pointed out and studies are suggested to clarify some controversial points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico de Lillo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Entomological and Zoological Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto Pozzebon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico Valenzano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Entomological and Zoological Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Duso
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Xie Y, Xu Y, Liu C, Guan A, Ban L, Ding F, Peng W. Intermediate derivatisation method in the discovery of new acaricide candidates: synthesis of N-substituted piperazine derivatives and their activity against phytophagous mites. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:945-952. [PMID: 27448629 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To discover and exploit novel acaricidal compounds, a series of novel N-substituted piperazine derivatives were designed and synthesised using a tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate as the starting material by intermediate derivatisation methods, and their acaricidal activities were evaluated. RESULTS Compounds 11 and 12 exhibited significant acaricidal activity against adults of Tetranychus cinnabarinus in greenhouse tests. Compound 12, in particular, was found to be the best potential candidate acaricide and proved to be more active than the commercial positive controls spirodiclofen and pyridaben, with an LC50 of 0.8977 mg L-1 . Results concerning acaricidal activity against larvae and eggs of T. cinnabarinus indicated that compound 12 possessed equivalent larvicidal activity to spirodiclofen and higher larvicidal activity than pyridaben. Meanwhile, compound 12 showed less ovicidal activity than pyridaben, but higher activity than spirodiclofen. Furthermore, the results of the field trial demonstrated that compound 12 could effectively control Panonychus citri and P. ulmi with long-lasting persistence and rapid action. CONCLUSIONS The present work indicates that compound 12 could be a novel acaricide candidate for spider mite control. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Changling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Aiying Guan
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Lanfeng Ban
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Agriculture and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Agriculture and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Yu H, Cheng Y, Xu M, Song Y, Luo Y, Li B. Synthesis, Acaricidal Activity, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Pyrazolyl Acrylonitrile Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9586-9591. [PMID: 27976890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel pyrazolyl acrylonitrile derivatives was designed, targeting Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and synthesized. Their structures were identified by combination of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectra. The structures of compounds 18 and 19 were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Extensive greenhouse bioassays indicated that compound 19 exhibits excellent acaricidal activity against all developmental stages of T. cinnabarinus, which is better than the commercialized compounds cyenopyrafen and spirodiclofen. It was shown that the acute toxicity of compounds 19 to mammals is quite low. The structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Song
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Company Ltd. , Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
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20
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Michalska K. The effect of predation risk on spermatophore deposition rate of the eriophyoid mite, Aculops allotrichus. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2016; 68:145-154. [PMID: 26692384 PMCID: PMC4689755 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eriophyoids are minute herbivores in which males deposit spermatophores on a substrate while females, independent of the presence of males, pick up sperm (sex dissociation). Their most dangerous enemies are phytoseiid mites. Eriophyoids can successfully avoid the predation by, e.g., forming galls in which they live, by inhabiting narrow spaces on plants, or by climbing up leaf trichomes for the time of quiescence. All these behaviours, however, are fixed and independent of the actual risk of predation. The aim of this study was to examine whether eriophyoids can respond to the cues of predation risk and how this could affect their spermatophore deposition rate. Aculops allotrichus is a vagrant eriophyoid which inhabits leaves of the black locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia. On leaf arenas with injured conspecifics (pierced with a fine needle which simulated the attack of phytoseiids), single males of Ac. allotrichus deposited a similar number of spermatophores as on control, 'clean' leaves. They did not respond to the cues left by the non-enemy, yeast-fed acarid mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae either. However, they deposited significantly fewer spermatophores on leaf arenas previously exposed to the presence of the eriophyoid-fed phytoseiid mite Amblyseius swirskii. This is a first report indicating that eriophyoids can respond to the cues left by predators and change their reproductive activity accordingly. The ultimate and proximate factors that may influence the behaviour of Ac. allotrichus males are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Michalska
