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Guo E, Zhao L, Li Z, Chen L, Li J, Lu F, Wang F, Lu K, Liu Y. Biodegradation of bisphenol A by a Pichia pastoris whole-cell biocatalyst with overexpression of laccase from Bacillus pumilus and investigation of its potential degradation pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134779. [PMID: 38850935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter with estrogen activity, can infiltrate animal and human bodies through the food chain. Enzymatic degradation of BPA holds promise as an environmentally friendly approach while it is limited due to lower stability and recycling challenges. In this study, laccase from Bacillus pumilus TCCC 11568 was expressed in Pichia pastoris (fLAC). The optimal catalytic conditions for fLAC were at pH 6.0 and 80 °C, with a half-life T1/2 of 120 min at 70 °C. fLAC achieved a 46 % degradation rate of BPA, and possible degradation pathways were proposed based on identified products and reported intermediates of BPA degradation. To improve its stability and degradation capacity, a whole-cell biocatalyst (WCB) was developed by displaying LAC (dLAC) on the surface of P. pastoris GS115. The functionally displayed LAC demonstrated enhanced thermostability and pH stability along with an improved BPA degradation ability, achieving a 91 % degradation rate. Additionally, dLAC maintained a degradation rate of over 50 % after the fourth successive cycles. This work provides a powerful catalyst for degrading BPA, which might decontaminate endocrine disruptor-contaminated water through nine possible pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Kui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Willetts A. Bicyclo[3.2.0]carbocyclic Molecules and Redox Biotransformations: The Evolution of Closed-Loop Artificial Linear Biocatalytic Cascades and Related Redox-Neutral Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:7249. [PMID: 37959669 PMCID: PMC10649493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of cofactor recycling in determining the efficiency of artificial biocatalytic cascades has become paramount in recent years. Closed-loop cofactor recycling, which initially emerged in the 1990s, has made a valuable contribution to the development of this aspect of biotechnology. However, the evolution of redox-neutral closed-loop cofactor recycling has a longer history that has been integrally linked to the enzymology of oxy-functionalised bicyclo[3.2.0]carbocyclic molecule metabolism throughout. This review traces that relevant history from the mid-1960s to current times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Willetts
- Curnow Consultancies Ltd., Trewithen House, Helston TR13 9PQ, Cornwall, UK
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3
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Davenport B, Hallam SJ. Emerging enzyme surface display systems for waste resource recovery. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:241-249. [PMID: 36369958 PMCID: PMC10100002 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current century marks an inflection point for human progress, as the developed world increasingly comes to recognize that the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of resource extraction must be balanced with more sustainable modes of growth that are less reliant on non-renewable sources of energy and materials. This has opened a window of opportunity for cross-sector development of biotechnologies that harness the metabolic problem-solving power of microbial communities. In this context, recovery has emerged as an organizing principal to create value from industrial and municipal waste streams, and the search is on for new enzymes and platforms that can be used for waste resource recovery at scale. Enzyme surface display on cells or functionalized materials has emerged as a promising platform for waste valorization. Typically, surface display involves the use of substrate binding or catalytic domains of interest translationally fused with extracellular membrane proteins in a microbial chassis. Novel display systems with improved performance features include S-layer display with increased protein density, spore display with increased resistance to harsh conditions, and intracellular inclusions including DNA-free cells or nanoparticles with improved social licence for in situ applications. Combining these display systems with advances in bioprinting, electrospinning and high-throughput functional screening have potential to transform outmoded extractive paradigms into 'trans-metabolic" processes for remediation and waste resource recovery within an emerging circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Davenport
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J Hallam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Bradshaw Research Institute for Minerals and Mining, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- ECOSCOPE Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Martín-Morales C, Fernández-Méndez J, Aranda P, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk-shell and sepiolite nanomaterials. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:522-534. [PMID: 37152474 PMCID: PMC10155620 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the bottom-up fabrication of biohybrid materials using a nanoarchitectonics approach has been applied to entrap living cells. Unicellular microorganisms, that is, cyanobacteria and yeast cells, have been immobilized in silica and silicate-based substrates organized as nanostructured materials. In a first attempt, matrices based on bionanocomposites of chitosan and alginate incorporating sepiolite clay mineral and shaped as films, beads, or foams have been explored for the immobilization of cyanobacteria. It has been observed that this type of biohybrid substrates leads to serious problems regarding the long-time survival of the encapsulated microorganisms. Alternative procedures using silica-based matrices with low sodium content, generated by sol-gel methods, as well as pre-synthesised yolk-shell bionanohybrids have been studied subsequently. Optical microscopy and SEM confirm that the silica shell microstructures provide a reduced contact between cells. The inorganic matrix increases the survival of the cells and maintains their bioactivity. Thus, the encapsulation efficiency is improved compared to the approach using a direct contact of cells in a silica matrix. Encapsulated yeast produced ethanol over a period of several days, pointing out the useful biocatalytic potential of the approach and suggesting further optimization of the present protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Martín-Morales
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Fernández-Méndez
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C/ José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Aranda
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, CSIC, C/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Croci F, Vilím J, Adamopoulou T, Tseliou V, Schoenmakers PJ, Knaus T, Mutti FG. Continuous Flow Biocatalytic Reductive Amination by Co-Entrapping Dehydrogenases with Agarose Gel in a 3D-Printed Mould Reactor. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200549. [PMID: 36173971 PMCID: PMC9828473 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we show how the merge of biocatalysis with flow chemistry aided by 3D-printing technologies can facilitate organic synthesis. This concept was exemplified for the reductive amination of benzaldehyde catalysed by co-immobilised amine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase in a continuous flow micro-reactor. For this purpose, we investigated enzyme co-immobilisation by covalent binding, or ion-affinity binding, or entrapment. Entrapment in an agarose hydrogel turned out to be the most promising solution for this biocatalytic reaction. Therefore, we developed a scalable and customisable approach whereby an agarose hydrogel containing the co-entrapped dehydrogenases was cast in a 3D-printed mould. The reactor was applied to the reductive amination of benzaldehyde in continuous flow over 120 h and afforded 47 % analytical yield and a space-time yield of 7.4 g L day-1 using 0.03 mol% biocatalysts loading. This work also exemplifies how rapid prototyping of enzymatic reactions in flow can be achieved through 3D-printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Croci
