1
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He Y, Huang G, Hong S, Zuo X, Zhao Z, Hong L. Ferrostatin-1 alleviates the damage of C2C12 myoblast and mouse pelvic floor muscle induced by mechanical trauma. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:232. [PMID: 37419877 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a special form of regulated cell death, which is reported to play an important role in a variety of traumatic diseases by promoting lipid peroxidation and devastating cell membrane structure. Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a kind of disease affecting the quality and health of many women's lives, which is closely related to the injury of the pelvic floor muscle. Clinical findings have discovered that there is anomalous oxidative damage to the pelvic floor muscle in women with PFD caused by mechanical trauma, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we explored the role of ferroptosis-associated oxidative mechanisms in mechanical stretching-induced pelvic floor muscle injury, and whether obesity predisposed pelvic floor muscle to ferroptosis from mechanical injury. Our results, in vitro, showed that mechanical stretch could induce oxidative damage to myoblasts and trigger ferroptosis. In addition, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) down-regulation and 15-lipoxygenase 1(15LOX-1) up-regulation exhibited the same variational characteristics as ferroptosis, which was much more pronounced in palmitic acid (PA)-treated myoblasts. Furthermore, ferroptosis induced by mechanical stretch could be rescued by ferroptosis inhibitor (ferrostatin-1). More importantly, in vivo, we found that the mitochondria of pelvic floor muscle shrank, which were consistent with the mitochondrial morphology of ferroptosis, and GPX4 and 15LOX-1 showed the same change observed in cells. In conclusion, our data suggest ferroptosis is involved in the injury of the pelvic floor muscle caused by mechanical stretching, and provide a novel insight for PFD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guotao Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Secretome from In Vitro Mechanically Loaded Myoblasts Induces Tenocyte Migration, Transition to a Fibroblastic Phenotype and Suppression of Collagen Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313089. [PMID: 34884895 PMCID: PMC8657858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that mechanical loading of muscles increases the strength of healing tendon tissue, but the mechanism involved remains elusive. We hypothesized that the secretome from myoblasts in co-culture with tenocytes affects tenocyte migration, cell phenotype, and collagen (Col) production and that the effect is dependent on different types of mechanical loading of myoblasts. To test this, we used an in vitro indirect transwell co-culture system. Myoblasts were mechanically loaded using the FlexCell® Tension system. Tenocyte cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, collagen production, and several tenocyte markers were measured. The secretome from myoblasts decreased the Col I/III ratio and increased the expression of tenocyte specific markers as compared with tenocytes cultured alone. The secretome from statically loaded myoblasts significantly enhanced tenocyte migration and Col I/III ratio as compared with dynamic loading and controls. In addition, the secretome from statically loaded myoblasts induced tenocytes towards a myofibroblast-like phenotype. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the secretome from statically loaded myoblasts has a profound influence on tenocytes, affecting parameters that are related to the tendon healing process.
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3
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Liu M, Huang X, Tian Y, Yan X, Wang F, Chen J, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Yuan X. Phosphorylated GSK‑3β protects stress‑induced apoptosis of myoblasts via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:317-327. [PMID: 32377749 PMCID: PMC7248528 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial jaw muscle is involved in the occurrence, development, treatment and maintenance of maxillofacial deformities. The structure and function of this tissue can be altered by changes in external stimuli, and orthodontists can regulate its reconstruction using orthopedic forces. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is most well‑known for its biological functions in cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. In the present study, the effects of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cyclic stretch‑induced myoblast apoptosis were investigated. For this purpose, L6 rat myoblasts were cultured under mechanical stimulation and treated with the PI3K kinase inhibitor, LY294002, to elucidate the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cells were stained with Hoechst 33258 to visualize morphological changes and apoptosis of myoblasts, and western blotting was performed to detect expression of Akt, phosphorylated (p)‑Akt (Ser473), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‑3β) and p‑GSK‑3β (Ser9). After addition of PI3K inhibitor, the expression of total Akt and GSK‑3β did not significantly differ among groups; however, the levels of p‑Akt and p‑GSK‑3β were lower in inhibitor‑treated groups than in those treated with loading stress alone. In addition, the rate of apoptosis in myoblasts subjected to cyclic stretch increased in a time‑dependent manner, peaking at 24 h. Collectively, it was also demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/GSK‑3β pathway plays an important role in stretch‑induced myoblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of Nursing and Hospital Infection Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yihong Tian
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Xiaoshan Branch of Hangzhou Stomatology Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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4
