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Zhong MZ, Peng T, Duarte ML, Wang M, Cai D. Updates on mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:23. [PMID: 38462606 PMCID: PMC10926682 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States (US). Animal models, specifically mouse models have been developed to better elucidate disease mechanisms and test therapeutic strategies for AD. A large portion of effort in the field was focused on developing transgenic (Tg) mouse models through over-expression of genetic mutations associated with familial AD (FAD) patients. Newer generations of mouse models through knock-in (KI)/knock-out (KO) or CRISPR gene editing technologies, have been developed for both familial and sporadic AD risk genes with the hope to more accurately model proteinopathies without over-expression of human AD genes in mouse brains. In this review, we summarized the phenotypes of a few commonly used as well as newly developed mouse models in translational research laboratories including the presence or absence of key pathological features of AD such as amyloid and tau pathology, synaptic and neuronal degeneration as well as cognitive and behavior deficits. In addition, advantages and limitations of these AD mouse models have been elaborated along with discussions of any sex-specific features. More importantly, the omics data from available AD mouse models have been analyzed to categorize molecular signatures of each model reminiscent of human AD brain changes, with the hope to guide future selection of most suitable models for specific research questions to be addressed in the AD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Peng
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Science Research Program, Scarsdale High School, New York, NY, 10583, USA
| | - Mariana Lemos Duarte
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Research & Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Research & Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neurology, N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), The Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
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2
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Induction of Accelerated Aging in a Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091418. [PMID: 35563724 PMCID: PMC9102583 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the global increase of the elderly population, the improvement of the treatment for various aging-related diseases and the extension of a healthy lifespan have become some of the most important current medical issues. In order to understand the developmental mechanisms of aging and aging-related disorders, animal models are essential to conduct relevant studies. Among them, mice have become one of the most prevalently used model animals for aging-related studies due to their high similarity to humans in terms of genetic background and physiological structure, as well as their short lifespan and ease of reproduction. This review will discuss some of the common and emerging mouse models of accelerated aging and related chronic diseases in recent years, with the aim of serving as a reference for future application in fundamental and translational research.
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Differential role of melatonin in healthy brain aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the SAMP8 model. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9373-9397. [PMID: 33811754 PMCID: PMC8064193 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between oxidative stress (OS) and cellular senescence (CS) is an important research topic because of the rapidly aging global population. Melatonin (MT) is associated with aging and plays a pivotal role in redox homeostasis, but its role in maintaining physiological stability in the brain (especially in OS-induced senescence) remains elusive. Here, we systematically reviewed the differential role of MT on OS-induced senescence in the SAMP8 mouse model. Major electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. Pooled mean differences (MDs)/standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the effect size. Overall, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. MT treatment was associated with the reduction of lipid peroxidation (SMD = -2.00, 95% CI [-2.91, -1.10]; p < 0.0001) and carbonylated protein (MD = -5.74, 95% CI [-11.03, -0.44]; p = 0.03), and with enhancement of the reduced-glutathione/oxidized-glutathione ratio (MD = 1.12, 95% CI [0.77, 1.47]; p < 0.00001). No differences were found in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities between MT-treated and vehicle-treated groups. Furthermore, nuclear-factor-κB, cyclin-dependent kinase-5, and p53 were regulated by MT administration. MT may improve physiological stability during aging by regulating interactions in brain senescence, but acts differentially on the antioxidant system.
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4
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Carvalho C, Cardoso S. Diabetes-Alzheimer's Disease Link: Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Redox Imbalance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:631-649. [PMID: 32098477 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: It is of common sense that the world population is aging and life expectancy is increasing. However, as the population ages, there is also an exponential risk to live into the ages where the brain-related frailties and neurodegenerative diseases develop. Hand in hand with those events, the world is witnessing a major upsurge in diabetes diagnostics. Remarkably, all of this seems to be narrowly related, and clinical and research communities highlight for the upcoming threat that it will represent for the present and future generations. Recent Advances: It is of utmost importance to clarify the influence of diabetes-related metabolic features on brain health and the mechanisms underlying the increased likelihood of developing neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease. Thereupon, a wealth of evidence suggests that mitochondria and associated oxidative stress are at the root of the link between diabetes and co-occurring disorders in the brain. Critical Issues: The scientific community has been challenged with constant failures of clinical trials raising major issues in the advance of the therapeutic field to fight chronic diseases epidemics. Thus, a change of paradigms is urgently needed. Future Directions: It has become urgent to identify new and solid candidates able to clinically reproduce the positive outcomes obtained in preclinical studies. On this basis, strategies settled to counteract diabetes-induced neurodegeneration encompassing mitochondrial dysfunction, redox status imbalance, and/or insulin dysregulation seem worth to follow. Hopefully, ongoing innovative research based on reliable experimental tools will soon bring the desired answers allowing pharmaceutical industry to apply such knowledge to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Interdisciplinarie Institute of Investigation, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Interdisciplinarie Institute of Investigation, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Protection of MCC950 against Alzheimer's disease via inhibiting neuronal pyroptosis in SAMP8 mice. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2603-2614. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Jia Y, Cao N, Zhai J, Zeng Q, Zheng P, Su R, Liao T, Liu J, Pei H, Fan Z, Zhou J, Xi J, He L, Chen L, Nan X, Yue W, Pei X. HGF Mediates Clinical-Grade Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Functional Recovery in a Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903809. [PMID: 32995116 PMCID: PMC7507104 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have emerged as a potential therapy for a range of neural insults, but their application in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still limited and the mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of stem cells remain to be elucidated. Here, the effects of clinical-grade human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on the recovery of cognitive ability in SAMP8 mice, a senescence-accelerated mouse model of AD is explored. A functional assay identifies that the core functional factor hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted from hUC-MSCs plays critical roles in hUC-MSC-modulated recovery of damaged neural cells by down-regulating hyperphosphorylated tau, reversing spine loss, and promoting synaptic plasticity in an AD cell model. Mechanistically, structural and functional recovery, as well as cognitive enhancements elicited by exposure to hUC-MSCs, are at least partially mediated by HGF in the AD hippocampus through the activation of the cMet-AKT-GSK3β signaling pathway. Taken together, these data strongly implicate HGF in mediating hUC-MSC-induced improvements in functional recovery in AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jia
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Ning Cao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceKunming650032China
| | - Jinglei Zhai
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Pei Zheng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Ruyu Su
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Tuling Liao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Haiyun Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Zeng Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Junnian Zhou
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Jiafei Xi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Lijuan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Lin Chen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Xue Nan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