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Vilím
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Theodora Adamopoulou
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vasilis Tseliou
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Rodrigues CJC, de Carvalho CCCR. Process Development for Benzyl Alcohol Production by Whole-Cell Biocatalysis in Stirred and Packed Bed Reactors. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050966. [PMID: 35630410 PMCID: PMC9147996 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocean is an excellent source for new biocatalysts due to the tremendous genetic diversity of marine microorganisms, and it may contribute to the development of sustainable industrial processes. A marine bacterium was isolated and selected for the conversion of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol, which is an important chemical employed as a precursor for producing esters for cosmetics and other industries. Enzymatic production routes are of interest for sustainable processes. To overcome benzaldehyde low water solubility, DMSO was used as a biocompatible cosolvent up to a concentration of 10% (v/v). A two-phase system with n-hexane, n-heptane, or n-hexadecane as organic phase allowed at least a 44% higher relative conversion of benzaldehyde than the aqueous system, and allowed higher initial substrate concentrations. Cell performance decreased with increasing product concentration but immobilization of cells in alginate improved four-fold the robustness of the biocatalyst: free and immobilized cells were inhibited at concentrations of benzyl alcohol of 5 and 20 mM, respectively. Scaling up to a 100 mL stirred reactor, using a fed-batch approach, enabled a 1.5-fold increase in benzyl alcohol productivity when compared with batch mode. However, product accumulation in the reactor hindered the conversion. The use of a continuous flow reactor packed with immobilized cells enabled a 9.5-fold increase in productivity when compared with the fed-batch stirred reactor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. C. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-841-9594
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7
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Dzionek A, Wojcieszyńska D, Guzik U. Use of xanthan gum for whole cell immobilization and its impact in bioremediation - a review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:126918. [PMID: 35231596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xanthan gum is one of the exo-polysaccharides produced by bacteria and is characterized by unique non-Newtonian properties. Its structure and conformation strongly depend on the fermentation conditions and such factors as temperature and ions concentration. The properties of the xanthan gum were appreciated in the controlled drug delivery but in the crosslinked form. Due to its ability to enhance the survival rate of immobilized bacteria, the potential of a crosslinked form is promising. Unfortunately, xanthan gum crosslinking procedures often require toxic substances or harsh environmental conditions, which cannot be used in the entrapment of living cells. In this study, we summarised a crosslinking method that could potentially be modified to reduce its toxicity to living cells. Moreover, this review also includes using xanthan gum in bioremediation studies and possible utilization methods to avoid carrier accumulation in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dzionek
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Danuta Wojcieszyńska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Urszula Guzik
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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8
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Preparation of cross-linked cell aggregates (CLCAs) of recombinant E. coli harboring glutamate dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase for efficient asymmetric synthesis of L-phosphinothricin. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Theodosiou E, Tüllinghoff A, Toepel J, Bühler B. Exploitation of Hetero- and Phototrophic Metabolic Modules for Redox-Intensive Whole-Cell Biocatalysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:855715. [PMID: 35497353 PMCID: PMC9043136 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful realization of a sustainable manufacturing bioprocess and the maximization of its production potential and capacity are the main concerns of a bioprocess engineer. A main step towards this endeavor is the development of an efficient biocatalyst. Isolated enzyme(s), microbial cells, or (immobilized) formulations thereof can serve as biocatalysts. Living cells feature, beside active enzymes, metabolic modules that can be exploited to support energy-dependent and multi-step enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Metabolism can sustainably supply necessary cofactors or cosubstrates at the expense of readily available and cheap resources, rendering external addition of costly cosubstrates unnecessary. However, for the development of an efficient whole-cell biocatalyst, in depth comprehension of metabolic modules and their interconnection with cell growth, maintenance, and product formation is indispensable. In order to maximize the flux through biosynthetic reactions and pathways to an industrially relevant product and respective key performance indices (i.e., titer, yield, and productivity), existing metabolic modules can be redesigned and/or novel artificial ones established. This review focuses on whole-cell bioconversions that are coupled to heterotrophic or phototrophic metabolism and discusses metabolic engineering efforts aiming at 1) increasing regeneration and supply of redox equivalents, such as NAD(P/H), 2) blocking competing fluxes, and 3) increasing the availability of metabolites serving as (co)substrates of desired biosynthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Theodosiou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Adrian Tüllinghoff
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Toepel
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Schwaiger KN, Voit A, Wiltschi B, Nidetzky B. Engineering cascade biocatalysis in whole cells for bottom-up synthesis of cello-oligosaccharides: flux control over three enzymatic steps enables soluble production. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:61. [PMID: 35397553 PMCID: PMC8994397 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble cello-oligosaccharides (COS, β-1,4-D-gluco-oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization DP 2-6) have been receiving increased attention in different industrial sectors, from food and feed to cosmetics. Development of large-scale COS applications requires cost-effective technologies for their production. Cascade biocatalysis by the three enzymes sucrose-, cellobiose- and cellodextrin phosphorylase is promising because it enables bottom-up synthesis of COS from expedient substrates such as sucrose and glucose. A whole-cell-derived catalyst that incorporates the required enzyme activities from suitable co-expression would represent an important step towards making the cascade reaction fit for production. Multi-enzyme co-expression to reach distinct activity ratios is challenging in general, but it requires special emphasis for the synthesis of COS. Only a finely tuned balance between formation and elongation of the oligosaccharide precursor cellobiose results in the desired COS. RESULTS Here, we show the integration of cellodextrin phosphorylase into a cellobiose-producing whole-cell catalyst. We arranged the co-expression cassettes such that their expression levels were upregulated. The most effective strategy involved a custom vector design that placed the coding sequences for cellobiose phosphorylase (CbP), cellodextrin phosphorylase (CdP) and sucrose phosphorylase (ScP) in a tricistron in the given order. The expression of the tricistron was controlled by the strong T7lacO promoter and strong ribosome binding sites (RBS) for each open reading frame. The resulting whole-cell catalyst achieved a recombinant protein yield of 46% of total intracellular protein in an optimal ScP:CbP:CdP activity ratio of 10:2.9:0.6, yielding an overall activity of 315 U/g dry cell mass. We demonstrated that bioconversion catalyzed by a semi-permeabilized whole-cell catalyst achieved an industrial relevant COS product titer of 125 g/L and a space-time yield of 20 g/L/h. With CbP as the cellobiose providing enzyme, flux into higher oligosaccharides (DP ≥ 6) was prevented and no insoluble products were formed after 6 h of conversion. CONCLUSIONS A whole-cell catalyst for COS biosynthesis was developed. The coordinated co-expression of the three biosynthesis enzymes balanced the activities of the individual enzymes such that COS production was maximized. With the flux control set to minimize the share of insolubles in the product, the whole-cell synthesis shows a performance with respect to yield, productivity, product concentration and quality that is promising for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina N. Schwaiger
- grid.432147.70000 0004 0591 4434ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alena Voit
- grid.432147.70000 0004 0591 4434ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Wiltschi
- grid.432147.70000 0004 0591 4434ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- grid.432147.70000 0004 0591 4434ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
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11
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Homburg SV, Patel AV. Silica Hydrogels as Entrapment Material for Microalgae. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071391. [PMID: 35406264 PMCID: PMC9002651 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a promising feedstock for food, feed, chemicals, and biofuels, microalgal production processes are still uneconomical due to slow growth rates, costly media, problematic downstreaming processes, and rather low cell densities. Immobilization via entrapment constitutes a promising tool to overcome these drawbacks of microalgal production and enables continuous processes with protection against shear forces and contaminations. In contrast to biopolymer gels, inorganic silica hydrogels are highly transparent and chemically, mechanically, thermally, and biologically stable. Since the first report on entrapment of living cells in silica hydrogels in 1989, efforts were made to increase the biocompatibility by omitting organic solvents during hydrolysis, removing toxic by-products, and replacing detrimental mineral acids or bases for pH adjustment. Furthermore, methods were developed to decrease the stiffness in order to enable proliferation of entrapped cells. This review aims to provide an overview of studied entrapment methods in silica hydrogels, specifically for rather sensitive microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vanessa Homburg
- WG Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anant V Patel
- WG Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
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12
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Troiano D, Orsat V, Dumont MJ. Use of filamentous fungi as biocatalysts in the oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126169. [PMID: 34695584 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the use of filamentous fungi as oxidative biocatalysts. To that end, filamentous fungal whole-cells, comprising five different species were employed in the oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). Two species (A. niger and T. reesei), which demonstrated superior HMF conversion and product accumulation, were further evaluated for growth on alternative substrates (e.g. pentoses) as well as for use in a chemo-biocatalytic reaction system. Concerning the latter, the two whole-cell biocatalysts were coupled with laccase/TEMPO in a one-pot reaction designed to enable catalysis of the three oxidative steps necessary to convert HMF into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a compound with immense potential in the production of sustainable and eco-friendly polymers. Ultimately, the optimal one-pot chemo-biocatalytic cascade system, comprising 1 g/L T. reesei whole cells coupled with 2.5 mM laccase and 20 mol% TEMPO, achieved a molar yield of 88% after 80 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Troiano
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Valérie Orsat
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Dumont
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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13
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Savvidou MG, Ferraro A, Schinas P, Mamma D, Kekos D, Hristoforou E, Kolisis FN. Magnetic Immobilization and Growth of Nannochloropsis oceanica and Scenedasmus almeriensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:72. [PMID: 35009076 PMCID: PMC8747155 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are used in industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Their performance on biological applications may be improved by their immobilization. This study presents a way of cell immobilization using microalgae carrying magnetic properties. Nannochloropsis oceanica and Scenedasmus almeriensis cells were treated enzymatically (cellulase) and mechanically (glass beads), generating protoplasts as a means of incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy images verified the successful cell wall destruction for both of the examined microalgae cells. Subsequently, protoplasts were transformed with magnetic nanoparticles by a continuous electroporation method and then cultured on a magnetic surface. Regeneration of transformed protoplasts was optimized using various organic carbon and amino acid supplements. Both protoplast preparation methods demonstrated similar efficiency. Casamino acids, as source of amino acids, were the most efficient compound for N. oceanica protoplasts regeneration in enzymatic and mechanical treatment, while for S. almeriensis protoplasts regeneration, fructose, as source of organic carbon, was the most effective. Protoplasts transformation efficiency values with magnetic nanoparticles after enzymatic or mechanical treatments for N. oceanica and S. almeriensis were 17.8% and 10.7%, and 18.6% and 15.7%, respectively. Finally, selected magnetic cells were immobilized and grown on a vertical magnetic surface exposed to light and without any supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Savvidou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Angelo Ferraro
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Electronic Sensors, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Petros Schinas
- Environment and Quality of Life Center, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Diomi Mamma
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Dimitris Kekos
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Evangelos Hristoforou
- Laboratory of Electronic Sensors, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Fragiskos N. Kolisis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
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14
