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Neff RA, Bosch-Gutierrez A, Sun Y, Katsyv I, Song WM, Wang M, Walsh MJ, Zhang B. Dysfunction of ubiquitin protein ligase MYCBP2 leads to cell resilience in human breast cancers. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad036. [PMID: 37435531 PMCID: PMC10331931 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, and it is estimated that 294 000 new diagnoses and 37 000 deaths will occur each year in the United States alone by 2030. Large-scale genomic studies have identified a number of genetic loci with alterations in breast cancer. However, identification of the genes that are critical for tumorgenicity still remains a challenge. Here, we perform a comprehensive functional multi-omics analysis of somatic mutations in breast cancer and identify previously unknown key regulators of breast cancer tumorgenicity. We identify dysregulation of MYCBP2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and an upstream regulator of mTOR signaling, is accompanied with decreased disease-free survival. We validate MYCBP2 as a key target through depletion siRNA using in vitro apoptosis assays in MCF10A, MCF7 and T47D cells. We demonstrate that MYCBP2 loss is associated with resistance to apoptosis from cisplatin-induced DNA damage and cell cycle changes, and that CHEK1 inhibition can modulate MYCBP2 activity and caspase cleavage. Furthermore, we show that MYCBP2 knockdown is associated with transcriptomic responses in TSC2 and in apoptosis genes and interleukins. Therefore, we show that MYCBP2 is an important genetic target that represents a key node regulating multiple molecular pathways in breast cancer corresponding with apparent drug resistance in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Neff
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Almudena Bosch-Gutierrez
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mount Sinai Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mount Sinai Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Igor Katsyv
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Won-min Song
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mount Sinai Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Deng Y, Adam V, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Wu Q, Wei W, Kuca K. c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in cellular senescence. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2089-2109. [PMID: 37335314 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence leads to decreased tissue regeneration and inflammation and is associated with diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms of cellular senescence are not fully understood. Emerging evidence has indicated that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is involved in the regulation of cellular senescence. JNK can downregulate hypoxia inducible factor-1α to accelerate hypoxia-induced neuronal cell senescence. The activation of JNK inhibits mTOR activity and triggers autophagy, which promotes cellular senescence. JNK can upregulate the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 and accelerates cancer cell senescence; however, this signaling also mediates the expression of amphiregulin and PD-LI to achieve cancer cell immune evasion and prevents their senescence. The activation of JNK further triggers forkhead box O expression and its target gene Jafrac1 to extend the lifespan of Drosophila. JNK can also upregulate the expression of DNA repair protein poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 and heat shock protein to delay cellular senescence. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the function of JNK signaling in cellular senescence and includes a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying JNK-mediated senescence evasion and oncogene-induced cellular senescence. We also summarize the research progress in anti-aging agents that target JNK signaling. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular targets of cellular senescence and provides insights into anti-aging, which may be used to develop drugs for the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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3
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Mi S, Liu X, Zhang L, Wang Y, Sun L, Yuan S, Cui M, Liu Y. Chinese medicine formula 'Baipuhuang Keli' inhibits triple-negative breast cancer by hindering DNA damage repair via MAPK/ERK pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116077. [PMID: 36572327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baipuhuang Keli (BPH, constituted by Bai Tou Weng (Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel), Pu Gong Ying (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.), Huang Qin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), Huang Bo (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)) is a Chinese herbal formula with clearing heat and cooling blood, and removing toxin effects, which is suit for the case of breast cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY Here, we aim to explore the effects of BPH on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, cell viability assay, colony formation assay, soft agar assay, cell proliferation curve assay, and EdU assay were employed to determine the anti-proliferation effect induced by BPH. Cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry. DNA damage in cells treated with BPH was indicated by comet assay, immunofluorescence, and Western Blot. Both the 4T1 orthotopic tumor model and the MDA-MB-231 subcutaneous tumor model were used to assess in vivo effect of BPH (312.5, and 625 mg/kg). The protein expression levels of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and the MAPK/ERK pathway were detected by Western Blot. RESULTS Our results indicated that TNBC cells were more sensitive to BPH than mammary epithelial cells. Cell proliferation of TNBC cells was significantly inhibited by BPH in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, BPH induced DNA damage in TNBC cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. DDR of TNBC cells was inhibited by BPH. MAPK/ERK pathway was inhibited in cells treated with BPH, and DNA damage can be reversed while EGF was added to activate MAPK/ERK pathway. The 4T1 orthotopic tumor model and the MDA-MB-231 subcutaneous tumor model further confirmed that BPH inhibited TNBC proliferation via inhibition of DDR and MAPK/ERK pathway in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we proved that BPH is a potential anticancer Chinese herbal formula for TNBC in the manner of in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Mi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Liufeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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Taylor MJ, Thompson AM, Alhajlah S, Tuxworth RI, Ahmed Z. Inhibition of Chk2 promotes neuroprotection, axon regeneration, and functional recovery after CNS injury. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2611. [PMID: 36103534 PMCID: PMC9473583 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks occur in many acute and long-term neurological conditions, including neurodegeneration, neurotrauma, and stroke. Nonrepaired breaks chronically activate the DNA damage response in neurons, leading to neural dysfunction and apoptosis. Here, we show that targeting of the central ATM-Chk2 pathway regulating the response to double-strand breaks slows neural decline in Drosophila models of chronic neurodegeneration. Inhibitors of ATM-Chk2, but not the parallel ATR-Chk1 pathway, also promote marked, functional recovery after acute central nervous system injury in rats, suggesting that inhibiting nonhomologous end-joining rather than homologous recombination is crucial for neuroprotection. We demonstrate that the Chk2 inhibitor, prexasertib, which has been evaluated in phase 2 clinical trials for cancer, has potent neuroprotective effects and represents a new treatment option to promote functional recovery after spinal cord or optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Taylor
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Adam M. Thompson
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Applied Medical Science College, Shaqra University, Addawadmi, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard I. Tuxworth
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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5
