1
|
Borys F, Tobiasz P, Poterała M, Fabczak H, Krawczyk H, Joachimiak E. Systematic Studies on Anti-Cancer Evaluation of Stilbene and Dibenzo[ b,f]oxepine Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083558. [PMID: 37110792 PMCID: PMC10146957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of human death worldwide; thus, numerous therapies, including chemotherapy, have been and are being continuously developed. In cancer cells, an aberrant mitotic spindle-a microtubule-based structure necessary for the equal splitting of genetic material between daughter cells-leads to genetic instability, one of the hallmarks of cancer. Thus, the building block of microtubules, tubulin, which is a heterodimer formed from α- and β-tubulin proteins, is a useful target in anti-cancer research. The surface of tubulin forms several pockets, i.e., sites that can bind factors that affect microtubules' stability. Colchicine pockets accommodate agents that induce microtubule depolymerization and, in contrast to factors that bind to other tubulin pockets, overcome multi-drug resistance. Therefore, colchicine-pocket-binding agents are of interest as anti-cancer drugs. Among the various colchicine-site-binding compounds, stilbenoids and their derivatives have been extensively studied. Herein, we report systematic studies on the antiproliferative activity of selected stilbenes and oxepine derivatives against two cancer cell lines-HCT116 and MCF-7-and two normal cell lines-HEK293 and HDF-A. The results of molecular modeling, antiproliferative activity, and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that compounds 1a, 1c, 1d, 1i, 2i, 2j, and 3h were the most cytotoxic and acted by interacting with tubulin heterodimers, leading to the disruption of the microtubular cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Borys
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Tobiasz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Poterała
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Fabczak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
O'Boyle NM, Ana G, Kelly PM, Nathwani SM, Noorani S, Fayne D, Bright SA, Twamley B, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and evaluation of antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising combretastatin A-4 piperazine conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:6184-6200. [PMID: 31173031 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are a validated clinical target for the treatment of many cancers. We describe the design, synthesis, biochemical evaluation, and molecular modelling studies of a series of analogues of the microtubule-destabilising agent, combretastatin A-4 (CA-4). Our series of 33 novel compounds contain the CA-4 core structure with modifications to the stilbene linking group, and are predominantly piperazine derivatives. Synthesis was achieved in a two-step process by firstly obtaining the acrylic acid via a Perkin reaction using microwave enhanced synthesis, followed by coupling using either DCC or Mukaiyama's reagent. All target compounds were screened for antiproliferative activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Hydroxyl derivative (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) propenone (4m) displayed potent antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 190 nM). Two amino-containing derivatives, (E)-3-(3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (4q) and (E)-3-(3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-(p-tolyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (4x), were the most potent with IC50 values of 130 nM and 83 nM respectively. Representative compounds were shown to depolymerise tubulin, induce G2/M arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and induce cleavage of the DNA repair enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) in MCF-7 cells. Modelling studies predict that the compounds bind to tubulin within the colchicine-binding site. These compounds are a valuable addition to the library of CA-4 analogues and 4m, 4q and 4x will be developed further as novel, water-soluble molecules targeting microtubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Towards a pro-resolving concept in systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:681-697. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
4
|
Bortolozzi R, Carta D, Prà MD, Antoniazzi G, Mattiuzzo E, Sturlese M, Di Paolo V, Calderan L, Moro S, Hamel E, Quintieri L, Ronca R, Viola G, Ferlin MG. Evaluating the effects of fluorine on biological properties and metabolic stability of some antitubulin 3-substituted 7-phenyl-pyrroloquinolinones. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:297-314. [PMID: 31195171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A small number of fluorinated 7-phenyl-pyrroloquinolinone (7-PPyQ) derivatives was synthesized in an attempt to improve the metabolic stability of 3N-ethyl-7-PPyQ and 3N-benzoyl-7-PPyQ. The possible impacts of the fluorine-hydrogen isosterism on both biological activity and metabolic stability were evaluated. Introduction of a fluorine atom in the 2 or 3 position of the 7-phenyl ring yielded the 7-PPyQ derivatives 12, 13 and 15, which showed potent cytotoxicity (low micromolar and sub-nanomolar GI50s) both in human leukemic and solid tumor cell lines. None of them induced significant cell death in quiescent and proliferating human lymphocytes. Moreover, 12, 13 and 15 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity in the multidrug-resistant cell line CEMVbl100, suggesting that they are not substrates for P-glycoprotein. All compounds inhibited tubulin assembly and the binding of [3H]colchicine to tubulin, with the best activity occurring with compound 15. Mechanistic studies carried out on compound 12 indicated that it caused (a) a strong G2/M arrest; (b) apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner; (c) a significant production of ROS (in good agreement with the observed mitochondrial depolarization); (d) caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation; and (e) a decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. In vivo experiments in a murine syngeneic tumor model demonstrated that compounds 12 and 15 significantly reduced tumor mass at doses four times lower than that required for the reference compound combretastatin A-4 phosphate. Neither monofluorination of the 7-phenyl ring of 3N-ethyl-7-PPyQ nor replacement of the benzoyl function of 3N-benzoyl-7-PPyQ with a 2-fluorobenzoyl moiety led to any improvement in the metabolic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bortolozzi
