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Dogon G, Rigal E, Potel E, Josse M, Rochette L, Bejot Y, Vergely C. Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) expression in the heart after myocardial infarction and cardioprotective effect of pre-ischemic rGDF15 administration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12949. [PMID: 38839839 PMCID: PMC11153639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is considered an unfavourable prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular disease in clinical data, while experimental studies suggest it has cardioprotective potential. This study focuses on the direct cardiac effects of GDF15 during ischemia-reperfusion injury in Wistar male rats, employing concentrations relevant to patients at high cardiovascular risk. Initially, we examined circulating levels and heart tissue expression of GDF15 in rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion and sham operations in vivo. We then evaluated the cardiac effects of GDF15 both in vivo and ex vivo, administering recombinant GDF15 either before 30 min of ischemia (preconditioning) or at the onset of reperfusion (postconditioning). We compared infarct size and cardiac contractile recovery between control and rGDF15-treated rats. Contrary to our expectations, ischemia-reperfusion did not increase GDF15 plasma levels compared to sham-operated rats. However, cardiac protein and mRNA expression increased in the infarcted zone of the ischemic heart after 24 h of reperfusion. Notably, preconditioning with rGDF15 had a cardioprotective effect, reducing infarct size both in vivo (65 ± 5% in control vs. 42 ± 6% in rGDF15 groups) and ex vivo (60 ± 4% in control vs. 45 ± 4% in rGDF15 groups), while enhancing cardiac contractile recovery ex vivo. However, postconditioning with rGDF15 did not alter infarct size or the recovery of contractile parameters in vivo or ex vivo. These novel findings reveal that the short-term exogenous administration of rGDF15 before ischemia, at physiologically relevant levels, protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury in both in vivo and ex vivo settings. The ex vivo results indicate that rGDF15 operates independently of the inflammatory, endocrine and nervous systems, suggesting direct and potent cardioprotective properties against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Dogon
- Research Team: Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgundy, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eve Rigal
- Research Team: Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgundy, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eliot Potel
- Research Team: Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgundy, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marie Josse
- Research Team: Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgundy, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Luc Rochette
- Research Team: Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgundy, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Yannick Bejot
- Research Team: Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgundy, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
- Department of Neurology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Research Team: Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgundy, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.
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2
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Lin H, Chu J, Yuan D, Wang K, Chen F, Liu X. MiR-206 may regulate mitochondrial ROS contribute to the progression of Myocardial infarction via TREM1. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:470. [PMID: 37730550 PMCID: PMC10512505 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of mortality. To better understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms, we used bioinformatic tools and molecular experiments to explore the pathogenesis and prognostic markers. Differential gene expression analysis was conducted using GSE60993 and GSE66360 datasets. Hub genes were identified through pathway enrichment analysis and PPI network construction, and four hub genes (AQP9, MMP9, FPR1, and TREM1) were evaluated for their predictive performance using AUC and qRT-PCR. miR-206 was identified as a potential regulator of TREM1. Finally, miR-206 was found to induce EC senescence and ER stress through upregulating mitochondrial ROS levels via TREM1. These findings may contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of MI and identifying potential prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.389, Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200092, Putuo District, China
| | - Jiapeng Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.389, Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200092, Putuo District, China
| | - Deqiang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.389, Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200092, Putuo District, China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.389, Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200092, Putuo District, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.389, Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200092, Putuo District, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.389, Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200092, Putuo District, China.
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3
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Fu C, Wang M, Lu Y, Pan J, Li Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang A, Huang Y, Sun J, Liu C. Polygonum orientale L. Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Induced Injury via Activation of MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093687. [PMID: 37175097 PMCID: PMC10180121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Polygonum orientale L. (PO) has a beneficial effect on treatment of myocardial ischemia (MI), its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological mechanism of PO against MI through MAPK signaling pathways. Firstly, the therapeutic effect of PO was evaluated for treatment of MI mice. Using Western blot and immunohistochemistry, the influence of PO on MAPK signaling pathways and cell apoptosis was investigated. Subsequently, one key pathway (ERK) of MAPK signaling pathways was screened out, on which PO posed the most obvious impact. Finally, an inhibitor of ERK1/2 was utilized to further verify the regulatory effect of PO on the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. It was found that PO could reduce the elevation of the ST segment; injury of heart tissue; the activity of LDH, CK, NOS, cNOS and iNOS and the levels of NO, BNP, TNF-α and IL-6. It is notable that PO could significantly modulate the protein content of p-ERK/ERK in mice suffering from MI but hardly had an effect on p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38. Additionally, the expressions of bax, caspase3 and caspase9 were inhibited in heart tissue in the PO-treated group. To evaluate whether ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) could block the effect of PO on treatment of MI, both PO and PD98059 were given to mice with MI. It was discovered that the inhibitor indeed could significantly reverse the regulatory effects of PO on the above indicators, indicating that PO could regulate p-ERK/ERK. This study provides experimental evidence that PO extenuates MI injury, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Mingjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yueting Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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4
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Bourque K, Hawey C, Jiang A, Mazarura GR, Hébert TE. Biosensor-based profiling to track cellular signalling in patient-derived models of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110239. [PMID: 34990783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) represent a diverse group of cardiovascular diseases impacting the structure and function of the myocardium. To better treat these diseases, we need to understand the impact of such cardiomyopathies on critical signalling pathways that drive disease progression downstream of receptors we often target therapeutically. Our understanding of cellular signalling events has progressed substantially in the last few years, in large part due to the design, validation and use of biosensor-based approaches to studying such events in cells, tissues and in some cases, living animals. Another transformative development has been the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate disease-relevant models from individual patients. We highlight the importance of going beyond monocellular cultures to incorporate the influence of paracrine signalling mediators. Finally, we discuss the recent coalition of these approaches in the context of DCM. We discuss recent work in generating patient-derived models of cardiomyopathies and the utility of using signalling biosensors to track disease progression and test potential therapeutic strategies that can be later used to inform treatment options in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cara Hawey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alyson Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Grace R Mazarura
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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5
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Dong J, Zhang D, Li J, Liu Y, Zhou S, Yang Y, Xu N, Yang Q, Ai X. Genistein Inhibits the Pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila by Disrupting Quorum Sensing Mediated Biofilm Formation and Aerolysin Production. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:753581. [PMID: 34650438 PMCID: PMC8505762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.753581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for a variety of infectious diseases both in human and animals, particularly aquatic animals. Moreover, the pathogen has become a foodborne pathogen by transmitting from seafood to human. The abuse of antibiotics in aquaculture results in the emergence of antibiotic resistance and treatment failure. Therefore, novel approaches are urgently needed for managing resistant A. hydrophila associated infections. Aerolysin, an essential virulence factor of pathogenic A. hydrophila strain, has been identified as target developing novel drugs against pathogenesis of A. hydrophila. In the present study, genistein, without anti-A. hydrophila activity, was identified that could decrease the production of aerolysin and biofilm formation at a dose-dependent manner. Transcription of aerolysin encoding gene aerA and quorum sensing related genes ahyI and ahyR was significantly down-regulated when co-cultured with genistein. Cell viability studies demonstrated that genistein could significantly improve aerolysin mediated A549 cell injury. Furthermore, genistein could provide a remarkable protection to channel catfish infected with A. hydrophila. These findings indicate that targeting quorum sensing and virulence can be a useful approach developing drugs against A. hydrophila infections in aquaculture. Moreover, genistein can be chosen as a promising candidate in developing drugs against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Defu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuhong Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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6
