1
|
Origone AL, Hissi EGV, Liggieri CS, Camí GE, Illanes A, Barberis SE. Effect of Organic Solvents on the Activity, Stability and Secondary Structure of asclepain cI, Using FTIR and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Protein J 2024; 43:487-502. [PMID: 38453735 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims at understanding the effect of organic solvents on the specific proteolytic activity and operational stability of asclepain cI in aqueous-organic media, using correlations between geometrical and structural parameters of asclepain cI. These correlations were determined by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the secondary structure of the enzyme validated by Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Asclepain cI exhibited significantly higher catalytic potential in 29 of the 42 aqueous-organic media tested, composed by 0.1 mM TRIS hydrochloride buffer pH 8 (TCB) and an organic solvent, than in buffer alone. Asclepain cI in water-organic miscible systems showed high FTIR spectral similarity with that obtained in TCB, while in immiscible systems the enzyme acquired different secondary structures than in buffer. Among the conditions studied, asclepain cI showed the highest catalytic potential in 50% v/v ethyl acetate in TCB. According to MD simulations, that medium elicited solvation and flexibility changes around the active center of asclepain cI and conducted to a new secondary structure with the active center preserved. These results provide valuable insights into the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of asclepain cI tolerance to organic solvents and pave the way for its future application for the synthesis of peptides in aqueous-organic media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabella L Origone
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy (FQByF), National University of San Luis, Chacabuco N° 917, San Luis, Argentina
- Institute of Applied Physics (INFAP) - Technological Scientific Center of San Luis - National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (CONICET), Ejército de los Andes N° 950, Block II, 2nd Floor, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Esteban G Vega Hissi
- Physical-Chemistry Area, FQByF, National University of San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research (IMIBIO) - CONICET, Ejército de los Andes N° 950, 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Constanza S Liggieri
- Plant Protein Research Center (CIProVe), National University of La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gerardo E Camí
- Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha N° 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Faculty of Engineering and Chemistry, Av. Pellegrini N° 3314, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil N° 2085, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Sonia E Barberis
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy (FQByF), National University of San Luis, Chacabuco N° 917, San Luis, Argentina.
- Institute of Applied Physics (INFAP) - Technological Scientific Center of San Luis - National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (CONICET), Ejército de los Andes N° 950, Block II, 2nd Floor, 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen M, Jin T, Nian B, Cheng W. Solvent Tolerance Improvement of Lipases Enhanced Their Applications: State of the Art. Molecules 2024; 29:2444. [PMID: 38893320 PMCID: PMC11173743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipases, crucial catalysts in biochemical synthesis, find extensive applications across industries such as food, medicine, and cosmetics. The efficiency of lipase-catalyzed reactions is significantly influenced by the choice of solvents. Polar organic solvents often result in a decrease, or even loss, of lipase activity. Conversely, nonpolar organic solvents induce excessive rigidity in lipases, thereby affecting their activity. While the advent of new solvents like ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents has somewhat improved the activity and stability of lipases, it fails to address the fundamental issue of lipases' poor solvent tolerance. Hence, the rational design of lipases for enhanced solvent tolerance can significantly boost their industrial performance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the structural characteristics and properties of lipases in various solvent systems and emphasizes various strategies of protein engineering for non-aqueous media to improve lipases' solvent tolerance. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further enhancing the solvent tolerance and industrial properties of lipases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wenjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.C.); (T.J.); (B.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Kadmy IMS, Aziz SN, Hussein NH, El-Shafeiy SN, Hamzah IH, Suhail A, Alhomaidi E, Algammal AM, El-Saber Batiha G, ElBadre HM, Hetta HF. Sequencing analysis and efficient biodiesel production by lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:323. [PMID: 38393680 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, lipase processing for biodiesel production has shown a global increase as it is considered a potential alternative clean-fuel source. The current study's objective is to investigate of lipolytic activity of lipase produced from different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in biodiesel production using edible plant oils. The goal is to develop an efficient and cost-effective method for producing inexpensive and environmentally friendly biodiesel. METHODS AND RESULTS Four P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained from different environmental sources (soil), phenotypically identified, and it was confirmed by the PCR detection of the 16SrRNA gene. The isolated P. aeruginosa strains were screened for lipase production, and the recovered lipase was purified. Besides, the lipase (lip) gene was detected by PCR, and the purified PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. The production of biofuel was conducted using gas chromatography among tested oils. It was found that castor oil was the best one that enhances lipase production in-vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israa M S Al-Kadmy
- Branch of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10422, Iraq.