- Department of Applied Entomology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursnowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Wang ZH, Zhao YE, Xu Y, Hu L, Chen YM. Secondary structure of expansion segment D1 in LSU rDNA from Arachnida and its phylogenetic application in Eriophyoid mites and in Acari. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:183-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Patil BL, Kumar PL. Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus: a legume-infecting Emaravirus from South Asia. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:775-86. [PMID: 0 PMCID: PMC6638375 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV), a species of the genus Emaravirus, is the causal agent of sterility mosaic disease (SMD) of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]. This disease, dubbed the 'green plague', as the infected plants remain in the vegetative state without flower production, has been reported from India and a few other South-East Asian countries. SMD is estimated to result in an annual yield loss of over US$300 million in India alone. The aetiology of SMD, which remained a mystery for over 70 years, was resolved with the discovery of PPSMV in 2000 and its complete genome sequence in 2014. AETIOLOGY AND VIRUS TRANSMISSION SMD is characterized by stunted and bushy plants, leaves of reduced size with chlorotic rings or mosaic symptoms, and partial or complete cessation of flower production (i.e. sterility). The causal agent of the disease is PPSMV, a virus with a segmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, transmitted in a semi-persistent manner by an eriophyid mite Aceria cajani Channabassavanna (Acari: Arthropoda). Both the virus and vector are highly specific to pigeonpea and a few of its wild relatives, such as C. scarabaeoides and C. cajanifolius. Under experimental conditions, PPSMV was transmitted to Nicotiana benthamiana by sap inoculation using fresh extract of SMD-infected leaves (but not to pigeonpea); however, purified nucleoprotein preparations are not infectious. The virus was also transmitted to French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using viruliferous eriophyid mites. PPSMV is not seed transmitted in pigeonpea or other hosts known to be infected by this virus. On the basis of the differential host reactions in different geographical locations, the occurrence of diverse PPSMV strains was suspected. HOST RANGE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY PPSMV can infect several genotypes of cultivated and wild relatives of pigeonpea. Experimental hosts include N. benthamiana, N. clevelandii, P. vulgaris and Chrozophora rottleri. However, pigeonpea alone and a few wild species of Cajanus were found to support the vector A. cajani. SMD is endemic in most of the pigeonpea-growing regions of India, but the incidence varies widely between regions and years. In nature, A. cajani populations were almost exclusively observed on SMD-infected pigeonpea, but not on healthy plants, indicating a strong communalistic relationship between the virus-infected plants and the vector. The epidemiology of SMD involves the virus, mite vector, cultivar and environmental conditions. Infected perennial and volunteer plants serve as a source for both the virus and its vector mites, and play an important role in the disease cycle. GENOME ORGANIZATION, GENE FUNCTION AND TAXONOMY The PPSMV genome contains five segments of single-stranded RNA that are predicted to encode proteins in negative sense. The ribonucleoprotein complex is encased in quasi-spherical, membrane-bound virus particles of 100-150 nm. The largest segment, RNA-1, is 7022 nucleotides in length and codes for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (2295 amino acids); RNA-2, with a sequence length of 2223 nucleotides, codes for glycoproteins (649 amino acids); RNA-3, with a sequence length of 1442 nucleotides, codes for nucleocapsid protein (309 amino acids); RNA-4, with a sequence length of 1563 nucleotides, codes for a putative movement protein p4 (362 amino acids); and RNA-5, with a sequence length of 1689 nucleotides, codes for p5 (474 amino acids), a protein with unknown function. PPSMV was recently classified as a species in the genus Emaravirus, a genus whose members show features resembling those of members of the genera Tospovirus (Family: Bunyaviridae) and Tenuivirus, both of which comprise single-stranded RNA viruses that encode proteins by an ambisense strategy. SMD CONTROL The disease is mainly controlled using SMD-resistant cultivars. However, the occurrence of distinct strains/isolates of PPSMV in different locations makes it difficult to incorporate broad-spectrum resistance. Studies on the inheritance of SMD resistance in different cultivars against different isolates of PPSMV indicate that the resistance is mostly governed by recessive genes, although there are contrasting interpretations of the data. Genetic engineering through RNA-interference (RNAi) and resistant gene-based strategies are some of the potential approaches for the transgenic control of SMD. Seed treatment or soil and foliar application of a number of organophosphorus-based insecticides or acaricides, which are recommended for the management of the vector mites, are seldom practised because of prohibitive costs and also their risks to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaprabhu L Patil
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P Lava Kumar
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Zhang J, Li J, Wang Z, Xue XF. Three new species of eriophyoid mites (Acari, Eriophyoidea) from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Zookeys 2015:97-111. [PMID: 26167123 PMCID: PMC4492208 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.508.8940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new species of eriophyoid mites from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, are described and illustrated. They are Paracolomerusgongliussp. n. and Phyllocoptrutabeggerianaesp. n. collected on Rosabeggeriana Schrenk ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey. (Rosaceae), and Rhyncaphytoptusfuyuniensissp. n. collected on Cotoneasterignavus E. L. Wolf (Rosaceae). All eriophyoid mites described here are vagrants on the undersurface of leaves and any apparent damage was not observed.