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Xue Y, Zhang M, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Chu X, Liu Y, Li Z, Han X, Chu L. [8]-Gingerol exerts anti-myocardial ischemic effects in rats via modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway and L-type Ca 2+ channels. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00852. [PMID: 34390539 PMCID: PMC8364294 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia (MI) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Therefore, it is urgent to seek the treatment to protect the heart. [8]‐Gingerol (8‐Gin), one of the most active ingredients in ginger, has antioxidant, cardiotonic, and cardiovascular protective properties. The present study elucidated the cardioprotection effects and underlying mechanisms of 8‐Gin in isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced MI. ISO (85 mg/kg/d) was subcutaneously injected for 2 consecutive days to induce acute MI model in rats. Electrocardiography, oxidative stress levels, calcium concentrations, and apoptosis degree were observed. The effects of 8‐Gin on L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa‐L), contraction, and Ca2+ transients were monitored in rat myocytes via patch‐clamp and IonOptix detection systems. 8‐Gin decreased J‐point elevation and heart rate and improved pathological heart damage. Moreover, 8‐Gin reduced the levels of CK, LDH, and MDA, ROS production, and calcium concentrations in myocardial tissue, while increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH. In addition, 8‐Gin down‐regulated Caspase‐3 and Bax expressions, while up‐regulated Bcl‐2 expression. 8‐Gin produced a marked decrease in the expression of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 proteins. 8‐Gin inhibited ICa‐L, cell contraction, and Ca2+ transients in isolated rat myocytes. The results indicate that 8‐Gin could exert anti‐myocardial ischemic effects, which may be associated with oxidative stress reduction, cardiomyocytes apoptosis inhibition through MAPK signaling pathway, and Ca2+ homeostasis regulation via ICa‐L modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Xue
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Chu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziliang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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7
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Poasakate A, Maneesai P, Rattanakanokchai S, Bunbupha S, Tong-Un T, Pakdeechote P. Genistein Prevents Nitric Oxide Deficiency-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020237. [PMID: 33557258 PMCID: PMC7914683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone found in soybeans. This study evaluates the protective effects of genistein on Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with L-NAME 40 mg/kg/day together for 5 weeks, with or without genistein at a dose of 40 or 80 mg/kg/day or lisinopril 5 mg/kg/day (n = 8 per group). Genistein prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats. Increases in the left ventricular weight, metalloproteinase-2, metalloproteinase-9, and collagen type I intensity were observed in L-NAME rats, and these changes were attenuated in the genistein-treated group. Genistein reduced circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and angiotensin II concentrations in L-NAME rats. L-NAME increased plasma and cardiac malondialdehyde and vascular superoxide generations, as well as reductions of serum and cardiac catalase activities in rats. Plasma nitrate/nitrite were protected in the genistein-treated group. Genistein prevented the L-NAME-induced overexpression of angiotensin II receptor type I (AT1R), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit 2 (gp91phox), and transforming growth factor beta I (TGF-β1) in hypertensive rats. In conclusion, genistein exhibited a cardioprotective effect in hypertensive rats in this study. The molecular mechanisms might be mediated by suppression of oxidative stress through the Ang II/AT1R/NADPH oxidase/TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuson Poasakate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.P.); (P.M.); (T.T.-U.)
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.P.); (P.M.); (T.T.-U.)
| | | | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand;
| | - Terdthai Tong-Un
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.P.); (P.M.); (T.T.-U.)
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.P.); (P.M.); (T.T.-U.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-86-852-6060; Fax: +66-4334-8394
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8
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Zheng H, Su Y, Zhu C, Quan D, Skaro AI, McAlister V, Lacefield JC, Jiang J, Xue P, Wang Y, Zheng X. An Addition of U0126 Protecting Heart Grafts From Prolonged Cold Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Heart Transplantation: A New Preservation Strategy. Transplantation 2021; 105:308-317. [PMID: 32776778 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the major cause of primary graft dysfunction in organ transplantation. The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cell physiological and pathological processes including IRI. This study aims to investigate whether inhibition of ERK signaling with U0126 can prevent prolonged cold IRI in heart transplantation. METHODS Rat cardiac cell line H9c2 cells were treated with U0126 before exposure to hypothermic hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions. The effect of U0126 on H9c2 cells in response to H/R stress was determined by measuring cell death, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ERK signaling activation. Mouse syngeneic heterotopic heart transplantation was conducted, where a donor heart was preserved in the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution supplemented with U0126 for 24 hours at 4°C before transplantation. Heart graft function, histopathologic changes, apoptosis, and fibrosis were measured to assess IRI. RESULTS Phosphorylated ERK was increased in both in vitro H/R-injured H9c2 cells and in vivo heart grafts with IRI. Pretreatment with U0126 inhibited ERK phosphorylation and prevented H9c2 cells from cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss in response to H/R. Preservation of donor hearts with U0126-supplemented solution improved graft function and reduced IRI by reductions in cell apoptosis/death, neutrophil infiltration, and fibrosis of the graft. CONCLUSIONS Addition of U0126 to UW solution reduces ERK signal activation and attenuates prolonged cold IRI in a heart transplantation model. ERK inhibition with U0126 may be a useful strategy to minimize IRI in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yale Su
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cuilin Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Douglas Quan
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anton I Skaro
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vivian McAlister
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - James C Lacefield
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jifu Jiang
- Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peng Xue
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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9
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Hu J, Cai M, Liu Y, Liu B, Xue X, Ji R, Bian X, Lou S. The roles of GRP81 as a metabolic sensor and inflammatory mediator. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8938-8950. [PMID: 32342523 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GPR81 (also named as HCA1) is a member of a subfamily of orphan G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), coupled to Gi -type G proteins. GPR81 was discovered in 2001 and identified as the only known endogenous receptor of lactate under physiological conditions in 2008, which opened a new field of research on how lactate may act as a signal molecule along with the GPR81 expression in the roles of metabolic process and inflammatory response. Recent studies showed that the physiological functions of GPR81 include lipid metabolism in adipose tissues, metabolic excitability in the brain, cellular development, and inflammatory response modulation. These findings may reveal a novel therapeutic strategy to treat clinical, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This article will summarize past research on GPR81, including its characteristics of distribution and expression, functional residues, pharmacological, and physiological agonists, involvement in signal transduction, and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruifang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuepeng Bian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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10
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Zhang K, Tu M, Gao W, Cai X, Song F, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Wang J, Jin C, Shi J, Yang X, Zhu Y, Gu W, Hu B, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Tian M. Hollow Prussian Blue Nanozymes Drive Neuroprotection against Ischemic Stroke via Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Counteracting Inflammation, and Suppressing Cell Apoptosis. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2812-2823. [PMID: 30908916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) following ischemic insult is known as a key factor in exacerbating brain damage. Thus, RONS scavengers that can block excessive production of RONS have great therapeutic potential. Herein, we propose an efficient treatment strategy in which an artificial nanozyme with multienzyme activity drives neuroprotection against ischemic stroke primarily by scavenging RONS. Specifically, through a facile, Bi3+-assisted, template-free synthetic strategy, we developed hollow Prussian blue nanozymes (HPBZs) with multienzyme activity to scavenge RONS in a rat model of ischemic stroke. The comprehensive characteristics of HPBZs against RONS were explored. Apart from attenuating oxidative stress, HPBZs also suppressed apoptosis and counteracted inflammation both in vitro and in vivo, thereby contributing to increased brain tolerance of ischemic injury with minimal side effects. This study provides a proof of concept for a novel class of neuroprotective nanoagents that might be beneficial for treatment of ischemic stroke and other RONS-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated , Shanghai 200233 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated , Shanghai 200233 , P. R. China
| | - Fahuan Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , P. R. China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200082 , P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tenth People's Hospital , Tongji University , Shanghai 200072 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , P. R. China
| | - Chentao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , P. R. China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , P. R. China
| | - Yuankai Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , P. R. China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310051 , P. R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated , Shanghai 200233 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated , Shanghai 200233 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , P. R. China
- Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001 , P. R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , P. R. China