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Misek SA, Foda BM, Dexheimer TS, Akram M, Conrad SE, Schmidt JC, Neubig RR, Gallo KA. BRAF Inhibitor Resistance Confers Increased Sensitivity to Mitotic Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:766794. [PMID: 35444937 PMCID: PMC9015667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.766794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single agent and combination therapy with BRAFV600E/K and MEK inhibitors have remarkable efficacy against melanoma tumors with activating BRAF mutations, but in most cases BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) resistance eventually develops. One resistance mechanism is reactivation of the ERK pathway. However, only about half of BRAFi resistance is due to ERK reactivation. The purpose of this study is to uncover pharmacological vulnerabilities of BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, with the goal of identifying new therapeutic options for patients whose tumors have developed resistance to BRAFi/MEKi therapy. We screened a well-annotated compound library against a panel of isogenic pairs of parental and BRAFi-resistant melanoma cell lines to identify classes of compounds that selectively target BRAFi-resistant cells over their BRAFi-sensitive counterparts. Two distinct patterns of increased sensitivity to classes of pharmacological inhibitors emerged. In two cell line pairs, BRAFi resistance conferred increased sensitivity to compounds that share the property of cell cycle arrest at M-phase, including inhibitors of aurora kinase (AURK), polo-like kinase (PLK), tubulin, and kinesin. Live cell microscopy, used to track mitosis in real time, revealed that parental but not BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells were able to exit from compound-induced mitotic arrest through mitotic slippage, thus escaping death. Consistent with the key role of Cyclin B1 levels in regulating mitosis at the spindle checkpoint in arrested cells, we found lower Cyclin B1 levels in parental compared with BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, suggesting that inability to down-regulate Cyclin B1 expression levels may explain the increased vulnerability of resistant cells to mitotic inhibitors. Another BRAFi-resistant cell line showed increased sensitivity to Chk1/2 inhibitors, which was associated with an accumulation of DNA damage, resulting in mitotic failure. This study demonstrates that BRAFi-resistance, in at least a subset of melanoma cells, confers vulnerability to pharmacological disruption of mitosis and suggests a targeted synthetic lethal approach for overcoming resistance to BRAF/MEK-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Misek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bardees M Foda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Thomas S Dexheimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Maisah Akram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Susan E Conrad
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jens C Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,"Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D.", Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kathleen A Gallo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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6
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MiR-139-3p Targets CHEK1 Modulating DNA Repair and Cell Viability in Lung Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:832-840. [PMID: 35150405 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) can be classified into several subtypes, where lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) is one common subtype. Though miR-139-3p has been reported to be implicated in the development of various cancers, its mechanisms and functions remain unclear in LUSC. In this study, miR-139-3p was screened as one of the significantly down-regulated miRNAs in LUSC by an "edgeR" differential analysis based on TCGA database, which was verified by qRT-PCR in LUSC cell lines as well. The viability and cell cycle of the LUSC cells were examined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively, exhibiting that upregulating miR-139-3p restrained cell viability and thus accelerating the cell cycle. To explain this phenomenon, we further explored the downstream target gene through miRTarBase and starBase databases, where CHEK1 was predicted as one candidate. The targeting relationship was verified by a dual luciferase assay, identifying that CHEK1 could be targeted by miR-139-3p. Then, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect the expression of CHEK1 mRNA and proteins under the alteration of miR-139-3p expression. Rescue experiments were conducted to confirm the impacts of miR-139-3p/CHEK1 axis on the cell viability and cell cycle of LUSC. The results indicated that the effects of miR-139-3p on the LUSC cell phenotypes could be blocked by overexpressing CHEK1. In conclusion, our study provides a novel insight into the regulatory role of miR-139-3p in the development of LUSC.
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Xu J, Wang Y, Kauffman AE, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhu J, Maratea K, Fabre K, Zhang Q, Woodruff TK, Xiao S. A Tiered Female Ovarian Toxicity Screening Identifies Toxic Effects of Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitors on Murine Growing Follicles. Toxicol Sci 2021; 177:405-419. [PMID: 32697846 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian toxicity (ovotoxicity) is one of the major side effects of pharmaceutical compounds for women at or before reproductive age. The current gold standard for screening of compounds' ovotoxicity largely relies on preclinical investigations using whole animals. However, in vivo models are time-consuming, costly, and harmful to animals. Here, we developed a 3-tiered ovotoxicity screening approach starting from encapsulated in vitro follicle growth (eIVFG) and screened for the potential ovotoxicity of 8 preclinical compounds from AstraZeneca (AZ). Results from Tiers 1 to 2 screenings using eIVFG showed that the first 7 tested AZ compounds, AZ-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, and -G, had no effect on examined mouse follicle and oocyte reproductive outcomes, including follicle survival and development, 17β-estradiol secretion, ovulation, and oocyte meiotic maturation. However, AZ-H, a preclinical compound targeting the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor to potentiate the anticancer effects of DNA-damaging agents, significantly promoted granulosa cell apoptosis and the entire growing follicle atresia at clinically relevant concentrations of 1 and 10 μM. The more targeted explorations in Tier 2 revealed that the ovotoxic effect of AZ-H primarily resulted from checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition in granulosa cells. Using in vivo mouse model, the Tier 3 screening confirmed the in vitro ovotoxicities of AZ-H discovered in Tiers 1 and 2. Also, although AZ-H at 0.1 μM alone was not ovotoxic, it significantly exacerbated gemcitabine-induced ovotoxicities on growing follicles. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the tiered ovotoxicity screening approach starting from eIVFG identifies and prioritizes pharmaceutical compounds of high ovotoxicity concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Xu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208.,NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions (OHHC2I), University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Yingzheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208.,NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions (OHHC2I), University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Alexandra E Kauffman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Kimberly Maratea
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451
| | - Kristin Fabre
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Teresa K Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Shuo Xiao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208.,NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions (OHHC2I), University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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8