| | - Sarah Naji Aziz
- Branch of'Microbiology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10422, Iraq
| | - Nadheema Hammood Hussein
- Branch of'Microbiology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10422, Iraq
| | - Samah N El-Shafeiy
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 44516, Egypt
| | - Israa Hussein Hamzah
- Branch of Zoology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Suhail
- Department of physics, College of science, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Eman Alhomaidi
- Department of biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hala M ElBadre
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nazir A, Shad M, Rashid N, Azim N, Sajjad M. Recombinant production and characterization of a metal ion-independent Lysophospholipase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi DSM25543. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129345. [PMID: 38219941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Genome sequence of Pyrococcus abyssi DSM25543 contains a coding sequence (PAB_RS01410) for α/β hydrolase (WP_010867387.1). Structural analysis revealed the presence of a consensus motif GXSXG and a highly conserved catalytic triad in the amino acid sequence of α/β hydrolase that were characteristic features of lysophospholipases. A putative lysophospholipase from P. abyssi with its potential applications in oil degumming and starch processing was heterologously produced in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS in soluble form followed by its purification and characterization. The recombinant enzyme was found to be active at temperature of 40-90 °C and pH 5.5-7.0. However, the enzyme exhibited its optimum activity at 65 °C and pH 6.5. None of the metal ions (Mn2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+) being tested had stimulatory effect on lysophospholipase activity. Km and Vmax for hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl butyrate were calculated to be 1 ± 0.089 mM and 1637 ± 24.434 U/mg, respectively. It is the first report on the soluble production and characterization of recombinant lysophospholipase from P. abyssi which exhibits its lipolytic activity in the absence of divalent metal ions. Broad substrate specificity, activity and stability at elevated temperatures make recombinant lysophospholipase an ideal candidate for potential industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshia Nazir
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Rashid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naseema Azim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Mo L, Wu B, Ma C, Wang H. Effect of structural stability of lipase in acetonitrile on its catalytic activity in EGCG esterification reaction: FTIR and MD simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128266. [PMID: 37984584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) esterification reaction was catalyzed by Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM, Lipozyme TLIM, and lipase Amano 30SD in acetonitrile. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were used to analyze the structural stability of different lipases in acetonitrile and their effect on EGCG esterification reaction. The results showed that conversion rate of EGCG catalyzed by Lipozyme RM was the highest, followed by Lipozyme TLIM. FTIR indicated that the secondary structure of Lipozyme RM was the most stable. MD simulations suggested that whole structural stability of Lipozyme RM in acetonitrile was superior to Novozym 435 and lipase Amano 30SD and similar to Lipozyme TLIM due to their similar conformation, while the active site of Lipozyme RM is more flexible than that of Lipozyme TLIM, which indicated that lipase with stable whole structure and flexible active site may be more conducive to the esterification of EGCG in acetonitrile. This study provided a direction for rapidly screening lipase to synthetize EGCG or other polyphenols esterified derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ling Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin City, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Beiqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Hongxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan SF, Yue XJ, Hu WF, Wang Y, Li YZ. Genome-wide analysis of lipolytic enzymes and characterization of a high-tolerant carboxylesterase from Sorangium cellulosum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1304233. [PMID: 38111649 PMCID: PMC10725956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are important sources of lipolytic enzymes with characteristics for wide promising usages in the specific industrial biotechnology. The cellulolytic myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum is rich of lipolytic enzymes in the genome, but little has been investigated. Here, we discerned 406 potential lipolytic enzymes in 13 sequenced S. cellulosum genomes. These lipolytic enzymes belonged to 12 families, and most are novel with low identities (14-37%) to those reported. We characterized a new carboxylesterase, LipB, from the alkaline-adaptive So0157-2. This enzyme, belonging to family VIII, hydrolyzed glyceryl tributyrate and p-nitrophenyl esters with short chain fatty acids (≤C12), and exhibited the highest activity against p-nitrophenyl butyrate. It retained over 50% of the activities in a broad temperature range (from 20°C to 60°C), alkaline conditions (pH 8.0-9.5), and the enzymatic activity was stable with methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, and stimulated significantly in the presence of 5 mM Ni2+. LipB also exhibited β-lactamase activity on nitrocefin, but not ampicillin, cefotaxime and imipenem. The bioinformatic analysis and specific enzymatic characteristics indicate that S. cellulosum is a promising resource to explore lipolytic enzymes for industrial adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin-Jing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | - Yue-Zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rodríguez-Alonso G, Toledo-Marcos J, Serrano-Aguirre L, Rumayor C, Pasero B, Flores A, Saborido A, Hoyos P, Hernáiz MJ, de la Mata I, Arroyo M. A Novel Lipase from Streptomyces exfoliatus DSMZ 41693 for Biotechnological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17071. [PMID: 