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Laboratory of Oncohematology, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Carta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Dal Prà
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Antoniazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Mattiuzzo
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Laboratory of Oncohematology, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Paolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Calderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Luigi Quintieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Brescia, 29881, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Laboratory of Oncohematology, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ferlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Malebari AM, Greene TF, O'Boyle NM, Fayne D, Nathwani SM, Twamley B, McCabe T, Keely NO, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. 3-Vinylazetidin-2-Ones: Synthesis, Antiproliferative and Tubulin Destabilizing Activity in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020056. [PMID: 30979033 PMCID: PMC6630832 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeted drugs are essential chemotherapeutic agents for various types of cancer. A series of 3-vinyl-β-lactams (2-azetidinones) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors, and for their antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cells. These compounds showed potent activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 8 nM for compound 7s 4-[3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl]-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-vinylazetidin-2-one) which was comparable to the activity of Combretastatin A-4. Compound 7s had minimal cytotoxicity against both non-tumorigenic HEK-293T cells and murine mammary epithelial cells. The compounds inhibited the polymerisation of tubulin in vitro with an 8.7-fold reduction in tubulin polymerization at 10 μM for compound 7s and were shown to interact at the colchicine-binding site on tubulin, resulting in significant G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Immunofluorescence staining of MCF-7 cells confirmed that β-lactam 7s is targeting tubulin and resulted in mitotic catastrophe. A docking simulation indicated potential binding conformations for the 3-vinyl-β-lactam 7s in the colchicine domain of tubulin. These compounds are promising candidates for development as antiproiferative microtubule-disrupting agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Azizah M Malebari
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thomas F Greene
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Darren Fayne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Seema M Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Thomas McCabe
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Niall O Keely
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Targeting tubulin polymerization by novel 7-aryl-pyrroloquinolinones: Synthesis, biological activity and SARs. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:244-258. [PMID: 29197729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies had confirmed that the 7-phenylpyrroloquinolinone (7-PPyQ) nucleus was an important scaffold for new chemotherapeutic drugs targeting microtubules. For wide-ranging SARs, a series of derivatives were synthesized through a robust procedure. For comparison with the reference 3-ethyl-7-PPyQ 31, the angular geometry and substituents at the 3 and 7 positions were varied to explore interactions inside the colchicine site of tubulin. Of the new compounds synthesized, potent cytotoxicity (low and sub-nanomolar GI50 values) was observed with 21 and 24, both more potent than 31, in both leukemic and solid tumor cell lines. Neither compound 21 nor 24 induced significant cell death in normal human lymphocytes, suggesting that the compounds may be selectively active against cancer cells. In particular, 24 was a potent inducer of apoptosis in the A549 and HeLa cell lines. With both compounds, induction of apoptosis was associated with dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species, indicating that cells treated with the compounds followed the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, immunoblot analysis revealed that compound 24 even at 50 nM reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Finally, molecular docking studies of the newly synthesized compounds demonstrate that active pyrroloquinolinone derivatives strongly bind in the colchicine site of β-tubulin.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitotic cell death induction by targeting the mitotic spindle with tubulin-inhibitory indole derivative molecules. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19738-19759. [PMID: 28160569 PMCID: PMC5386718 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin-targeting molecules are widely used cancer therapeutic agents. They inhibit microtubule-based structures, including the mitotic spindle, ultimately preventing cell division. The final fates of microtubule-inhibited cells are however often heterogeneous and difficult to predict. While recent work has provided insight into the cell response to inhibitors of microtubule dynamics (taxanes), the cell response to tubulin polymerization inhibitors remains less well characterized. Arylthioindoles (ATIs) are recently developed tubulin inhibitors. We previously identified ATI members that effectively inhibit tubulin polymerization in vitro and cancer cell growth in bulk cell viability assays. Here we characterise in depth the response of cancer cell lines to five selected ATIs. We find that all ATIs arrest mitotic progression, yet subsequently yield distinct cell fate profiles in time-lapse recording assays, indicating that molecules endowed with similar tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity in vitro can in fact display differential efficacy in living cells. Individual ATIs induce cytological phenotypes of increasing severity in terms of damage to the mitotic apparatus. That differentially triggers MCL-1 down-regulation and caspase-3 activation, and underlies the terminal fate of treated cells. Collectively, these results contribute to define the cell response to tubulin inhibitors and pinpoint potentially valuable molecules that can increase the molecular diversity of tubulin-targeting agents.