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24
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Van Leeuwen T, Tirry L, Yamamoto A, Nauen R, Dermauw W. The economic importance of acaricides in the control of phytophagous mites and an update on recent acaricide mode of action research. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 121:12-21. [PMID: 26047107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acaricides are one of the cornerstones of an efficient control program for phytophagous mites. An analysis of the global acaricide market reveals that spider mites such as Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus citri and Panonychus ulmi are by far the most economically important species, representing more than 80% of the market. Other relevant mite groups are false spider mites (mainly Brevipalpus), rust and gall mites and tarsonemid mites. Acaricides are most frequently used in vegetables and fruits (74% of the market), including grape vines and citrus. However, their use is increasing in major crops where spider mites are becoming more important, such as soybean, cotton and corn. As revealed by a detailed case study of the Japanese market, major shifts in acaricide use are partially driven by resistance development and the commercial availability of compounds with novel mode of action. The importance of the latter cannot be underestimated, although some compounds are successfully used for more than 30 years. A review of recent developments in mode of action research is presented, as such knowledge is important for devising resistance management programs. This includes spirocyclic keto-enols as inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the carbazate bifenazate as a mitochondrial complex III inhibitor, a novel class of complex II inhibitors, and the mite growth inhibitors hexythiazox, clofentezine and etoxazole that interact with chitin synthase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 9424, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc Tirry
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Research and Development Division, Nippon-soda Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Ohtemach, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8165, Japan
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer CropScience AG, Research Pest Control, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Abbas RZ, Zaman MA, Colwell DD, Gilleard J, Iqbal Z. Acaricide resistance in cattle ticks and approaches to its management: The state of play. Vet Parasitol 2014; 203:6-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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O'Reilly AO, Williamson MS, González-Cabrera J, Turberg A, Field LM, Wallace BA, Davies TGE. Predictive 3D modelling of the interactions of pyrethroids with the voltage-gated sodium channels of ticks and mites. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:369-77. [PMID: 23589444 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pyrethroid insecticides are a very successful group of compounds that target invertebrate voltage-gated sodium channels and are widely used in the control of insects, ticks and mites. It is well established that some pyrethroids are good insecticides whereas others are more effective as acaricides. This species specificity is advantageous for controlling particular pest(s) in the presence of another non-target invertebrate, for example controlling the Varroa mite in honeybee colonies. RESULTS We applied in silico techniques to compare the voltage-gated sodium channels of insects versus ticks and mites and their interactions with a range of pyrethroids and DDT analogues. We identified a single amino acid difference within the pyrethroid binding pocket of ticks/mites that may have significant impact on the effectiveness of pyrethroids as acaricides. Other individual amino acid differences within the binding pocket in distinct tick and mite species may provide a basis for future acaricidal selectivity. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional modelling of the pyrethroid/DDT receptor site has led to a new hypothesis to explain the preferential binding of acaricidal pyrethroids to the sodium channels of ticks/mites. This is important for understanding pyrethroid selectivity and the potential effects of mutations that can give rise to resistance to pyrethroids in commercially-important pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrias O O'Reilly
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bavaria, Germany