38069394 PMCID: PMC10707221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome mining of Streptomyces exfoliatus DSMZ 41693 has allowed us to identify four different lipase-encoding sequences, and one of them (SeLipC) has been successfully cloned and extracellularly expressed using Rhodococcus sp. T104 as a host. SeLipC was purified by one-step hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The enzyme is a monomeric protein of 27.6 kDa, which belongs to subfamily I.7 of lipolytic enzymes according to its phylogenetic analysis and biochemical characterization. The purified enzyme shows the highest activity at 60 °C and an optimum pH of 8.5, whereas thermal stability is significantly improved when protein concentration is increased, as confirmed by thermal deactivation kinetics, circular dichroism, and differential scanning calorimetry. Enzyme hydrolytic activity using p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) as substrate can be modulated by different water-miscible organic cosolvents, detergents, and metal ions. Likewise, kinetic parameters for pNPP are: KM = 49.6 µM, kcat = 57 s-1, and kcat/KM = 1.15 × 106 s-1·M-1. SeLipC is also able to hydrolyze olive oil and degrade several polyester-type polymers such as poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene succinate)-co-(butylene adipate) (PBSA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Moreover, SeLipC can catalyze the synthesis of different sugar fatty acid esters by transesterification using vinyl laurate as an acyl donor, demonstrating its interest in different biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rodríguez-Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Juan Toledo-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Lara Serrano-Aguirre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Carlos Rumayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Beatriz Pasero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Aida Flores
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (P.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Ana Saborido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Pilar Hoyos
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (P.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - María J. Hernáiz
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (P.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Isabel de la Mata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Miguel Arroyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rmili F, Frikha F, Chamkha M, Sayari A, Fendri A. Structure elucidation of Staphylococcus capitis lipase. Molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of calcium and zinc ions on the structural stability. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10450-10462. [PMID: 36546696 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2159528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cold-adapted and organic solvent tolerant lipases have significant potential in a wide range of synthetic reactions in industry. But there are no sufficient studies on how these enzymes interacts with their substrates. Herein, the predicted structure and function of the Staphylococcus capitis lipase (SCL) are studied. Given the high amino acid sequence homology with the Staphylococcus simulans lipase (SSL), 3D structure models of closed and open forms of the S. capitis lipase were built using the structure of SSL as template. The models suggested the presence of a main lid and a second lid that may act with the former as a double door to control the access to the active site. The SCL models also allowed us to identify key residues involved in binding substrates, calcium or zinc ions. By following this model and utilizing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the stability of the S. capitis lipase at low temperatures could be explained in the presence and in the absence of calcium and zinc. Due to its thermolability, the SCL is extremely valuable for different biotechnological applications in a wide variety of industries from molecular biology to detergency to food and beverage preparation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Rmili
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fakher Frikha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiang X, Zhu E, Xiong D, Wen Y, Xing Y, Yue L, He S, Han N, Huang Z. Improving the Thermostability of Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase by Restricting the Flexibility of N-Terminus and C-Terminus Simultaneously via the 25-Loop Substitutions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16562. [PMID: 38068886 PMCID: PMC10706272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Lipases are catalysts widely applied in industrial fields. To sustain the harsh treatments in industries, optimizing lipase activities and thermal stability is necessary to reduce production loss. (2) The thermostability of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) was evaluated via B-factor analysis and consensus-sequence substitutions. Five single-point variants (K24S, D27N, D27R, P29S, and A30P) with improved thermostability were constructed via site-directed mutagenesis. (3) The optimal reaction temperatures of all the five variants displayed 5 °C improvement compared with TLL. Four variants, except D27N, showed enhanced residual activities at 80 °C. The melting temperatures of three variants (D27R, P29S, and A30P) were significantly increased. The molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the 25-loop (residues 24-30) in the N-terminus of the five variants generated more hydrogen bonds with surrounding amino acids; hydrogen bond pair D254-I255 preserved in the C-terminus of the variants also contributes to the improved thermostability. Furthermore, the newly formed salt-bridge interaction (R27…E56) in D27R was identified as a crucial determinant for thermostability. (4) Our study discovered that substituting residues from the 25-loop will enhance the stability of the N-terminus and C-terminus simultaneously, restrict the most flexible regions of TLL, and result in improved thermostability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Enheng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Diao Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yin Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lirong Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shuang He