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Sasaki K, Davies J, Doldán NG, Arao S, Ferdousi F, Szele FG, Isoda H. 3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid induces adult neurogenesis and improves deficit of learning and memory in aging model senescence-accelerated prone 8 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:401-422. [PMID: 30654329 PMCID: PMC6366991 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) is a natural polyphenol with evidence of antioxidant and neuroprotective effects and prevention of deficits in spatial learning and memory. We studied the cognitive-enhancing effect of 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid (TCQA) and explored its cellular and molecular mechanism in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model of aging and Alzheimer's disease as well as in human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Mice were fed with 5 mg/kg of TCQA for 30 days and were tested in the Morris water maze (MWM). Brain tissues were collected for immunohistochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to detect activated stem cells and newborn neurons. TCQA-treated SAMP8 exhibited significantly improved cognitive performance in MWM compared to water-treated SAMP8. TCQA-treated SAMP8 mice also had significantly higher numbers of BrdU+/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) and BrdU+/Neuronal nuclei (NeuN+) cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenic niche compared with untreated SAMP8. In hNSCs, TCQA induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, actin cytoskeleton organization, chromatin remodeling, neuronal differentiation, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling. The neurogenesis promoting effect of TCQA in the DG of SAMP8 mice might explain the cognition-enhancing influence of TCQA observed in our study, and our hNSCs in aggregate suggest a therapeutic potential for TCQA in aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.,Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Julie Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13QX, UK
| | - Noelia Geribaldi Doldán
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13QX, UK
| | - Sayo Arao
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13QX, UK
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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8
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Sun M, McDonald SJ, Brady RD, Collins-Praino L, Yamakawa GR, Monif M, O'Brien TJ, Cloud GC, Sobey CG, Mychasiuk R, Loane DJ, Shultz SR. The need to incorporate aged animals into the preclinical modeling of neurological conditions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 109:114-128. [PMID: 31877345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease are serious clinical problems that affect millions of people worldwide. The majority of clinical trials for these common conditions have failed, and there is a critical need to understand why treatments in preclinical animal models do not translate to patients. Many patients with these conditions are middle-aged or older, however, the majority of preclinical studies have used only young-adult animals. Considering that aging involves biological changes that are relevant to the pathobiology of neurological diseases, the lack of aged subjects in preclinical research could contribute to translational failures. This paper details how aging affects biological processes involved in neurological conditions, and reviews aging research in the context of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. We conclude that aging is an important, but often overlooked, factor that influences biology and outcomes in neurological conditions, and provide suggestions to improve our understanding and treatment of these diseases in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lyndsey Collins-Praino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Geoffrey C Cloud
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Stroke Services, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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9
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High Levels of β-Amyloid, Tau, and Phospho-Tau in Red Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Neuropathology in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5030475. [PMID: 31281579 PMCID: PMC6590616 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common Neurodegenerative Disease (ND), primarily characterised by neuroinflammation, neuronal plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. α-Synuclein (α-syn) and its heteroaggregates with Aβ and tau have been recently included among the neuropathological elements of NDs. These pathological traits are not restricted to the brain, but they reach peripheral fluids as well. In this sense, Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are emerging as a good model to investigate the biochemical alterations of aging and NDs. Herein, the levels of homo- and heteroaggregates of ND-related proteins were analysed at different stages of disease progression. In particular, a validated animal model of AD, the SAMP8 (Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone) and its control strain SAMR1 (Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Resistant) were used in parallel experiments. The levels of the aforementioned proteins and of the inflammatory marker interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were examined in both brain and RBCs of SAMP8 and SAMR1 at 6 and 8 months. Brain Aβ, tau, and phospho-tau (p-tau) were higher in SAMP8 mice than in control mice and increased with AD progression. Similar accumulation kinetics were found in RBCs, even if slower. By contrast, α-syn and its heterocomplexes (α-syn-Aβ and α-syn-tau) displayed different accumulation kinetics between brain tissue and RBCs. Both brain and peripheral IL-1β levels were higher in SAMP8 mice, but increased sooner in RBCs, suggesting that inflammation might initiate at a peripheral level before affecting the brain. In conclusion, these results confirm RBCs as a valuable model for monitoring neurodegeneration, suggesting peripheral Aβ, tau, and p-tau as potential early biomarkers of AD.
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Griñán-Ferré C, Corpas R, Puigoriol-Illamola D, Palomera-Ávalos V, Sanfeliu C, Pallàs M. Understanding Epigenetics in the Neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's Disease: SAMP8 Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:943-963. [PMID: 29562529 PMCID: PMC5870033 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is emerging as the missing link among genetic inheritance, environmental influences, and body and brain health status. In the brain, specific changes in nucleic acids or their associated proteins in neurons and glial cells might imprint differential patterns of gene activation that will favor either cognitive enhancement or cognitive loss for more than one generation. Furthermore, derangement of age-related epigenetic signaling is appearing as a significant risk factor for illnesses of aging, including neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, better knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms might provide hints and clues in the triggering and progression of AD. Intense research in experimental models suggests that molecular interventions for modulating epigenetic mechanisms might have therapeutic applications to promote cognitive maintenance through an advanced age. The SAMP8 mouse is a senescence model with AD traits in which the study of epigenetic alterations may unveil epigenetic therapies against the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Corpas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Palomera-Ávalos
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Vela S, Sainz N, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Solas M, Ramirez MJ. DHA Selectively Protects SAMP-8-Associated Cognitive Deficits Through Inhibition of JNK. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1618-1627. [PMID: 29911253 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A potential role of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) has been suggested in memory, learning, and cognitive processes. Therefore, ω-3 PUFAs might be a promising treatment option, albeit controversial, for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the different mechanisms that have been proposed as responsible for the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs, inhibition of JNK stands as a particularly interesting candidate. In the present work, it has been studied whether the administration of two different PUFAs (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) and a DHA-derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (MaR1) is able to reverse cognitive deficits in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse model of sporadic AD. The novel object recognition test (NORT) test showed that recognition memory was significantly impaired in SAMP8 mice, as shown by a significantly decreased discrimination index that was reversed by MaR1 and DHA. In the retention phase of the Morris water maze (MWM) task, SAMP8 mice showed memory deficit that only DHA treatment was able to reverse. pJNK levels were significantly increased in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice compared to SAMR1 mice, and only DHA treatment was able to significantly reverse these increased pJNK levels. Similar results were found when measuring c-Jun, the main JNK substrate. Consequently to the increases in tau phosphorylation after increased pJNK, it was checked that tau phosphorylation (PHF-1) was increased in SAMP mice, and this effect was reversed after DHA treatment. Altogether, DHA could represent a new approach for the treatment of AD through JNK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sainz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. .,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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Cardoso S, Carvalho C, Correia SC, Seiça RM, Moreira PI. Alzheimer's Disease: From Mitochondrial Perturbations to Mitochondrial Medicine. Brain Pathol 2018; 26:632-47. [PMID: 27327899 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are distressing conditions causing countless levels of suffering for which treatment is often insufficient or inexistent. Considered to be the most common cause of dementia and an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, the intricate pathogenic mechanisms of AD continue to be revealed and, consequently, an effective treatment needs to be developed. Among the diverse hypothesis that have been proposed to explain AD pathogenesis, the one concerning mitochondrial dysfunction has raised as one of the most discussed with an actual acceptance in the field. It posits that manipulating mitochondrial function and understanding the deficits that result in mitochondrial injury may help to control and/or limit the development of AD. To achieve such goal, the concept of mitochondrial medicine places itself as a promising gathering of strategies to directly manage the major insidious disturbances of mitochondrial homeostasis as well as attempts to directly or indirectly manage its consequences in the context of AD. The aim of this review is to summarize the evolution that occurred from the establishment of mitochondrial homeostasis perturbation as masterpieces in AD pathogenesis up until the development of mitochondrial medicine. Following a brief glimpse in the past and current hypothesis regarding the triad of aging, mitochondria and AD, this manuscript will address the major mechanisms currently believed to participate in above mentioned events. Both pharmacological and lifestyle interventions will also be reviewed as AD-related mitochondrial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia C Correia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Seiça