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Hayashi N, Sasama Y, Takahashi N, Ikemi N. Cyflumetofen, a novel acaricide - its mode of action and selectivity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2013; 69:1080-1084. [PMID: 23382003 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyflumetofen is a novel acaricide developed by Otsuka AgriTechno Co., Ltd. It affects only spider mites and has no effect on insects, crustaceans or vertebrates under conditions of practical use. The mode of action of cyflumetofen, its selectivity for mites and its safety for insects and vertebrates were investigated. RESULTS The research showed that cyflumetofen inhibited mitochondria complex II in mites. In addition, the de-esterified form (AB-1) of cyflumetofen inhibited mitochondria complex II at extremely low concentrations. AB-1 was also detected as the main metabolite in mites. CONCLUSION The mode of action of cyflumetofen is to inhibit mitochondria complex II by affecting its action site after being metabolised to AB-1. However, inhibition by cyflumetofen and AB-1 in other organisms was very weak. Selectivity for other organisms has contributed to differences in action site activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Hayashi
- Otsuka AgriTechno Co., Ltd, Naruto Research Centre, Naruto, Tokushima, Japan.
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Sapáková E, Hasíková L, Hřivna L, Stavělíková H, Šefrová H. Infestation of different garlic varieties by dry bulb mite Aceria tulipae (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae). ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260060293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Measuring the host specificity of plant-feeding mites based on field data — a case study of the Aceria species. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Van Leeuwen T, Vontas J, Tsagkarakou A, Dermauw W, Tirry L. Acaricide resistance mechanisms in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and other important Acari: a review. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 40:563-72. [PMID: 20685616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the economically most important pests in a wide range of outdoor and protected crops worldwide. Its control has been and still is largely based on the use of insecticides and acaricides. However, due to its short life cycle, abundant progeny and arrhenotokous reproduction, it is able to develop resistance to these compounds very rapidly. As a consequence, it has the dubious reputation to be the"most resistant species" in terms of the total number of pesticides to which populations have become resistant, and its control has become problematic in many areas worldwide. Insecticide and acaricide resistance has also been reported in the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei, the causative organism of scabies, and other economically important Acari, such as the Southern cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus, one of the biggest arthropod threats to livestock, and the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, a major economic burden for beekeepers worldwide. Although resistance research in Acari has not kept pace with that in insects, a number of studies on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the resistant phenotype has been conducted recently. In this review, state-of-the-art information on T. urticae resistance, supplemented with data on other important Acari has been brought together. Considerable attention is given to the underlying resistance mechanisms that have been elucidated at the molecular level. The incidence of bifenazate resistance in T. urticae is expanded as an insecticide resistance evolutionary paradigm in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Petanović R, Kielkiewicz M. Plant-eriophyoid mite interactions: cellular biochemistry and metabolic responses induced in mite-injured plants. Part I. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2010; 51:61-80. [PMID: 20229098 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-010-9351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is a comprehensive study of recent advances related to cytological, biochemical and physiological changes induced in plants in response to eriophyoid mite attack. It has been shown that responses of host plants to eriophyoids are variable. Most of the variability is due to individual eriophyoid mite-plant interactions. Usually, the direction and intensity of changes in eriophyoid-infested plant organs depend on mite genotype, density, or the feeding period, and are strongly differentiated relative to host plant species, cultivar, age and location. Although the mechanisms of changes elicited by eriophyoid mites within plants are not fully understood, in many cases the qualitative and quantitative biochemical status of mite-infested plants are known to affect the performance of consecutive herbivorous arthropods. In future, elucidation of the pathways from eriophyoid mite damage to plant gene activation will be necessary to clarify plant responses and to explain variation in plant tissue damage at the feeding and adjacent sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Petanović
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade-Zemun 11081, Serbia.
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