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Nanyu Han
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ong SN, Kamarudin NHA, Shariff FM, Noor NDM, Ali MSM, Rahman RNZRA. Effects of alcohol concentration and temperature on the dynamics and stability of mutant Staphylococcal lipase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37968883 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2282177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The stability and activity of lipase in organic media are important parameters in determining how quickly biocatalysis proceeds. This study aimed to examine the effects of two commonly used alcohols in industrial applications, methanol (MtOH) and ethanol (EtOH) on the conformational stability and catalytic activity of G210C lipase, a laboratory-evolved mutant of Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2 lipase. Simulation studies were performed using an open-form predicted structure under 30, 40 and 50% of MtOH and EtOH at 25 °C and 45 °C. The overall enzyme structure becomes more flexible with increasing concentration of MtOH and exhibited the highest flexibility in 40% EtOH. In EtOH, the movement of the lid was found to be temperature-dependent with a noticeable shift in the lid position at 45 °C. Lid opening was evidenced at 50% of MtOH and EtOH which was supported by the increase in SASA of hydrophobic residues of the lid and catalytic triad. The active site remained mostly intact. An open-closed lid transition was observed when the structure was re-simulated in water. Experimental evaluation of the lipase stability showed that the half-life reduced when the enzyme was treated with 40% (v/v) and 50% (v/v) of EtOH and MtOH respectively. The finding implies that a high concentration of alcohol and elevated temperature can induce the lid opening of lipase which could be essential for the activation of the enzyme, provided that the catalytic performance in the active site is not compromised.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shir Nee Ong
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Ahmad Kamarudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science of Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Dina Muhd Noor
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Madubuike H, Ferry N. Enhanced Activity and Stability of an Acetyl Xylan Esterase in Hydrophilic Alcohols through Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Molecules 2023; 28:7393. [PMID: 37959811 PMCID: PMC10647838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current demands for the development of suitable biocatalysts showing high process performance is stimulated by the need to replace current chemical synthesis with cleaner alternatives. A drawback to the use of biocatalysts for unique applications is their low performance in industrial conditions. Hence, enzymes with improved performance are needed to achieve innovative and sustainable biocatalysis. In this study, we report the improved performance of an engineered acetyl xylan esterase (BaAXE) in a hydrophilic organic solvent. The structure of BaAXE was partitioned into a substrate-binding region and a solvent-affecting region. Using a rational design approach, charged residues were introduced at protein surfaces in the solvent-affecting region. Two sites present in the solvent-affecting region, A12D and Q143E, were selected for site-directed mutagenesis, which generated the mutants MUT12, MUT143 and MUT12-143. The mutants MUT12 and MUT143 reported lower Km (0.29 mM and 0.27 mM, respectively) compared to the wildtype (0.41 mM). The performance of the mutants in organic solvents was assessed after enzyme incubation in various strengths of alcohols. The mutants showed improved activity and stability compared to the wild type in low strengths of ethanol and methanol. However, the activity of MUT143 was lost in 40% methanol while MUT12 and MUT12-143 retained over 70% residual activity in this environment. Computational analysis links the improved performance of MUT12 and MUT12-143 to novel intermolecular interactions that are absent in MUT143. This work supports the rationale for protein engineering to augment the characteristics of wild-type proteins and provides more insight into the role of charged residues in conferring stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Madubuike
- School of Science Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - Natalie Ferry
- School of Science Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alletto P, Garcia AM, Marchesan S. Short Peptides for Hydrolase Supramolecular Mimicry and Their Potential Applications. Gels 2023; 9:678. [PMID: 37754360 PMCID: PMC10529927 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrolases are enzymes that have found numerous applications in various industrial sectors spanning from pharmaceuticals to foodstuff and beverages, consumers' products such as detergents and personal care, textiles, and even for biodiesel production and environmental bioremediation. Self-assembling and gelling short peptides have been designed for their mimicry so that their supramolecular organization leads to the creation of hydrophobic pockets for catalysis to occur. Catalytic gels of this kind can also find numerous industrial applications to address important global challenges of our time. This concise review focuses on the last 5 years of progress in this fast-paced, popular field of research with an eye towards the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Alletto
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Garcia
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