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu J, Hu M, Qiu L. Drug resistance reversal by combretastatin-A4 phosphate loaded with doxorubicin in polymersomes independent of angiogenesis effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:844-855. [PMID: 28425588 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate that the polymersomes (Ps-DOX-CA4P) dual-loaded with combretastatin-A4 phosphate (CA4P) and doxorubicin (DOX) overcame drug resistance and sensitized tumour cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS Ps-DOX-CA4P were prepared by solvent evaporation method using mPEG-b-PLA as carriers. The potential capability of CA4P to reverse DOX resistance was verified by cytotoxicity test, apoptosis assay and cellular uptake of DOX. The comparison between free drugs and drug-loaded polymersomes was also made on a single-layer cell model and multicellular tumour spheroids to display the superiority of the drug vehicles. Furthermore, we put the emphasis on the investigation into underlying mechanisms for CA4P overcoming DOX resistance. KEY FINDINGS Results showed Ps-DOX-CA4P achieved increased uptake of DOX, enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptotic rate in MCF-7/ADR cells as well as MCF-7/ADR tumour spheroids. The potential molecular mechanisms may be related to inhibiting P-glycoprotein function by downregulating protein kinase Cα, stimulating ATPase activity, depleting ATP and increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. CONCLUSIONS The findings validated the sensitization property of CA4P on DOX independent of its well-known angiogenesis effect, which would provide a novel and promising strategy for drug-resistant cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pérez-Pérez MJ, Priego EM, Bueno O, Martins MS, Canela MD, Liekens S. Blocking Blood Flow to Solid Tumors by Destabilizing Tubulin: An Approach to Targeting Tumor Growth. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8685-8711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva-María Priego
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oskía Bueno
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María-Dolores Canela
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Diederich M, Cerella C. Non-canonical programmed cell death mechanisms triggered by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:4-34. [PMID: 27262793 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds are the fundament of pharmacological treatments and more than 50% of all anticancer drugs are of natural origins or at least derived from scaffolds present in Nature. Over the last 25 years, molecular mechanisms triggered by natural anticancer compounds were investigated. Emerging research showed that molecules of natural origins are useful for both preventive and therapeutic purposes by targeting essential hallmarks and enabling characteristics described by Hanahan and Weinberg. Moreover, natural compounds were able to change the differentiation status of selected cell types. One of the earliest response of cells treated by pharmacologically active compounds is the change of its morphology leading to ultra-structural perturbations: changes in membrane composition, cytoskeleton integrity, alterations of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and of the nucleus lead to formation of morphological alterations that are a characteristic of both compound and cancer type preceding cell death. Apoptosis and autophagy were traditionally considered as the most prominent cell death or cell death-related mechanisms. By now multiple other cell death modalities were described and most likely involved in response to chemotherapeutic treatment. It can be hypothesized that especially necrosis-related phenotypes triggered by various treatments or evolving from apoptotic or autophagic mechanisms, provide a more efficient therapeutic outcome depending on cancer type and genetic phenotype of the patient. In fact, the recent discovery of multiple regulated forms of necrosis and the initial elucidation of the corresponding cell signaling pathways appear nowadays as important tools to clarify the immunogenic potential of non-canonical forms of cell death induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Claudia Cerella
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Greene TF, Wang S, Greene LM, Nathwani SM, Pollock JK, Malebari AM, McCabe T, Twamley B, O’Boyle NM, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of 3-Phenoxy-1,4-diarylazetidin-2-ones as Tubulin-Targeting Antitumor Agents. J Med Chem 2015; 59:90-113. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Greene
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin
2, Ireland
| | - Shu Wang
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin
2, Ireland
| | - Lisa M. Greene
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Seema M. Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jade K. Pollock
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin
2, Ireland
| | - Thomas McCabe
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh M. O’Boyle
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin
2, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela M. Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary J. Meegan
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin
2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A novel microtubule de-stabilizing complementarity-determining region C36L1 peptide displays antitumor activity against melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14310. [PMID: 26391685 PMCID: PMC4585759 DOI: 10.1038/srep14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Short peptide sequences from complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of different immunoglobulins may exert anti-infective, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities regardless of the specificity of the original monoclonal antibody (mAb). In this sense, they resemble early molecules of innate immunity. C36L1 was identified as a bioactive light-chain CDR1 peptide by screening 19 conserved CDR sequences targeting murine B16F10-Nex2 melanoma. The 17-amino acid peptide is readily taken up by melanoma cells and acts on microtubules causing depolymerization, stress of the endoplasmic reticulum and intrinsic apoptosis. At low concentrations, C36L1 inhibited migration, invasion and proliferation of B16F10-Nex2 cells with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling axis involving Rho-GTPase and PTEN mediation. Peritumor injection of the peptide delayed growth of subcutaneously grafted melanoma cells. Intraperitoneal administration of C36L1 induced a significant immune-response dependent anti-tumor protection in a syngeneic metastatic melanoma model. Dendritic cells stimulated ex-vivo by the peptide and transferred to animals challenged with tumor cells were equally effective. The C36 VL CDR1 peptide is a promising microtubule-interacting drug that induces tumor cell death by apoptosis and inhibits metastases of highly aggressive melanoma cells.
