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Gujjarlapudi M, Kotarya B, Mohanraj SS, Gupta D, Prasad ER, Kalle AM, Jaba J, Ponnusamy D, Padmasree K. Development of a rapid process for purification of Bowman-Birk and Kunitz inhibitors from legume seeds, and evaluation of their biophysical, insecticidal, and antimicrobial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124050. [PMID: 36933601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI ~10 kDa) and Kunitz inhibitor (KI ~20 kDa) are serine protease/proteinase inhibitor(s) [PI(s)] ubiquitously found in several Leguminous plant species with insecticidal and therapeutic properties. Due to narrow molecular mass differences, the separation of these inhibitors from a single seed variety is tedious. The present study is aimed to develop a rapid protocol (<24 h) for purifying BBI and KI from legume seeds using mild trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extraction followed by trypsin-affinity chromatography. The mature seeds of Vigna radiata and Cajanus platycarpus are used as a model to purify BBI and KI using this protocol. The BBI and KI purified from the seeds of V. radiata are labeled as VrBBI & VrKI, and C. platycarpus are labeled as CpBBI & CpKI, respectively. These PIs are confirmed by immunodetection and MALDI-TOF studies and further characterized for their structural (CD & fluorescence spectroscopy) and functional properties (temperature & DTT stability). BBI(s) purified using the above process are effective in the management of castor semi-looper 'Achaea janata', while KI(s) are effective in the management of pod borer 'Helicoverpa armigera'. Besides, both BBI(s) and KI(s) have significant potential in controlling the growth of methicillin-sensitive 'Staphylococcus aureus', a gram-positive pathogenic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyamma Gujjarlapudi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Bharti Kotarya
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | | | - Deepali Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Elaprolu R Prasad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Jagdish Jaba
- Entomology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad 502 324, India
| | - Duraimurugan Ponnusamy
- Crop Protection Section, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad 500 030, India
| | - Kollipara Padmasree
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
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Production of a biopesticide on host and Non-Host serine protease inhibitors for red palm weevil in palm trees. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2803-2808. [PMID: 32994740 PMCID: PMC7499379 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases are essential metabolic enzymes in the midgut of many pests, including the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, which has a significant impact economically, environmentally and socially worldwide especially in the middle east. Some methods have been used to manage this pest such as trapping of RPW with pheromones, chemicals, and X-rays. However, these methods are costly, not effective and negatively impact the human. The main objective of this study is to contribute to the discovery of an eco-friendly pesticide to eradicate this infection by using serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) extracted from different parts of plant resources. In this research, both in vitro and in vivo effects of SPIs activity against RPW were examined. The protease inhibitors (PIs) activity was recorded in the crude extract that was isolated from the date’s kernel (DKE), host and Calotropis latex (CLE), non-host. These PIs were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The midgut tissue of RPW was extracted and analyzed for protases activity assay. PIs assays were consistent with the increased in the inhibitory activity against the midgut proteases after treatment with a DKE and CLE. The reduction of gut proteases by DKE solution and CLE was 39%, 18%, respectively. Partially purified DKE showed the most prominent inhibition pattern of protease activity of the gut extract. While, latex exhibited acute toxicity, imparting the least LC50 (5.132 mg/mL) against RPW larvae. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the hypothesis that SPIs activity may play an important role in enhancing the mortality of RPW and relieving the toxicity of insecticide in palm trees.
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Cotabarren J, Lufrano D, Parisi MG, Obregón WD. Biotechnological, biomedical, and agronomical applications of plant protease inhibitors with high stability: A systematic review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110398. [PMID: 32005400 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) are regulatory proteins found in numerous animal tissues and fluids, plants, and microorganisms that reduce and inhibit the exacerbated and uncontrolled activity of the target proteases. Specific PIs are also effective tools for inactivating proteases involved in human diseases like arthritis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, cancer, AIDS, thrombosis, emphysema, hypertension, and muscular dystrophy among others. Plant PIs-small peptides with a high content of cystine residues in disulfide bridges-possess a remarkable resistance to heat treatment and a high stability against shifts in pH, denaturing agents, ionic strength, and proteolysis. In recent years, novel biologic activities have been reported for plant PIs, including antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antioxidant action plus inhibition of tumor-cell growth; thus pointing to possible applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. In this review, we provide a comparative overview of plant-PIs classifying them in four groups according of their thermal and pH stability (high stability and hyperstable -to temperature and to pHs-, respectively), then emphasizing the relevance of the physicochemical characteristics of these proteins for potential biotechnological and industrial applications. Finally, we analyze the biologic activities of the stable protease inhibitors previously characterized that are the most relevant to potential applications in biomedicine, the food industry, and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cotabarren
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe-CICPBA-UNLP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Lufrano
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe-CICPBA-UNLP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Graciela Parisi
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Walter David Obregón
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe-CICPBA-UNLP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina.