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Sheng T, Guan X, Liu C, Su Y. De Novo Approach to Encapsulating Biocatalysts into Synthetic Matrixes: From Enzymes to Microbial Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52234-52249. [PMID: 34352175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysts hold great promise in chemical and electrochemical reactions. However, biocatalysts are prone to inhospitable physiochemical conditions. Encapsulating biocatalysts into a synthetic host matrix can improve their stability and activity, and broaden their operational conditions. In this Review, we summarize the emerging de novo approaches to encapsulating biocatalysts into synthetic matrixes. Here, de novo means that embedding of biocatalysts and construction of matrixes take place simultaneously. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the de novo approach. On the basis of the nature of the biocatalysts and the synthetic frameworks, we specifically focus on two aspects: (1) encapsulation of enzymes (in vitro) in metal-organic frameworks and (2) encapsulation of microbial electrocatalysts (in vivo) on the electrode. For both cases, we discuss how the encapsulation improves biocatalysts' performance (stability, viability, activity, and etc.). We also highlight the benefit of encapsulation in facilitating the transport of charge carriers in microbial electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Sheng
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xun Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yude Su
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Valikhani D, Bolivar JM, Pelletier JN. An Overview of Cytochrome P450 Immobilization Strategies for Drug Metabolism Studies, Biosensing, and Biocatalytic Applications: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donya Valikhani
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), 1375 Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Ave., Montréal, Quebec H2 V 0B3, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec City Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Juan M. Bolivar
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), 1375 Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Ave., Montréal, Quebec H2 V 0B3, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec City Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit ave, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Adebar N, Nastke A, Löwe J, Gröger H. Segmented Flow Processes to Overcome Hurdles of Whole-Cell Biocatalysis in the Presence of Organic Solvents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15863-15869. [PMID: 33713367 PMCID: PMC8362180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In modern process development, it is imperative to consider biocatalysis, and whole-cell catalysts often represent a favored form of such catalysts. However, the application of whole-cell catalysis in typical organic batch two-phase synthesis often struggles due to mass transfer limitations, emulsion formation, tedious work-up and, thus, low yields. Herein, we demonstrate that utilizing segmented flow tools enables the conduction of whole-cell biocatalysis efficiently in biphasic media. Exemplified for three different biotransformations, the power of such segmented flow processes is shown. For example, a 3-fold increase of conversion from 34 % to >99 % and a dramatic simplified work-up leading to a 1.5-fold higher yield from 44 % to 65 % compared to the analogous batch process was achieved in such a flow process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Adebar
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and BiotechnologyFaculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Alina Nastke
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and BiotechnologyFaculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Jana Löwe
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and BiotechnologyFaculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and BiotechnologyFaculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
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18
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Adebar N, Nastke A, Löwe J, Gröger H. Segmentierte Flow‐Prozesse zur Überwindung von Limitierungen der Ganzzell‐Biokatalyse in Gegenwart von organischen Lösungsmitteln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Adebar
- Lehrstuhl für Industrielle Organische Chemie und Biotechnologie Fakultät der Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Alina Nastke
- Lehrstuhl für Industrielle Organische Chemie und Biotechnologie Fakultät der Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Jana Löwe
- Lehrstuhl für Industrielle Organische Chemie und Biotechnologie Fakultät der Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Harald Gröger
- Lehrstuhl für Industrielle Organische Chemie und Biotechnologie Fakultät der Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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Abstract
Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are flavin-dependent oxidative enzymes capable of catalyzing the insertion of an oxygen atom between a carbonylic Csp2 and the Csp3 at the alpha position, therefore transforming linear and cyclic ketones into esters and lactones. These enzymes are dependent on nicotinamides (NAD(P)H) for the flavin reduction and subsequent reaction with molecular oxygen. BVMOs can be included in cascade reactions, coupled to other redox enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) or ene-reductases (EREDs), so that the direct conversion of alcohols or α,β-unsaturated carbonylic compounds to the corresponding esters can be achieved. In the present review, the different synthetic methodologies that have been performed by employing multienzymatic strategies with BVMOs combining whole cells or isolated enzymes, through sequential or parallel methods, are described, with the aim of highlighting the advantages of performing multienzymatic systems, and show the recent advances for overcoming the drawbacks of using BVMOs in these techniques.
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Production of Aldehydes by Biocatalysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094949. [PMID: 34066641 PMCID: PMC8124467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of aldehydes, highly reactive and toxic chemicals, brings specific challenges to biocatalytic processes. Absence of natural accumulation of aldehydes in microorganisms has led to a combination of in vitro and in vivo strategies for both, bulk and fine production. Advances in genetic and metabolic engineering and implementation of computational techniques led to the production of various enzymes with special requirements. Cofactor synthesis, post-translational modifications and structure engineering are applied to prepare active enzymes for one-step or cascade reactions. This review presents the highlights in biocatalytical production of aldehydes with the potential to shape future industrial applications.
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the use of biocatalysts in flow reactors. This merging combines the high selectivity and mild operation conditions typical of biocatalysis with enhanced mass transfer and resource efficiency associated to flow chemistry. Additionally, it provides a sound environment to emulate Nature by mimicking metabolic pathways in living cells and to produce goods through the systematic organization of enzymes towards efficient cascade reactions. Moreover, by enabling the combination of enzymes from different hosts, this approach paves the way for novel pathways. The present review aims to present recent developments within the scope of flow chemistry involving multi-enzymatic cascade reactions. The types of reactors used are briefly addressed. Immobilization methodologies and strategies for the application of the immobilized biocatalysts are presented and discussed. Key aspects related to the use of whole cells in flow chemistry are presented. The combination of chemocatalysis and biocatalysis is also addressed and relevant aspects are highlighted. Challenges faced in the transition from microscale to industrial scale are presented and discussed.