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IBILI-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Han XM, Wu SX, Wu MF, Yang XF. Antioxidant effect of peony seed oil on aging mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1703-1708. [PMID: 30263708 PMCID: PMC6049733 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
d-galactose was injected into mice of ages 4-5 months, and peony seed oil was administered using an oral gavage to assess its possible anti-aging functions. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain and liver of these mice were determined using biochemical kits. The significance of the differences in the content of the components associated with aging and anti-aging among each group was analyzed statistically. The MDA content and activities of MAO in the brain and liver of mice in the peony seed oil group were significantly lower than those in the aging group. The activities of GSH-Px, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD in the brain and liver of mice in the peony seed oil group were very significantly higher than those in the aging group. Peony seed oil was determined to have an obvious anti-aging function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Miao Han
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Su-Xi Wu
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004 China
- Haorui Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Mei-Fang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004 China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- School Hospital, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004 China
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14
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Melatonin Prevents the Harmful Effects of Obesity on the Brain, Including at the Behavioral Level. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5830-5846. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Koda T, Takanari J, Kitadate K, Imai H. Enzyme-treated Asparagus Extract (ETAS) Enhances Memory in Normal Rats and Induces Neurite-outgrowth in PC12 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) contains various phytochemicals. It has been reported that ETAS protected early cognitive impairment of SAMP8 mice and Aβ-induced reduction of PC12 cell viability. In addition, ETAS had several functions on healthy people. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ETAS on normal memory function of rats and neurite-outgrowth of PC12 cells. ETAS significantly accelerated learning acquisition in in vivo and neurite-outgrowth in in vitro study. In conclusion, ETAS affected on memory function in early stage in normal rats. The basis of this effect may induce neurite-outgrowth in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Koda
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo 152-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Takanari
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Imai
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo 152-8558, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Brain inflammaging is increasingly considered as contributing to age-related cognitive loss and neurodegeneration. Despite intensive research in multiple models, no clinically effective pharmacological treatment has been found yet. Here, in the mouse model of brain senescence SAMP8, we tested the effects of proinsulin, a promising neuroprotective agent that was previously proven to be effective in mouse models of retinal neurodegeneration. Proinsulin is the precursor of the hormone insulin but also upholds developmental physiological effects, particularly as a survival factor for neural cells. Adeno-associated viral vectors of serotype 1 bearing the human proinsulin gene were administered intramuscularly to obtain a sustained release of proinsulin into the blood stream, which was able to reach the target area of the hippocampus. SAMP8 mice and the control strain SAMR1 were treated at 1 month of age. At 6 months, behavioral testing exhibited cognitive loss in SAMP8 mice treated with the null vector. Remarkably, the cognitive performance achieved in spatial and recognition tasks by SAMP8 mice treated with proinsulin was similar to that of SAMR1 mice. In the hippocampus, proinsulin induced the activation of neuroprotective pathways and the downstream signaling cascade, leading to the decrease of neuroinflammatory markers. Furthermore, the decrease of astrocyte reactivity was a central effect, as demonstrated in the connectome network of changes induced by proinsulin. Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of human proinsulin unveil a new pharmacological potential therapy in the fight against cognitive loss in the elderly.
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17
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Bodea L, Evans HT, Van der Jeugd A, Ittner LM, Delerue F, Kril J, Halliday G, Hodges J, Kiernan MC, Götz J. Accelerated aging exacerbates a pre-existing pathology in a tau transgenic mouse model. Aging Cell 2017; 16:377-386. [PMID: 28160413 PMCID: PMC5334525 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a critical factor in the prevalence of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. To observe how an aging phenotype interacts with and affects the pathological intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau, the tauopathy mouse model pR5 (expressing P301L mutant human tau) was back‐crossed more than ten times onto a senescence‐accelerated SAMP8 background to establish the new strain, SApT. Unlike SAMP8 mice, pR5 mice are characterized by a robust tau pathology particularly in the amygdala and hippocampus. Analysis of age‐matched SApT mice revealed that pathological tau phosphorylation was increased in these brain regions compared to those in the parental pR5 strain. Moreover, as revealed by immunohistochemistry, phosphorylation of critical tau phospho‐epitopes (P‐Ser202/P‐Ser205 and P‐Ser235) was significantly increased in the amygdala of SApT mice in an age‐dependent manner, suggesting an age‐associated effect of tau phosphorylation. Anxiety tests revealed that the older cohort of SApT mice (10 months vs. 8 months) exhibited a behavioural pattern similar to that observed for age‐matched tau transgenic pR5 mice and not the SAMP8 parental mice. Learning and memory, however, appeared to be governed by the accelerated aging background of the SAMP8 strain, as at both ages investigated, SAMP8 and SApT mice showed a decreased learning capacity compared to pR5 mice. We therefore conclude that accelerated aging exacerbates pathological tau phosphorylation, leading to changes in normal behaviour. These findings further suggest that SApT mice may be a useful novel model in which to study the role of a complex geriatric phenotype in tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu‐Gabriel Bodea
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR) Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Harrison Tudor Evans
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR) Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Ann Van der Jeugd
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR) Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Fabien Delerue
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Jillian Kril
- Discipline of Pathology Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Glenda Halliday
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney NSW Australia
| | - John Hodges
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR) Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
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Neuroprotective Properties of Panax notoginseng Saponins via Preventing Oxidative Stress Injury in SAMP8 Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8713561. [PMID: 28250796 PMCID: PMC5303860 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8713561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting oxidative damage in early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as a strategy for AD treatment. Our previous study has shown that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have an antiaging action by increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the serum of aged rats. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PNS on antioxidant enzymes and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) involved in oxidative stress in AD mice. The results showed that PNS prevented neuronal loss in hippocampal CA1 region and alleviated pathomorphological change of neurons in CA1 region. Moreover, PNS inhibited the production of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), enhanced the expressions and activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX, and improved the mRNA and protein levels of UCP4 and UCP5 in the brains of SAMP8 mice. Together, our study shows that PNS has the ability to protect neurons in AD brain from oxidative stress damage through attenuating the production of 8-OHdG, enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expressions levels of UCP4 and UCP5. Accordingly, PNS may be a promising agent for AD treatment.