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Fernandes SG, Shah P, Khattar E. Recent Advances in Therapeutic Application of DNA Damage Response Inhibitors against Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:469-484. [PMID: 34102988 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608105735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA integrity is continuously challenged by intrinsic cellular processes and environmental agents. To overcome this genomic damage, cells have developed multiple signaling pathways collectively named as DNA damage response (DDR) and composed of three components: (i) sensor proteins, which detect DNA damage, (ii) mediators that relay the signal downstream and recruit the repair machinery, and (iii) the repair proteins, which restore the damaged DNA. A flawed DDR and failure to repair the damage lead to the accumulation of genetic lesions and increased genomic instability, which is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells tend to harbor increased mutations in DDR genes and often have fewer DDR pathways than normal cells. This makes cancer cells more dependent on particular DDR pathways and thus become more susceptible to compounds inhibiting those pathways compared to normal cells, which have all the DDR pathways intact. Understanding the roles of different DDR proteins in the DNA damage response and repair pathways and identification of their structures have paved the way for the development of their inhibitors as targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the major participants of various DDR pathways, their significance in carcinogenesis, and focus on the inhibitors developed against several key DDR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Prachi Shah
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India
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9
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Katoueezadeh M, Pilehvari N, Fatemi A, Hassanshahi G, Torabizadeh SA. Inhibition of DNA damage response pathway using combination of DDR pathway inhibitors and radiation in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2803-2816. [PMID: 33960207 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An alarming increase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases among children and adults has attracted the attention of researchers to discover new therapeutic strategies with a better prognosis. In cancer cells, the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway elements have been recognized to protect tumor cells from various stresses and cause tumor progression; targeting these DDR members is an attractive strategy for treatment of cancers. The inhibition of the DDR pathway in cancer cells for the treatment of cancers has recently been introduced. Hence, effective treatment strategies are needed for this purpose. Chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for acute leukemia. This review aims to assess the synergistic effects of these inhibitors with irradiation for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Katoueezadeh
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Niloofar Pilehvari
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718796755, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Atekeh Torabizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911319, Iran
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10
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Jin T, Wang P, Long X, Jiang K, Song P, Wu W, Xu G, Zhou Y, Li J, Liu T. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Orally Bioavailable CHK1 Inhibitors Active against Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1477-1487. [PMID: 33591599 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a central component in DNA damage response and has emerged as a target for antitumor therapeutics. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of potent diaminopyrimidine CHK1 inhibitors. The compounds exhibited moderate to potent CHK1 inhibition and could suppress the proliferation of malignant hematological cell lines. The optimized compound 13 had a CHK1 IC50 value of 7.73±0.74 nM, and MV-4-11 cells were sensitive to it (IC50 =0.035±0.007 μM). Furthermore, compound 13 was metabolically stable in mouse liver microsomes in vitro and displayed moderate oral bioavailability in vivo. Moreover, treatment of MV-4-11 cells with compound 13 for 2 h led to robust inhibition of CHK1 autophosphorylation on serine 296. Based on these biochemical results, we consider compound 13 to be a promising CHK1 inhibitor and potential anticancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Wang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiubing Long
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Kailong Jiang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pinrao Song
- Shanghai Jemincare Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Jemincare Group Research Institute, 1118 Halei Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wenbiao Wu
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gaoya Xu
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Institution for Drug Discovery Innovation, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, 528400, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Institution for Drug Discovery Innovation, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, 528400, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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11
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Feng PP, Qi YK, Li N, Fei HR. Scutebarbatine A induces cytotoxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma via activation of the MAPK and ER stress signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22731. [PMID: 33512038 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Scutebarbatine A (SBT-A), a diterpenoid alkaloid found in the root of Scutellaria barbata D. Don, has been reported to induce the apoptosis of A549 cells. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of SBT-A in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the potential underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that SBT-A inhibited the growth of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. SBT-A treatment caused cell cycle arrest and decreased the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin D1, p-Cdc2, and p-Cdc25C. SBT-A triggered cell apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway, and cell viability was partially restored by pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. In HCC cells, treatment with SBT-A increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and 2 (JNK1/2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Moreover, SBT-A activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the upregulation of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4), and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP). Our data indicate that SBT-A inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells and triggers their apoptosis via the activation of MAPK and ER stress. SBT-A is a potential agent for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - You-Kun Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Hong-Rong Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
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12
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Hwang JR, Kim WY, Cho YJ, Ryu JY, Choi JJ, Jeong SY, Kim MS, Kim JH, Paik ES, Lee YY, Han HD, Lee JW. Chloroquine reverses chemoresistance via upregulation of p21 WAF1/CIP1 and autophagy inhibition in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1034. [PMID: 33277461 PMCID: PMC7718923 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming drug-resistance is a big challenge to improve the survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In this study, we investigated the effect of chloroquine (CQ) and its combination with cisplatin (CDDP) in drug-resistant EOC cells. We used the three EOC cell lines CDDP-resistant A2780-CP20, RMG-1 cells, and CDDP-sensitive A2780 cells. The CQ-CDDP combination significantly decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in all cell lines. The combination induced expression of γH2AX, a DNA damage marker protein, and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Although the CQ-CDDP combination decreased protein expression of ATM and ATR, phosphorylation of ATM was increased and expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 was also increased in CQ-CDDP-treated cells. Knockdown of p21WAF1/CIP1 by shRNA reduced the expression of γH2AX and phosphorylated ATM and inhibited caspase-3 activity but induced ATM protein expression. Knockdown of p21WAF1/CIP1 partly inhibited CQ-CDDP-induced G2/M arrest, demonstrating that knockdown of p21WAF1/CIP1 overcame the cytotoxic effect of the CQ-CDDP combination. Ectopic expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 in CDDP-treated ATG5-shRNA/A2780-CP20 cells increased expression of γH2AX and caspase-3 activity, demonstrating increased DNA damage and cell death. The inhibition of autophagy by ATG5-shRNA demonstrated similar results upon CDDP treatment, except p21WAF1/CIP1 expression. In an in vivo efficacy study, the CQ-CDDP combination significantly decreased tumor weight and increased expression of γH2AX and p21WAF1/CIP1 in A2780-CP20 orthotopic xenografts and a drug-resistant patient-derived xenograft model of EOC compared with controls. These results demonstrated that CQ increases cytotoxicity in combination with CDDP by inducing lethal DNA damage by induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression and autophagy inhibition in CDDP-resistant EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ryoung Hwang