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FPR1 gene silencing suppresses cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ventricular remodeling in rats with ischemia/reperfusion injury through the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:506-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Yu LM, Di WC, Dong X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Xue XD, Xu YL, Zhang J, Xiao X, Han JS, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang HS. Melatonin protects diabetic heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury, role of membrane receptor-dependent cGMP-PKG activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:563-578. [PMID: 29196237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the anti-oxidative and cardioprotective effects of melatonin are, at least in part, mediated by its membrane receptors. However, the direct downstream signaling remains unknown. We previously found that melatonin ameliorated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury in diabetic animals, although the underlying mechanisms are also incompletely understood. This study was designed to determine the role of melatonin membrane receptors in melatonin's cardioprotective actions against diabetic MI/R injury with a focus on cGMP and its downstream effector PKG. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats and high-glucose medium-incubated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were utilized to determine the effects of melatonin against MI/R injury. Melatonin treatment preserved cardiac function and reduced oxidative damage and apoptosis. Additionally, melatonin increased intracellular cGMP level, PKGIα expression, p-VASP/VASP ratio and further modulated myocardial Nrf-2-HO-1 and MAPK signaling. However, these effects were blunted by KT5823 (a selective inhibitor of PKG) or PKGIα siRNA except that intracellular cGMP level did not changed significantly. Additionally, our in vitro study showed that luzindole (a nonselective melatonin membrane receptor antagonist) or 4P-PDOT (a selective MT2 receptor antagonist) not only blocked the cytoprotective effect of melatonin, but also attenuated the stimulatory effect of melatonin on cGMP-PKGIα signaling and its modulatory effect on Nrf-2-HO-1 and MAPK signaling. This study showed that melatonin ameliorated diabetic MI/R injury by modulating Nrf-2-HO-1 and MAPK signaling, thus reducing myocardial apoptosis and oxidative stress and preserving cardiac function. Importantly, melatonin membrane receptors (especially MT2 receptor)-dependent cGMP-PKGIα signaling played a critical role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yin-Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jin-Song Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Hui-Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Min J, Wei C. Hydroxysafflor yellow A cardioprotection in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury mainly via Akt/hexokinase II independent of ERK/GSK-3β pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:419-426. [PMID: 28068632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the main active component of Carthamus tinctorius L which has been used for hundreds of years in Chinese folk medicine in the treatment cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to investigate whether HSYA exerts cardioprotection in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury heart and the mechanisms involved. The protective effect and mechanisms in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury of HSYA was evaluated by hypoxia-recover (H/R) injury cell model which induced by hypoxia and recovered with oxygen in H9c2 cells. PI3K/Akt and ERK as the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway and Hexokinase II (HKII) were both examined. In H/R cell model, HSYA significantly reduced dehydrogenase (LDH), Caspase 3 level, alleviated oxidative stress injury and apoptosis, meanwhile restored mitochondrial energy metabolism. Pretreatment with PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) or hexokinase II inhibitor (3-BrPA), the protective effect of HSYA was significantly attenuated. On the contrary, pretreatment with ERK inhibitor (PD98059), the protective effect of HSYA on myocardial cells was decreased slightly, not as significant as PI3K inhibitor or hexokinase II inhibitor. ERK play a protective role in myocardial protection by phosphorylation of GSK3-β, but the effect of HSYA on phosphorylation of GSK3-β is weakly, however the effect of HSYA on Akt and hexokinase II were significantly up-regulated. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of GSK3-β by HSYA was significantly reduced after gave the ERK inhibitor and had no significant difference between the model group. The cardioprotection effect of HSYA appears to be mainly mediated via the PI3K/Akt/hexokinase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Min
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Cui Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China.
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The Role of ERK1/2 in the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122001. [PMID: 27941647 PMCID: PMC5187801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition that affects carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism and may impair numerous organs and functions of the organism. Cardiac dysfunction afflicts many patients who experience the oxidative stress of the heart. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the major complications that accounts for more than half of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality cases. Chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia from diabetes mellitus cause cardiac oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, impaired cellular calcium handling, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, which ultimately lead to DCM. Although many studies have explored the mechanisms leading to DCM, the pathophysiology of DCM has not yet been fully clarified. In fact, as a potential mechanism, the associations between DCM development and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation have been the subjects of tremendous interest. Nonetheless, much remains to be investigated, such as tissue- and cell-specific processes of selection of MAPK activation between pro-apoptotic vs. pro-survival fate, as well as their relation with the pathogenesis of diabetes and associated complications. In general, it turns out that MAPK signaling pathways, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase, are demonstrated to be actively involved in myocardial dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis and heart failure. As one of MAPK family members, the activation of ERK1/2 has also been known to be involved in cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. However, many recent studies have demonstrated that ERK1/2 signaling activation also plays a crucial role in FGF21 signaling and exerts a protective environment of glucose and lipid metabolism, therefore preventing abnormal healing and cardiac dysfunction. The duration, extent, and subcellular compartment of ERK1/2 activation are vital to differential biological effects of ERK1/2. Moreover, many intracellular events, including mitochondrial signaling and protein kinases, manipulate signaling upstream and downstream of MAPK, to influence myocardial survival or death. In this review, we will summarize the roles of ERK1/2 pathways in DCM development by the evidence from current studies and will present novel opinions on "differential influence of ERK1/2 action in cardiac dysfunction, and protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury".
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Zhang L, Wang X, Cao H, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhao X, Xu F, Wang Y, Woo AYH, Zhu W. Vasopressin V 1A receptor mediates cell proliferation through GRK2-EGFR-ERK 1/2 pathway in A7r5 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 792:15-25. [PMID: 27773680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle (VSMC), as the main structural component of the vasculature, is an important pathological mechanism of hypertension. Recently, increased levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and copeptin, the C-terminal fragment of provasopressin, have been shown to correlate with the development of preeclampsia. AVP targets on the Gq-coupled vasopressin V1A receptor and the Gs-coupled V2 receptor in VSMC and the kidneys to regulate vascular tone and water homeostasis. However, the role of the vasopressin receptor on VSM cell proliferation during vascular remodeling is unclear. Here, we studied the effects of AVP on the proliferation of the rat VSMC-derived A7r5 cells. AVP, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, promoted A7r5 cell proliferation as indicated by the induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium reduction and incorporation of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine into cellular DNA. These effects, coupled with the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), were blocked by a V1A receptor antagonist SR45059 but not by a V2 receptor antagonist lixivaptan. Although acute activation of V1A receptor induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway, this effect was not involved in cell proliferation. Cell proliferation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to prolonged stimulation with AVP were abolished by inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using specific inhibitors or small hairpin RNA knock-down. These results suggest that activation of V1A, but not V2 receptor, produces a cell proliferative signal in A7r5 cells via a GRK2/EGFR/ERK1/2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yunxuan Chen
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xianfan Chen
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Oyagbemi AA, Bester D, Esterhuyse J, Farombi EO. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid of Garcinia kola seed mitigates ischemic/reperfusion injury by modulation of pro-survival and apoptotic signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 6:42-49. [PMID: 28163959 PMCID: PMC5289087 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160923100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of Kolaviron (KV) on ischemic/reperfusion injury in experimental animal models. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 received corn oil as a vehicle and rats in Group 2 were administered KV at 200 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The rats were fed with rat standard chow pellet and water administered ad libitum. After 4 weeks of KV administration, hearts were excised and mounted on the working heart perfusion system. Western blot analysis for protein expression was carried out on frozen heart samples. Results: There was significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase with concomitant reduction in oxygen radical absorbance capacity in ischemic rat heart of control compared to group pre-treated with KV, respectively. Similarly, intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were significantly elevated in control compared to KV pre-treated rats. KV significantly increased total Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), phosphorylated Akt/PKB at serine 473 and also caused a significant reduction in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Caspase 3, and cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase. Conclusion: Taken together, KV offered significant cardioprotection via free radical scavenging activity and upregulation of pro-survival pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Bester
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Johan Esterhuyse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Kaempferol Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic Injury via Inhibition of MAPK Signaling Pathway in Experimental Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7580731. [PMID: 27087891 PMCID: PMC4819110 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7580731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol (KMP), a dietary flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Hence, we investigated the effect of KMP in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model of myocardial injury in rats. We studied male albino Wistar rats that were divided into sham, IR-control, KMP-20 + IR, and KMP 20 per se groups. KMP (20 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered daily to rats for the period of 15 days, and, on the 15th day, ischemia was produced by one-stage ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. After completion of surgery, rats were sacrificed; heart was removed and processed for biochemical, morphological, and molecular studies. KMP pretreatment significantly ameliorated IR injury by maintaining cardiac function, normalizing oxidative stress, and preserving morphological alterations. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the level of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and NFκB), inhibition of active JNK and p38 proteins, and activation of ERK1/ERK2, a prosurvival kinase. Additionally, it also attenuated apoptosis by reducing the expression of proapoptotic proteins (Bax and Caspase-3), TUNEL positive cells, and increased level of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). In conclusion, KMP protected against IR injury by attenuating inflammation and apoptosis through the modulation of MAPK pathway.