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Pérez-Cañamás A, Sarroca S, Melero-Jerez C, Porquet D, Sansa J, Knafo S, Esteban JA, Sanfeliu C, Ledesma MD. A diet enriched with plant sterols prevents the memory impairment induced by cholesterol loss in senescence-accelerated mice. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 48:1-12. [PMID: 27622776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol reduction at the neuronal plasma membrane has been related to age-dependent cognitive decline. We have used senescent-accelerated mice strain 8 (SAMP8), an animal model for aging, to examine the association between cholesterol loss and cognitive impairment and to test strategies to revert this process. We show that the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice presents reduced cholesterol levels and enhanced amount of its degrading enzyme Cyp46A1 (Cyp46) already at 6 months of age. Cholesterol loss accounts for the impaired long-term potentiation in these mice. Plant sterol (PSE)-enriched diet prevents long-term potentiation impairment and cognitive deficits in SAMP8 mice without altering cholesterol levels. PSE diet also reduces the abnormally high amyloid peptide levels in SAMP8 mice brains and restores membrane compartmentalization of presenilin1, the catalytic component of the amyloidogenic γ-secretase. These results highlight the influence of cholesterol loss in age-related cognitive decline and provide with a noninvasive strategy to counteract it. Our results suggest that PSE overtake cholesterol functions in the brain contributing to reduce deleterious consequences of cholesterol loss during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Sarroca
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - David Porquet
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sansa
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shira Knafo
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Biofísica CSIC-UPV/EHU, Campus Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain; IkerBasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jose A Esteban
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Sreedhar R, Giridharan VV, Arumugam S, Karuppagounder V, Palaniyandi SS, Krishnamurthy P, Quevedo J, Watanabe K, Konishi T, Thandavarayan RA. Role of MAPK-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in the heart during aging in senescence-accelerated prone mice. Biofactors 2016; 42:368-75. [PMID: 27087487 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is typically related to aging as there is a definite relationship between age-related changes in the heart and the pathogenesis of heart failure. We have previously reported the involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase protein in cardiac function using animal models of heart failure. To further understand its relationship with aging-induced heart failure, we have compared its expression in the hearts of senescence accelerated-prone (SAMP8) mice and their control (SAMR1) with normal aging behavior. We have identified its activation along with reduced expression of 14-3-3η protein in SAMP8 mice hearts than in SAMR1 mice. To reveal the downstream signaling, we have measured the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins along with some inflammatory and apoptosis markers and identified a significant increase in SAMP8 mice hearts than that of SAMR1. In addition, we have performed comet assay and revealed a significant DNA damage in the cardiomyocytes of SAMP8 mice when compared with SAMR1 mice. All these results demonstrate the role of 14-3-3η protein and the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis and DNA damage in aging-induced cardiac malfunction in SAMP8 mice. Thus targeting this signaling might be effective in treating age-related cardiac dysfunction. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(4):368-375, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Suresh S Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Konishi
- NUPALS Liaison R/D Center, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- International Collaborative Research Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, China
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
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21
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Amemori T, Jendelova P, Ruzicka J, Urdzikova LM, Sykova E. Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanism and Approach to Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26417-51. [PMID: 26556341 PMCID: PMC4661820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The risk of AD increases with age. Although two of the main pathological features of AD, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, were already recognized by Alois Alzheimer at the beginning of the 20th century, the pathogenesis of the disease remains unsettled. Therapeutic approaches targeting plaques or tangles have not yet resulted in satisfactory improvements in AD treatment. This may, in part, be due to early-onset and late-onset AD pathogenesis being underpinned by different mechanisms. Most animal models of AD are generated from gene mutations involved in early onset familial AD, accounting for only 1% of all cases, which may consequently complicate our understanding of AD mechanisms. In this article, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of AD according to the two main neuropathologies, including senescence-related mechanisms and possible treatments using stem cells, namely mesenchymal and neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Amemori
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Ruzicka
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucia Machova Urdzikova
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Sykova
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic.
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Kim HS, Moon S, Paik JH, Shin DW, Kim LS, Park CS, Ha J, Kang JH. Activation of the 5′-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in the Cerebral Cortex of Young Senescence-Accelerated P8 Mice and Association with GSK3β- and PP2A-Dependent Inhibition of p-tau396 Expression. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 46:249-59. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Su Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Hypoxia-related Diseases Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Moon
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Hypoxia-related Diseases Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwe Paik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wun Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Lindsay S. Kim
- College of Arts and Science, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chang-Shin Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Hypoxia-related Diseases Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Hypoxia-related Diseases Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Bayod S, Felice P, Andrés P, Rosa P, Camins A, Pallàs M, Canudas AM. Downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:720-9. [PMID: 25443287 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the adult brain, canonical Wnt (Wnt/β-catenin) signaling modulates neuronal function, hippocampal neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Indeed, growing evidence suggests that downregulation of Wnt signaling could be involved in the cognitive decline associated with aging and also with the physiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular basis remains unknown. At present, SAMP8 is an experimental model that has been proposed for studying age-related neurodegenerative changes associated with aging and the pathogenesis of AD. Here, we examined Wnt signaling in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice at 9 and 12 months of age, as well as in its control-strain SAMR1 mice. Our results showed increased Dickkopf-1 protein levels in SAMP8 with age, in addition to GSK-3 α/β activation and hyperphosphorylated tau. Consequently, higher β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser(33,37) and Thr(41), which promotes its degradation, along with a decrease in active β-catenin (ABC) in the nucleus, were observed in SAMP8, mainly at the age of 12 months. Moreover, nuclear levels of Dvl3 were lower in 9- and 12-month-old SAMP8 mice. Related to these findings, SAMP8 showed an increase in neuronal loss in the hippocampus that was associated with lower protein levels of the antiapoptotic protein and the Wnt target gene, Bcl-2, in addition to an increase in the proapototic protein Bax. Our results suggest a relationship between age-related downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling and neuronal loss observed in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. Thus, enhancing Wnt signaling may represent a novel neuroprotective strategy aimed at counteracting the cognitive decline that is associated not only with aging but also with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Bayod
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Felice
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Rosa
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna-Maria Canudas
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Manich G, Cabezón I, Camins A, Pallàs M, Liberski PP, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C. Clustered granules present in the hippocampus of aged mice result from a degenerative process affecting astrocytes and their surrounding neuropil. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9690. [PMID: 25070375 PMCID: PMC4150886 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Clusters of pathological granular structures appear and progressively increase in number with age in the hippocampus of several mice strains, markedly in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice. In the present work, we performed an ultrastructural study of these granules paying special attention to the first stages of their formation, which have not been previously explored. The analysis of the immature granules allowed concluding that granules are not simple accumulations of molecular waste but the result of a degenerative process involving principally astrocytic processes, although nearby neuronal structures can be also affected. The granule generation includes the instability of the plasmatic membranes and the appearance of abnormal membranous structures that form intracellular bubbles or blebs of variable sizes and irregular shapes. These structures and some organelles degenerate producing some membranous fragments, and an assembly process of the resulting fragments generates the dense-core nucleus of the mature granule. Moreover, we found out that the neo-epitope recently described in the mature granules and localised abundantly in the membranous fragments of their dense-core nucleus emerges in the first stages of the granule formation. On the other hand, with this study, we increase the evidences that each cluster of granules is formed by the granules comprised in one astrocyte. A better knowledge of the causes of the granule formation and the function of the neo-epitope will help in both the interpretation of the physiological significance of the granules and their contribution to the degenerating processes in aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Manich