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Wang Y, Song J, Liu X, Liu J, Zhang Q, Yan X, Yuan X, Ren D. Multiple Effects of Mechanical Stretch on Myogenic Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:336-352. [PMID: 31950873 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinqiang Liu
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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5
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Song J, Wang Y, Yuan X, Ji Q, Fan C, Zhao H, Hao W, Ren D. Stretching magnitude-dependent inactivation of AKT by ROS led to enhanced p53 mitochondrial translocation and myoblast apoptosis. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1182-1197. [PMID: 30865562 PMCID: PMC6724521 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-12-0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we had shown that high magnitude stretch (HMS), rather than low magnitude stretch (LMS), induced significant apoptosis of skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts. However, the molecular mechanism remains obscure. In this study, we found that p53 protein accumulated in the nucleus of LMS-loaded cells, whereas it translocated into mitochondria of HMS-loaded cells. Knocking down endogenous p53 by shRNA abrogated HMS-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during HMS-inactivated AKT that was activated in LMS-treated cells, which accounted for the distinct p53 subcellular localizations under HMS and LMS. Blocking ROS generation by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or overexpressing constitutively active AKT vector (CA-AKT) inhibited HMS-incurred p53 mitochondrial translocation and promoted its nuclear targeting. Moreover, both NAC and CA-AKT significantly attenuated HMS-induced C2C12 apoptosis. Finally, we found that Ser389 phosphorylation of p53 was a downstream event of ROS-inactivated AKT pathway, which was critical to p53 mitochondrial trafficking during HMS stimuli. Transfecting p53-shRNA C2C12s with the mutant p53 (S389A) that was unable to target p53 to mitochondria underwent significantly lower apoptosis than transfection with wild-type p53. Altogether, our study uncovered that mitochondrial localization of p53, resulting from p53 Ser389 phosphorylation through ROS-inactivated AKT pathway, prompted C2C12 myoblast apoptosis during HMS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cunhui Fan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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6
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Olsen LA, Nicoll JX, Fry AC. The skeletal muscle fiber: a mechanically sensitive cell. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:333-349. [PMID: 30612167 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-04061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The plasticity of skeletal muscle, whether an increase in size, change in metabolism, or alteration in structural properties, is in a continuous state of flux largely dependent upon physical activity. Much of the past research has expounded upon these ever-changing aspects of the muscle fiber following exercise. Specifically, endocrine and paracrine signaling have been heavily investigated lending to much of the past literature comprised of such endocrinological dynamics following muscle activity. Mechanotransduction, the ability of a cell to convert a mechanical stimulus into an intracellular biochemical response, has garnered much less attention. Recent work, however, has demonstrated the physical continuity of the muscle fiber, specifically demonstrating a continuous physical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM), cytoskeleton, and nuclear matrix as a means to rapidly regulate gene expression following a mechanical stimulus. Similarly, research has shown mechanical stimuli to directly influence cytoplasmic signaling whether through oxidative adaptations, increased muscle size, or enhanced muscle integrity. Regrettably, minimal research has investigated the role that exercise may play within the mechanotransducing signaling cascades. This proposed line of study may prove paramount as muscle-related diseases greatly impact one's ability to lead an independent lifestyle along with contributing a substantial burden upon the economy. Thus, this review explores both biophysical and biochemical mechanotransduction, and how these signaling pathways may be influenced following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Olsen
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Justin X Nicoll
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, CA, 91330-8287, USA
| | - Andrew C Fry
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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7
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Kim W, Kim J, Park HS, Jeon JS. Development of Microfluidic Stretch System for Studying Recovery of Damaged Skeletal Muscle Cells. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E671. [PMID: 30567359 PMCID: PMC6315523 DOI: 10.3390/mi9120671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle occupies about 40% mass of the human body and plays a significant role in the skeletal movement control. Skeletal muscle injury also occurs often and causes pain, discomfort, and functional impairment in daily living. Clinically, most studies observed the recovery phenomenon of muscle by massage or electrical stimulation, but there are limitations on quantitatively analyzing the effects on recovery. Although additional efforts have been made within in vitro biochemical research, some questions still remain for effects of the different cell microenvironment for recovery. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a microfluidic system to investigate appropriate conditions for repairing skeletal muscle injury. First, the muscle cells were cultured in the microfluidic chip and differentiated to muscle fibers. After differentiation, we treated hydrogen peroxide and 18% axial stretch to cause chemical and physical damage to the muscle fibers. Then the damaged muscle fibers were placed under the cyclic stretch condition to allow recovery. Finally, we analyzed the damage and recovery by quantifying morphological change as well as the intensity change of intracellular fluorescent signals and showed the skeletal muscle fibers recovered better in the cyclic stretched condition. In total, our in situ generation of muscle damage and induction recovery platform may be a key system for investigating muscle recovery and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Jaesang Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Soon Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Jessie S Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- KI HST, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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8