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Liu P, You W, Lin L, Lin Y, Tang X, Liu Y, Miao F. Helix B Surface Peptide Protects against Acute Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the RISK and SAFE Pathways in a Mouse Model. Cardiology 2016; 134:109-17. [PMID: 26938973 DOI: 10.1159/000443680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the effects of helix B surface peptide (HBSP) on myocardial infarct size (IS), cardiac function, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress damage in mouse hearts subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and also the mechanisms underlying the effects. METHOD Male adult mice were subjected to 45 min of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion; 5 min before the reperfusion, they were treated with HBSP or vehicle. MIRI-induced IS, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac functional impairment were determined and compared. Western blot analysis was then conducted to elucidate the mechanism of HBSP after treatment. RESULTS HBSP administration before reperfusion significantly reduced the myocardial IS, decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde and partially preserved heart function. As demonstrated by the Western blot analysis, HBSP after treatment upregulated Akt/GSK-3β/ERK and STAT-3 phosphorylation; these inhibitors, in turn, weakened the beneficial effects of HBSP. CONCLUSION HBSP plays a protective role in MIRI in mice by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reducing the MIRI-induced IS, oxidative stress and improving the heart function after MIRI. The mechanism underlying these effects of HBSP is related to the activation of the RISK (reperfusion injury salvage kinase, Akt/GSK-3β/ERK) and SAFE (STAT-3) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun G, Ye N, Dai D, Chen Y, Li C, Sun Y. The Protective Role of the TOPK/PBK Pathway in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion and H₂O₂-Induced Injury in H9C2 Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:267. [PMID: 26907268 PMCID: PMC4813131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-LAK-cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is a PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) that was recently identified as a novel member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. It has been shown to play an important role in many cellular functions. However, its role in cardiac function remains unclear. Thus, we have herein explored the biological function of TOPK in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and oxidative stress injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. I/R and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) were induced in rats by 3-hour reperfusion after 30-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and by 3 cycles of 5-min I/R. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce oxidative stress in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. TOPK expression was analyzed by western blotting, RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence imaging studies. The effects of TOPK gene overexpression and its inhibition via its inhibitor HI-TOPK-032 on cell viability and Bcl-2, Bax, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 protein expression were analyzed by MTS assay and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that IPC alleviated myocardial I/R injury and induced TOPK activation. Furthermore, H2O2 induced TOPK phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. Interestingly, TOPK inhibition aggravated the H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury in myocardiocytes, whereas overexpression relieved it. In addition, the ERK pathway was positively regulated by TOPK signaling. In conclusion, our results indicate that TOPK might mediate a novel survival signal in myocardial I/R, and that its effect on anti-oxidative stress involves the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ning Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Dongxue Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yintao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Ganai AA, Farooqi H. Bioactivity of genistein: A review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Effect of Electroacupuncture on Cell Apoptosis and ERK Signal Pathway in the Hippocampus of Adult Rats with Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:414965. [PMID: 26633985 PMCID: PMC4655048 DOI: 10.1155/2015/414965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background. EA therapy is a traditional therapeutic approach for alleviation of cerebral I/R-induced brain injury. We investigated the effect of EA on MCAO rat model to examine the mechanism of apoptosis in the rat hippocampus. Methods. 200 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, EA, ERK inhibitor (PD), and ERK inhibitor+EA (PD+EA) groups. Each group was subdivided into 5 groups according to different time points. Locomotor behaviors were evaluated using neurological scales and morphological examination was performed using HE staining. Apoptosis index of neural cells in local infarcted area was measured by TUNEL and p-ERK expression was detected using immunohistochemistry technique and western blot analysis. Results. Neurological deficit scores and neural apoptosis in the EA group were lower than I/R group at the same time points, respectively. At different time points, p-ERK level was increased in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 in the EA group as compared to I/R group; the increased level was increased most at 1 day, 3 days, and 1 week (p < 0.01). Conclusion. EA alleviates neurological deficit, reduces apoptosis index, and simultaneously upregulates the expression of p-ERK signal pathway in rats subjected to I/R injury.
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Cao J, Qin G, Shi R, Bai F, Yang G, Zhang M, Lv J. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and activation of MAPKs are involved in apoptosis induced by PM2.5in rat cardiac H9c2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:609-17. [PMID: 26472149 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- The First Clinical Hospital; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi Province China
| | - Gang Qin
- The First Clinical Hospital; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi Province China
| | - Ruizan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Xinjiannanlu 56 Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi Province China
| | - Feng Bai
- The First Clinical Hospital; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi Province China
| | - Guangzhao Yang
- The First Clinical Hospital; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi Province China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanxi Medical University; Xinjiannanlu 56 Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi Province China
| | - Jiyuan Lv
- The First Clinical Hospital; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi Province China
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Yang S, Li H, Tang L, Ge G, Ma J, Qiao Z, Liu H, Fang W. Apelin-13 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury through the RISK-GSK-3β-mPTP pathway. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:1065-73. [PMID: 26528352 PMCID: PMC4624751 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.54863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apelin plays an important role in the protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, while the mechanism still remains unclear. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of apelin-13, and the main mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS The in vivo I/R injury model (Sprague-Dawley rat) was established, then infarct size, expression levels of phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt), phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) were measured. The fluorescence intensity of tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate (TMRE) of the isolated myocardial cells was determined to evaluate the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) caused by oxidant stress and hypoxia/reoxygenation. RESULTS For the established I/R injury model, apelin-13 and SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitor) significantly reduced the infarct size (p < 0.05), which could be abolished by LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), PD98059 (MEK inhibitor) and atractyloside (mPTP accelerator). The enhanced expression levels of p-Akt, p-ERK and p-GSK-3β caused by apelin-13 (p < 0.05) could be counteracted by LY294002 and PD98059. The reduced fluorescence intensity of TMRE in the H2O2/apelin-13 and H2O2/SB216763 treated groups was significantly lower (p < 0.05), indicating that apelin-13 and SB216763 could reduce the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential caused by oxidant stress, and the fluorescence intensity in the hypoxia/reoxygenation + apelin-13 group was significantly lower (p < 0.05), which suggested that apelin-13 could inhibit the mitochondrial membrane potential changes induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. CONCLUSIONS The protective mechanism of apelin-13 might be that inactivation of GSK-3β could inhibit the opening of mPTP by activating PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 involved in the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuansuo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Medical Graduate, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghao Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangwei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengyong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Lin Y, Sibanda VL, Zhang HM, Hu H, Liu H, Guo AY. MiRNA and TF co-regulatory network analysis for the pathology and recurrence of myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9653. [PMID: 25867756 PMCID: PMC4394890 DOI: 10.1038/srep09653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death in the world and many genes are involved in it. Transcription factor (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression. We hypothesized that miRNAs and TFs might play combinatory regulatory roles in MI. After collecting MI candidate genes and miRNAs from various resources, we constructed a comprehensive MI-specific miRNA-TF co-regulatory network by integrating predicted and experimentally validated TF and miRNA targets. We found some hub nodes (e.g. miR-16 and miR-26) in this network are important regulators, and the network can be severed as a bridge to interpret the associations of previous results, which is shown by the case of miR-29 in this study. We also constructed a regulatory network for MI recurrence and found several important genes (e.g. DAB2, BMP6, miR-320 and miR-103), the abnormal expressions of which may be potential regulatory mechanisms and markers of MI recurrence. At last we proposed a cellular model to discuss major TF and miRNA regulators with signaling pathways in MI. This study provides more details on gene expression regulation and regulators involved in MI progression and recurrence. It also linked up and interpreted many previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Vusumuzi Leroy Sibanda