- />Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itsaso Cabezón
- />Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pawel P. Liberski
- />Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- />Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- />Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
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Lafuente-Sanchis A, Triguero D, Garcia-Pascual A. Changes in nerve- and endothelium-mediated contractile tone of the corpus cavernosum in a mouse model of pre-mature ageing. Andrology 2014; 2:537-49. [PMID: 24737550 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is very prevalent in the older population, although the ageing-related mechanisms involved in the development of ED are poorly understood. We propose that age-induced differences in nerve- and endothelium-mediated smooth muscle contractility in the corpus cavernosum (CC) could be found between a senescent-accelerated mouse prone (SAMP8) and senescent-accelerated mouse resistant (SAMR1) strains. We analysed the changes in muscle tension induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) or agonist addition 'in vitro', assessing nerve density (adrenergic, cholinergic and nitrergic), the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), cGMP accumulation and the distribution of interstitial cells (ICs) by immunofluorescence. We observed no change in both the nerve-dependent adrenergic excitatory contractility at physiological levels of stimulation and in the nitrergic inhibitory response in SAMP8 animals. Unlike cholinergic innervation, the density of adrenergic and nitrergic nerves increased in SAMP8 mice. In contrast, smooth muscle sensitivity to exogenous noradrenaline (NA) was slightly reduced, whereas cGMP accumulation in response to EFS and DEA/NO, and relaxations to DEA/NO and sildenafil, were not modified. No changes in the expression of eNOS and in the distribution of vimentin-positive ICs were detected in the aged animals. The ACh induced atropine-sensitive biphasic endothelium-dependent responses involved relaxation at low concentrations that turned into contractions at the highest doses. CC relaxation was mainly because of the production of NO together with some relaxant prostanoid, which did not change in SAMP8 animals. In contrast, the contractile component was considerably higher in the aged animals and it was completely inhibited by indomethacin. In conclusion, a clear imbalance towards enhanced production of contractile prostanoids from the endothelium may contribute to ED in the elderly. On the basis of these data, we propose the senescence-accelerated mouse model as a reliable tool to analyse the basic ageing mechanisms of the CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lafuente-Sanchis
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary School, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Cheng XR, Zhou WX, Zhang YX. The behavioral, pathological and therapeutic features of the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain as an Alzheimer's disease animal model. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 13:13-37. [PMID: 24269312 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread and devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease. Disease-modifying treatments remain beyond reach, and the etiology of the disease is uncertain. Animal model are essential for identifying disease mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Research on AD is currently being carried out in rodent models. The most common transgenic mouse model mimics familial AD, which accounts for a small percentage of cases. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain is a spontaneous animal model of accelerated aging. Many studies indicate that SAMP8 mice harbor the behavioral and histopathological signatures of AD, namely AD-like cognitive and behavioral alterations, neuropathological phenotypes (neuron and dendrite spine loss, spongiosis, gliosis and cholinergic deficits in the forebrain), β-amyloid deposits resembling senile plaques, and aberrant hyperphosphorylation of Tau-like neurofibrillary tangles. SAMP8 mice are useful in the development of novel therapies, and many pharmacological agents and approaches are effective in SAMP8 mice. SAMP8 mice are considered a robust model for exploring the etiopathogenesis of sporadic AD and a plausible experimental model for developing preventative and therapeutic treatments for late-onset/age-related AD, which accounts for the vast majority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-rui Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wen-xia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yong-xiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
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27
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Yang Y, Wu GY, Li X, Huang H, Hu B, Yao J, Wu B, Sui JF. Limited impairments of associative learning in a mouse model of accelerated senescence. Behav Brain Res 2013; 257:140-7. [PMID: 24076384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Research concerning impairment of associative learning during aging remains limited. The senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) prone/8 (P8) has been proposed as a useful model for the study of aging, and SAM resistant/1(SAMR1) is its control as a normal aging strain. Classical eyeblink conditioning has long been served as a model of associative learning. In order to explore the effects of aging on associative learning in SAM, the present study successively tested three paradigms of eyeblink conditioning in SAMP8 and SAMR1: classical single cue trace eyeblink conditioning (TEC), discriminative trace eyeblink conditioning and reversal learning of TEC. Behavioral performance indicated that SAMP8 could acquire limited single-cue trace eyeblink conditioning task and two-tone discrimination trace eyeblink conditioning with a relative lower acquisition rate compared to SAMR1. Both SAMP8 and SAMR1 failed to acquire reversal learning of discriminative TEC, and SAMP8' startle reflex to tone CS was lower than SAMR1. These results indicated that the impairments of aging on associative learning were incomplete in SAMP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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Bayram B, Nikolai S, Huebbe P, Ozcelik B, Grimm S, Grune T, Frank J, Rimbach G. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defence and inflammation are altered in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1205-1217. [PMID: 22767392 PMCID: PMC3705129 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study we compared biomarkers of oxidative stress, stress response, antioxidant defence and inflammation between mice (n = 10 per group, female, 7 months old) with an accelerated (SAMP8) and a normal ageing phenotype (SAMR1). As compared to SAMR1 mice, SAMP8 mice exhibited higher levels of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls as well as a lower activity of the proteasomal subunit β-5. Furthermore, heme oxygenase-1 and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) status was lower in SAMP8 mice indicating impaired stress response. Biomarkers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P were elevated in SAMP8 mice. Interestingly, impaired stress response and increased inflammation in SAMP8 mice were associated with elevated concentrations of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol in the liver. An age-dependent increase in hepatic vitamin E and a decline in PON-1 gene expression were also observed in aged compared to young C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Bayram
- />Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 6, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- />Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibylle Nikolai
- />Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 6, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- />Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 6, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Beraat Ozcelik
- />Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stefanie Grimm
- />Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Strasse 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- />Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Strasse 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- />Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- />Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 6, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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29
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Baltanás A, Solesio ME, Zalba G, Galindo MF, Fortuño A, Jordán J. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAM-P8) oxidative stress is associated with upregulation of renal NADPH oxidase system. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:927-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Aβ increases neural stem cell activity in senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2623-38. [PMID: 23796660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists in the adult brain as a form of plasticity due to the existence of neural stem cells (NSCs). Alterations in neurogenesis have been found in transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models, but NSC activity and neurogenesis in sporadic AD models remains to be examined. We herein describe a remarkable increase in NSC proliferation in the forebrain of SAMP8, a non-transgenic mouse strain that recapitulates the transition from healthy aging to AD. The increase in proliferation is transient, precedes AD-like symptoms such as amyloid beta 1-42 [Aβ(1-42)] increase or gliosis, and is followed by a steep decline at later stages. Interestingly, in vitro studies indicate that secreted Aβ(1-42) and PI3K signaling may account for the early boost in NSC proliferation. Our results highlight the role of soluble Aβ(1-42) peptide and PI3K in the autocrine regulation of NSCs, and further suggest that over-proliferation of NSCs before the appearance of AD pathology may underlie neurogenic failure during the age-related progression of the disease. These findings have implications for therapeutic approaches based on neurogenesis in AD.