Collapse
|
13
|
Greene LM, Meegan MJ, Zisterer DM. Combretastatins: more than just vascular targeting agents? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:212-27. [PMID: 26354991 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.226225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Several prodrugs of the naturally occurring combretastatins have undergone extensive clinical evaluation as vascular targeting agents (VTAs). Their increased selectivity toward endothelial cells together with their innate ability to rapidly induce vascular shutdown and inhibit tumor growth at doses up to 10-fold less than the maximum tolerated dose led to the clinical evaluation of combretastatins as VTAs. Tubulin is well established as the molecular target of the combretastatins and the vast majority of its synthetic derivatives. Furthermore, tubulin is a highly validated molecular target of many direct anticancer agents routinely used as front-line chemotherapeutics. The unique vascular targeting properties of the combretastatins have somewhat overshadowed their development as direct anticancer agents and the delineation of the various cell death pathways and anticancer properties associated with such chemotherapeutics. Moreover, the ongoing clinical trial of OXi4503 (combretastatin-A1 diphosphate) together with preliminary preclinical evaluation for the treatment of refractory acute myelogenous leukemia has successfully highlighted both the indirect and direct anticancer properties of combretastatins. In this review, we discuss the development of the combretastatins from nature to the clinic. The various mechanisms underlying combretastatin-induced cell cycle arrest, mitotic catastrophe, cell death, and survival are also reviewed in an attempt to further enhance the clinical prospects of this unique class of VTAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Greene
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (L.M.G., D.M.Z.), and School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (M.J.M.), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (L.M.G., D.M.Z.), and School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (M.J.M.), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (L.M.G., D.M.Z.), and School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (M.J.M.), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu K, Li R, Yang Z, Wang F, Wu W, Wang X, Nie C, Chen L. Discovery of a potent microtubule-targeting agent: Synthesis and biological evaluation of water-soluble amino acid prodrug of combretastatin A-4 derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2302-7. [PMID: 25933592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid prodrugs are known to be very useful for improving the aqueous solubility of sparingly water soluble drugs (Drug Discovery Today 2013, 18, 93). Therefore, we synthesized eleven novel combretastatin A-4 amino acid derivatives and evaluated their anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound 15 (valine attached to compound 3, which was shown to be a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor in our previous study) exhibited high efficacy in tumor-bearing mice, and pharmacokinetic analysis in rats indicated that compound 15 was an effective prodrug as well. Besides, compound 15 significantly inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro and in vivo by binding to the colchicine binding site. In addition, compound 15 induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and triggered apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. In conclusion, our study showed that compound 15 could have significant anti-tumor activity as a novel microtubule polymerization disrupting agent with improved aqueous solubility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Chunlai Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Demchuk DV, Samet AV, Chernysheva NB, Ushkarov VI, Stashina GA, Konyushkin LD, Raihstat MM, Firgang SI, Philchenkov AA, Zavelevich MP, Kuiava LM, Chekhun VF, Blokhin DY, Kiselyov AS, Semenova MN, Semenov VV. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of conformationally restricted 1,2,3-triazole analogues of combretastatins in the sea urchin embryo model and against human cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:738-55. [PMID: 24387982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of 1,5-diaryl- and 4,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of combretastatin A4 were synthesized and evaluated as antimitotic microtubule destabilizing agents using the sea urchin embryo model. Structure-activity relationship studies identified compounds substituted with 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and 3,4-methylenedioxy-5-methoxyphenyl ring A and 4-methoxyphenyl ring B as potent antiproliferative agents with high cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines including multi-drug resistant cells. 4,5-Diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles (C-C geometry) were found to be considerably more active than the respective 1,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles (N-C geometry). Compound 10ad' induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human T-leukemia Jurkat cells via caspase 2/3/9 activation and downregulation of the antiapoptotic protein XIAP. A mitotic catastrophe has been evaluated as another possible cell death mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Demchuk
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Samet
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia B Chernysheva
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladimir I Ushkarov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Galina A Stashina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Leonid D Konyushkin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail M Raihstat
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; Chemical Block Ltd, 3 Kyriacou Matsi, 3723 Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Sergei I Firgang
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alex A Philchenkov
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Oncology, Pathology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Vasyl'kivska Street, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Michael P Zavelevich
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Oncology, Pathology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Vasyl'kivska Street, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Ludmila M Kuiava
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Oncology, Pathology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Vasyl'kivska Street, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Vasyl F Chekhun
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Oncology, Pathology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Vasyl'kivska Street, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Dmitry Yu Blokhin
- Department of Biological and Medicinal Chemistry, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia.
