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Mane V, Mehta R, Alvarez N, Sharma V, Park S, Fox A, DeCarlo C, Yang X, Perlin DS, Powell RLR. In vivo antiviral efficacy of LCTG-002, a pooled, purified human milk secretory IgA product, against SARS-CoV-2 in a murine model of COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2303226. [PMID: 38251677 PMCID: PMC10807469 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2303226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody (Ab) in human mucosae, with secretory form (sIgA) being dominant and uniquely stable. sIgA is challenging to produce recombinantly but is naturally found in human milk, which could be considered a global resource for this biologic, justifying its development as a mucosal therapeutic. Presently, SARS-CoV-2 was utilized as a model mucosal pathogen, and methods were developed to efficiently extract human milk sIgA from donors who were naïve to SARS-CoV-2 or had recovered from infection that elicited high-titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike sIgA in their milk (pooled to make LCTG-002). Mass spectrometry determined that proteins with a relative abundance of 1% or greater were all associated with sIgA. Western blot demonstrated that all batches consisted predominantly of sIgA. Compared to control IgA, LCTG-002 demonstrated significantly higher Spike binding (mean endpoint of 0.87 versus 5.87). LCTG-002 was capable of blocking the Spike receptor-binding domain - angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction with significantly greater potency compared to control (mean LCTG-002 IC50 154ug/mL versus 50% inhibition not achieved for control), and exhibited significant neutralization activity against Spike-pseudotyped virus infection (mean LCTG-002 IC50 49.8ug/mL versus 114.5ug/mL for control). LCTG-002 was tested for its capacity to reduce viral lung burden in K18+hACE2 transgenic mice inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. LCTG-002 significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 titers compared to control when administered at 0.25 mg/day or 1 mg/day, with a maximum TCID50 reduction of 4.9 logs. This innovative study demonstrates that LCTG-002 is highly pure and efficacious in vivo, supporting further development of milk-derived, polyclonal sIgA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Mane
- Lactiga US, Inc. 675 US-1, North Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rikin Mehta
- Lactiga US, Inc. 675 US-1, North Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nadine Alvarez
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Vijeta Sharma
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Park
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Alisa Fox
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire DeCarlo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Rebecca L. R. Powell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
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Keating SM, Higgins BW. New technologies in therapeutic antibody development: The next frontier for treating infectious diseases. Antiviral Res 2024; 227:105902. [PMID: 38734210 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity to viral infections requires time to neutralize and clear viruses to resolve infection. Fast growing and pathogenic viruses are quickly established, are highly transmissible and cause significant disease burden making it difficult to mount effective responses, thereby prolonging infection. Antibody-based passive immunotherapies can provide initial protection during acute infection, assist in mounting an adaptive immune response, or provide protection for those who are immune suppressed or immune deficient. Historically, plasma-derived antibodies have demonstrated some success in treating diseases caused by viral pathogens; nonetheless, limitations in access to product and antibody titer reduce success of this treatment modality. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have proven an effective alternative, as it is possible to manufacture highly potent and specific mAbs against viral targets on an industrial scale. As a result, innovative technologies to discover, engineer and manufacture specific and potent antibodies have become an essential part of the first line of treatment in pathogenic viral infections. However, a mAb targeting a specific epitope will allow escape variants to outgrow, causing new variant strains to become dominant and resistant to treatment with that mAb. Methods to mitigate escape have included combining mAbs into cocktails, creating bi-specific or antibody drug conjugates but these strategies have also been challenged by the potential development of escape mutations. New technologies in developing antibodies made as recombinant polyclonal drugs can integrate the strength of poly-specific antibody responses to prevent mutational escape, while also incorporating antibody engineering to prevent antibody dependent enhancement and direct adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Keating
- GigaGen, Inc. (A Grifols Company), 75 Shoreway Road, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA.