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Nabi M, Bhat A, Abeer Rasool SU, Ashraf S, Maqbool R, Ahmad Ganie S, Amin S. Physio-chemical Characterization and Anti-microbial Activity of Serine Protease Inhibitors Purified from the Sophora japonica Seeds. Pak J Biol Sci 2018; 21:432-440. [PMID: 30724044 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.432.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Protease inhibitors (PIs) regulate various cellular processes like cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis and immune responses. Leguminous seeds are rich sources of protease inhibitors and many novel protease inhibitors have been purified from them. To isolate and purify protease inhibitors from seeds of Sophora japonica, characterize and investigate their anti- microbial activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protease inhibitors (SJ-pi I and SJ-pi II) were purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Ion exchange chromatography and column chromatography. The molecular mass was estimated by size exclusion chromatography and by SDS-PAGE and anti- microbial activity was tested by agar disk diffusion method. RESULTS Two protease inhibitors were isolated and purified from Sophora japonica seeds, SJ-pi I and SJ-pi II, with molecular weight of 15.1 and 31 kDa, respectively. Both purified inhibitors were active over a range of pH (6.0-9.0) and showed maximum activity in the temperature range of 30-40°C. They inhibited the growth of three Gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSION Protease inhibitors were classified as serine protease inhibitors, however further necessary structural investigations need to be carried out so as to group them into specific class of serine protease inhibitors.
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Velasques J, Cardoso MH, Abrantes G, Frihling BE, Franco OL, Migliolo L. The rescue of botanical insecticides: A bioinspiration for new niches and needs. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 143:14-25. [PMID: 29183583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop protection is the basis of plant production and food security. Additionally, there are many efforts focused on increasing defensive mechanisms in order to avoid the damaging effects of insects, which still represent significant losses worldwide. Plants have naturally evolved different mechanisms to discourage herbivory, including chemical barriers such as the induction of defensive proteins and secondary metabolites, some of which have a historical link with bio-farming practices and others that are yet to be used. In the context of global concern regarding health and environmental impacts, which has been translated into political action and restrictions on the use of synthetic pesticides, this review deals with a description of some historical commercial phytochemicals and promising proteinaceous compounds that plants may modulate to defeat insect attacks. We present a broader outlook on molecular structure and mechanisms of action while we discuss possible tools to achieve effective methods for the biological control of pests, either by the formulation of products or by the development of new plant varieties with enhanced chemical defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannaina Velasques
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Abrantes
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Breno Emanuel Frihling
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Bhattacharyya A, Babu C. Caesalpinia bonduc serine proteinase inhibitor CbTI–2: Exploring the conformational features and antimalarial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:294-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Purification and Quantification of Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor in Soybean Using Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kumar R, Bhardwaj U, Kumar P, Mazumdar-Leighton S. Midgut serine proteases and alternative host plant utilization in Pieris brassicae L. Front Physiol 2015; 6:95. [PMID: 25873901 PMCID: PMC4379908 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pieris brassicae L. is a serious pest of cultivated crucifers in several parts of the world. Larvae of P. brassicae also feed prolifically on garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L., of the family Tropaeolaceae). Proteolytic digestion was studied in larvae feeding on multiple hosts. Fourth instars were collected from cauliflower fields before transfer onto detached, aerial tissues of selected host plants in the lab. Variable levels of midgut proteases were detected in larvae fed on different hosts using protein substrates (casein and recombinant RBCL cloned from cauliflower) and diagnostic, synthetic substrates. Qualitative changes in midgut trypsin activities and quantitative changes in midgut chymotrypsin activities were implicated in physiological adaptation of larvae transferred to T. majus. Midgut proteolytic activities were inhibited to different extents by serine protease inhibitors, including putative trypsin inhibitors isolated from herbivore-attacked and herbivore-free leaves of cauliflower (CfTI) and T. majus (TpTI). Transfer of larvae to T. majus significantly influenced feeding parameters but not necessarily when transferred to different tissues of the same host. Results obtained are relevant for devising sustainable pest management strategies, including transgenic approaches using genes encoding plant protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Insect-Plant Interactions Group, Department of Botany, Delhi University Delhi, India