| | | | - Marina N Semenova
- Chemical Block Ltd, 3 Kyriacou Matsi, 3723 Limassol, Cyprus; N.K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Victor V Semenov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; Chemical Block Ltd, 3 Kyriacou Matsi, 3723 Limassol, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Méndez-Callejas GM, Leone S, Tanzarella C, Antoccia A. Combretastatin A-4 induces p53 mitochondrial-relocalisation independent-apoptosis in non-small lung cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:296-308. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Marcela Méndez-Callejas
- Departament of Science University ‘Roma Tre’; V.le G. Marconi 446 00146 Rome Italy
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales; Calle 222 55-37 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Stefano Leone
- Departament of Science University ‘Roma Tre’; V.le G. Marconi 446 00146 Rome Italy
| | - Caterina Tanzarella
- Departament of Science University ‘Roma Tre’; V.le G. Marconi 446 00146 Rome Italy
| | - Antonio Antoccia
- Departament of Science University ‘Roma Tre’; V.le G. Marconi 446 00146 Rome Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Wu E, Wu J, Wang TL, Hsieh HP, Liu X. An antimitotic and antivascular agent BPR0L075 overcomes multidrug resistance and induces mitotic catastrophe in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65686. [PMID: 23762410 PMCID: PMC3675084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel plays a major role in the treatment of ovarian cancer; however, resistance to paclitaxel is frequently observed. Thus, new therapy that can overcome paclitaxel resistance will be of significant clinical importance. We evaluated antiproliferative effects of an antimitotic and antivascular agent BPR0L075 in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells. BPR0L075 displays potent and broad-spectrum cytotoxicity at low nanomolar concentrations (IC50 = 2–7 nM) against both parental ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and A2780-1A9) and paclitaxel-resistant sublines (OVCAR-3-TR, SKOV-3-TR, 1A9-PTX10), regardless of the expression levels of the multidrug resistance transporter P-gp and class III β-tubulin or mutation of β-tubulin. BPR0L075 blocks cell cycle at the G2/M phase in paclitaxel-resistant cells while equal concentration of paclitaxel treatment was ineffective. BPR0L075 induces cell death by a dual mechanism in parental and paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells. In the parental cells (OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3), BPR0L075 induced apoptosis, evidenced by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and DNA ladder formation. BPR0L075 induced cell death in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3-TR and SKOV-3-TR) is primarily due to mitotic catastrophe, evidenced by formation of giant, multinucleated cells and absence of PARP cleavage. Immunoblotting analysis shows that BPR0L075 treatment induced up-regulation of cyclin B1, BubR1, MPM-2, and survivin protein levels and Bcl-XL phosphorylation in parental cells; however, in resistant cells, the endogenous expressions of BubR1 and survivin were depleted, BPR0L075 treatment failed to induce MPM-2 expression and phosphorylation of Bcl-XL. BPR0L075 induced cell death in both parental and paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells proceed through caspase-3 independent mechanisms. In conclusion, BPR0L075 displays potent cytotoxic effects in ovarian cancer cells with a potential to overcome paclitaxel resistance by bypassing efflux transporters and inducing mitotic catastrophe. BPR0L075 represents a novel microtubule therapeutic to overcome multidrug resistance and trigger alternative cell death by mitotic catastrophe in ovarian cancer cells that are apoptosis-resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Departments of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
O'Boyle NM, Greene LM, Keely NO, Wang S, Cotter TS, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and biochemical activities of antiproliferative amino acid and phosphate derivatives of microtubule-disrupting β-lactam combretastatins. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:705-21. [PMID: 23454513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biochemical activities of novel water-soluble β-lactam analogues of combretastatin A-4 are described. The first series of compounds investigated, β-lactam phosphate esters 7a, 8a and 9a, exhibited potent antiproliferative activity and caused microtubule disruption in human breast carcinoma-derived MCF-7 cells. They did not inhibit tubulin polymerisation in vitro, indicating that biotransformation was necessary for their antiproliferative and tubulin binding effects in MCF-7 cells. The second series of compounds, β-lactam amino acid amides (including 10k and 11l) displayed potent antiproliferative activity in MCF-7 cells, disrupted microtubules in MCF-7 cells and also inhibited the polymerisation of tubulin in vitro. This indicates that the β-lactam amides did not require metabolic activation to have antiproliferative effects, in contrast to the phosphate series. Both series of compounds caused mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Molecular modelling studies indicated potential binding conformations for the β-lactam amino acid amides 10k and 11l in the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Due to their aqueous solubility and potent biochemical effects, these compounds are promising candidates for further development as microtubule-disrupting agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qiao F, Zuo D, Shen X, Qi H, Wang H, Zhang W, Wu Y. DAT-230, a novel microtubule inhibitor, exhibits potent anti-tumor activity by inducing G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis in vitro and perfusion decrease in vivo to HT-1080. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 70:259-70. [PMID: 22752214 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-1907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The anti-mitotic agent, combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), is the lead compound of a new class of anti-cancer drugs that target tumor vasculature. 