dos Santos LN, Perna RF, Vieira AC, de Almeida AF, Ferreira NR. Trends in the Use of Lipases: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:3058. [PMID: 37628057 PMCID: PMC10453403 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific mapping using bibliometric data network analysis was applied to analyze research works related to lipases and their industrial applications, evaluating the current state of research, challenges, and opportunities in the use of these biocatalysts, based on the evaluation of a large number of publications on the topic, allowing a comprehensive systematic data analysis, which had not yet been conducted in relation to studies specifically covering lipases and their industrial applications. Thus, studies involving lipase enzymes published from 2018 to 2022 were accessed from the Web of Science database. The extracted records result in the analysis of terms of bibliographic compatibility among the articles, co-occurrence of keywords, and co-citation of journals using the VOSviewer algorithm in the construction of bibliometric maps. This systematic review analysis of 357 documents, including original and review articles, revealed studies inspired by lipase enzymes in the research period, showing that the development of research, together with different areas of knowledge, presents good results related to the applications of lipases, due to information synchronization. Furthermore, this review showed the main challenges in lipase applications regarding increased production and operational stability; establishing well-defined evaluation criteria, such as cultivation conditions, activity, biocatalyst stability, type of support and reactor; thermodynamic studies; reuse cycles; and it can assist in defining goals for the development of successful large-scale applications, showing several points for improvement of future studies on lipase enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucely Nogueira dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Firmani Perna
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Poços de Caldas 37715-400, Brazil; (R.F.P.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Ana Carolina Vieira
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Poços de Caldas 37715-400, Brazil; (R.F.P.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Alex Fernando de Almeida
- Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT-TO), Gurupi 77402-970, Brazil;
| | - Nelson Rosa Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheng W, Nian B. Computer-Aided Lipase Engineering for Improving Their Stability and Activity in the Food Industry: State of the Art. Molecules 2023; 28:5848. [PMID: 37570817 PMCID: PMC10421223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As some of the most widely used biocatalysts, lipases have exhibited extreme advantages in many processes, such as esterification, amidation, and transesterification reactions, which causes them to be widely used in food industrial production. However, natural lipases have drawbacks in terms of organic solvent resistance, thermostability, selectivity, etc., which limits some of their applications in the field of foods. In this systematic review, the application of lipases in various food processes was summarized. Moreover, the general structure of lipases is discussed in-depth, and the engineering strategies that can be used in lipase engineering are also summarized. The protocols of some classical methods are compared and discussed, which can provide some information about how to choose methods of lipase engineering. Thermostability engineering and solvent tolerance engineering are highlighted in this review, and the basic principles for improving thermostability and solvent tolerance are summarized. In the future, comput er-aided technology should be more emphasized in the investigation of the mechanisms of reactions catalyzed by lipases and guide the engineering of lipases. The engineering of lipase tunnels to improve the diffusion of substrates is also a promising prospect for further enhanced lipase activity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Binbin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lipases from different yeast strains: Production and application for n-3 fatty acid enrichment of tuna eyeball oil. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
|
16
|
Rabbani G, Ahmad E, Ahmad A, Khan RH. Structural features, temperature adaptation and industrial applications of microbial lipases from psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic origins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:822-839. [PMID: 36402388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are very prominent biocatalysts because of their ability to catalyze a wide variety of reactions in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Here microbial lipases from different origins (psychrophiles, mesophiles, and thermophiles) have been reviewed. This review emphasizes an update of structural diversity in temperature adaptation and industrial applications, of psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic lipases. The microbial origins of lipases are logically dynamic, proficient, and also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. It is therefore of interest to understand the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to temperature in occurring lipases. However, lipases from extremophiles (psychrophiles, and thermophiles) are widely used to design biotransformation reactions with higher yields, fewer byproducts, or useful side products and have been predicted to catalyze those reactions also, which otherwise are not possible with the mesophilic lipases. Lipases as a multipurpose biological catalyst have given a favorable vision in meeting the needs of several industries such as biodiesel, foods, and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and medicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Rabbani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choudhary P, Bhowmik A, Verma S, Srivastava S, Chakdar H, Saxena AK. Multi-substrate sequential optimization, characterization and immobilization of lipase produced by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida S7. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4555-4569. [PMID: 35974269 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipases are important biocatalysts having the third largest global demand after amylases and proteases. In the present study, we have screened 56 potential lipolytic Pseudomonas strains for their lipolytic activity. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida S7 showed highest lipase production with specific activity of 70 U/mg. Statistical optimizations using Plackett Burman design and response surface methodology evaluated fourteen different media supplements including various oilcakes, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and metal ions which led to a 2.23-fold (156.23 U/mg) increase in lipase activity. Further, inoculum size optimization increased the overall lipase activity by 2.81-folds. The lipase was active over a range of 30-50° C with a pH range (7-10). The enzyme was tolerant to various solvents like chloroform, methanol, 1-butanol, acetonitrile, and dichloromethane and retained 60% of its activity in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.5% w/v). The enzyme was immobilized onto Ca-alginate beads which increased thermal (20-60 °C) and pH stability (5-10). The purified enzyme could successfully remove sesame oil stains and degraded upto 25.2% of diesel contaminated soil. These properties of the lipase will help in its applicability in detergent formulations, wastewater treatments, and biodegradation of oil in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prassan Choudhary
- Microbial Technology Unit-II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, 275103, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Arpan Bhowmik
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shaloo Verma
- Microbial Technology Unit-II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, 275103, India
| | - Shilpi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- Microbial Technology Unit-II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, 275103, India.
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Microbial Technology Unit-II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, 275103, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Henehan GTM, Ryan BJ, Eser BE, Li N, Guo Z, Kinsella GK. Editorial: Green chemistry biocatalysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1158275. [PMID: 36890918 PMCID: PMC9987032 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1158275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gary T M Henehan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry J Ryan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gemma K Kinsella
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang H, Li H, Lee CK, Mat Nanyan NS, Tay GS. Recent Advances in the Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyester. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235059. [PMID: 36501454 PMCID: PMC9740404 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyester is a kind of polymer composed of ester bond-linked polybasic acids and polyol. This type of polymer has a wide range of applications in various industries, such as automotive, furniture, coatings, packaging, and biomedical. The traditional process of synthesizing polyester mainly uses metal catalyst polymerization under high-temperature. This condition may have problems with metal residue and undesired side reactions. As an alternative, enzyme-catalyzed polymerization is evolving rapidly due to the metal-free residue, satisfactory biocompatibility, and mild reaction conditions. This article presented the reaction modes of enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization and enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation and their combinations, respectively. In addition, the article also summarized how lipase-catalyzed the polymerization of polyester, which includes (i) the distinctive features of lipase, (ii) the lipase-catalyzed polymerization and its mechanism, and (iii) the lipase stability under organic solvent and high-temperature conditions. In addition, this article also focused on the advantages and disadvantages of enzyme-catalyzed polyester synthesis under different solvent systems, including organic solvent systems, solvent-free systems, and green solvent systems. The challenges of enzyme optimization and process equipment innovation for further industrialization of enzyme-catalyzed polyester synthesis were also discussed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Tangshan Jinlihai Biodiesel Co. Ltd., Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Noreen Suliani Mat Nanyan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Guan Seng Tay
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nicolás P, Lassalle VL, Ferreira ML. Evaluation of biocatalytic pathways in the synthesis of polyesters: Towards a greener production of surgical sutures. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nicolás
- Catalysis group PLAPIQUI‐UNS‐CONICET Bahía Blanca Argentina
- Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - Verónica L. Lassalle
- Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca Argentina
- Applied Hybrid Nanomaterials group INQUISUR‐UNS‐CONICET Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - María L. Ferreira
- Catalysis group PLAPIQUI‐UNS‐CONICET Bahía Blanca Argentina
- Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Miele M, Pillari V, Pace V, Alcántara AR, de Gonzalo G. Application of Biobased Solvents in Asymmetric Catalysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196701. [PMID: 36235236 PMCID: PMC9570574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The necessity of more sustainable conditions that follow the twelve principles of Green Chemistry have pushed researchers to the development of novel reagents, catalysts and solvents for greener asymmetric methodologies. Solvents are in general a fundamental part for developing organic processes, as well as for the separation and purification of the reaction products. By this reason, in the last years, the application of the so-called green solvents has emerged as a useful alternative to the classical organic solvents. These solvents must present some properties, such as a low vapor pressure and toxicity, high boiling point and biodegradability, and must be obtained from renewable sources. In the present revision, the recent application of these biobased solvents in the synthesis of optically active compounds employing different catalytic methodologies, including biocatalysis, organocatalysis and metal catalysis, will be analyzed to provide a novel tool for carrying out more ecofriendly organic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Veronica Pillari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (A.R.A.); (G.d.G.); Tel.: +39-011-6707934 (V.P.); +34-913941821 (A.R.A.); +34-955420802 (G.d.G.)