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Hubei Bioinformatics &Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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25
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Smith LE, White MY. The role of post-translational modifications in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 8:506-21. [PMID: 24961403 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, accounting for both primary diseases of the heart and vasculature and arising as a co-morbidity with numerous pathologies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There has been significant emphasis on the role of the genome in CVD, aiding in the definition of 'at-risk' patients. The extent of disease penetrance however, can be influenced by environmental factors that are not detectable by investigating the genome alone. By targeting the transcriptome in response to CVD, the interplay between genome and environment is more apparent, however this implies the level of protein expression without reference to proteolytic turnover, or potentially more importantly, without defining the role of PTMs in the development of disease. Here, we discuss the role of both brief and irreversible PTMs in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Key proteins involved in calcium regulation have been observed as differentially modified by phosphorylation/O-GlcNAcylation or phosphorylation/redox modifications, with the level of interplay dependent on the physiological or pathophysiological state. The ability to modify crucial sites to produce the desired functional output is modulated by the presence of other PTMs as exemplified in the T2DM heart, where hyperglycemia results in aberrant O-GlcNAcylation and advanced glycation end products. By using the signalling events predicted to be critical to post-conditioning, an intervention with great promise for the cardioprotection of the ischemia/reperfusion injured heart, as an example, we discuss the level of PTMs and their interplay. The inability of post-conditioning to protect the diabetic heart may be regulated by aberrant PTMs influencing those sites necessary for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Smith
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Su D, Liu J, Cheng Y, Zou L, Li W, Jiang Y. Inhibiting (pro)renin receptor-mediated p38 MAPK signaling decreases hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 403:267-76. [PMID: 25711402 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor is a new molecular member of the renin-angiotensin system and participates in regulating many physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of (pro)renin receptor-mediated signaling pathways in myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway activation by the (pro)renin receptor had effects on myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion. This analysis was performed using a hypoxia/reoxygenation model in H9c2 cells to mimic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cell line was subjected to 2 h of hypoxia followed by 6 h of reoxygenation. The (pro)renin receptor, caspase 3, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expression levels were analyzed by Western blot. After 2 h of hypoxia followed by 6 h of reoxygenation, apoptosis increased in H9c2 cells; the (pro)renin receptor, caspase 3, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expressions were upregulated. siRNA silencing of the (pro)renin receptor significantly decreased p38 MAPK phosphorylation. siRNA silencing of the (pro)renin receptor and treatment with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 significantly decreased the hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis and caspase 3 protein expression in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, we found that the role of the (pro)renin receptor was independent of angiotensin II (Ang II). Thus, we concluded that (pro)renin receptor activation could trigger hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells, partially through the p38 MAPK/caspase 3 signaling pathway, independent of Ang II. Therefore, this study may provide new therapeutic targets for myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury prevention, and further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Lianhe Road No. 193, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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27
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Yang H, Li N, Song LN, Wang L, Tian C, Tang CS, Du J, Li HH, Yu XH, Wang HX. Activation of NOD1 by DAP contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via multiple signaling pathways. Apoptosis 2015; 20:512-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lambert JP, Nicholson CK, Amin H, Amin S, Calvert JW. Hydrogen sulfide provides cardioprotection against myocardial/ischemia reperfusion injury in the diabetic state through the activation of the RISK pathway. Med Gas Res 2014; 4:20. [PMID: 25525500 PMCID: PMC4269946 DOI: 10.1186/s13618-014-0020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease remains the principal cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic mice display exacerbated injury following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) and are resistant to most therapeutic interventions. We have reported that sodium sulfide (Na2S) therapy confers cardioprotection during MI/R in non-diabetic mice. Here we tested the hypothesis that Na2S therapy would limit the extent of myocardial injury following MI/R when administered at the time of reperfusion. Methods and results Diabetic mice (db/db, 12 weeks of age) were subjected to transient myocardial ischemia for a period of 30 minutes followed by reperfusion up to 24 hours. Na2S (0.05 to 1 mg/kg) or saline (vehicle) was administered into the left ventricular lumen at the time of reperfusion. Na2S therapy significantly decreased myocardial injury in the db/db diabetic mouse, as evidenced by a reduction in infarct size and circulating troponin-I levels. The reduction in myocardial injury was also associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 expression. In an effort to evaluate the signaling mechanism responsible for the observed cardioprotection, additional groups of mice were sacrificed during early reperfusion. Hearts were excised and processed for Western blot analysis. These studies revealed that Na2S therapy activated the Erk1/2 arm of the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) pathway. Conclusion These findings provide important information that myocardial Erk1/2 activation by Na2S therapy following MI/R sets into motion events, which ultimately lead to cardioprotection in the setting of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Lambert
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 380 Northyards Boulevard, Suite B, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA
| | - Chad K Nicholson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 380 Northyards Boulevard, Suite B, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA
| | - Hena Amin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 380 Northyards Boulevard, Suite B, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA
| | - Sana Amin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 380 Northyards Boulevard, Suite B, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 380 Northyards Boulevard, Suite B, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA
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29
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Zhang B, Bian X, He P, Fu X, Higuchi K, Yang X, Li D. The toxicity mechanisms of action of Aβ25-35 in isolated rat cardiac myocytes. Molecules 2014; 19:12242-57. [PMID: 25123188 PMCID: PMC6271843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) is deposited in neurons and vascular cells of the brain and is characterized as a pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently studies have reported that there is an association between cardiovascular risk factors and AD, however the mechanism of this association is still uncertain. In this study we observed Aβ had an effect on cardiovascular cells. We represent as a major discovery that Aβ25-35 had toxicity on isolated rat cardiac myocytes by impacting the cytoskeleton assembly and causing ER stress, ultimately contributing to the apoptosis of the myocytes. Importantly, the activation of ER stress and subsequent cellular dysfunction and apoptosis by Aβ25-35 was regulated by the MAPK pathway, which could be prevented by inhibition of p38 via pharmacological inhibitors. It was noteworthy that Aβ25-35 played a critical role in cardiac myocytes, suggesting that Alzheimer's disease (AD) had a relation with the heart and understanding of these associations in future will help search for effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiru Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Xiaohui Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Ping He