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Curcumin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain of the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:595-602. [PMID: 23422877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aging brain suffers mitochondrial dysfunction and a reduced availability of energy in the form of ATP, which in turn may cause or promote the decline in cognitive, sensory, and motor function observed with advancing age. There is a need for animal models that display some of the pathological features of human brain aging in order to study their prevention by e.g. dietary factors. We thus investigated the suitability of the fast-aging senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) strain and its normally aging control senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 (SAMR1) as a model for the age-dependent changes in mitochondrial function in the brain. To this end, 2-months old male SAMR1 (n=10) and SAMP8 mice (n=7) were fed a Western type diet (control groups) for 5months and one group of SAMP8 mice (n=6) was fed an identical diet fortified with 500mg curcumin per kg. Dissociated brain cells and brain tissue homogenates were analyzed for malondialdehyde, heme oxygenase-1 mRNA, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP concentrations, protein levels of mitochondrial marker proteins for mitochondrial membranes (TIMM, TOMM), the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (ANT1, VDAC1, TSPO), respiration complexes, and fission and fusion (Fis, Opa1, Mfn1, Drp1). Dissociated brain cells isolated from SAMP8 mice showed significantly reduced MMP and ATP levels, probably due to significantly diminished complex V protein expression, and increased expression of TSPO. Fission and fusion marker proteins indicate enhanced mitochondrial fission in brains of SAMP8 mice. Treatment of SAMP8 mice with curcumin improved MMP and ATP and restored mitochondrial fusion, probably by up-regulating nuclear factor PGC1α protein expression. In conclusion, SAMP8 compared to SAMR1 mice are a suitable model to study age-dependent changes in mitochondrial function and curcumin emerges as a promising nutraceutical for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied or caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Wu B, Ueno M, Kusaka T, Miki T, Nagai Y, Nakagawa T, Kanenishi K, Hosomi N, Sakamoto H. CD36 expression in the brains of SAMP8. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013; 56:75-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pallàs M. Senescence-Accelerated Mice P8: A Tool to Study Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease in a Mouse Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/917167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The causes of aging remain unknown, but they are probably intimately linked to a multifactorial process that affects cell networks to varying degrees. Although a growing number of aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal models are available, a more comprehensive and physiological mouse model is required. In this context, the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) has a number of advantages, since its rapid physiological senescence means that it has about half the normal lifespan of a rodent. In addition, according to data gathered over the last five years, some of its behavioral traits and histopathology resemble AD human dementia. SAMP8 has remarkable pathological similarities to AD and may prove to be an excellent model for acquiring more in-depth knowledge of the age-related neurodegenerative processes behind brain senescence and AD in particular. We review these facts and particularly the data on parameters related to neurodegeneration. SAMP8 also shows signs of aging in the immune, vascular, and metabolic systems, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Pallàs
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòosia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona y Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Comparison of α-synuclein immunoreactivity in the hippocampus between the adult and aged beagle dogs. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 33:75-84. [PMID: 22972205 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn), as a neuroprotein, is expressed in neural tissue, and it is related to a synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity. In this study, we compared the distribution and immunoreactivity of α-syn and related gliosis in hippocampus between young adult (2-3 years) and aged (10-12 years) beagle dogs. In both groups, α-syn immunoreactivity was detected in neuropil of all the hippocampal sub-regions, but not in neuronal somata. In the aged hippocampus, α-syn immunoreactivity was apparently increased in mossy fibers compared to that in the adult dog. In addition, α-syn protein level was markedly increased in the aged hippocampus. On the other hand, GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity in astrocytes and microglia, respectively, were increased in all the hippocampal sub-regions of the aged group compared to that in the adult group: especially, their immunoreactivity was apparently increased around mossy fibers. In addition, in this study, we could not find any expression of α-syn in astrocytes and microglia. These results indicate that α-syn immunoreactivity apparently increases in the aged hippocampus and that GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity are also apparently increased at the regions with increased α-syn immunoreactivity. This increase in α-syn expression might be a feature of normal aging.
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Li G, Cheng H, Zhang X, Shang X, Xie H, Zhang X, Yu J, Han J. Hippocampal neuron loss is correlated with cognitive deficits in SAMP8 mice. Neurol Sci 2012; 34:963-9. [PMID: 22872064 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine whether neuron loss occurs in SAMP8 and whether neuron loss is correlated with cognitive deficits of these mice. Neuronal loss is considered as one of the most important pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD). In addition to the early-onset, irreversible, severe deficits of learning and memory, SAMP8 mice show spontaneous age-related neurodegenerative changes and other characteristics seen in AD patients, such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. However, it is still unknown whether neuron loss occurs in SAMP8 and whether neuron loss is correlated with cognitive deficits of these mice. We employed 8-month-old SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice to investigate the cognitive function and neuron numbers. The behaviors were examined by the grading score of senescence and Morris water maze (MWM) test, the neuron number in hippocampus was estimated by the optical fractionator technique. The grading score of senescence and MWM test demonstrated that SAMP8 exhibited notable age-related changes in appearance and cognitive function. Moreover, severe hippocampal neuron loss was found in SAMP8 as determined by the optical fractionator stereological method. Compared to SAMR1, the neuron number of CA1, CA3 and DG in SAMP8 was reduced by 15.6, 19.8 and 20.2 %, respectively, and the neuron loss in hippocampus was associated with cognitive deficits. Collectively, these results suggest that hippocampal neuronal loss is well correlated with learning and memory deficits in SAMP8 and SAMP8 represents an important mouse model for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First people's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan province, China
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36
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Schmitt K, Grimm A, Kazmierczak A, Strosznajder JB, Götz J, Eckert A. Insights into mitochondrial dysfunction: aging, amyloid-β, and tau-A deleterious trio. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1456-66. [PMID: 22117646 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly affecting elderly individuals. The pathology of AD is characterized by amyloid plaques (aggregates of amyloid-β [Aβ]) and neurofibrillary tangles (aggregates of tau), but the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are still partially unclear. RECENT ADVANCES A growing body of evidence supports mitochondrial dysfunction as a prominent and early, chronic oxidative stress-associated event that contributes to synaptic abnormalities and, ultimately, selective neuronal degeneration in AD. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we discuss on the one hand whether mitochondrial decline observed in brain aging is a determinant event in the onset of AD and on the other hand the close interrelationship of this organelle with Aβ and tau in the pathogenic process underlying AD. Moreover, we summarize evidence from aging and Alzheimer models showing that the harmful trio "aging, Aβ, and tau protein" triggers mitochondrial dysfunction through a number of pathways, such as impairment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), elevation of reactive oxygen species production, and interaction with mitochondrial proteins, contributing to the development and progression of the disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The aging process may weaken the mitochondrial OXPHOS system in a more general way over many years providing a basis for the specific and destructive effects of Aβ and tau. Establishing strategies involving efforts to protect cells at the mitochondrial level by stabilizing or restoring mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis appears to be challenging, but very promising route on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schmitt
- Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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37
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Cristòfol R, Porquet D, Corpas R, Coto-Montes A, Serret J, Camins A, Pallàs M, Sanfeliu C. Neurons from senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice are protected against frailty by the sirtuin 1 promoting agents melatonin and resveratrol. J Pineal Res 2012; 52:271-81. [PMID: 22085194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse strain shows early cognitive loss that mimics the deterioration of learning and memory in the elderly and is widely used as an animal model of aging. SAMP8 mouse brain suffers oxidative stress, as well as tau- and amyloid-related pathology. Mitochondrial dysfunction and the subsequent increase in cellular oxidative stress are central to the aging processes of the organism. Here, we examined the mitochondrial status of neocortical neurons cultured from SAMP8 and senescence-accelerated-resistant (SAMR1) mice. SAMP8 mouse mitochondria showed a reduced membrane potential and higher vulnerability to inhibitors and uncouplers than SAMR1 mitochondria. DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) caused greater oxidative damage in neurons from SAMP8 mice than in those from SAMR1 mice. This increased vulnerability, indicative of frailty-associated senescence, was protected by the anti-aging agents melatonin and resveratrol. The sirtuin 1 inhibitor, sirtinol, demonstrated that the neuroprotection against BSO was partially mediated by increased sirtuin 1 expression. Melatonin, like resveratrol, enhanced sirtuin 1 expression in neuron cultures of SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice. Therefore, a deficiency in the neuroprotection and longevity of the sirtuin 1 pathway in SAMP8 neurons may contribute to the early age-related brain damage in these mice. This supports the therapeutic use of sirtuin 1-enhancing agents against age-related nerve cell dysfunction and brain frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cristòfol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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López-Ramos JC, Jurado-Parras MT, Sanfeliu C, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Delgado-García JM. Learning capabilities and CA1-prefrontal synaptic plasticity in a mice model of accelerated senescence. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:627.e13-26. [PMID: 21664007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SAMP8 mice represent a suitable model of accelerated senescence as compared with SAMR1 animals presenting normal aging. Five-month-old SAMP8 mice presented reflex eyelid responses like those of SAMR1 controls, but were incapable of acquiring classically-conditioned eye blink responses in a trace (230 milliseconds [ms] of interstimulus interval) paradigm. Although SAMP8 mice presented a normal paired-pulse facilitation of the hippocampal CA1-medial prefrontal synapse, an input/output curve study revealed smaller field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in response to strong stimulations of the CA1-prefrontal pathway. Moreover, SAMP8 mice did not show any activity-dependent potentiation of the CA1-prefrontal synapse across the successive conditioning sessions shown by SAMR1 animals. In addition, SAMP8 mice presented a functional deficit during an object recognition test, continuing to explore the familiar object when controls moved to the novel one. Alert behaving SAMP8 mice presented a significant deficit in long-term potentiation (LTP) at the CA1-medial prefrontal synapse. According to the present results, SAMP8 mice present noticeable functional deficits in hippocampal and prefrontal cortical circuits directly related with the acquisition and storage of new motor and cognitive abilities.