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Ryu
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joo Choi
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - E Sun Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Jeon JY, Buelow DR, Garrison DA, Niu M, Eisenmann ED, Huang KM, Zavorka Thomas ME, Weber RH, Whatcott CJ, Warner SL, Orwick SJ, Carmichael B, Stahl E, Brinton LT, Lapalombella R, Blachly JS, Hertlein E, Byrd JC, Bhatnagar B, Baker SD. TP-0903 is active in models of drug-resistant acute myeloid leukemia. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140169. [PMID: 33268594 PMCID: PMC7714403 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment for AML is challenging due to the presence of clonal heterogeneity and the evolution of polyclonal drug resistance. Here, we report that TP-0903 has potent activity against protein kinases related to STAT, AKT, and ERK signaling, as well as cell cycle regulators in biochemical and cellular assays. In vitro and in vivo, TP-0903 was active in multiple models of drug-resistant FLT3 mutant AML, including those involving the F691L gatekeeper mutation and bone marrow microenvironment–mediated factors. Furthermore, TP-0903 demonstrated preclinical activity in AML models with FLT3-ITD and common co-occurring mutations in IDH2 and NRAS genes. We also showed that TP-0903 had ex vivo activity in primary AML cells with recurrent mutations including MLL-PTD, ASXL1, SRSF2, and WT1, which are associated with poor prognosis or promote clinical resistance to AML-directed therapies. Our preclinical studies demonstrate that TP-0903 is a multikinase inhibitor with potent activity against multiple drug-resistant models of AML that will have an immediate clinical impact in a heterogeneous disease like AML. TP-0903, a multikinase inhibitor, demonstrates preclinical activity in models of drug-resistant AML, including those involving FLT3 mutations, bone marrow microenvironment-mediated factors and recurrent mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Jeon
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy
| | | | | | - Mingshan Niu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy
| | | | - Kevin M Huang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy
| | | | - Robert H Weber
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Stahl
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | | | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James S Blachly
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin Hertlein
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bhavana Bhatnagar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sharyn D Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
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14
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Aubets E, Noé V, Ciudad CJ. Targeting replication stress response using polypurine reverse hoogsteen hairpins directed against WEE1 and CHK1 genes in human cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113911. [PMID: 32173365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In response to DNA damage, cell cycle checkpoints produce cell cycle arrest to repair and maintain genomic integrity. Due to the high rates of replication and genetic abnormalities, cancer cells are dependent on replication stress response (RSR) and inhibitors of this pathway are being studied as an anticancer approach. In this direction, we investigated the inhibition of CHK1 and WEE1, key components of RSR, using Polypurine Reverse Hoogsteen hairpins (PPRHs) as gene silencing tool. PPRHs designed against WEE1 or CHK1 reduced the viability of different cancer cell lines and showed an increase of apoptosis in HeLa cells. The effect of the PPRHs on cell viability were dose- and time-dependent in HeLa cells. Both the levels of mRNA and protein for each gene were decreased after treatment with the PPRHs. When analyzing the levels of the two CHK1 mRNA splicing variants, CHK1 and CHK1-S, there was a proportional decrease of the two forms, thus maintaining the same expression ratio. PPRHs targeting WEE1 and CHK1 also proved to disrupt cell cycle after 15 h of treatment. Moreover, PPRHs showed a synergy effect when combined with DNA damaging agents, such as methotrexate or 5-Fluorouracil, widely used in clinical practice. This work validates in vitro the usage of PPRHs as a silencing tool against the RSR genes WEE1 and CHK1 and corroborates the potential of inhibiting these targets as a single agent therapy or in combination with other chemotherapy agents in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aubets
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Véronique Noé
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos J Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Assani G, Segbo J, Yu X, Yessoufou A, Xiong Y, Zhou F, Zhou Y. Downregulation of TMPRSS4 Enhances Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Radiosensitivity Through Cell Cycle and Cell Apoptosis Process Impairment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3679-3687. [PMID: 31870109 PMCID: PMC7173382 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radioresistance remains a challenge for cancer radiotherapy. The present study aims to investigate the role of TMPRSS4 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell radiosensitivity. Materials and Methods: After transfection of MDA-MD-468 triple negative breast cancer cells line by using the lentivirus vector, the effect of TMPRSS4 down-regulation on TNBC radiosensitivity was evaluated by using cloning assay and CCK-8 assay. The CCK-8 assay was also used for performing cell proliferation analysis. Western blot was carried out to detect the expression of certain proteins related to cell cycle pathways (cyclin D1), cell apoptosis pathways (Bax, Bcl2, and Caspase3), DNA damage and DNA damage repair (TRF2, Ku80 , ˠH2AX) . The cell cycle and cell apoptosis were also investigated using flow cytometer analysis. Results: TMPRSS4 expression was down-regulated in MDA-MB-468 cells which enhanced MDA-MB-468 cells radiosensitivity. TMPRSS4 silencing also improved IR induced cell proliferation ability reduction and promoted cell arrested at G2/M phase mediated by 6 Gy IR associated with cyclin D1 expression inhibition. Moreover, TMPRSS4 inhibition enhanced TNBC apoptosis induced by 6 Gy IR following by over-expression of (Bax, Caspase3) and down-regulation of Bcl2 as the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, respectively. Otherwise, TMPRSS4 down-regulation increases DNA damage induced by 6 Gy IR and delays DNA damage repair respectively illustrated by downregulation of TRF2 and permanent increase of Ku80 and ˠH2AX expression at 1 h and 10 h post-IR. Conclusion: Down-regulation of TMPRSS4 increases triple negative breast cancer cell radiosensitivity and the use of TMPRSS4 inhibitor can be encouraged for improving radiotherapy effectiveness in TNBC radioresistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiou Assani
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Julien Segbo
- University of Abomey Calavi, BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Yudi Xiong
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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16