2-Methoxy-5-(2-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl) thiophen-3-yl) aniline (DAT-230) is a structurally novel CA-4 analog with more stability. We investigated its anti-tumor activity and mechanisms in vitro and in vivo for the first time. METHODS Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT method. Apoptosis, mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) and NO generation were measured by flow cytometry. Intracellular microtubule network was detected by immunofluorescence experiments. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. In vivo, the anti-tumor activity was assessed using fibrosarcoma xenografts subcutaneously established in BALB/c nude mice. Vasculature perfusion was identified using fluorescent DNA-binding compound Hoechst 33342. RESULTS DAT-230 exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cells. DAT-230-treatment in HT-1080 cells resulted in microtubule de-polymerization and G2/M phase arrest preceding apoptosis. Phosphor-cdc2 (thr14/tyr15) reduction, cyclin B1 accumulation and aberrant spindles denoted the cyclin B1-cdc2 complex active and M phase arrest in HT-1080 cells treated with DAT-230. Apoptosis induced by DAT-230 was related with the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP cleavage, which were at the downstream of mitochondria. The decrease ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, elevation of NO and disruption of ΔΨm confirmed the causal relationship between DAT-230 and mitochondrial pathway. In vivo, DAT-230 delayed tumor growth, induced tumor perfusion decrease and extensive hemorrhagic-necrosis. CONCLUSIONS DAT-230 is a promising microtubule inhibitor that has great potential for the treatment of fibrosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Its potential to be a candidate of anti-cancer agent is worth being further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foxiao Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gilley R, Lochhead PA, Balmanno K, Oxley D, Clark J, Cook SJ. CDK1, not ERK1/2 or ERK5, is required for mitotic phosphorylation of BIMEL. Cell Signal 2012; 24:170-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
21
|
Role of Bim in apoptosis induced in H460 lung tumor cells by the spindle poison Combretastatin-A4. Apoptosis 2011; 16:940-9. [PMID: 21671007 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The BH3-only Bcl-2 subfamily member Bim is a well known apoptosis promoting protein. However, the mechanisms upstream of mitochondrion membrane permeability by which Bim is involved in apoptosis have been poorly investigated, particularly in response to agents capable of interfering with the cytoskeleton architecture and arresting cells in mitosis. Based on the observation that Bim is sequestered on the microtubule-array by interaction with the light chain of dynein, we have investigated upon depolymerisation, whether Bim could be involved in the commitment of apoptosis. With this purpose H460 Non Small Lung Cancer Cells (NSLC) were treated with the microtubule damaging agent combretastatin-A4 (CA-4) (7.5 nM; 8-48 h), and various parameters were investigated. Upon treatment, cells arrested in mitosis and died through a caspase-3-dependent mitotic catastrophe. Transient knock down of Bim drastically reduced apoptosis, indicating that this protein was involved in cell death as induced by microtubules disorganisation. In response to increasing conditions of microtubules depolymerisation, we found that the protein level of Bim was strongly upregulated in a time-dependent manner at transcriptional level. Furthermore, Bim was released from microtubule-associated components. Bim was translocated to mitochondria, even in a condition of protein synthesis inhibition, where it showed a markedly increased interaction with Bcl-2. In turn, the fraction of Bax bound to Bcl-2 decreases in response to treatment, thereby indicating that Bim possibly promotes Bax release from the pro-survival protein Bcl-2. Overall, we demonstrated that Bim is required for the CA-4-induced cell death in the H460 lung cancer cell line via activation of the mitochondrial signalling pathway. Defining the contribution of Bim to the mechanism of apoptosis may offer some different clues in view of developing new strategies for chemotherapy with CA-4, underlining the relevance of the cytoskeleton integrity in the apoptotic response.
Collapse
|
22
|
O’Boyle NM, Carr M, Greene LM, Keely NO, Knox AJ, McCabe T, Lloyd DG, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Synthesis, biochemical and molecular modelling studies of antiproliferative azetidinones causing microtubule disruption and mitotic catastrophe. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4595-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
23
|
Rello-Varona S, Kepp O, Vitale I, Michaud M, Senovilla L, Jemaà M, Joza N, Galluzzi L, Castedo M, Kroemer G. An automated fluorescence videomicroscopy assay for the detection of mitotic catastrophe. Cell Death Dis 2011; 1:e25. [PMID: 21364633 PMCID: PMC3032329 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe can be defined as a cell death mode that occurs during or shortly after a prolonged/aberrant mitosis, and can show apoptotic or necrotic features. However, conventional procedures for the detection of apoptosis or necrosis, including biochemical bulk assays and cytofluorometric techniques, cannot discriminate among pre-mitotic, mitotic and post-mitotic death, and hence are inappropriate to monitor mitotic catastrophe. To address this issue, we generated isogenic human colon carcinoma cell lines that differ in ploidy and p53 status, yet express similar amounts of fluorescent biosensors that allow for the visualization of chromatin (histone H2B coupled to green fluorescent protein (GFP)) and centrosomes (centrin coupled to the Discosoma striata red fluorescent protein (DsRed)). By combining high-resolution fluorescence videomicroscopy and automated image analysis, we established protocols and settings for the simultaneous assessment of ploidy, mitosis, centrosome number and cell death (which in our model system occurs mainly by apoptosis). Time-lapse videomicroscopy showed that this approach can be used for the high-throughput detection of mitotic catastrophe induced by three mechanistically distinct anti-mitotic agents (dimethylenastron (DIMEN), nocodazole (NDZ) and paclitaxel (PTX)), and – in this context – revealed an important role of p53 in the control of centrosome number.