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Detian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Preventive Effect of Total Flavones of Choerospondias axillaries on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Infarction-Related MAPK Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2013; 14:145-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Chen J, Terada N, Saitoh Y, Huang Z, Ohno N, Ohno S. Detection of MAPK signal transduction proteins in an ischemia/reperfusion model of mouse intestine using in vivo cryotechnique. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:491-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Liu X, Ye M, An C, Pan L, Ji L. The effect of cationic albumin-conjugated PEGylated tanshinone IIA nanoparticles on neuronal signal pathways and neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6893-905. [PMID: 23768781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeted treatment of ischemic stroke remains problem due to the complex pathogenesis of this disease and the difficulty in drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the present study, the delivery efficiency of cationic bovine serum albumin-conjugated tanshinone IIA PEGylated nanoparticles (CBSA-PEG-TIIA-NPs) in rat brain was investigated. We further explored whether the protective mechanism of CBSA-PEG-TIIA-NPs in cerebral ischemia was associated with modulating neuronal signaling pathways. The experimental cerebral ischemia model was established to evaluate the treatment efficacy of CBSA-PEG-TIIA-NPs. The pharmacokinetics demonstrated that CBSA-PEG-TIIA-NPs could obviously prolong circulation time and increase plasma concentration compared with intravenously administrated TIIA solution. The biodistribution and brain uptake study confirmed that CBSA-PEG-TIIA-NPs possessed better brain delivery efficacy with a high drug accumulation and fluorescence quantitative level in brain. CBSA-PEG-TIIA-NPs effectively reduced infarction volume, neurological dysfunctions, neutrophils infiltration and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, CBSA-PEG-TIIA-NPs significantly suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8; upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and increase TGF-β1 level in the ischemic brain. In addition, treatment with CBSA-PEG-TIIA-NPs markedly inhibited the mRNA expressions of GFAP, MMP-9, COX-2, p38MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK, downregulated the protein levels of GFAP, MMP-9 and COX-2, as well as decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK. These results demonstrated that CBSA-PEG-TIIA-NPs displayed remarkable neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke through modulation of MAPK signal pathways involved in the cascades of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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33
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Gross GJ, Hsu A, Pfeiffer AW, Nithipatikom K. Roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET)-induced cardioprotection against infarction in intact rat hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 59:20-9. [PMID: 23419451 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that 11,12 and 14,15-epoxeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) produce cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in dogs and rats. Several signaling mechanisms have been implicated in the cardioprotective actions of the EETs; however, their mechanisms remain largely elusive. Since nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in cardioprotection and EETs have been demonstrated to induce NO production in various tissues, we hypothesized that NO is involved in mediating the EET actions in cardioprotection. To test this hypothesis, we used an in vivo rat model of infarction in which intact rat hearts were subjected to 30-min occlusion of the left coronary artery and 2-hr reperfusion. 11,12-EET or 14,15-EET (2.5mg/kg) administered 10min prior to the occlusion reduced infarct size, expressed as a percentage of the AAR (IS/AAR), from 63.9±0.8% (control) to 45.3±1.2% and 45.5±1.7%, respectively. A nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME (1.0mg/kg) or a selective endothelial NOS inhibitor, L-NIO (0.30mg/kg) alone did not affect IS/AAR but they completely abolished the cardioprotective effects of the EETs. On the other hand, a selective neuronal NOS inhibitor, nNOS I (0.03mg/kg) and a selective inducible NOS inhibitor, 1400W (0.10mg/kg) did not affect IS/AAR or block the cardioprotective effects of the EETs. Administration of 11,12-EET (2.5mg/kg) to the rats also transiently increased the plasma NO concentration. 14,15-EET (10μM) induced the phosphorylation of eNOS (Ser(1177)) as well as a transient increase of NO production in rat cardiomyoblast cell line (H9c2 cells). When 11,12-EET or 14,15-EET was administered at 5min prior to reperfusion, infarct size was also reduced to 42.8±2.2% and 42.6±1.9%, respectively. Interestingly, L-NAME (1.0mg/kg) and a mitochondrial KATP channel blocker, 5-HD (10mg/kg) did not abolish while a sarcolemmal KATP channel blocker, HMR 1098 (6.0mg/kg) and a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opener, atractyloside (5.0mg/kg) completely abolished the cardioprotection produced by the EETs. 14,15-EET (1.5mg/kg) with an inhibitor of MPTP opening, cyclosporin A (CsA, 1.0mg/kg) produced a greater reduction of infarct size than their individual administration. Conversely, an EET antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE, 2.5mg/kg) completely abolished the cardioprotective effects of CsA, suggesting a role of MPTP in mediating the EET actions. Taken together, these results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of the EETs in an acute ischemia-reperfusion model are mediated by distinct mediators depending on the time of EET administration. The cardioprotective effects of EETs administered prior to ischemia were regulated by the activation of eNOS and increased NO production, while sarcKATP channels and MPTP were involved in the beneficial effects of the EETs when administered just prior to reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett J Gross
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Zhang Y, Chen G, Zhong S, Zheng F, Gao F, Chen Y, Huang Z, Cai W, Li W, Liu X, Zheng Y, Xu H, Shi G. N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide ameliorates cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by extracellular calcium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:912310. [PMID: 24392181 PMCID: PMC3857550 DOI: 10.1155/2013/912310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F2) has been shown to antagonize myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by blocking calcium channels. This study explores the biological functions of ERK pathway in cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and clarifies the mechanisms by which F2 ameliorates cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through the extracellular-calcium-dependent and -independent ERK1/2-related pathways. In extracellularcalcium-containing hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes, PKCα and ERK1/2 were activated, Egr-1 protein level and cTnI leakage increased, and cell viability decreased. The ERK1/2 inhibitors suppressed extracellular-calcium-containing-hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Egr-1 overexpression and cardiomyocytes injury. PKCα inhibitor downregulated extracellularcalcium-containing-hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced increase in p-ERK1/2 and Egr-1 expression. F2 downregulated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced elevation of p-PKCα, p-ERK1/2, and Egr-1 expression and inhibited cardiomyocytes damage. The ERK1/2 and PKCα activators antagonized F2's effects. In extracellular-calcium-free-hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes, ERK1/2 was activated, LDH and cTnI leakage increased, and cell viability decreased. F2 and ERK1/2 inhibitors antagonized extracellular-calcium-free-hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced ERK1/2 activation and suppressed cardiomyocytes damage. The ERK1/2 activator antagonized F2's above effects. F2 had no effect on cardiomyocyte cAMP content or PKA and Egr-1 expression. Altogether, ERK activation in extracellular-calcium-containing and extracellular-calcium-free hypoxia/reoxygenation leads to cardiomyocytes damage. F2 may ameliorate cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by regulating the extracellular-calcium-dependent PKCα/ERK1/2/Egr-1 pathway and through the extracellular-calcium-independent ERK1/2 activation independently of the cAMP/PKA pathway or Egr-1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Gaoyong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Fenfei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanqin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiu Li
- Analytical Cytology Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Yanshan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- *Ganggang Shi:
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Chen HP, He M, Mei ZJ, Huang QR, Huang M. Sasanquasaponin up-regulates anion exchanger 3 expression and elicits cardioprotection via NO/RAS/ERK1/2 pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:873-80. [PMID: 22693949 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have shown recently that sasanquasaponin (SQS) can inhibit ischemia/reperfusion-induced elevation of intracellular Cl(-) concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) and elicit cardioprotection by up-regulating anion exchanger 3 (AE(3)) expression. In the present study, we futher analysed the intracellular signal transduction pathways by which SQS up-regulates AE(3) expression and elicits cardioprotection. Cardiomyocytes were incubated for 24 h with or without 10 µmol/L SQS, followed by simulated ischemia/reperfusion (sI/R). NO formation, Ras activity, and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation were measured appropriately. We showed that SQS pretreatment efficiently attenuated viability loss and lactate dehydrogenase leakage induced by sI/R in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, SQS induced NO production and promoted Ras activation, which futher promoted extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. These effects were paralleled by an increase in AE(3) expression. However, when the cardiomyocytes were treated with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO; an NO scavenger), S-trans-trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) (a Ras inhibitor), U0126 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor), respectively, the increase in AE(3) expression occurring during SQS pretreatment was almost completely abolished and, as a result, SQS-induced cardioprotection was prevented. Our findings indicate that SQS might up-regulate AE(3) expression through NO/Ras/ERK1/2 signal pathway to elicit cardioprotection in cultured cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, PR China