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de Jong Y, Bennani F, van Oosterwijk JG, Alberti G, Baranski Z, Wijers-Koster P, Venneker S, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, van de Akker BE, Baelde H, Cleton-Jansen AM, van de Water B, Danen EH, Bovée JV. A screening-based approach identifies cell cycle regulators AURKA, CHK1 and PLK1 as targetable regulators of chondrosarcoma cell survival. J Bone Oncol 2019; 19:100268. [PMID: 31832331 PMCID: PMC6889735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage tumors that are relatively resistant towards conventional therapeutic approaches. Kinase inhibitors have been investigated and shown successful for several different cancer types. In this study we aimed at identifying kinase inhibitors that inhibit the survival of chondrosarcoma cells and thereby serve as new potential therapeutic strategies to treat chondrosarcoma patients. An siRNA screen targeting 779 different kinases was conducted in JJ012 chondrosarcoma cells in parallel with a compound screen consisting of 273 kinase inhibitors in JJ012, SW1353 and CH2879 chondrosarcoma cell lines. AURKA, CHK1 and PLK1 were identified as most promising targets and validated further in a more comprehensive panel of chondrosarcoma cell lines. Dose response curves were performed using tyrosine kinase inhibitors: MK-5108 (AURKA), LY2603618 (CHK1) and Volasertib (PLK1) using viability assays and cell cycle analysis. Apoptosis was measured at 24 h after treatment using a caspase 3/7 assay. Finally, chondrosarcoma patient samples (N = =34) were used to examine the correlation between AURKA, CHK1 and PLK1 RNA expression and documented patient survival. Dose dependent decreases in viability were observed in chondrosarcoma cell lines after treatment with MK-5108, LY2603618 and volasertib, with cell lines showing highest sensitivity to PLK1 inhibition. In addition increased sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy was observed after CHK1 inhibition in a subset of the cell lines. Interestingly, whereas AURKA and CHK1 were both expressed in chondrosarcoma patient samples, PLK1 expression was found to be low compared to normal cartilage. Analysis of patient samples revealed that high CHK1 RNA expression correlated with a worse overall survival. AURKA, CHK1 and PLK1 are identified as important survival genes in chondrosarcoma cell lines. Although further research is needed to validate these findings, inhibiting CHK1 seems to be the most promising potential therapeutic target for patients with chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fairuz Bennani
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jolieke G. van Oosterwijk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gaia Alberti
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna Baranski
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline Wijers-Koster
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Venneker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inge H. Briaire-de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Brendy E. van de Akker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H.J. Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Judith V.M.G. Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Maheswari U, Ghosh K, Sadras SR. Licarin A induces cell death by activation of autophagy and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Apoptosis 2019; 23:210-225. [PMID: 29468481 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has a relatively poor prognosis with a low survival rate and drugs that target other cell death mechanism like autophagy may help improving current therapeutic strategy. This study investigated the anti-proliferative effect of Licarin A (LCA) from Myristica fragrans in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines-A549, NCI-H23, NCI-H520 and NCI-H460. LCA inhibited proliferation of all the four cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner with minimum IC50 of 20.03 ± 3.12, 22.19 ± 1.37 µM in NCI-H23 and A549 cells respectively. Hence NCI-H23 and A549 cells were used to assess the ability LCA to induce autophagy and apoptosis. LCA treatment caused G1 arrest, increase in Beclin 1, LC3II levels and degradation of p62 indicating activation of autophagy in both NCI-H23 and A549 cells. In addition, LCA mediated apoptotic cell death was confirmed by MMP loss, increased ROS, cleaved PARP and decreased pro-caspase3. To understand the role of LCA induced autophagy and its association with apoptosis, cells were analysed following treatment with a late autophagy inhibitor-chloroquine and also after Beclin 1 siRNA transfection. Data indicated that inhibition of autophagy resulted in reduced anti-proliferative as well as pro-apoptotic ability of LCA. These findings confirmed that LCA brought about autophagy dependent apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells and hence it may serve as a potential drug candidate for non-small cell lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheswari
- DBT-IPLS Programme, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671314, India
| | - Sudha Rani Sadras
- DBT-IPLS Programme, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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18
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Lee YH, Chen YY, Yeh YL, Wang YJ, Chen RJ. Stilbene Compounds Inhibit Tumor Growth by the Induction of Cellular Senescence and the Inhibition of Telomerase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112716. [PMID: 31159515 PMCID: PMC6600253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of cell cycle arrest characterized by a distinct morphology, gene expression pattern, and secretory phenotype. It can be triggered by multiple mechanisms, including those involved in telomere shortening, the accumulation of DNA damage, epigenetic pathways, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and so on. In current cancer therapy, cellular senescence has emerged as a potent tumor suppression mechanism that restrains proliferation in cells at risk for malignant transformation. Therefore, compounds that stimulate the growth inhibition effects of senescence while limiting its detrimental effects are believed to have great clinical potential. In this review article, we first review the current knowledge of the pro- and antitumorigeneic functions of senescence and summarize the key roles of telomerase in the regulation of senescence in tumors. Second, we review the current literature regarding the anticancer effects of stilbene compounds that are mediated by the targeting of telomerase and cell senescence. Finally, we provide future perspectives on the clinical utilization of stilbene compounds, especially resveratrol and pterostilbene, as novel cancer therapeutic remedies. We conclude and propose that stilbene compounds may induce senescence and may potentially be used as the therapeutic or adjuvant agents for cancers with high telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ling Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
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19
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Zheng K, He Z, Kitazato K, Wang Y. Selective Autophagy Regulates Cell Cycle in Cancer Therapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:104-125. [PMID: 30662557 PMCID: PMC6332805 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant function of cell cycle regulators results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, making them attractive therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Indeed, survival of many cancers exclusively relies on these proteins, and several specific inhibitors are in clinical use. Although the ubiquitin-proteasome system is responsible for the periodic quality control of cell cycle proteins during cell cycle progression, increasing evidence clearly demonstrates the intimate interaction between cell cycle regulation and selective autophagy, important homeostasis maintenance machinery. However, these studies have often led to divergent rather than unifying explanations due to complexity of the autophagy signaling network, the inconsistent functions between general autophagy and selective autophagy, and the different characteristics of autophagic substrates. In this review, we highlight current data illustrating the contradictory and important role of cell cycle proteins in regulating autophagy. We also focus on how selective autophagy acts as a central mechanism to maintain orderly DNA repair and genome integrity by degrading specific cell cycle proteins, regulating cell division, and promoting DNA damage repair. We further discuss the ways in which selective autophagy may impact the cell cycle regulators, since failure to appropriately remove these can interfere with cell death-related processes, including senescence and autophagy-related cell death. Imbalanced cell proliferation is typically utilized by cancer cells to acquire resistance. Finally, we discuss the possibility of a potent anticancer therapeutic strategy that targets selective autophagy or autophagy and cell cycle together.