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Gang B, Yue C, Han N, Xue H, Li B, Sun L, Li X, Zhao Q. Limited hippocampal neurogenesis in SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2011; 1389:183-93. [PMID: 21439270 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation (HF) has been proposed as a potential foundation for neuronal repair in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the evidence remains controversial. We used P8 strain of senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8) as a model of AD to investigate changes in adult neurogenesis. We examined new proliferating cells and their survival in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the HF using 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and investigated newborn cell development and differentiation with a combination of phenotype markers. In 5-month-old SAMP8, the number of BrdU(+) cells in the DG was significantly increased relative to controls, in accordance with the rising numbers of doublecortin-positive (DCX(+)) immature neurons. Some of these BrdU(+) cells migrated to cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), possibly related to the compensation of neuronal loss. However, the capacity of neurogenesis to compensate neuronal loss during neurodegeneration was limited. First, only half of the BrdU(+) cells survived 4weeks after mitosis, and even fewer developed into neuron-specific nuclear protein positive (NeuN(+)) mature neurons. Second, the number of BrdU(+) cells and DCX(+) cells was decreased in 10-month-old SAMP8, which exhibited progressive neurodegeneration. In addition, the results provided insight into astrocytes as a crucial component of the neurogenic niche. The number of newborn astrocytes and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were diminished in the DG of SAMP8 animals, possibly explaining the insufficient neurogenesis. Thus, stimulating limited neurogenesis in AD by improving the neurogenic niche may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhi Gang
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, 23rd Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 15001, China
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40
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García-Macia M, Vega-Naredo I, De Gonzalo-Calvo D, Rodríguez-González SM, Camello PJ, Camello-Almaraz C, Martín-Cano FE, Rodríguez-Colunga MJ, Pozo MJ, Coto-Montes AM. Melatonin induces neural SOD2 expression independent of the NF-kappaB pathway and improves the mitochondrial population and function in old mice. J Pineal Res 2011; 50:54-63. [PMID: 21062349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is commonly defined as a physiological phenomenon associated with morphological and functional deleterious changes in which oxidative stress has a fundamental impact; therefore, readjusting the oxidative balance should have beneficial effects. In our study, we tested the antioxidant melatonin in old mouse brains and showed positive effects at the cellular and mitochondrial levels. Melatonin attenuated β-amyloid protein expression and α-synuclein deposits in the brain compared to aged group. Furthermore, oxidative stress was increased by aging and induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which was suppressed by melatonin treatment. The antioxidant mitochondrial expression, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), was increased in both control and melatonin-treated old mice, despite the different activation states of the NF-κB pathway. The NF-κB pathway was activated in the old mice, which may be explained by this group's response to the increased oxidative insult; this insult was inhibited in melatonin-treated animals, showing this group an increase in active mitochondria population that was not observed in old group. We also report that melatonin is capable of restoring the mitochondrial potential of age-damaged neurons. In conclusion, melatonin's beneficial effects on brain aging are linked to the increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and SOD2 expression, which probably reduces the mitochondrial contribution to the oxidative stress imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina García-Macia
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Medicine Faculty, Oviedo University, Oviedo, Spain
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41
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Autophagy upregulation and loss of NF-κB in oxidative stress-related immunodeficient SAMP8 mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:722-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Wu B, Ueno M, Onodera M, Kusaka T, Huang CL, Hosomi N, Kanenishi K, Sakamoto H. RAGE, LDL receptor, and LRP1 expression in the brains of SAMP8. Neurosci Lett 2009; 461:100-5. [PMID: 19539695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SAMP8, senescence-accelerated mice with age-related deficits in memory and learning, are known to show age-related increases of amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression and to be under elevated oxidative stress. The receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) is a representative influx transporter of APP or amyloid-beta (A beta) protein in cerebral vessels, while low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and LDL-related protein 1 (LRP1) are efflux transporters. These receptors play roles not only in clearance of A beta protein but also in control of oxidative stress. In this study, we examined the gene and protein expressions of these receptors, by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemical techniques. SAMR1 mice with lower expression of APP were as controls. The gene and protein expressions of RAGE were lower in SAMP8 brains than in SAMR1. Those of LDLR were higher in SAMP8 brains than those of SAMR1. There were no differences in the expressions of LRP1 between SAMP8 and SAMR1. Immunosignals of RAGE and LDLR were seen in the cytoplasm of CD34-positive endothelial cells and also in astrocytes, in both strains of mice. These findings suggest that the lower expression of RAGE and the higher expression of LDLR may contribute to clearance of toxic substances and, in addition, be related to elevated oxidative stress in SAMP8 brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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44
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Kunstmann B, Osiewacz HD. The S-adenosylmethionine dependent O-methyltransferase PaMTH1: a longevity assurance factor protecting Podospora anserina against oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2009; 1:328-34. [PMID: 20157520 PMCID: PMC2806012 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PaMTH1 is an O-methyltransferase catalysing the methylation of vicinal hydroxyl groups of polyphenols. The protein accumulates during ageing of Podospora anserina in both the cytosol and in the mitochondrial matrix. The construction and characterisation of a PaMth1 deletion strain provided additional evidence about the function of the protein in the protection against metal induced oxidative stress. Deletion of PaMth1 was found to lead to a decreased resistance against exogenous oxidative stress and to a shortened lifespan suggesting a role of PaMTH1 as a longevity assurance factor in a new molecular pathway involved in lifespan control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kunstmann
- Department of Biological Sciences & Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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45
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Neurochemistry, neuropathology, and heredity in SAMP8: a mouse model of senescence. Neurochem Res 2009; 34:660-9. [PMID: 19247832 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-9923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The SAMP8 strain spontaneously develops learning and memory deficits with characteristics of aging, and is a good model for studying the mechanism of cognitive dysfunction with age. Oxidative stress occurs systemically in SAMP8 from early on in life and increases with aging. Neuropathological changes such as the deposition of A beta, hyperphosphorylation of tau, impaired development of dendritic spines, and sponge formation, and neurochemical changes were found in the SAMP8 brain. These changes may be partially mediated by oxidative stress. Oxidative damage is a major factor in neurodegenerative disorders and aging. A decline in the respiratory control ratio suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction was found in the brain of SAMP8. The rise in oxidative stress following mitochondrial dysfunction may trigger neuropathological and neurochemical changes, disrupting the development of neural networks in the brain in SAMP8.