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Wu J, Pan Z, Wang Z, Zhu W, Shen Y, Cui R, Lin J, Yu H, Wang Q, Qian J, Yu Y, Zhu D, Lou Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 protection against β-amyloid peptide-induced neuronal apoptosis via estrogen receptor α and glucocorticoid receptor-dependent anti-protein nitration pathway. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:349-61. [PMID: 22534050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) acts as a neuroprotective agent against various insults, however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we report that Rg1 protects primary rat cerebrocortical neurons against β-amyloid peptide₂₅₋₃₅ (Aβ₂₅₋₃₅) injury via estrogen receptor α (ERα) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent anti-protein nitration pathway. In primary rat cerebrocortical neuron cultures under basal conditions, Rg1 leads to nuclear translocation of ERα and GR, induces related responsive gene PR, pS₂ and MKP-1, SGK transcription. Meantime, Rg1 also increases the basal level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In the presence of toxic level of Aβ₂₅₋₃₅, Rg1 maintains ERK1/2 phosphorylation, attenuates iNOS expression, NO production, and inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation, protein nitration and cell death. The antiapoptotic effects of Rg1 via both ERα and GR were abolished by small interfering RNAs (siRNA). ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor U0126 can block downstream iNOS expression and NO generation. Interestingly, the anti-protein nitration effect of Rg1 is well matched with ERα and GR activation, although its anti-ROS production effect is in an ERα- and GR-independent manner. These results suggest that Rg1 ameliorates Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced neuronal apoptosis at least in part by two complementary ERα- and GR-dependent downstream pathways: (1) upregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation followed by inhibiting iNOS expression, NO generation and protein tyrosine nitration. (2) reduction NF-κB nuclear translocation. These data provide new understanding into the mechanisms of Rg1 anti-apoptotic functions after Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ exposure, suggesting that ERα and GR-dependent anti-protein tyrosine nitration pathway might take an important role in the neuroprotective effect of Rg1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wu
- Division of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular and Hepatic Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Intracellular Signaling MAPK Pathway After Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1568-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Yang YN, Ji WN, Ma YT, Li XM, Chen BD, Xiang Y, Liu F. Activation of the ERK1/2 pathway by the CaMEK gene via adeno-associated virus serotype 9 in cardiomyocytes. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:4672-81. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.17.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kapakos G, Bouallegue A, Daou GB, Srivastava AK. Modulatory Role of Nitric Oxide/cGMP System in Endothelin-1-Induced Signaling Responses in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Curr Cardiol Rev 2011; 6:247-54. [PMID: 22043200 PMCID: PMC3083805 DOI: 10.2174/157340310793566055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important vasoprotective molecule that serves not only as a vasodilator but also exerts antihypertrophic and antiproliferative effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The precise mechanism by which the antihypertrophic and antiproliferative responses of NO are mediated remains obscure. However, recent studies have suggested that one of the mechanisms by which this may be achieved includes the attenuation of signal transduction pathways responsible for inducing the hypertrophic and proliferative program in VSMC. Endothelin-1 is a powerful vasoconstrictor peptide with mitogenic and growth stimulatory properties and exerts its effects by activating multiple signaling pathways which include ERK 1/2, PKB and Rho-ROCK. Both cGMP-dependent and independent events have been reported to mediate the effect of NO on these pathways leading to its vasoprotective response. This review briefly summarizes some key studies on the modulatory effect of NO on these signaling pathways and discusses the possible role of cGMP system in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kapakos
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Technopole Angus and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhang F, Wu Y, Jia J. Exercise preconditioning and brain ischemic tolerance. Neuroscience 2011; 177:170-6. [PMID: 21241780 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that physical exercise can exert neuroprotection both in clinical settings and animal experiments. A series of studies have demonstrated that physical exercise may be a promising preconditioning method to induce brain ischemic tolerance through the promotion of angiogenesis, mediation of the inflammatory response, inhibition of glutamate over-activation, protection of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and inhibition of apoptosis. Through these mechanisms, exercise preconditioning may reduce the neural deficits associated with ischemia and the development of brain infarction and thus provide brain ischemic tolerance. An awareness of the benefits of exercise preconditioning may lead more patients to accept exercise therapy in cases of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
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Rose BA, Force T, Wang Y. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in the heart: angels versus demons in a heart-breaking tale. Physiol Rev 2010; 90:1507-46. [PMID: 20959622 PMCID: PMC3808831 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00054.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the myriad of intracellular signaling networks that govern the cardiac development and pathogenesis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are prominent players that have been the focus of extensive investigations in the past decades. The four best characterized MAPK subfamilies, ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and ERK5, are the targets of pharmacological and genetic manipulations to uncover their roles in cardiac development, function, and diseases. However, information reported in the literature from these efforts has not yet resulted in a clear view about the roles of specific MAPK pathways in heart. Rather, controversies from contradictive results have led to a perception that MAPKs are ambiguous characters in heart with both protective and detrimental effects. The primary object of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress, in an effort to highlight the areas where consensus is established verses the ones where controversy remains. MAPKs in cardiac development, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and pathological remodeling are the main focuses of this review as these represent the most critical issues for evaluating MAPKs as viable targets of therapeutic development. The studies presented in this review will help to reveal the major challenges in the field and the limitations of current approaches and point to a critical need in future studies to gain better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of MAPK function and regulation in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Rose
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Molecular Biology, Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Chronic acetaminophen attenuates age-associated increases in cardiac ROS and apoptosis in the Fischer Brown Norway rat. Basic Res Cardiol 2010; 105:535-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-010-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Akhlaghi M, Bandy B. Dietary green tea extract increases phase 2 enzyme activities in protecting against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Nutr Res 2010; 30:32-9. [PMID: 20116658 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Green tea catechins are dietary antioxidant compounds that have been shown to protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Considering reports that catechins can induce phase 2 enzymes in cultured cells and some organs, we hypothesized that part of the protection to heart against IR injury may involve elevation of phase 2 enzyme activities. Rats were fed for 10 days with either control diet (sham and control groups) or the diet mixed with 0.25% green tea extract. At the end of 10 days, hearts were excised and subjected to global ischemia for 20 min followed by reperfusion for 2 hours. The hearts were compared for indices of cell death, oxidative stress, and phase 2 enzyme activities. Hearts from the green tea group had a 65% to 85% decrease in markers of apoptosis, a tendency to higher total glutathione, and higher activities of the phase 2 enzymes glutamate cysteine ligase and quinone reductase. The results support a possible involvement of phase 2 enzymes in the protection by green tea catechins against myocardial IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activation in exercise-reduced neuronal apoptosis after stroke. Neurosci Lett 2010; 474:109-14. [PMID: 20298757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise preconditioning has been shown to reduce neuronal damage in ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. ERK1/2 signaling in injury has been thought to modulate neuroprotection. In this study, we investigated the effects of ERK1/2 activation on the expression and activity of MMP-9 and downstream neuronal apoptosis. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 30min of exercise on a treadmill for 3 weeks. Stroke was induced by a 2-h middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion using an intraluminal filament. Apoptotic protein caspase-3 and neuronal apoptosis in cortex and striatum was determined by Western blot at 24h reperfusion and TUNEL staining at 48h reperfusion in 5 I/R injury groups: no treatment, MMP-9 inhibitor (doxycycline), pre-ischemic exercise, exercised animals undergone ERK1/2 inhibition (U0126), and dual inhibition of ERK1/2 and MMP-9 in exercised ischemic rats. Cerebral MMP-9 expression in ischemic rats with different treatment was determined at 6, 12 and 24h reperfusion by real-time PCR for mRNA, Western blot for protein and zymography for enzyme activity. Exercise preconditioning significantly (p<0.05) reduced apoptosis determined by caspase-3 and TUNEL. In non-exercised rats, doxycycline treatment had significant (p<0.05) reductions in apoptosis after I/R injury. The dual ERK1/2-MMP-9 inhibited exercised animals had significantly (p<0.05) reduced neuronal apoptosis that was similar to that seen in exercised ischemic rats. MMP-9 expression in I/R injury was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the exercised animals as compared to non-exercised controls. When ERK1/2 was inhibited, the reduced MMP-9 expression was reversed to the level seen in the non-exercised controls. This study has suggested that exercise-induced neuroprotection in I/R injury may be mediated by MMP-9 and ERK1/2 expression, leading to a reduction in neuronal apoptosis.