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Paculová H, Kramara J, Šimečková Š, Fedr R, Souček K, Hylse O, Paruch K, Svoboda M, Mistrík M, Kohoutek J. BRCA1 or CDK12 loss sensitizes cells to CHK1 inhibitors. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317727479. [PMID: 29025359 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317727479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad spectrum of tumors develop resistance to classic chemotherapy, necessitating the discovery of new therapies. One successful strategy exploits the synthetic lethality between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1/2 proteins and DNA damage response genes, including BRCA1, a factor involved in homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair, and CDK12, a transcriptional kinase known to regulate the expression of DDR genes. CHK1 inhibitors have been shown to enhance the anti-cancer effect of DNA-damaging compounds. Since loss of BRCA1 increases replication stress and leads to DNA damage, we tested a hypothesis that CDK12- or BRCA1-depleted cells rely extensively on S-phase-related CHK1 functions for survival. The silencing of BRCA1 or CDK12 sensitized tumor cells to CHK1 inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. BRCA1 downregulation combined with CHK1 inhibition induced excessive amounts of DNA damage, resulting in an inability to complete the S-phase. Therefore, we suggest CHK1 inhibition as a strategy for targeting BRCA1- or CDK12-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Paculová
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Kramara
- 2 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Šimečková
- 3 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,Czech Republic.,4 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- 3 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,Czech Republic.,5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- 3 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,Czech Republic.,4 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Hylse
- 5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,6 Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- 5 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,6 Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- 7 Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mistrík
- 2 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Narayan S, Jaiswal AS, Sharma R, Nawab A, Duckworth LV, Law BK, Zajac-Kaye M, George TJ, Sharma J, Sharma AK, Hromas RA. NSC30049 inhibits Chk1 pathway in 5-FU-resistant CRC bulk and stem cell populations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57246-57264. [PMID: 28915668 PMCID: PMC5593639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment induces DNA damage and stalling of DNA replication forks. These stalled replication forks then collapse to form one sided double-strand breaks, leading to apoptosis. However, colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells rapidly repair the stalled/collapsed replication forks and overcome treatment effects. Recent evidence suggests a critical role of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) in preventing the replicative stress. Therefore, Chk1 kinase has been a target for developing mono or combination therapeutic agents. In the present study, we have identified a novel orphan molecule NSC30049 (NSC49L) that is effective alone, and in combination potentiates 5-FU-mediated growth inhibition of CRC heterogeneous bulk and FOLFOX-resistant cell lines in culture with minimal effect on normal colonic epithelial cells. It also inhibits the sphere forming activity of CRC stem cells, and decreases the expression levels of mRNAs of CRC stem cell marker genes. Results showed that NSC49L induces 5-FU-mediated S-phase cell cycle arrest due to increased load of DNA damage and increased γ-H2AX staining as a mechanism of cytotoxicity. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed a higher bioavailability of this compound, however, with a short plasma half-life. The drug is highly tolerated by animals with no pathological aberrations. Furthermore, NSC49L showed very potent activity in a HDTX model of CRC stem cell tumors either alone or in combination with 5-FU. Thus, NSC49L as a single agent or combined with 5-FU can be developed as a therapeutic agent by targeting the Chk1 pathway in 5-FU-resistant CRC heterogeneous bulk and CRC stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Aruna S. Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Akbar Nawab
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lizette Vila Duckworth
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian K. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Maria Zajac-Kaye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas J. George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jay Sharma
- Celprogen, Inc., Torrance, CA 90503, USA
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Robert A. Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Xin Y, Jiang F, Yang C, Yan Q, Guo W, Huang Q, Zhang L, Jiang G. Role of autophagy in regulating the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2147-2157. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Zhou ZR, Yang ZZ, Wang SJ, Zhang L, Luo JR, Feng Y, Yu XL, Chen XX, Guo XM. The Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 increases the radiosensitivity of human triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:513-523. [PMID: 28042876 PMCID: PMC5386307 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MK-8776 is a recently described inhibitor that is highly selective for checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), which can weaken the DNA repair capacity in cancer cells to achieve chemo-sensitization. A number of studies show that MK-8776 enhances the cytotoxicity of hydroxyurea and gemcitabine without increasing normal tissue toxicities. Thus far, there is no evidence that MK-8776 can be used as a radiotherapy sensitization agent. In this study, we investigated the effects of MK-8776 on the radiosensitivity of 3 human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines MDA-MB-231, BT-549 and CAL-51. MK-8776 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, BT-549 and CAL-51 cells with IC50 values of 9.4, 17.6 and 2.1 μmol/L, respectively. Compared with irradiation-alone treatment, pretreatment with a low dose of MK-8776 (100–400 nmol/L) significantly increased irradiation-induced γH2A.X foci in the 3 TNBC cell lines, suggesting enhanced DNA damage by MK-8776, inhibited the cell proliferation and increased the radiosensitivity of the 3 TNBC cell lines. Similar results were obtained in MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors in nude mice that received MK-8776 (15 or 40 mg/kg, ip) 26 d after irradiation. To explore the mechanisms underlying the radio-sensitization by MK-8776, we used TEM and found that irradiation significantly increased the numbers of autophagosomes in the 3 TNBC cell lines. Moreover, irradiation markedly elevated the levels of Atg5, and promoted the transformation of LC3-I to LC3-II in the cells. Pretreatment with the low dose of MK-8776 suppressed these effects. The above results suggest that MK-8776 increases human TNBC radiosensitivity by inhibiting irradiation-induced autophagy and that MK-8776 may be a potential agent in the radiosensitization of human TNBC.