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Fasim A, More VS, More SS. Large-scale production of enzymes for biotechnology uses. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 69:68-76. [PMID: 33388493 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed up the chemical reaction to obtain the final valuable product/s. Biotechnology has revolutionized the use of traditional enzymes to be applicable in industries such as food, beverage, personal and household care, agriculture, bioenergy, pharmaceutical, and various other segments. With respect to the exponential growth of enzymes in biotech industries, it becomes important to highlight the advancements and impact of enzyme technology over recent years. In this review article, we discuss the existing and emerging production approaches, applications, developments, and global need for enzymes. Special emphasis is given to the predominantly utilized hydrolytic microbial enzymes in industrial bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa Fasim
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru 560 111, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena S More
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560 057 Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru 560 111, Karnataka, India.
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23
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Microbial cell surface display of oxidoreductases: Concepts and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:835-841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Santillan JY, Rojas NL, Ghiringhelli PD, Nóbile ML, Lewkowicz ES, Iribarren AM. Organophosphorus compounds biodegradation by novel bacterial isolates and their potential application in bioremediation of contaminated water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:124003. [PMID: 32810733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs), the major pesticides used worldwide, comprise an environmental hazard due to their harmful toxicity. Aimed to develop a bioreactor to remediate OPs contaminated wastewater, bacteria isolated from contaminated soils were identified and their ability to degrade OPs assessed, resulting in two main isolates, Sphingomonas sp. and Brevundimonas sp. Their OP degrading activities were characterized in terms of temperature, pH and substrates acceptance, resulting in high degradation rates at 60 °C, pH 10 and towards bulky OPs such as coroxon, coumaphos, and chlorpyrifos. Sphingomonas sp. cells were immobilized and 75.4% degradation of 0.15 mM chlorpyrifos was achieved after 21 days by immobilized cells in batch system, while this OP was completely degraded within 17 h when the biocatalyst is settled in a packed bed bioreactor, with a reusability of 8 cycles. These results suggest the potential application of this system in the bioremediation of contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Yamila Santillan
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Lorena Rojas
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular- Área Virosis de Insectos, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
| | - Pablo Daniel Ghiringhelli
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular- Área Virosis de Insectos, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
| | - Matías Leonardo Nóbile
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Sandra Lewkowicz
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
| | - Adolfo Marcelo Iribarren
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
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25
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Microbial degradation of organophosphorus pesticides using whole cells and enzyme extracts. Biodegradation 2020; 31:423-433. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Immobilized Cell Physiology Imaging and Stabilization of Enzyme Cascade Reaction Using Recombinant Cells Escherichia coli Entrapped in Polyelectrolyte Complex Beads by Jet Break-Up Encapsulator. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel, high performance, and scalable immobilization protocol using a laminar jet break-up technique was developed for the production of polyelectrolyte complex beads with entrapped viable Escherichia coli cells expressing an enzyme cascade of alcohol dehydrogenase, enoate reductase, and cyclohexanone monooxygenase. A significant improvement of operational stability was achieved by cell immobilization, which was manifested as an almost two-fold higher summative product yield of 63% after five cascade reaction cycles as compared to the yield using free cells of 36% after the maximum achievable number of three cycles. Correspondingly, increased metabolic activity was observed by multimodal optical imaging in entrapped cells, which was in contrast to a complete suppression of cell metabolism in free cells after five reaction cycles. Additionally, a high density of cells entrapped in beads had a negligible effect on bead permeability for low molecular weight substrates and products of cascade reaction.
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Ugwuodo CJ, Nwagu TN. Stabilizing enzymes by immobilization on bacterial spores: A review of literature. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:238-250. [PMID: 33115650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing applications of enzymes are limited by the relatively poor performance in harsh processing conditions. As a result, there are constant innovations in immobilization protocols for improving biocatalyst activity and stability. Bacterial spores are cheap to generate and highly resistant to environmental stress. The spore core is sheathed by an inner membrane, the germ cell wall, the cortex, outer membrane, spore coat and in some species the exosporium. The spore surface is anion-rich, hydrophobic and contains several reactive groups capable of interacting and stabilizing enzyme molecules through electrostatic forces, hydrophobic interactions and covalent bonding. The probiotic nature of spores obtained from non-toxic bacterial species makes them suitable carriers for the enzyme immobilization, especially food-grade enzymes or those intended for therapeutic use. Immobilization on spores is by direct adsorption, covalent attachment or surface display during the sporulation phase. Hindrances to the immobilization on spore matrix include the production rates, operational instability, and reduced catalytic properties due to conformational changes in enzyme. This paper reviews bacterial spore as a heterofunctional support matrix gives reasons why probiotic bacillus spores are better options and the diverse technologies adopted for spore-enzyme immobilization. It further suggests directions for future use and discusses the commercialization prospects.