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Sevoflurane postconditioning prevents activation of caspase 3 and 9 through antiapoptotic signaling after myocardial ischemia–reperfusion. J Anesth 2010; 24:215-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-010-0877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Liebelt B, Papapetrou P, Ali A, Guo M, Ji X, Peng C, Rogers R, Curry A, Jimenez D, Ding Y. Exercise preconditioning reduces neuronal apoptosis in stroke by up-regulating heat shock protein-70 (heat shock protein-72) and extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase 1/2. Neuroscience 2010; 166:1091-100. [PMID: 20083167 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exercise preconditioning induces neuroprotection after stroke. We investigated the beneficial role of heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase 1/2 (pERK 1/2), as they pertain to reducing apoptosis and their influence on Bcl-x(L), Bax, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in rats subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 30 min of exercise on a treadmill for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Stroke was induced by a 2-h middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion using an intraluminal filament. Protein levels of HSP-70, pERK 1/2, Bcl-x(L), Bax, and AIF were analyzed using Western blot. Neuroprotection was based on levels of apoptosis (TUNEL) and infarct volume (Nissl staining). Immunocytochemistry was used for cellular expression of HSP-70 and pERK 1/2. Significant (P<0.05) up-regulation of HSP-70 and pERK 1/2 after 3 weeks of exercise coincided with significant (P<0.05) reduction in neuronal apoptosis and brain infarct volume. Inhibition of either one of these two factors showed a significant (P<0.05) reversal in the neuroprotection. Bax and AIF were down-regulated, while levels of Bcl-x(L) were up-regulated in response to stroke after exercise. Inhibiting HSP-70 or pERK 1/2 reversed this resultant increase or decrease. Our results indicate that exercise diminishes neuronal injury in stroke by up-regulating HSP-70 and ERK 1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liebelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Zhang J, Cai H. Netrin-1 prevents ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction via a DCC/ERK1/2/eNOS s1177/NO/DCC feed-forward mechanism. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 48:1060-70. [PMID: 20004665 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that a novel endothelial mitogen netrin-1 potently stimulates nitric oxide (NO()) production via a DCC-ERK1/2 dependent mechanism. In view of the well-established cardioprotective role of NO(), the present study investigated whether netrin-1 is cardioprotective via NO(*) signaling in the heart. Netrin-1 receptor DCC was abundantly expressed in the C57BL/6J mouse hearts. Perfusion of heart with netrin-1 (100 ng/mL) using a Langendorff system significantly increased NO(*) production. Under ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), netrin-1 induced a substantial reduction in infarct size (21.8+/-4.9% from 42.5+/-3.6% in the controls), which was accompanied by an augmented production of NO(*). Pre-perfusion with DCC-antibody, U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor), L-NAME or PTIO (NO(*) scavenger) attenuated protective effects of netrin-1 on infarct size and NO(*) production, indicating upstream roles of DCC and ERK1/2 in NO(*) production, as well as an essential role of NO(*) in cardioprotection. Netrin-1 induced reduction in infarct size was significantly attenuated in DCC+/- mice, confirming an intermediate role of DCC. In additional experiments we found netrin-1 increased ERK1/2 and eNOS(s1177) phosphorylation, and DCC protein expression, which was diminished by I/R. Furthermore, netrin-1-induced DCC upregulation was NO(*) and ERK1/2-dependent, implicating a feed-forward mechanism. DAF-AM staining revealed enhanced NO(*) production in both cardiac endothelial cells (ECs) and myocytes. In primarily isolated cardiomyocytes, netrin-1 also increased NO(*) production, DCC abundance and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Of note, cardiac apoptosis was significantly attenuated by netrin-1, which was reversed by DCC-antibody, U0126, L-NAME or PTIO. In summary, our data clearly demonstrate that netrin-1 potently protects the heart from I/R injury by stimulating NO(*) production from cardiac ECs and myocytes. This potent effect is mediated by a DCC/ERK1/2/eNOS(s1177)/NO(*)/DCC feed-forward mechanism in both cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Curry A, Guo M, Patel R, Liebelt B, Sprague S, Lai Q, Zwagerman N, Cao FX, Jimenez D, Ding Y. Exercise pre-conditioning reduces brain inflammation in stroke via tumor necrosis factor-alpha, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Neurol Res 2009; 32:756-62. [PMID: 19682410 DOI: 10.1179/174313209x459101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether cerebral inflammation in ischemic rats was reduced by a neuroprotective action of pre-ischemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha up-regulation, which down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 30 minutes of exercise on a treadmill for 3 weeks. Stroke was induced by a 2 hour middle cerebral artery occlusion using an intraluminal filament. The exercised animals were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody, UO126 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 inhibitor), or both UO126 and doxycycline (matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor). Brain infarct volume was assessed using Nissl staining. Leukocyte infiltration was evaluated using myeloperoxidase immunostaining. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and matrix metalloproteinase protein levels were determined by Western blot, and enzyme activity was evaluated using zymography. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in neurological deficits, brain infarct volume and leukocyte infiltration, in association with reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in exercised animals. Exercised animals treated with either tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody or with UO126 showed a reversal of neurological outcome, infarct volume and leukocyte infiltration. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity was reversed, at least partially, but the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression was not. Neuroprotection remained when the exercised ischemic rats were treated with both UO126 and doxycycline. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise-induced up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha before stroke and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation play a role in decreasing brain inflammation by regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Lorita J, Camprecios G, Soley M, Ramirez I. ErbB receptors protect the perfused heart against injury induced by epinephrine combined with low-flow ischemia. Growth Factors 2009; 27:203-13. [PMID: 19370475 DOI: 10.1080/08977190902913731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases are important in maintaining the long-term structural integrity of the heart and in the induction of hypertrophy. In addition, in vivo activation of ErbB1 by epidermal growth factor (EGF) protects the heart against acute stress-induced damage. We examined here whether the ErbB sytem acutely protects the isolated heart in which stress was induced in vitro by ischemia combined with epinephrine infusion (EPI). In perfused mouse hearts, EGF induced Tyr-phosphorylation of ErbB1 but not ErbB2. Neuregulin-1beta (NRG-1beta) induced Tyr-phosphorylation of both ErbB4 and ErbB2. We also found differences in the signaling cascades activated by each growth factor. To stress the perfused mouse heart, we combined EPI with low-flow ischemia. This resulted in (i) loss of left ventricle contraction force ( + dP/dt(max)) and developed pressure (LVDP) after a short period of hypercontractility, (ii) enhanced anaerobic metabolism (lactate production), and (iii) myocyte injury (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release). EGF and NRG-1beta had different effects on stressed-heart contractility. EGF reduced to a half the loss of both + dP/dt(max) and LVDP. In contrast, NRG-1beta exacerbated the hypercontractility soon after reperfusion. This is coincident with a transient increase in coronary flow after reperfusion. In spite of these differences in contraction, both EGF and NRG-1beta induced similar early protection as shown by the reduction of LDH release. Our results show that the ErbB system protects the perfused heart against damage induced by acute stress. They reinforce the relevance of ErbB receptors and ligands in cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Lorita
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Das A, Salloum FN, Xi L, Rao YJ, Kukreja RC. ERK phosphorylation mediates sildenafil-induced myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1236-43. [PMID: 19286961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00100.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, induces powerful protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). We further hypothesized that PKG-dependent activation of survival kinase ERK may play a causative role in sildenafil-induced cardioprotection via induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Bcl-2. Our results show that acute intracoronary infusion of sildenafil in Langendorff isolated mouse hearts before global ischemia-reperfusion significantly reduced myocardial infarct size (from 29.4 +/- 2.4% to 15.9 +/- 3.0%; P < 0.05). Cotreatment with ERK inhibitor PD98059 abrogated sildenafil-induced protection (31.8 +/- 4.4%). To further evaluate the role of ERK in delayed cardioprotection, mice were treated with sildenafil (ip) 24 h before global ischemia-reperfusion. PD98059 was administered (ip) 30 min before sildenafil treatment. Infarct size was reduced from 27.6 +/- 3.3% in controls to 7.1 +/- 1.5% in sildenafil-treated mice (P < 0.05). The delayed protective effect of sildenafil was also abolished by PD98059 (22.5 +/- 2.3%). Western blots revealed that sildenafil significantly increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and GSK-3beta and induced iNOS, eNOS, Bcl-2, and PKG activity in the heart 24 h after treatment. PD98059 inhibited the enhanced expression of iNOS, eNOS, and Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta. PD98059 had no effect on the sildenafil-induced activation of PKG. We conclude that these studies provide first direct evidence that PKG-dependent ERK phosphorylation is indispensable for the induction of eNOS/iNOS and Bcl-2 and the resulting cardioprotection by sildenafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Box 980281, Virginia Commonwealth Univ. Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall St., Rm. 7-040, Richmond, VA 23298-0281, USA.
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