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Chin-Fatt A, Saberianfar R, Menassa R. A Rationally Designed Bovine IgA Fc Scaffold Enhances in planta Accumulation of a V HH-Fc Fusion Without Compromising Binding to Enterohemorrhagic E. coli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:651262. [PMID: 33936135 PMCID: PMC8079772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We previously isolated a single domain antibody (VHH) that binds Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) with the end-goal being the enteromucosal passive immunization of cattle herds. To improve the yield of a chimeric fusion of the VHH with an IgA Fc, we employed two rational design strategies, supercharging and introducing de novo disulfide bonds, on the bovine IgA Fc component of the chimera. After mutagenizing the Fc, we screened for accumulation levels after transient transformation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We identified and characterized five supercharging and one disulfide mutant, termed '(5 + 1)Fc', that improve accumulation in comparison to the native Fc. Combining all these mutations is associated with a 32-fold increase of accumulation for the Fc alone, from 23.9 mg/kg fresh weight (FW) to 599.5 mg/kg FW, as well as a twenty-fold increase when fused to a VHH that binds EHEC, from 12.5 mg/kg FW tissue to 236.2 mg/kg FW. Co-expression of native or mutated VHH-Fc with bovine joining chain (JC) and bovine secretory component (SC) followed by co-immunoprecipitation suggests that the stabilizing mutations do not interfere with the capacity of VHH-Fc to assemble with JC and FC into a secretory IgA. Both the native and the mutated VHH-Fc similarly neutralized the ability of four of the seven most prevalent EHEC strains (O157:H7, O26:H11, O111:Hnm, O145:Hnm, O45:H2, O121:H19 and O103:H2), to adhere to HEp-2 cells as visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy and quantified by fluorometry. These results collectively suggest that supercharging and disulfide bond tethering on a Fc chain can effectively improve accumulation of a VHH-Fc fusion without impacting VHH functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Chin-Fatt
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Saberianfar
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rima Menassa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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4
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Bhaskara V, Leal MT, Seigner J, Friedrich T, Kreidl E, Gadermaier E, Tesarz M, Rogalli A, Stangl L, Wallwitz J, Hammel K, Rothbauer M, Moll H, Ertl P, Hahn R, Himmler G, Bauer A, Casanova E. Efficient production of recombinant secretory IgA against Clostridium difficile toxins in CHO-K1 cells. J Biotechnol 2021; 331:1-13. [PMID: 33689865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the essential role secretory IgAs play in the defense against pathogenic invasion and the proposed value of recombinant secretory IgAs as novel therapeutics, currently there are no IgA-based therapies in clinics. Secretory IgAs are complex molecules and the major bottleneck limiting their therapeutic potential is a reliable recombinant production system. In this report, we addressed this issue and established a fast and robust production method for secretory IgAs in CHO-K1 cells using BAC-based expression vectors. As a proof of principle, we produced IgAs against Clostridium difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB. Recombinant secretory IgAs produced using our expression system showed comparable titers to IgGs, widely used as therapeutic biologicals. Importantly, secretory IgAs produced using our method were functional and could efficiently neutralize Clostridium difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB. These results show that recombinant secretory IgAs can be efficiently produced, thus opening the possibility to use them as therapeutic agents in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Bhaskara
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria Trinidad Leal
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Seigner
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Friedrich
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Stangl
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Hammel
- Department for Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig Moll
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department for Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anton Bauer
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; The Antibody Lab GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Yeast-secreted, dried and food-admixed monomeric IgA prevents gastrointestinal infection in a piglet model. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:527-530. [PMID: 30936561 PMCID: PMC6544532 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A scalably manufacturable oral antibody technology that can interfere with gastrointestinal (GI) targets is needed. Contrary to the complex native secretory IgA, we achieve this using a single-gene encoded monomeric-IgA-like antibody, composed of camelid VHH fused to IgA Fc (mVHH-IgA). This can be produced in soybean seeds or secreted from Pichia pastoris yeast, freeze-or spray-dried, and when delivered in food prevents enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (F4-ETEC) infection in piglets.