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Dzionek A, Wojcieszyńska D, Adamczyk-Habrajska M, Karczewski J, Potocka I, Guzik U. Xanthan gum as a carrier for bacterial cell entrapment: Developing a novel immobilised biocatalyst. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111474. [PMID: 33255053 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xanthan gum (XAN) is a widely used polysaccharide in various industries. Because of its unique properties, in this study, an attempt was made to adopt the procedure of xanthan gum cross-linking for the entrapment of bacterial cells that are able to biodegrade naproxen. The developed procedure proved to be completely neutral for Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) cells, which demonstrated a survival rate of 99%. A negative impact of entrapment was noted for strain Planococcus sp. S5, which showed a survival rate in the 93-51% range. To achieve good mechanical properties of the composites, they were additionally hardened using polydopamine (PDA). XAN/PDA composites revealed a high stability in a wide range of pH, and their sorption capacity included both cationic and anionic molecules. Analysis of the survival rate during storage at 4 °C in 0.9% NaCl showed that, after 35 days, 98-99% of B1(2015b) and 47% of S5 cells entrapped in XAN/PDA remained alive. This study also presents the results of naproxen biodegradation conducted using XAN/PDA/B1(2015b) in a trickling filter with autochthonous microflora. Hence, owing to the significant acceleration of drug biodegradation (1 mg/L in 14 days) and the chemical oxygen demand removal, the entrapped B1(2015b) cells in XAN/PDA composites showed a promising potential in bioremediation studies and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dzionek
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Danuta Wojcieszyńska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Adamczyk-Habrajska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Jerzy Karczewski
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Izabela Potocka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Urszula Guzik
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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Hollá V, Hill R, Antošová M, Polakovič M. Design of immobilized biocatalyst and optimal conditions for tyrosol β-galactoside production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:93-101. [PMID: 32816074 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosol β-galactoside (TG) is a phenylethanoid glycoside with proven neuroprotective properties. This work deals with its biocatalytic production from tyrosol and lactose using Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase in immobilized form. Six commercial carriers were examined to find the optimal biocatalyst. Besides standard biocatalyst performance characteristics, adsorption of the hydrophobic substrate on immobilization carrier matrices was also investigated. The adsorption of tyrosol was significant, but it did not have adverse effects on TG production. On the contrary, TG yield was improved for some biocatalysts. A biocatalyst prepared by covalent binding of β-galactosidase on an epoxy-activated carrier was used for detailed investigation of the effect of reaction conditions on glycoside production. Temperature had a surprisingly weak effect on the overall process rate. A lactose concentration of 0.83 M was found to be optimal to enhance TG formation. The impact of tyrosol concentration was rather complex. This substrate caused inhibition of all reactions. Its concentration had a strong effect on the hydrolysis of lactose and all products. Higher tyrosol concentrations, 30-40 g/L, were favorable as pseudo-equilibrium concentrations of TG and galactooligosaccharide were reached. Repeated batch results revealed excellent operational stability of the biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hollá
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rhiannon Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Antošová
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Polakovič
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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30
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Gérardy R, Debecker DP, Estager J, Luis P, Monbaliu JCM. Continuous Flow Upgrading of Selected C 2-C 6 Platform Chemicals Derived from Biomass. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7219-7347. [PMID: 32667196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ever increasing industrial production of commodity and specialty chemicals inexorably depletes the finite primary fossil resources available on Earth. The forecast of population growth over the next 3 decades is a very strong incentive for the identification of alternative primary resources other than petro-based ones. In contrast with fossil resources, renewable biomass is a virtually inexhaustible reservoir of chemical building blocks. Shifting the current industrial paradigm from almost exclusively petro-based resources to alternative bio-based raw materials requires more than vibrant political messages; it requires a profound revision of the concepts and technologies on which industrial chemical processes rely. Only a small fraction of molecules extracted from biomass bears significant chemical and commercial potentials to be considered as ubiquitous chemical platforms upon which a new, bio-based industry can thrive. Owing to its inherent assets in terms of unique process experience, scalability, and reduced environmental footprint, flow chemistry arguably has a major role to play in this context. This review covers a selection of C2 to C6 bio-based chemical platforms with existing commercial markets including polyols (ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, 1,4-butanediol, xylitol, and sorbitol), furanoids (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) and carboxylic acids (lactic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, itaconic acid, and levulinic acid). The aim of this review is to illustrate the various aspects of upgrading bio-based platform molecules toward commodity or specialty chemicals using new process concepts that fall under the umbrella of continuous flow technology and that could change the future perspectives of biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaric Gérardy
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien P Debecker
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Research & Innovation Centre for Process Engineering (ReCIPE), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Julien Estager
- Certech, Rue Jules Bordet 45, Zone Industrielle C, B-7180 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Patricia Luis
- Research & Innovation Centre for Process Engineering (ReCIPE), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Materials & Process Engineering (iMMC-IMAP), UCLouvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Wiltschi B, Cernava T, Dennig A, Galindo Casas M, Geier M, Gruber S, Haberbauer M, Heidinger P, Herrero Acero E, Kratzer R, Luley-Goedl C, Müller CA, Pitzer J, Ribitsch D, Sauer M, Schmölzer K, Schnitzhofer W, Sensen CW, Soh J, Steiner K, Winkler CK, Winkler M, Wriessnegger T. Enzymes revolutionize the bioproduction of value-added compounds: From enzyme discovery to special applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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High throughput solid-phase screening of bacteria with cyclic amino alcohol deamination activity for enantioselective synthesis of chiral cyclic β-amino alcohols. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1501-1511. [PMID: 32219689 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To screening of bacteria with cyclic amino alcohol deamination activity for enantioselective synthesis of chiral cyclic β-amino alcohols. RESULTS A new strain named Arthrobacter sp. TYUT010-15 with the (R)-selective deamination activity of cyclic β-amino alcohol has been isolated from nature via a high throughput solid-phase screening method. The reaction conditions of TYUT010-15 were optimized. Using the resting cell of TYUT010-15 as the catalyst, kinetic resolution of trans-2-aminocyclopentanol, trans-2-aminocyclohexanol and cis-1-amino-2-indanol was carried out to afford (1S, 2S)-trans-2-aminocyclopentanol, (1S, 2S)-trans-2-aminocyclohexanol and (1R, 2S)-cis-1-amino-2-indanol in > 99% ee and 49.6-50% conversion. Four aromatic β-amino alcohols and two amines were also resolved, (S)-β-amino alcohols and (R)-amines were obtained in > 99% ee. Preparation experiment was conducted with 200 mM (23.2 g L-1) racemic trans-2-aminocyclohexanol, yielding the desired (1S, 2S)-trans-2-aminocyclohexanol in 40% isolated yield, > 99% ee and 5.8 g L-1 d-1 space time yields. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a high throughput solid-phase method for screening of bacteria with cyclic amino alcohol deamination activity and a first example for practical preparation of chiral cyclic β-amino alcohol by Arthrobacter sp. TYUT010-15.