| | - Andrés R. Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (A.R.A.); (G.d.G.); Tel.: +39-011-6707934 (V.P.); +34-913941821 (A.R.A.); +34-955420802 (G.d.G.)
| | - Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Seville, c/ Profesor García González 1, 41014 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (A.R.A.); (G.d.G.); Tel.: +39-011-6707934 (V.P.); +34-913941821 (A.R.A.); +34-955420802 (G.d.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Lipases are efficient enzymes with promising applications in the nutraceutical and food industry, as they can offer high yields, pure products under achievable reaction conditions, and are an environmentally friendly option. This review addresses the production of high-value-added compounds such as fatty acid esters, with the potential to be used as flavoring agents or antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, as well as structured lipids that offer specific functional properties that do not exist in nature, with important applications in different food products, and pharmaceuticals. In addition, the most recent successful cases of reactions with lipases to produce modified compounds for food and nutraceuticals are reported.
Collapse
|
23
|
Priyanka P, Kinsella GK, Henehan GT, Ryan BJ. Listeria monocytogenes is a solvent tolerant organism secreting a solvent stable lipase: potential biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1139-1147. [PMID: 36006575 PMCID: PMC9481501 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The emerging biobased economy will require robust, adaptable, organisms for the production and processing of biomaterials as well as for bioremediation. Recently, the search for solvent tolerant organisms and solvent tolerant enzymes has intensified. Resilient organisms secreting solvent stable lipases are of particular interest for biotechnological applications. Methods Screening of soil samples for lipase-producing organisms was carried out on Rhodamine B plates. The most productive lipase-producing organisms were further screened for their resistance to solvents commonly used in biotechnological applications. Results In the course of screening, one of the isolated organisms that exhibited extracellular lipase activity, was identified as the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes through 16S rRNA sequencing. Further exploration revealed that this organism was resistant to solvents ranging from log P − 0.81 to 4.0. Moreover, in the presence of these solvents, L. monocytogenes secreted an extracellular, solvent tolerant, lipase activity. This lipase retained approximately 80% activity when incubated in 30% (v/v) methanol for 24 h. Conclusion These findings identify L. monocytogenes as a potentially useful organism for biotechnological applications. However, the fact that Listeria is a pathogen is problematic and it will require the use of non-pathogenic or attenuated Listeria strains for practical applications. Nonetheless, the ability to adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions, to grow at low temperatures, to resist solvents and to secrete an extracellular solvent tolerant lipase are unique and highly useful characteristics. The potential application of L. monocytogenes in wastewater bioremediation and plastics degradation is discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10529-022-03284-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Priyanka
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 ADY7, Ireland
| | - Gemma K Kinsella
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 ADY7, Ireland.