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24
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Massey AJ. Modification of tumour cell metabolism modulates sensitivity to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40778. [PMID: 28106079 PMCID: PMC5247758 DOI: 10.1038/srep40778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chk1 kinase inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation as potentiators of cytotoxic chemotherapy and demonstrate potent activity in combination with anti-metabolite drugs that increase replication stress through the inhibition of nucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis. Inhibiting other metabolic pathways critical for the supply of building blocks necessary to support DNA replication may lead to increased DNA damage and synergy with an inhibitor of Chk1. A screen of small molecule metabolism modulators identified combinatorial activity between a Chk1 inhibitor and chloroquine or the LDHA/LDHB inhibitor GSK 2837808A. Compounds, such as 2-deoxyglucose or 6-aminonicotinamide, that reduced the fraction of cells undergoing active replication rendered tumour cells more resistant to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Withdrawal of glucose or glutamine induced G1 and G2/M arrest without increasing DNA damage and reduced Chk1 expression and activation through autophosphorylation. This suggests the expression and activation of Chk1 kinase is associated with cells undergoing active DNA replication. Glutamine starvation rendered tumour cells more resistant to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage and reversal of the glutamine starvation restored the sensitivity of tumour cells to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Chk1 inhibitors may be a potentially useful therapeutic treatment for patients whose tumours contain a high fraction of replicating cells.
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25
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Personalised Medicine: Genome Maintenance Lessons Learned from Studies in Yeast as a Model Organism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1007:157-178. [PMID: 28840557 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yeast research has been tremendously contributing to the understanding of a variety of molecular pathways due to the ease of its genetic manipulation, fast doubling time as well as being cost-effective. The understanding of these pathways did not only help scientists learn more about the cellular functions but also assisted in deciphering the genetic and cellular defects behind multiple diseases. Hence, yeast research not only opened the doors for transforming basic research into applied research, but also paved the roads for improving diagnosis and innovating personalized therapy of different diseases. In this chapter, we discuss how yeast research has contributed to understanding major genome maintenance pathways such as the S-phase checkpoint activation pathways, repair via homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining as well as topoisomerases-induced protein linked DNA breaks repair. Defects in these pathways lead to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Thus, the understanding of the exact genetic defects underlying these diseases allowed the development of personalized medicine, improving the diagnosis and treatment and overcoming the detriments of current conventional therapies such as the side effects, toxicity as well as drug resistance.
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26
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Ronco C, Martin AR, Demange L, Benhida R. ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2 and WEE1 inhibitors in cancer and cancer stem cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 8:295-319. [PMID: 30108746 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00439c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA inevitably undergoes a high number of damages throughout the cell cycle. To preserve the integrity of the genome, cells have developed a complex enzymatic machinery aimed at sensing and repairing DNA lesions, pausing the cell cycle to provide more time to repair, or induce apoptosis if damages are too severe. This so-called DNA-damage response (DDR) is yet considered as a major source of resistance to DNA-damaging treatments in oncology. Recently, it has been hypothesized that cancer stem cells (CSC), a sub-population of cancer cells particularly resistant and with tumour-initiating ability, allow tumour re-growth and cancer relapse. Therefore, DDR appears as a relevant target to sensitize cancer cells and cancer stem cells to classical radio- and chemotherapies as well as to overcome resistances. Moreover, the concept of synthetic lethality could be particularly efficiently exploited in DDR. Five kinases play pivotal roles in the DDR: ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2 and WEE1. Herein, we review the drugs targeting these proteins and the inhibitors used in the specific case of CSC. We also suggest molecules that may be of interest for preclinical and clinical researchers studying checkpoint inhibition to sensitize cancer and cancer stem cells to DNA-damaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Anthony R Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143.,Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Fr-75006 , France.,Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères , 45 rue des Saints Pères , France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
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Fei HR, Tian H, Zhou XL, Yang MF, Sun BL, Yang XY, Jiao P, Wang FZ. Inhibition of autophagy enhances effects of PF-04691502 on apoptosis and DNA damage of lung cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Rorà AGLD, Iacobucci I, Imbrogno E, Papayannidis C, Derenzini E, Ferrari A, Guadagnuolo V, Robustelli V, Parisi S, Sartor C, Abbenante MC, Paolini S, Martinelli G. Prexasertib, a Chk1/Chk2 inhibitor, increases the effectiveness of conventional therapy in B-/T- cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:53377-53391. [PMID: 27438145 PMCID: PMC5288194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few years many Checkpoint kinase 1/2 (Chk1/Chk2) inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of different type of cancers. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of the Chk 1/2 inhibitor prexasertib mesylate monohydrate in B-/T- cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as single agent and in combination with other drugs. The prexasertib reduced the cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner in all the treated cell lines. The cytotoxic activity was confirmed by the increment of apoptotic cells (Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining), by the increase of γH2A.X protein expression and by the activation of different apoptotic markers (Parp-1 and pro-Caspase3 cleavage). Furthermore, the inhibition of Chk1 changed the cell cycle profile. In order to evaluate the chemo-sensitizer activity of the compound, different cell lines were treated for 24 and 48 hours with prexasertib in combination with other drugs (imatinib, dasatinib and clofarabine). The results from cell line models were strengthened in primary leukemic blasts isolated from peripheral blood of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. In this study we highlighted the mechanism of action and the effectiveness of prexasertib as single agent or in combination with other conventional drugs like imatinib, dasatinib and clofarabine in the treatment of B-/T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrica Imbrogno
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Derenzini
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana Guadagnuolo
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Robustelli
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Parisi
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartor
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Abbenante
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolini
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seragnoli”, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Shen J, Lu X, Du W, Zhou J, Qiu H, Chen J, Shen X, Zhong M. Lobetyol activate MAPK pathways associated with G 1 /S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MKN45 cells in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Manic G, Obrist F, Sistigu A, Vitale I. Trial Watch: Targeting ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways for anticancer therapy. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e1012976. [PMID: 27308506 PMCID: PMC4905354 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1012976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated serine/threonine kinase (ATM)/checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2, best known as CHK2) and the ATM and Rad3-related serine/threonine kinase (ATR)/CHEK1 (best known as CHK1) cascades are the 2 major signaling pathways driving the DNA damage response (DDR), a network of processes crucial for the preservation of genomic stability that act as a barrier against tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Mutations and/or deletions of ATM and/or CHK2 are frequently found in tumors and predispose to cancer development. In contrast, the ATR-CHK1 pathway is often upregulated in neoplasms and is believed to promote tumor growth, although some evidence indicates that ATR and CHK1 may also behave as haploinsufficient oncosuppressors, at least in a specific genetic background. Inactivation of the ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways efficiently sensitizes malignant cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, ATR and CHK1 inhibitors selectively kill tumor cells that present high levels of replication stress, have a deficiency in p53 (or other DDR players), or upregulate the ATR-CHK1 module. Despite promising preclinical results, the clinical activity of ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 inhibitors, alone or in combination with other therapeutics, has not yet been fully demonstrated. In this Trial Watch, we give an overview of the roles of the ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways in cancer initiation and progression, and summarize the results of clinical studies aimed at assessing the safety and therapeutic profile of regimens based on inhibitors of ATR and CHK1, the only 2 classes of compounds that have so far entered clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florine Obrist