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Neděla V, Tihlaříková E, Maxa J, Imrichová K, Bučko M, Gemeiner P. Simulation-based optimisation of thermodynamic conditions in the ESEM for dynamical in-situ study of spherical polyelectrolyte complex particles in their native state. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 211:112954. [PMID: 32018072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a complex analysis and optimisation of dynamic conditions in the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to allow in-situ observation of extremely delicate wet bio-polymeric spherical particles in their native state. According to the results of gas flow and heat transfer simulations, we were able to develop an improved procedure leading to thermodynamic equilibrium between the sample and chamber environment. To quantify and hence minimise the extent of any sample deformation during specimen chamber pumping, a strength-stress analysis is used. Monte Carlo simulations of beam-gas, -water, and -sample interactions describe beam scattering, absorbed energy, interaction volume and the emission of signal electrons in the ESEM. Finally, we discuss sample damage as a result of drying and the production of beam-induced free radicals. Based on all experimental and simulation results we introduce a Delicate Sample Observation Strategy for the ESEM. We show how this strategy can be applied to the characterization of polyelectrolyte complex spherical particles containing immobilized recombinant cells E. coli overexpressing cyclohexanone monooxygenase, used as a model biocatalyst. We present the first native-state electron microscopy images of the viscous core of a halved polyelectrolyte complex capsule containing living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilém Neděla
- Environmental electron microscopy group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of ASCR, Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Tihlaříková
- Environmental electron microscopy group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of ASCR, Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Maxa
- Environmental electron microscopy group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of ASCR, Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Imrichová
- Environmental electron microscopy group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of ASCR, Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Bučko
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Gemeiner
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Abstract
Microfluidic devices with integrated biological material have found many applications in analytics (e.g., protein and DNA analysis), biochemistry (e.g., PCR), and medical diagnostics (e.g., ELISA test). Recently they are also considered as promising tools for bioprocess development and intensification. In order to enable long-term biocatalyst use and to facilitate its separation from the product, immobilization within the microreactor is often preferred over the use of free enzymes or cells. Surface immobilization is frequently selected due to the very high surface-to-volume ratio of microfluidic devices that offers the possibility for high biocatalyst load and at the same time good biocatalyst accessibility. Moreover, such reactor design prevents the increase in backpressure, often encountered in packed-bed or monolithic microreactors.Microbial cells are beneficial over the isolated enzymes in many biotransformations, especially in multistep syntheses and in cofactor-dependent reactions. Their immobilization within microreactors, especially made from disposable polymers, is of a big interest for analytical and synthetic applications.This chapter describes procedure for immobilization of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells onto inner surfaces of microreactors made from various polymeric materials and glass. Cells could be immobilized in high densities and remain stably attached over several days of continuous microreactor operation.
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Miranda-Molina A, Xolalpa W, Strompen S, Arreola-Barroso R, Olvera L, López-Munguía A, Castillo E, Saab-Rincon G. Deep Eutectic Solvents as New Reaction Media to Produce Alkyl-Glycosides Using Alpha-Amylase from Thermotoga maritima. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215439. [PMID: 31683666 PMCID: PMC6862209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) were investigated as new reaction media for the synthesis of alkyl glycosides catalyzed by the thermostable α-amylase from Thermotoga maritima Amy A. The enzyme was almost completely deactivated when assayed in a series of pure DES, but as cosolvents, DES containing alcohols, sugars, and amides as hydrogen-bond donors (HBD) performed best. A choline chloride:urea based DES was further characterized for the alcoholysis reaction using methanol as a nucleophile. As a cosolvent, this DES increased the hydrolytic and alcoholytic activity of the enzyme at low methanol concentrations, even when both activities drastically dropped when methanol concentration was increased. To explain this phenomenon, variable-temperature, circular dichroism characterization of the protein was conducted, finding that above 60 °C, Amy A underwent large conformational changes not observed in aqueous medium. Thus, 60 °C was set as the temperature limit to carry out alcoholysis reactions. Higher DES contents at this temperature had a detrimental but differential effect on hydrolysis and alcoholysis reactions, thus increasing the alcoholyisis/hydrolysis ratio. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of DES and temperature on an enzyme in which structural studies made it possible to establish the temperature limit for a thermostable enzyme in DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Miranda-Molina
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Wendy Xolalpa
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Simon Strompen
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Arreola-Barroso
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Olvera
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Agustín López-Munguía
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Edmundo Castillo
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
| | - Gloria Saab-Rincon
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
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Fukuzumi S, Lee YM, Nam W. Catalytic recycling of NAD(P)H. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110777. [PMID: 31376683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large number of industrially relevant enzymes depend upon dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cofactors, which are too expensive to be added in stoichiometric amounts. Existing NAD(P)H-recycling systems suffer from low activity, or the generation of side products. This review focuses on NAD(P)H cofactor regeneration catalyzed by transition metal complexes such as rhodium, ruthenium and iridium complexes using cheap reducing agents such as hydrogen (H2) and ethanol, which have attracted increasing attention as sustainable energy carriers. The catalytic mechanisms for the regioselective reduction of NAD(P)+ are discussed with emphasis on identification of catalytically active intermediates such as transition metal hydride complexes. Applications of NAD(P)H-recycling systems to develop artificial photosynthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan.