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Takeda T. Senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) with special references to neurodegeneration models, SAMP8 and SAMP10 mice. Neurochem Res 2009; 34:639-59. [PMID: 19199030 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-9922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The SAM strains, a group of related inbred strains consisting of senescence-prone inbred strains (SAMP) and senescence-resistant inbred strains (SAMR), have been successfully developed by selective inbreeding of the AKR/J strain of mice donated by the Jackson laboratory in 1968. The characteristic feature of aging common to the SAMP and SAMR is accelerated senescence and normal aging, respectively. Furthermore, SAMP and SAMR strains of mice manifest various pathobiological phenotypes spontaneously. Among SAMP strains, SAMP8 and SAMP10 mice show age-related behavioral deterioration such as deficits in learning and memory, emotional disorders (reduced anxiety-like behavior and depressive behavior) and altered circadian rhythm associated with certain pathological, biochemical and pharmacological changes. Here, the previous and recent literature on SAM mice are reviewed with an emphasis on SAMP8 and SAMP10 mice. A spontaneous model like SAM with distinct advantages over the gene-modified model is hoped by investigators to be used more widely as a biogerontological resource to explore the etiopathogenesis of accelerated senescence and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Takeda
- The Council for SAM Research, 24 Nishi-ohtake-cho Mibu, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8856, Japan.
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Caballero B, Vega-Naredo I, Sierra V, Huidobro-Fernández C, Soria-Valles C, De Gonzalo-Calvo D, Tolivia D, Pallás M, Camins A, Rodríguez-Colunga MJ, Coto-Montes A. Melatonin alters cell death processes in response to age-related oxidative stress in the brain of senescence-accelerated mice. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:106-14. [PMID: 19090913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of age and melatonin on cell death processes in brain aging. Senescence-accelerated prone mice 8 (SAMP8) and senescence-accelerated resistant mice (SAMR1) at 5 and 10 months of age were used as models of the study. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) or its vehicle (ethanol at 0.066%) was administered in the drinking water from 1 to 9 months of age. Neurodegeneration, previously shown in the aged brain of SAMP8 and SAMR1 at 10 months of age, may be due to a drop in age-related proteolytic activities (cathepsin D, calpains, and caspase-3). Likewise, lack of apoptotic and macroautophagic processes were found, without apparent modification by melatonin. However, the caspase-independent cell death, owing to high p53 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) levels, might be an alternative pathway of cell death in the aged brain. The main effects of melatonin treatment were observed in the aged SAMR1 mice; in this strain we observed a marked increase in antioxidant activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase). Likewise, a key antioxidant role of apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2 and AIF, was suggested in the aged brain of SAM mice, which was clearly influenced by melatonin. Moreover, the age-related increase of lysosomal activity of cathepsin B and a lysosomal membrane-associated protein 2 supports the possibility of the maintenance of lysosomal viability in addition to age-related impairments of the proteolytic or macroautophagic activities. The effectiveness of melatonin against the oxidative stress-related impairments and apoptosis during the aging process is, once more, corroborated in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Caballero
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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48
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Zhao H, Li Q, Zhang Z, Pei X, Wang J, Li Y. Long-term ginsenoside consumption prevents memory loss in aged SAMP8 mice by decreasing oxidative stress and up-regulating the plasticity-related proteins in hippocampus. Brain Res 2008; 1256:111-22. [PMID: 19133247 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside, the effective component of ginseng, has been reported to have a neuron protective effect, but the preventive effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD) related memory loss and the underlying mechanisms have not been well determined. The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) is a useful model of AD-related memory impairment. In the present study, SAMP8 mice aged 4 months were chronically treated with ginsenoside (3 dose groups were given ginsenoside in drinking water for 7 months). The three groups were treated with ginsenoside 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg per day, respectively. Placebo-treated aged mice and young ones (4 months old) were used as controls. In addition, SAMR1 mice were used as "normal aging" control. The beneficial role of ginsenoside was manifested in the prevention of memory loss in aged SAMP8 mice. The optimal dose of ginsenoside is 100 or 200 mg/kg per day. In ginsenoside treated groups, the Abeta level markedly decreased in hippocampus and antioxidase level significantly increased in serum. In addition, the plasticity-related proteins in hippocampus significantly increased in the two ginsenoside treated groups. The plasticity-related proteins were checked in the present study including postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), phosphor-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (p-NMDAR1), phospho-calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II (p-CaMKII), phospho-protein kinase A Catalyticbeta subunit (p-PKA Cbeta) and protein kinase Cgamma subunit (PKCgamma), phospho-CREB (p-CREB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. These findings suggest that the increase of antioxidation and up-regulation of plasticity-related proteins in hippocampus may be one of the mechanisms of ginsenoside on the memory loss prevention in aged SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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49
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Hofer T, Fontana L, Anton SD, Weiss EP, Villareal D, Malayappan B, Leeuwenburgh C. Long-term effects of caloric restriction or exercise on DNA and RNA oxidation levels in white blood cells and urine in humans. Rejuvenation Res 2008; 11:793-9. [PMID: 18729811 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2008.0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive adiposity is associated with increased oxidative stress and accelerated aging. Weight loss induced by negative energy balance reduces markers of oxidation in experimental animals and humans. The long-term effects of weight loss induced by calorie restriction or increased energy expenditure induced by exercise on measures of oxidative stress and damage have not been studied in humans. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of 20% caloric restriction or 20% exercise alone over 1 year on oxidative damage to DNA and RNA, as assessed through white blood cell and urine analyses. Eighteen men and women aged 50 to 60 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 23.5 to 29.9 kg/m(2) were assigned to one of two conditions--20% CR (n = 9) or 20% EX (n = 9)--which was designed to produce an identical energy deficit through increased energy expenditure. Compared to baseline, both interventions significantly reduced oxidative damage to both DNA (48.5% and 49.6% reduction for the CR and EX groups, respectively) and RNA (35.7% and 52.1% reduction for the CR and EX groups, respectively) measured in white blood cells. However, urinary levels of DNA and RNA oxidation products did not differ from baseline values following either 12-month intervention program. Data from the present study provide evidence that negative energy balances induced through either CR or EX result in substantial and similar improvements in markers of DNA and RNA damage to white blood cells, potentially by reducing systemic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hofer
- Department of Aging and Geriatrics, Division of Clinical Research, and Genomics and Biomarkers Core of The Institute on Aging, University of Florida, 210 East Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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50
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Gutierrez-Cuesta J, Tajes M, Jiménez A, Coto-Montes A, Camins A, Pallàs M. Evaluation of potential pro-survival pathways regulated by melatonin in a murine senescence model. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:497-505. [PMID: 18705649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of melatonin on pro-survival processes in three groups of mice. Untreated senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8), melatonin-treated SAMP8 and untreated senescence-accelerated resistant mice (SAMR1) of 10 months old were studied. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (ethanol at 0.066%) was supplied in the drinking water from the end of the first month until the end of the ninth month of life. Differences in the Akt/Erk1-2 pathway and downstream targets were examined and no significant changes were observed, except for beta-catenin. However, sirtuin 1 expression was significantly lower in SAMP8 than in SAMR1. In addition, acetylated p53 and NFkappaB expression were lower in SAMP8 than in SAMR1. These changes were prevented by melatonin. Moreover, the concentration/expression of alpha-secretase was lower and that of amyloid beta aggregates (Abeta) was higher in untreated SAMP8 than in SAMR1. Likewise, the levels of Bid were higher, whereas Bcl-2(XL) levels were lower in SAMP8 than in SAMR1. Melatonin reduced all these changes. We conclude that melatonin improves pro-survival signals and reduces pro-death signals in age-related impairments of neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gutierrez-Cuesta
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain
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