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Nakanishi K, Morikane S, Hosokawa N, Kajihara Y, Kurohane K, Niwa Y, Kobayashi H, Imai Y. Plant-derived secretory component forms secretory IgA with shiga toxin 1-specific dimeric IgA produced by mouse cells and whole plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:161-172. [PMID: 30506369 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A key module, secretory component (SC), was efficiently expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The plant-based SC and immunoglobulin A of animal or plant origin formed secretory IgA that maintains antigen-binding activity. Plant expression systems are suitable for scalable and cost-effective production of biologics. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) will be useful as a therapeutic antibody against mucosal pathogens. SIgA is equipped with a secretory component (SC), which assists the performance of SIgA on the mucosal surface. Here we produced SC using a plant expression system and formed SIgA with dimeric IgAs produced by mouse cells as well as by whole plants. To increase the expression level, an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal peptide, KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu), was added to mouse SC (SC-KDEL). The SC-KDEL cDNA was inserted into a binary vector with a translational enhancer and an efficient terminator. The SC-KDEL transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana produced SC-KDEL at the level of 2.7% of total leaf proteins. In vitro reaction of the plant-derived SC-KDEL with mouse dimeric monoclonal IgAs resulted in the formation of SIgA. When reacted with Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1)-specific ones, the antigen-binding activity was maintained. When an A. thaliana plant expressing SC-KDEL was crossed with one expressing dimeric IgA specific for Stx1, the plant-based SIgA exhibited antigen-binding activity. Leaf extracts of the crossbred transgenic plants neutralized Stx1 cytotoxicity against Stx1-sensitive cells. These results suggest that transgenic plants expressing SC-KDEL will provide a versatile means of SIgA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shota Morikane
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nao Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuka Kajihara
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kohta Kurohane
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasuo Niwa
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Improvement, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Improvement, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Imai
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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7
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Wu Q, Wang X, Nepovimova E, Miron A, Liu Q, Wang Y, Su D, Yang H, Li L, Kuca K. Trichothecenes: immunomodulatory effects, mechanisms, and anti-cancer potential. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3737-3785. [PMID: 29152681 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paradoxically, trichothecenes have both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory effects. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. Early studies show that dose, exposure timing, and the time at which immune function is assessed influence whether trichothecenes act in an immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory fashion. Recent studies suggest that the immunomodulatory function of trichothecenes is also actively shaped by competing cell-survival and death-signaling pathways. Autophagy may also promote trichothecene immunosuppression, although the mechanism may be complicated. Moreover, trichothecenes may generate an "immune evasion" milieu that allows pathogens to escape host and vaccine immune defenses. Some trichothecenes, especially macrocyclic trichothecenes, also potently kill cancer cells. T-2 toxin conjugated with anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies significantly suppresses the growth of thymoma EL-4 cells and colon cancer cells. The type B trichothecene diacetoxyscirpenol specifically inhibits the tumor-promoting factor HIF-1 in cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Trichothecin markedly inhibits the growth of multiple cancer cells with constitutively activated NF-κB. The type D macrocyclic toxin Verrucarin A is also a promising therapeutic candidate for leukemia, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The anti-cancer activities of trichothecenes have not been comprehensively summarized. Here, we first summarize the data on the immunomodulatory effects of trichothecenes and discuss recent studies that shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. These mechanisms include autophagy and major signaling pathways and their crosstalk. Second, the anti-cancer potential of trichothecenes and the underlying mechanisms will be discussed. We hope that this review will show how trichothecene bioactivities can be exploited to generate therapies against pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Romania
| | - Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Dongxiao Su
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Hualin Yang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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8