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “TorVergata”; Rome, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights recent clinical developments in the therapeutic targeting of cell cycle control in melanoma with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, checkpoint kinases, MDM2, MDM4 and p53 inhibitors. RECENT FINDINGS The high prevalence of activating genetic aberrations along the p16 INK4A:cyclinD-CDK4/6:RB pathway in melanoma and increasing evidence that alterations in this pathway are linked to melanomagenesis, make targeting the p16 INK4A:cyclinD-CDK4/6:RB pathway in melanoma logical and highly attractive. The presence of elevated CDK4 activity appears to correlate with greater CDK4/6 inhibitor therapeutic activity, whereas the loss of RB1 has been linked to CDK inhibitor resistance. Other novel compounds targeting cell cycle control via reactivating wild-type p53 and checkpoint kinases are also currently under investigation in melanoma. SUMMARY Cell cycle control is a promising target in the management of melanoma with early data reporting therapeutic benefit with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, MDM2, and p53 reactivation compounds. Many of these drugs have entered phase I and II clinical trial development. Preliminary data from these studies are discussed in this review along with future treatment strategies for maximizing treatment outcomes in advanced melanoma. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COON/A12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Lee
- aDepartment of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne bDepartment of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville cDepartment of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy dMolecular Oncology Laboratory, Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program eTranslational Research Laboratory, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Alem F, Yao K, Lane D, Calvert V, Petricoin EF, Kramer L, Hale ML, Bavari S, Panchal RG, Hakami RM. Host response during Yersinia pestis infection of human bronchial epithelial cells involves negative regulation of autophagy and suggests a modulation of survival-related and cellular growth pathways. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:50. [PMID: 25762983 PMCID: PMC4327736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis (Yp) causes the re-emerging disease plague, and is classified by the CDC and NIAID as a highest priority (Category A) pathogen. Currently, there is no approved human vaccine available and advances in early diagnostics and effective therapeutics are urgently needed. A deep understanding of the mechanisms of host response to Yp infection can significantly advance these three areas. We employed the Reverse Phase Protein Microarray (RPMA) technology to reveal the dynamic states of either protein level changes or phosphorylation changes associated with kinase-driven signaling pathways during host cell response to Yp infection. RPMA allowed quantitative profiling of changes in the intracellular communication network of human lung epithelial cells at different times post infection and in response to different treatment conditions, which included infection with the virulent Yp strain CO92, infection with a derivative avirulent strain CO92 (Pgm-, Pst-), treatment with heat inactivated CO92, and treatment with LPS. Responses to a total of 111 validated antibodies were profiled, leading to discovery of 12 novel protein hits. The RPMA analysis also identified several protein hits previously reported in the context of Yp infection. Furthermore, the results validated several proteins previously reported in the context of infection with other Yersinia species or implicated for potential relevance through recombinant protein and cell transfection studies. The RPMA results point to strong modulation of survival/apoptosis and cell growth pathways during early host response and also suggest a model of negative regulation of the autophagy pathway. We find significant cytoplasmic localization of p53 and reduced LC3-I to LC3-II conversion in response to Yp infection, consistent with negative regulation of autophagy. These studies allow for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis mechanisms and the discovery of innovative approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Alem
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Kuan Yao
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Douglas Lane
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Valerie Calvert
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Liana Kramer
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Martha L Hale
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rekha G Panchal
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ramin M Hakami
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
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33
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Wang H, Liu T, Li L, Wang Q, Yu C, Liu X, Li W. Tetrandrine is a potent cell autophagy agonist via activated intracellular reactive oxygen species. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:4. [PMID: 25973171 PMCID: PMC4429611 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-5-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process that involves the lysosomal degradation of proteins and organelles and the recycling of cellular components to ensure cellular survival under external or internal stress. Numerous data has indicated that autophagy can be successfully targeted for the treatment of multiple cancers. We have previously demonstrated that tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the broadly used Chinese medicinal herb Stephaniae tetrandrae, exhibits potent antitumor effects when used either alone or in combination with other drugs. Results In the present study, we showed that tetrandrine is a broad-spectrum potent autophagy agonist. Although low-dose tetrandrine treatment does not affect cell viability, it can potently induce autophagy in a variety of cell lines, including cancerous cells and nontumorigenic cells. The autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ), effectively blocked tetrandrine-induced autophagy. Moreover, tetrandrine significantly triggered the induction of mitophagy. The underlying mechanisms are associated with the tetrandrine-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays a critical role in tetrandrine-induced autophagy. Conclusions Here, we report that tetrandrine is a potent cell autophagy agonist and may have a wide range of applications in the fields of antitumor therapy and basic scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 P R China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 P R China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 P R China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 P R China
| | - Chunrong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 P R China
| | - Xin Liu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 P R China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 P R China
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Farooqi AA, Attar R, Arslan BA, Romero MA, ul Haq MF, Qadir MI. Recently emerging signaling landscape of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6485-8. [PMID: 25169474 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Research over the years has progressively and sequentially provided near complete resolution of regulators of the DNA repair pathways which are so important for cancer prevention. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), a high-molecular-weight PI3K-family kinase has emerged as a master regulator of DNA damage signaling and extensive cross-talk between ATM and downstream proteins forms an interlaced signaling network. There is rapidly growing scientific evidence emphasizing newly emerging paradigms in ATM biology. In this review, we provide latest information regarding how oxidative stress induced activation of ATM can be utilized as a therapeutic target in different cancer cell lines and in xenografted mice. Moreover, crosstalk between autophagy and ATM is also discussed with focus on how autophagy inhibition induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan E-mail :
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