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Highly efficient asymmetric reduction of 2-octanone in biphasic system by immobilized Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061 cells. J Biotechnol 2019; 299:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Foley AM, Maguire AR. The Impact of Recent Developments in Technologies which Enable the Increased Use of Biocatalysts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M. Foley
- School of Chemistry; Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis & Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry & School of Pharmacy; Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis & Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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Sakkos JK, Wackett LP, Aksan A. Enhancement of biocatalyst activity and protection against stressors using a microbial exoskeleton. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3158. [PMID: 30816335 PMCID: PMC6395662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole cell biocatalysts can perform numerous industrially-relevant chemical reactions. While they are less expensive than purified enzymes, whole cells suffer from inherent reaction rate limitations due to transport resistance imposed by the cell membrane. Furthermore, it is desirable to immobilize the biocatalysts to enable ease of separation from the reaction mixture. In this study, we used a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly process to create a microbial exoskeleton which, simultaneously immobilized, protected, and enhanced the reactivity of a whole cell biocatalyst. As a proof of concept, we used Escherichia coli expressing homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase (HPCD) as a model biocatalyst and coated it with up to ten alternating layers of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and silica. The microbial exoskeleton also protected the biocatalyst against a variety of external stressors including: desiccation, freeze/thaw, exposure to high temperatures, osmotic shock, as well as against enzymatic attack by lysozyme, and predation by protozoa. While we observed increased permeability of the outer membrane after exoskeleton deposition, this had a moderate effect on the reaction rate (up to two-fold enhancement). When the exoskeleton construction was followed by detergent treatment to permeabilize the cytoplasmic membrane, up to 15-fold enhancement in the reaction rate was reached. With the exoskeleton, we increased in the reaction rate constants as much as 21-fold by running the biocatalyst at elevated temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 60 °C, a supraphysiologic temperature range not accessible by unprotected bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Sakkos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lawrence P Wackett
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Alptekin Aksan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Bioprocess Intensification Using Flow Reactors: Stereoselective Oxidation of Achiral 1,3-diols with Immobilized Acetobacter Aceti. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiomerically enriched 2-hydroxymethylalkanoic acids were prepared by oxidative desymmetrisation of achiral 1,3-diols using immobilized cells of Acetobacter aceti in water at 28 °C. The biotransformations were first performed in batch mode with cells immobilized in dry alginate, furnishing the desired products with high molar conversion and reaction times ranging from 2 to 6 h. The biocatalytic process was intensified using a multiphasic flow reactor, where a segmented gas–liquid flow regime was applied for achieving an efficient O2-liquid transfer; the continuous flow systems allowed for high yields and high biocatalyst productivity.
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41
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Gonçalves MCP, Kieckbusch TG, Perna RF, Fujimoto JT, Morales SAV, Romanelli JP. Trends on enzyme immobilization researches based on bibliometric analysis. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Garzón-Posse F, Becerra-Figueroa L, Hernández-Arias J, Gamba-Sánchez D. Whole Cells as Biocatalysts in Organic Transformations. Molecules 2018; 23:E1265. [PMID: 29799483 PMCID: PMC6099930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the power and usefulness of biocatalysis in organic synthesis is undeniable, mainly due to the very high enantiomeric excess reached using enzymes, in an attempt to emulate natural processes. However, the use of isolated enzymes has some significant drawbacks, the most important of which is cost. The use of whole cells has emerged as a useful strategy with several advantages over isolated enzymes; for this reason, modern research in this field is increasing, and various reports have been published recently. This review surveys the most recent developments in the enantioselective reduction of carbon-carbon double bonds and prochiral ketones and the oxidation of prochiral sulfides using whole cells as biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Garzón-Posse
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Bio- and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1No 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
| | - Liliana Becerra-Figueroa
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Bio- and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1No 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
| | - José Hernández-Arias
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Bio- and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1No 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
| | - Diego Gamba-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Bio- and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1No 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
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Adamíková J, Antošová M, Polakovič M. A Method of Early Phase Selection of Carrier for Aspergillus Oryzae β
-Galactosidase Immobilization for Galactooligosaccharides Production. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800120. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Adamíková
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Slovak University of Technology; Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Monika Antošová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Slovak University of Technology; Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Milan Polakovič
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Slovak University of Technology; Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
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44
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Polyelectrolyte Complex Beads by Novel Two-Step Process for Improved Performance of Viable Whole-Cell Baeyer-Villiger Monoxygenase by Immobilization. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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45
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Flow Bioreactors as Complementary Tools for Biocatalytic Process Intensification. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 36:73-88. [PMID: 29054312 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has widened its scope and relevance since new molecular tools, including improved expression systems for proteins, protein and metabolic engineering, and rational techniques for immobilization, have become available. However, applications are still sometimes hampered by low productivity and difficulties in scaling up. A practical and reasonable step to improve the performances of biocatalysts (including both enzymes and whole-cell systems) is to use them in flow reactors. This review describes the state of the art on the design and use of biocatalysis in flow reactors. The encouraging successes of this enabling technology are critically discussed, highlighting new opportunities, problems to be solved and technological advances.
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46
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Progress in emerging techniques for characterization of immobilized viable whole-cell biocatalysts. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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