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Chen X, Yan J, He F, Zhong D, Yang H, Pei M, Luo ZP. Mechanical stretch induces antioxidant responses and osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells through activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:187-201. [PMID: 30096433 PMCID: PMC6165675 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising cell sources for regenerative medicine. Growing evidence has indicated that mechanical stimuli are crucial for their lineage-specific differentiation. However, the effect of mechanical loading on redox balance and the intracellular antioxidant system in MSCs was unknown. In this study, human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were subjected to cyclic stretch at the magnitude of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. Cell proliferation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of antioxidant enzymes, and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. RNA was extracted and subjected to DNA microarray analysis. Sirtinol and compound C were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved silent information regulator type 1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results showed that mechanical stretch at appropriate magnitudes increased cell proliferation, up-regulated extracellular matrix organization, and down-regulated matrix disassembly. After 3 days of stretch, intracellular ROS in BM-MSCs were decreased but the levels of antioxidant enzymes, especially superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), were up-regulated. Osteogenesis was improved by 5% stretch rather than 10% stretch, as evidenced by increased matrix mineralization and osteogenic marker gene expression. The expression of SIRT1 and phosphorylation of AMPK were enhanced by mechanical stretch; however, inhibition of SIRT1 or AMPK abrogated the stretch-induced antioxidant effect on BM-MSCs and inhibited the stretch-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Our findings reveal that mechanical stretch induced antioxidant responses, attenuated intracellular ROS, and improved osteogenesis of BM-MSCs. The stretch-induced antioxidant effect was through activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that appropriate mechanical stimulation can improve MSC antioxidant functions and benefit bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinku Yan
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fan He
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Dongyan Zhong
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Zong-Ping Luo
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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9
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Song J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Yang F, Chen Z, Dong Q, Ji Q, Yuan X, Ren D. Cleavage of caspase-12 at Asp94, mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), contributes to stretch-induced apoptosis of myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9473-9487. [PMID: 29943814 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical overloading can lead to skeletal muscle damage instead of remodeling. This is attributed to the excessive apoptosis of myoblasts, mechanism of which remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and caspase-12 in mediating the stretch-induced apoptosis of myoblasts. Myoblast apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst staining, DNA fragmentation assay, Annexin V binding, and propidium iodide staining, as well as caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 cleavage. First, our results showed that apoptosis was elevated in a time-dependent manner when myoblasts were subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) for 12, 24, and 36 hr. Concomitantly, CMS triggered the ERS and caspase-12 cleavage; ERS inhibitor GSK 2606414 suppressed the CMS-induced cleavage of caspase-12 and myoblast apoptosis. Silencing caspase-12 attenuated the apoptosis of myoblasts under CMS. Furthermore, CMS-induced myoblast apoptosis was partially recovered by overexpressing wild-type caspase-12 in caspase-12-silenced myoblasts. In contrast, overexpressing mutant caspase-12 (D94N), which cannot be cleaved into the active caspase-12 fragments, failed to accomplish the same effect. Finally, C2C12 overexpressing truncated caspase-12 segment (TC-casp12-D94), which starts from Asp94 and ends at Asn419, underwent apoptosis under both static and stretched conditions. Interestingly, C2C12 myoblasts seemed to be resistant to stretch-induced apoptosis upon low-serum-induced differentiation. In conclusion, our study provided evidence that caspase-12 cleavage at Asp94, induced by ERS under mechanical stimuli, is the key molecule in initiating the stretch-triggered apoptosis of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Dysregulation of the miR-146a-Smad4 axis impairs osteogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells under inflammation. Bone Res 2017; 5:17037. [PMID: 29167750 PMCID: PMC5698258 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease that affects patient quality of life, especially among the elderly population. Although inflammation contributes significantly to osteoporosis, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, an inflammatory environment mimic, inhibits osteogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), induces miR-146a and decreases Smad4. Moreover, overexpression of miR-146a inhibited the osteogenic ability of BMSCs, whereas blocking miR-146a partially rescued the osteogenesis deficiency under TNF-α treatment. Molecularly, miR-146a decreased Smad4 expression at the protein level by binding to an element located in the Smad4 3'-untranslated region, and restoration of Smad4 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-146a on osteogenesis. Together, our results showed that the inflammatory environment mimic TNF-α inhibits osteogenesis via upregulation of miR-146a and subsequent downregulation of Smad4, thus suggesting that therapeutic manipulation of miR-146a maybe a potential strategy to improve osteogenesis in the context of osteoporosis.