| | - Usha Bhardwaj
- Insect-Plant Interactions Group, Department of Botany, Delhi University Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Insect-Plant Interactions Group, Department of Botany, Delhi University Delhi, India
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Rech SS, Heidt S, Requena N. A tandem Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI106)-serine carboxypeptidase (SCP1) controls mycorrhiza establishment and arbuscule development in Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 75:711-25. [PMID: 23662629 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant proteases and protease inhibitors are involved in plant developmental processes including those involving interactions with microbes. Here we show that a tandem between a Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI106) and a serine carboxypeptidase (SCP1) controls arbuscular mycorrhiza development in the root cortex of Medicago truncatula. Both proteins are only induced during mycorrhiza formation and belong to large families whose members are also mycorrhiza-specific. Furthermore, the interaction between KPI106 and SCP1 analysed using the yeast two-hybrid system is specific, indicating that each family member might have a defined counterpart. In silico docking analysis predicted a putative P1 residue in KPI106 (Lys173) that fits into the catalytic pocket of SCP1, suggesting that KPI106 might inhibit the enzyme activity by mimicking the protease substrate. In vitro mutagenesis of the Lys173 showed that this residue is important in determining the strength and specificity of the interaction. The RNA interference (RNAi) inactivation of the serine carboxypeptidase SCP1 produces aberrant mycorrhizal development with an increased number of septated hyphae and degenerate arbuscules, a phenotype also observed when overexpressing KPI106. Protease and inhibitor are both secreted as observed when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells. Taken together we envisage a model in which the protease SCP1 is secreted in the apoplast where it produces a peptide signal critical for proper fungal development within the root. KPI106 also at the apoplast would modulate the spatial and/or temporal activity of SCP1 by competing with the protease substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie S Rech
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany
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Udamale SK, Moharil MP, Ugale TB, Mankar JM. Differential Inhibition of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Gut Proteinases by Proteinase Inhibitors of Okra and It's Wild Relatives. ISRN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 2013:632173. [PMID: 25937977 PMCID: PMC4393048 DOI: 10.5402/2013/632173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The seeds of ten genotypes and twenty-nine wild relatives of okra were analysed for the presence of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Helicoverpa gut proteinases (HGPs) inhibitors (HGPIs), with the aim to identify potent inhibitors of H. armigera gut proteinases. Proteinase inhibitors (PIs) obtained from wild relatives of okra exhibited stronger inhibition of HGPs than the genotypes of okra. In in vitro inhibitory assay against HGPs, A. tuberculatus 90396 and 90515 showed high tryptic inhibitory (71.8% and 69.2%), chymotryptic inhibitory (68.5% and 66.2%), and Helicoverpa gut proteinase activity (70.2% and 68.2%). In electrophoretic profile showed the same variation in the number of trypsin inhibitors (TIs), chymotrypsin Inhibitors (CIs), and HGPIs
isoforms with different intensities, whereas genotypes of okra mostly showed monomorphic profile. Maximum eight HGPIs isoforms were found in A. tuberculatus (90396 and 90515). In bioassay studies, significant reduction in weight of H. armigera larvae was found, when larvae fed on PIs obtained from A. tuberculatus (90396 and 90515). Thus, the result of the present investigation indicates that further exploration of PIs obtained from A. tuberculatus (90396 and 90515) will be helpful for developing PIs-based insect resistance management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa K Udamale
- Biotechnology Centre, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University, Akola, Maharashtra, India
| | - M P Moharil