Collapse
|
24
|
Romagnoli R, Baraldi PG, Brancale A, Ricci A, Hamel E, Bortolozzi R, Basso G, Viola G. Convergent synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-amino-4-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-5-aryl thiazoles as microtubule targeting agents. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5144-53. [PMID: 21663319 DOI: 10.1021/jm200392p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Combretastatin A-4, a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor, caused us to synthesize a novel series of 2-amino-4-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-5-aryl thiazoles with the goal of evaluating the effects of substituents on the phenyl at the 5-position of the thiazole skeleton on biological activities. An ethoxy group at the para-position produced the most active compound in the series, with IC(50) values of 0.03-0.9 nM against five of seven cancer cell lines. The most active compounds retained full activity in multidrug resistant cancer cells and acted through the colchicine site of tubulin. Treated cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, with cell death proceeding through an apoptotic pathway that was only partially caspase-dependent. Preliminary results suggest that, in addition to cell death by apoptosis, cells were also killed via mitotic catastrophe as an alternative cell death mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rovini A, Savry A, Braguer D, Carré M. Microtubule-targeted agents: When mitochondria become essential to chemotherapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:679-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
26
|
Liu JF, Fong YC, Chang KW, Kuo SC, Chang CS, Tang CH. FPTB, a novel CA-4 derivative, induces cell apoptosis of human chondrosarcoma cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:453-62. [PMID: 21268067 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of the novel Combretastatin A-4 derivative, 2-(furanyl)-5-(pyrrolidinyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)benzoimidazole (FPTB)-induced human chondrosarcoma cells apoptosis. FPTB induced cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cell line but not primary chondrocytes. FPTB induced up-regulation of Bax and Bak, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and dysfunction of mitochondria in chondrosarcoma. FPTB also triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as indicated by changes in cytosol-calcium levels. We found that FPTB increased glucose-regulated proteins (GRP)78 but not GRP94 expression. In addition, treatment of cells with FPTB induced calpain expression and activity. Transfection of cells with GRP78 or calpain siRNA reduced FPTB-mediated cell apoptosis. Therefore, FPTB-induced apoptosis in chondrosarcoma cells through the mitochondria dysfunction and involves caspase-9 and caspase-3-mediated mechanism. FPTB also induced cell death mediated by increasing ER stress, GPR78 activation, and Ca(2+) release, which subsequently triggers calpain, caspase-12 and caspase-3 activity, resulting in apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Fang Liu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang B, Huang B, Guan H, Zhang SM, Xu QZ, He XP, Liu XD, Wang Y, Shang ZF, Zhou PK. Proteomic profiling revealed the functional networks associated with mitotic catastrophe of HepG2 hepatoma cells induced by 6-bromine-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 252:307-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
28
|
Lunt SJ, Akerman S, Hill SA, Fisher M, Wright VJ, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Tozer GM, Kanthou C. Vascular effects dominate solid tumor response to treatment with combretastatin A-4-phosphate. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1979-89. [PMID: 21154772 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vascular-targeted therapeutics are increasingly used in the clinic. However, less is known about the direct response of tumor cells to these agents. We have developed a combretastatin-A-4-phosphate (CA4P) resistant variant of SW1222 human colorectal carcinoma cells to examine the relative importance of vascular versus tumor cell targeting in the ultimate treatment response. SW1222(Res) cells were generated through exposure of wild-type cells (SW1222(WT) ) to increasing CA4P concentrations in vitro. Increased resistance was confirmed through analyses of cell viability, apoptosis and multidrug-resistance (MDR) protein expression. In vivo, comparative studies examined tumor cell necrosis, apoptosis, vessel morphology and functional vascular end-points following treatment with CA4P (single 100 mg/kg dose). Tumor response to repeated CA4P dosing (50 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks) was examined through growth measurement, and ultimate tumor cell survival was studied by ex vivo clonogenic assay. In vitro, SW1222(Res) cells showed reduced CA4P sensitivity, enhanced MDR protein expression and a reduced apoptotic index. In vivo, CA4P induced significantly lower apoptotic cell death in SW1222(Res) versus SW1222(WT) tumors indicating maintenance of resistance characteristics. However, CA4P-induced tumor necrosis was equivalent in both lines. Similarly, rapid CA4P-mediated vessel disruption and blood flow shut-down were observed in both lines. Cell surviving fraction was comparable in the two tumor types following single dose CA4P and SW1222(Res) tumors were at least as sensitive as SW1222(WT) tumors to repeated dosing. Despite tumor cell resistance to CA4P, SW1222(Res) response in vivo was not impaired, strongly supporting the view that vascular damage dominates the therapeutic response to this agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Lunt