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11
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Wang F, Wei ZL, Sun XR, Zhang Q, Zhang CX, Jiang WX, Yan X, Liu JN, Yuan X. Apoptosis Inducing Factor Is Involved in Stretch-Induced Apoptosis of Myoblast via a Caspase-9 Independent Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:829-838. [PMID: 27735993 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Orthodontics; The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province 266011 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Liang Wei
- Department of Orthodontics; Jinan Stomatological Hospital; Jinan Shandong Province 250001 People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Rui Sun
- Department of Orthodontics; Weihai Stomatological Hospital; Weihai Shandong Province 264200 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics; The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province 266011 People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics; The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province 266011 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xin Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics; The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province 266011 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Orthodontics; The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province 266011 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ning Liu
- Department of Orthodontics; The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province 266011 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics; The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province 266011 People's Republic of China
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Lin J, Lin Y, Fan L, Kuang W, Zheng L, Wu J, Shang P, Wang Q, Tan J. miR-203 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cisplatin induced cell death in tongue squamous cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:382-7. [PMID: 26946357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of the head and neck cancer. Chemo resistance of OSCC has been identified as a substantial therapeutic hurdle. In this study, we analyzed the role of miR-203 in the OSCC and its effects on cisplatin-induced cell death in an OSCC cell line, Tca8113. There was a significant decrease of miR-203 expression in OSCC samples, compared with the adjacent normal, non-cancerous tissue. After 3 days cisplatin treatment, the survived Tca8113 cells had a lower expression of miR-203 than that in the untreated control group. In contrast, PIK3CA showed an inverse expression in cancer and cisplatin survived Tca8113 cells. Transfection of Tca8113 cells with miR-203 mimics greatly reduced PIK3CA expression and Akt activation. Furthermore, miR-203 repressed PIK3CA expression through targeting the 3'UTR. Restoration of miR-203 not only suppressed cell proliferation, but also sensitized cells to cisplatin induced cell apoptosis. This effect was absent in cells that were simultaneously treated with PIK3CA RNAi. In summary, these findings suggest miR-203 plays an important role in cisplatin resistance in OSCC, and furthermore delivery of miR-203 analogs may serve as an adjuvant therapy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Wei Kuang
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Patient-specific Orthopedic Technology Research Center in GuangDong Research Centre for Neural Engineering, 1068 Xueyuan Boulevard, University Town of Shenzhen, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jiali Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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Zhu Z, Gan X, Fan H, Yu H. Mechanical stretch endows mesenchymal stem cells stronger angiogenic and anti-apoptotic capacities via NFκB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:601-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Decreased osteogenesis of adult mesenchymal stem cells by reactive oxygen species under cyclic stretch: a possible mechanism of age related osteoporosis. Bone Res 2015; 3:15003. [PMID: 26273536 PMCID: PMC4413016 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age related defect of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a key role in osteoporosis. Mechanical loading is one of the most important physical stimuli for osteoblast differentiation. Here, we compared the osteogenic potential of MSCs from young and adult rats under three rounds of 2 h of cyclic stretch of 2.5% elongation at 1 Hz on 3 consecutive days. Cyclic stretch induced a significant osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from young rats, while a compromised osteogenesis in MSCs from the adult rats. Accordingly, there were much more reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in adult MSCs under cyclic stretch compared to young MSCs. Moreover, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine rescued the osteogenic differentiation of adult MSCs under cyclic stretch. Gene expression analysis revealed that superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) was significantly downregulated in those MSCs from adult rats. In summary, our data suggest that reduced SOD1 may result in excessive ROS production in adult MSCs under cyclic stretch, and thus manipulation of the MSCs from the adult donors with antioxidant would improve their osteogenic ability.