- Biotechnology Centre, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University, Akola, Maharashtra, India
| | - T B Ugale
- Biotechnology Centre, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University, Akola, Maharashtra, India
| | - J M Mankar
- Biotechnology Centre, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University, Akola, Maharashtra, India
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Rufino FPS, Pedroso VMA, Araujo JN, França AFJ, Rabêlo LMA, Migliolo L, Kiyota S, Santos EA, Franco OL, Oliveira AS. Inhibitory effects of a Kunitz-type inhibitor from Pithecellobium dumosum (Benth) seeds against insect-pests' digestive proteinases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 63:70-6. [PMID: 23238511 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pithecellobium dumosum is a tree belonging to the Mimosoideae subfamily that presents various previously characterized Kunitz-type inhibitors. The present study provides a novel Kunitz-trypsin inhibitor isoform purified from P. dumosum seeds. Purification procedure was performed by TCA precipitation followed by a trypsin-Sepharose chromatography and a further reversed-phase HPLC. Purified inhibitor (PdKI-4) showed enhanced inhibitory activity against bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin. Furthermore, PdKI-4 showed remarkable inhibitory activity against serine proteases from the coleopterans Callosobruchus maculatus and Zabrotes subfasciatus, and the lepidopterans Alabama argillacea and Telchin licus. However, PdKI-4 was unable to inhibit porcine pancreatic elastase, pineapple bromelain and Carica papaya papain. SDS-PAGE showed that PdKI-4 consisted of a single polypeptide chain with molecular mass of 21 kDa. Kinetic studies demonstrated that PdKI-4 is probably a competitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 5.7 × 10(-10) M for bovine trypsin. PdKI-4 also showed higher stability over a wide range of temperature (37-100 °C) and pH (2-12). N-termini sequence was obtained by Edman degradation showing higher identity with other Mimosoideae subfamily Kunitz-type inhibitor members. In summary, data here reported indicate the biotechnological potential of PdKI-4 for development of products against insect-pests.
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Oliva MLV, Silva MC, Sallai RC, Brito MV, Sampaio MU. A novel subclassification for Kunitz proteinase inhibitors from leguminous seeds. Biochimie 2010; 92:1667-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lim JI, Lim KJ, Na YC, Lee YK. Simple polyacrylamide affinity gel electrophoresis using oleic acid for the isolation of chymotrypsin inhibitor. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 110:276-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wati RK, Theppakorn T, Benjakul S, Rawdkuen S. Trypsin Inhibitor from 3 Legume Seeds: Fractionation and Proteolytic Inhibition Study. J Food Sci 2010; 75:C223-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bhattacharyya A, Babu CR. Purification and biochemical characterization of a serine proteinase inhibitor from Derris trifoliata Lour. seeds: insight into structural and antimalarial features. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:703-712. [PMID: 19409579 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A potent serine proteinase inhibitor was isolated and characterized from the seeds of the tropical legume liana, Derris trifoliata (DtTCI) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE as well as MALDI-TOF analysis showed that DtTCI is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of approximately 20 kDa. DtTCI has three isoinhibitors (pI: 4.55, 5.34 and 5.72) and, inhibited both trypsin and chymotrypsin in a 1:1 molar ratio. Both Dixon plots and Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plots revealed a competitive inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin activity, with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 1.7x10(-10) and 1.25x10(-10) M, respectively. N-terminal sequence of DtTCI showed over 50% similarity with numerous Kunitz-type inhibitors of the Papilionoideae subfamily. High pH amplitude and broad temperature optima were noted for DtTCI, and time course experiments indicated a gradual loss in inhibitory potency on treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT). Circular Dichroism (CD) spectrum of native DtTCI revealed an unordered structure whereas exposure to thermal-pH extremes, DTT and guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn HCl) suggested that an abundance of beta-sheets along with intramolecular disulfide bonds provide conformational stability to the active site of DtTCI, and that severity of denaturants cause structural modifications promoting inhibitory inactivity. Antimalarial studies of DtTCI indicate it to be a potent antiparasitic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems, School of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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