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Comparing the acidities of aqueous, frozen, and freeze-dried phosphate buffers: Is there a “pH memory” effect? Int J Pharm 2017; 530:316-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Matlschweiger A, Engelmaier H, Himmler G, Hahn R. Secretory immunoglobulin purification from whey by chromatographic techniques. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Virdi V, Juarez P, Boudolf V, Depicker A. Recombinant IgA production for mucosal passive immunization, advancing beyond the hurdles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:535-45. [PMID: 26511868 PMCID: PMC11108522 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a successful strategy to proactively develop immunity to a certain pathogen, but most vaccines fail to trigger a specific immune response at the mucosal surfaces, which are the first port of entry for infectious agents. At the mucosal surfaces, the predominant immunoglobulin is secretory IgA (SIgA) that specifically neutralizes viruses and prevents bacterial colonization. Mucosal passive immunization, i.e. the application of pathogen-specific SIgAs at the mucosae, can be an effective alternative to achieve mucosal protection. However, this approach is not straightforward, mainly because SIgAs are difficult to obtain from convalescent sources, while recombinant SIgA production is challenging due to its complex structure. This review provides an overview of manufacturing difficulties presented by the unique structural diversity of SIgAs, and the innovative solutions being explored for SIgA production in mammalian and plant expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Virdi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Paloma Juarez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Boudolf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Depicker
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Dicker M, Tschofen M, Maresch D, König J, Juarez P, Orzaez D, Altmann F, Steinkellner H, Strasser R. Transient Glyco-Engineering to Produce Recombinant IgA1 with Defined N- and O-Glycans in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:18. [PMID: 26858738 PMCID: PMC4731523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The production of therapeutic antibodies to combat pathogens and treat diseases, such as cancer is of great interest for the biotechnology industry. The recent development of plant-based expression systems has demonstrated that plants are well-suited for the production of recombinant monoclonal antibodies with defined glycosylation. Compared to immunoglobulin G (IgG), less effort has been undertaken to express immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is the most prevalent antibody class at mucosal sites and a promising candidate for novel recombinant biopharmaceuticals with enhanced anti-tumor activity. Here, we transiently expressed recombinant human IgA1 against the VP8* rotavirus antigen in glyco-engineered ΔXT/FT Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Mass spectrometric analysis of IgA1 glycopeptides revealed the presence of complex biantennary N-glycans with terminal N-acetylglucosamine present on the N-glycosylation site of the CH2 domain in the IgA1 alpha chain. Analysis of the peptide carrying nine potential O-glycosylation sites in the IgA1 alpha chain hinge region showed the presence of plant-specific modifications including hydroxyproline formation and the attachment of pentoses. By co-expression of enzymes required for initiation and elongation of human O-glycosylation it was possible to generate disialylated mucin-type core 1 O-glycans on plant-produced IgA1. Our data demonstrate that ΔXT/FT N. benthamiana plants can be engineered toward the production of recombinant IgA1 with defined human-type N- and O-linked glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Dicker
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Marc Tschofen
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Julia König
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Paloma Juarez
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Plant Biology, Spanish Research Council Agency – Polytechnic University of ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Diego Orzaez
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Plant Biology, Spanish Research Council Agency – Polytechnic University of ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Richard Strasser,
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Roessl U, Leitgeb S, Nidetzky B. Protein freeze concentration and micro-segregation analysed in a temperature-controlled freeze container. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 28626703 PMCID: PMC5466265 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Freeze concentration of bovine serum albumin studied in a laboratory freeze container. Protein micro-segregation visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Freezing protocol affected protein freeze concentration. Spatial heterogeneities created by freeze concentration. Micro-segregation was affected by freezing parameters.
To examine effects of varied freezing conditions on the development of spatial heterogeneity in the frozen protein solution, macroscopic freeze concentration and micro-segregation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated in a temperature-controlled 200-ml freeze container. Freezing to −40 °C promoted formation of protein concentration gradients (69–114 μg ml−1) in frozen samples taken from 12 different freezer positions, whereby slow freezing in 4 h or longer facilitated the evolution of strong spatial heterogeneities and caused local concentration increases by 1.15-fold relative to the initial protein concentration (100 μg ml−1). To visualize protein micro-segregation during phase separation, BSA was conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy was used to localize and size the freeze-concentrated protein regions. Slow freezing resulted in distinctly fewer and larger protein domains in the frozen bulk than fast freezing. Surface stress on the protein during freezing would therefore be minimized at low cooling rates; microscopic freeze concentration would however be highest under these conditions, potentially favoring protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Roessl
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Leitgeb
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Tel.: +43 316 873 8400; fax: +43 316 873 8434
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