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Jamal S, Cheriyan VT, Muthu M, Munie S, Levi E, Ashour AE, Pass HI, Wali A, Singh M, Rishi AK. CARP-1 functional mimetics are a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89146. [PMID: 24598827 PMCID: PMC3943785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related thoracic malignancy that is characterized by late metastases, and resistance to therapeutic modalities. The toxic side-effects of MPM therapies often limit their clinical effectiveness, thus necessitating development of new agents to effectively treat and manage this disease in clinic. CARP-1 functional mimetics (CFMs) are a novel class of compounds that inhibit growth of diverse cancer cell types. Here we investigated MPM cell growth suppression by the CFMs and the molecular mechanisms involved. CFM-1, -4, and -5 inhibited MPM cell growth, in vitro, in part by stimulating apoptosis. Apoptosis by CFM-4 involved activation of pro-apoptotic stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) p38 and JNK, elevated CARP-1 expression, cleavage of PARP1, and loss of the oncogene c-myc as well as mitotic cyclin B1. Treatments of MPM cells with CFM-4 resulted in depletion of NF-κB signaling inhibitor ABIN1 and Inhibitory κB (IκB)α and β, while increasing expression of pro-apoptotic death receptor (DR) 4 protein. CFM-4 enhanced expression of serine-phosphorylated podoplanin and cleavage of vimetin. CFMs also attenuated biological properties of the MPM cells by blocking their abilities to migrate, form colonies in suspension, and invade through the matrix-coated membranes. Both podoplanin and vimentin regulate processes of cell motility and invasion, and their expression often correlates with metastatic disease, and poor prognosis. The fact that phosphorylation of serines in the cytoplasmic domain of podoplanin interferes with processes of cellular motility, CFM-4-dependent elevated phosphorylated podoplanin and cleavage of vimentin underscore a metastasis inhibitory property of these compounds, and suggest that CFMs and/or their future analogs have potential as anti-MPM agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Jamal
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vino T. Cheriyan
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Magesh Muthu
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sara Munie
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Edi Levi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Abdelkader E. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Harvey I. Pass
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Anil Wali
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Rishi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ashour AE, Jamal S, Cheryan VT, Muthu M, Zoheir KMA, Alafeefy AM, Abd-Allah AR, Levi E, Tarca AL, Polin LA, Rishi AK. CARP-1 functional mimetics: a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of medulloblastoma cell growth. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66733. [PMID: 23826121 PMCID: PMC3691183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas (MBs) constitute an aggressive class of intracranial pediatric tumors. Current multimodality treatments for MBs include surgery, ionizing radiation, and chemotherapy. Toxic side effects of therapies coupled with high incidence of recurrence and the metastatic spread warrant development of more effective, less toxic therapies for this disease. CARP-1/CCAR1 is a peri-nuclear phospho-protein that is a co-activator of the cell cycle regulatory anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ligase. CARP-1 functional mimetics (CFMs) are a novel class of small molecule compounds that interfere with CARP-1 binding with APC/C subunit APC-2, and suppress growth of a variety of cancer cells in part by promoting apoptosis. Here we investigated MB growth inhibitory potential of the CFMs and found that CFM-4 inhibits growth of MB cells in part by inducing CARP-1 expression, promoting PARP cleavage, activating pro-apoptotic stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK) p38 and JNK, and apoptosis. Gene-array-based analysis of the CFM-4-treated Daoy MB cells indicated down-regulation of a number of key cell growth and metastasis-promoting genes including cell motility regulating small GTP binding protein p21Rac1, and extracellular matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-10. Moreover, CFM-4 treatment stimulated expression of a number of molecules such as neurotrophin (NTF)3, and NF-κB signaling inhibitors ABIN1 and 2 proteins. Overexpression of NTF3 resulted in reduced MB cell viability while knock-down of NTF3 interfered with CFM-4-dependent loss of viability. CFMs also attenuated biological properties of the MB cells by blocking their abilities to migrate, form colonies in suspension, and invade through the matrix-coated membranes. Together our data support anti-MB properties of CFM-4, and provide a proof-of-concept basis for further development of CFMs as potential anti-cancer agents for MBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader E. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Jamal
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vino T. Cheryan
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Magesh Muthu