- Cancer Research UK Tumour Microcirculation Group, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li S, Tai W, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhang W, Ma E, Li J. 1-(3′,4′,5′-Trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3″,4″-dimethoxy-2″-hydroxyphenyl)-propane with microtubule-depolymerizing ability induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:161-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
30
|
Novel combretastatin A-4 derivative XN0502 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. Invest New Drugs 2010; 28:493-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Appierto V, Tiberio P, Cavadini E, Casalini P, Cappelletti G, Formelli F. Antimitotic effect of the retinoid 4-oxo-fenretinide through inhibition of tubulin polymerization: a novel mechanism of retinoid growth-inhibitory activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 8:3360-8. [PMID: 19996280 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The retinoid 4-oxo-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-oxo-4-HPR), a metabolite of fenretinide (4-HPR) present in plasma of 4-HPR-treated patients, is very effective in inducing growth inhibition and apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. 4-Oxo-4-HPR and 4-HPR have different mechanisms of action because 4-oxo-4-HPR, unlike 4-HPR, causes marked cell accumulation in G2-M phase. Here, we investigated the molecular events involving 4-oxo-4-HPR-induced cell cycle perturbation in ovarian (A2780 and IGROV-1) and breast (T47D, estrogen receptor+ and BT-20, estrogen receptor-) cancer cells. 4-Oxo-4-HPR induced a delay of mitosis (with mitotic index increasing 5- to 6-fold in all cell lines) without progression beyond the anaphase, as shown by cyclin B1 expression. 4-Oxo-4-HPR induced multipolar spindle formation and phosphorylation of BUBR1, resulting in activation of the spindle checkpoint. Multipolar spindles were not due to impairment of pole-focusing process, loss of centrosome integrity, or modulation of the expression levels of molecules associated with spindle aberrations (Kif 1C, Kif 2A, Eg5, Tara, tankyrase-1, centractin, and TOGp). We show here that 4-oxo-4-HPR targets microtubules because, in treated cells, it interfered with the reassembly of cold-depolymerized spindle microtubules and decreased the polymerized tubulin fraction. In cell-free assays, 4-oxo-4-HPR inhibited tubulin polymerization (50% inhibition of microtubule assembly at 5.9 micromol/L), suggesting a direct molecular interaction with tubulin. In conclusion, by showing that 4-oxo-4-HPR causes mitotic arrest through antimicrotubule activities, we delineate a new molecular mechanism for a retinoid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Appierto
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
A novel Chk inhibitor, XL-844, increases human cancer cell radiosensitivity through promotion of mitotic catastrophe. Invest New Drugs 2009; 29:514-22. [PMID: 20024691 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Check point kinases (Chk) play a major role in facilitating DNA repair upon radiation exposure. We tested the potency of a novel inhibitor of Chk1 and Chk2, XL-844 (provided by Exelixis Inc., CA, USA), to radiosensitize human cancer cells grown in culture and investigated the underlying mechanisms. HT-29 cells (a human colon cancer line) were exposed to XL-844, radiation, or both, and assessed for clonogenic cell survival. Treatment-dependent effects on phosphorylated forms of Chk proteins were assessed by Western blots. Further mechanistic investigations in HT-29 cells included cell cycle analysis by flowcytometry and assessment of DNA repair kinetics by immuno-cytochemistry (ICC) for nuclear appearance of the phosphorylated form of histone 2AX protein (γ-H2AX) staining. Cells undergoing mitotic catastrophe were identified by irregular pattern of mitotic spindle markers α and γ-tubulin staining by ICC. XL-844 enhanced radiosensitivity in a dose and schedule-dependent manner and the enhancement factor was 1.42 at 0.5 survival fraction. Mechanistically XL-844 abrogated radiation-induced Chk2 phosphorylation, induced pan-nuclear γ-H2AX, and prolonged the presence of radiation-induced γ-H2AX foci, and promoted mitotic catastrophe. In conclusion, our data showed that inhibition of Chk2 activity by XL-844 enhanced cancer cell radiosensitivity that was associated with inhibition of DNA repair and induction of mitotic catastrophe.
Collapse
|
33
|
Khawaja NR, Carré M, Kovacic H, Estève MA, Braguer D. Patupilone-Induced Apoptosis Is Mediated by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species through Bim Relocalization to Mitochondria. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:1072-83. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.048405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|