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Khairy M. A. Zoheir
- Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Alafeefy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel R. Abd-Allah
- Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edi Levi
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Polin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Rishi
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Tan J, Fan L, Mao JJ, Chen B, Zheng L, Zhang T, Li T, Duan J, Duan Y, Jin Z, Kuang W. Restoration of miR-34a in p53 deficient cells unexpectedly promotes the cell survival by increasing NFκB activity. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2903-8. [PMID: 22531959 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of miR-34a by p53 is recently believed to be a key mediator in the pro-apoptotic effects of this tumor suppressor. We sought to determine whether restoration of miR-34a levels in p53 deficient cells could rescue the response to DNA damage. Compared with the p53 wildtype U2OS cells, miR-34a expression was much lower in p53 deficient Saos2 cells upon cisplatin treatment. Unexpectedly, delivery of miR-34a in Saos2 cells does not increase the cell sensitivity to apoptosis. This effect was mediated by direct downregulation of SirT1 expression by miR-34a, which in turn increased the NFκB activity. Inhibition of NFκB activity in Saos2 cells by Aspirin sensitized the miR-34a overexpressing cells to cell death. Thus, in tumors with p53 deficiency, miR-34a restoration alone confers drug resistance through Sirt1-NFκB pathway and combination of miR-34a and NFκB inhibitor could be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Tan
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou 510010, People's Republic of China
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Yuzefovych LV, Solodushko VA, Wilson GL, Rachek LI. Protection from palmitate-induced mitochondrial DNA damage prevents from mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and impaired insulin signaling in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells. Endocrinology 2012; 153:92-100. [PMID: 22128025 PMCID: PMC3249685 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Saturated free fatty acids have been implicated in the increase of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and insulin resistance seen in type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether palmitate-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage contributed to increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, impaired insulin signaling, and reduced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Adenoviral vectors were used to deliver the DNA repair enzyme human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase/(apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase (hOGG1) to mitochondria in L6 myotubes. After palmitate exposure, we evaluated mtDNA damage, mitochondrial function, production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, insulin signaling pathways, and glucose uptake. Protection of mtDNA from palmitate-induced damage by overexpression of hOGG1 targeted to mitochondria significantly diminished palmitate-induced mitochondrial superoxide production, restored the decline in ATP levels, reduced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) kinase, prevented cells from entering apoptosis, increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of serine-threonine kinase (Akt) (Ser473) and tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, and thereby enhanced glucose transporter 4 translocation to plasma membrane, and restored insulin signaling. Addition of a specific inhibitor of JNK mimicked the effect of mitochondrial overexpression of hOGG1 and partially restored insulin sensitivity, thus confirming the involvement of mtDNA damage and subsequent increase of oxidative stress and JNK activation in insulin signaling in L6 myotubes. Our results are the first to report that mtDNA damage is the proximal cause in palmitate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired insulin signaling and provide strong evidence that targeting DNA repair enzymes into mitochondria in skeletal muscles could be a potential therapeutic treatment for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa V Yuzefovych
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
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Pereira AM, Tudor C, Kanger JS, Subramaniam V, Martin-Blanco E. Integrin-dependent activation of the JNK signaling pathway by mechanical stress. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26182. [PMID: 22180774 PMCID: PMC3236745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force is known to modulate the activity of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade. However, the effect of mechanical stresses on JNK signaling activation has previously only been analyzed by in vitro detection methods. It still remains unknown how living cells activate the JNK signaling cascade in response to mechanical stress and what its functions are in stretched cells. We assessed in real-time the activity of the JNK pathway in Drosophila cells by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM), using an intramolecular phosphorylation-dependent dJun-FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) biosensor. We found that quantitative FRET-FLIM analysis and confocal microscopy revealed sustained dJun-FRET biosensor activation and stable morphology changes in response to mechanical stretch for Drosophila S2R+ cells. Further, these cells plated on different substrates showed distinct levels of JNK activity that associate with differences in cell morphology, integrin expression and focal adhesion organization. These data imply that alterations in the cytoskeleton and matrix attachments may act as regulators of JNK signaling, and that JNK activity might feed back to modulate the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion. We found that this dynamic system is highly plastic; at rest, integrins at focal adhesions and talin are key factors suppressing JNK activity, while multidirectional static stretch leads to integrin-dependent, and probably talin-independent, Jun sensor activation. Further, our data suggest that JNK activity has to coordinate with other signaling elements for the regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell shape remodeling associated with stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maria Pereira
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cicerone Tudor
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes S. Kanger
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Subramaniam
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (EMB); (VS)
| | - Enrique Martin-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (EMB); (VS)
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Chan DD, Van Dyke WS, Bahls M, Connell SD, Critser P, Kelleher JE, Kramer MA, Pearce SM, Sharma S, Neu CP. Mechanostasis in apoptosis and medicine. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 106:517-24. [PMID: 21846479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanostasis describes a complex and dynamic process where cells maintain equilibrium in response to mechanical forces. Normal physiological loading modes and magnitudes contribute to cell proliferation, tissue growth, differentiation and development. However, cell responses to abnormal forces include compensatory apoptotic mechanisms that may contribute to the development of tissue disease and pathological conditions. Mechanotransduction mechanisms tightly regulate the cell response through discrete signaling pathways. Here, we provide an overview of links between pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling and mechanotransduction signaling pathways, and identify potential clinical applications for treatments of disease by exploiting mechanically-linked apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Chan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Yuzefovych L, Wilson G, Rachek L. Different effects of oleate vs. palmitate on mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and insulin signaling in L6 skeletal muscle cells: role of oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E1096-105. [PMID: 20876761 PMCID: PMC3006254 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00238.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The type of free fatty acids (FFAs), saturated or unsaturated, is critical in the development of insulin resistance (IR), since the degree of saturation correlates with IR. We compared the effects of the saturated FFA palmitate, the unsaturated FFA oleate, and a mixture of each on the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and insulin-signaling pathway in skeletal muscle cells. Only palmitate caused a significant increase of mtROS production, which correlated with concomitant mtDNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, induction of JNK, apoptosis, and inhibition of insulin signaling. Blocking de novo synthesis of ceramide abolished the effects of palmitate on mtROS production, viability, and insulin signaling. Oleate alone did not cause mtROS generation and mtDNA damage, and its addition to palmitate prevented palmitate-induced mtDNA damage, increased total ATP levels and cell viability, and prevented palmitate-induced apoptosis and inhibition of insulin-stimulated Akt (Ser(473)) phosphorylation. The peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) protein level and promoter activity were decreased at concentrations of palmitate ≥0.5 mM, whereas addition of oleate increased both PGC-1α level and promoter activity. Expression of the mitochondrial transcription factor (TFAM) was significantly diminished after palmitate but not oleate treatment. Addition of the ROS scavenger, N-acetylcystein (NAC), to palmitate restored both the expression and promoter activity of PGC-1α as well as TFAM expression. We propose that 1) mtROS generation is the initial event in the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent apoptosis and the inhibition of insulin signaling and that 2) oleate ameliorates palmitate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and thus may contribute to the prevention of palmitate-induced IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Yuzefovych
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Univ. of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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