| | - Gary T Henehan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 ADY7, Ireland
| | - Barry J Ryan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 ADY7, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Different Effects of Salt Bridges near the Active Site of Cold-Adapted Proteus mirabilis Lipase on Thermal and Organic Solvent Stabilities. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solvent-tolerant (OST) enzymes have been discovered in psychrophiles. Cold-adapted OST enzymes exhibit increased conformational flexibility in polar organic solvents resulting from their intrinsically flexible structures. Proteus mirabilis lipase (PML), a cold-adapted OST lipase, was used to assess the contribution of salt bridges near the active site involving two arginine residues (R237 and R241) on the helix η1 and an aspartate residue (D248) on the connecting loop to the thermal and organic solvent stabilities of PML. Alanine substitutions for the ion pairs (R237A, R241A, D248A, and R237A/D248A) increased the conformational flexibility of PML mutants compared to that of the wild-type PML in an aqueous buffer. The PML mutants became more susceptible to denaturation after increasing the dimethyl sulfoxide or methanol concentration than after a temperature increase. Methanol was more detrimental to the structural stability of PML compared to dimethyl sulfoxide. These results suggest that direct interactions of dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol with the residues near the active site can have a destructive effect on the structure of PML compared with the global effect of heat on the protein structure. This study provides insight into the conformational changes within an OST enzyme with different effects on its thermal and organic solvent stabilities.
Collapse
|
25
|
Haq NU, Liaquat M, Alharby HF, Alzahrani YM, Alghamdi SA, Alharbi BM, Alabdallah NM, Saud S, Ahmed M, Sayyed RZ, Fahad S. Optimization and Purification of Terpenyl Flavor Esters Catalyzed by Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Seedling Lipase in Organic Media. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.915602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geranyl butyrate and citronellyl butyrate esters are industrially important fruity flavors that are being used in food and as a fragrance in cosmetics. Previously terpenyl fruity flavors have been successfully synthesized in organic solvents using crude seedlings enzymes. The purpose of the current study was to standardize reaction parameters for the optimal synthesis of geranyl butyrate using the best chosen black cumin seedling lipase in an organic medium through direct esterification reactions. Geranyl butyrate and citronellyl butyrate esters were identified, quantified through gas chromatography, confirmed through GC-MS, and partiallypurified through the distillation process. Effect of organic solvents (acetonitrile, n-hexane, pentane, heptane, and toluene), alcohol and acid concentrations (0.125–0.3 M), temperature (20–50°C), incubation time (1–72 h), and enzyme concentrations (0.05–0.3 g) were studied on the synthesis of geranyl butyrate using black cumin seedling lipase. The highest conversion yields of ester (96%) were obtained when 0.25 M of geraniol and butyric acid were reacted at 37°C for 48 h in the presence of 0.25 g of crude seedling lipase enzyme in n-hexane. It was concluded that the germinated black cumin seedling lipase proved to be the best among the selected biocatalysts for the synthesis of geranyl butyrate in n-hexane.
Collapse
|
26
|
Noro J, Cavaco-Paulo A, Silva C. Chemical modification of lipases: A powerful tool for activity improvement. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100523. [PMID: 35544709 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The demand for adequate and ecologically acceptable procedures to produce the most differentiated products has been growing in recent decades, with enzymes being excellent examples of the advances achieved so far. Lipases are astonishing catalysts with a vast range of applications including the synthesis of esters, flavours, biodiesel, and polymers. The broad specificity of the substrates, as well as the regio-, stereo-, and enantioselectivity, are the differentiating factors of these enzymes. Structural modification is a current approach to enhance the activity of lipases. Chemical modification of lipases to improve catalytic performance is of great interest considering the increasingly broad fields of application. Together with the physical immobilization onto solid supports, different strategies have been developed to produce catalysts with higher activity and stability. In this review, practical insights into the different strategies developed in recent years regarding the modification of lipases are described. For the first time, the impact of the modifications on the activity and stability of lipases, as well as on the biotechnological applications, is fully compiled. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Noro
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen G, Khan IM, He W, Li Y, Jin P, Campanella OH, Zhang H, Huo Y, Chen Y, Yang H, Miao M. Rebuilding the lid region from conformational and dynamic features to engineering applications of lipase in foods: Current status and future prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2688-2714. [PMID: 35470946 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The applications of lipases in esterification, amidation, and transesterification have broadened their potential in the production of fine compounds with high cumulative values. Mostly, the catalytic triad of lipases is covered by either one or two mobile peptides called the "lid" that control the substrate channel to the catalytic center. The lid holds unique conformational allostery via interfacial activation to regulate the dynamics and catalytic functions of lipases, thereby highlighting its importance in redesigning these enzymes for industrial applications. The structural characteristic of lipase, the dynamics of lids, and the roles of lid in lipase catalysis were summarized, providing opportunities for rebuilding lid region by biotechniques (e.g., metagenomic technology and protein engineering) and enzyme immobilization. The review focused on the advantages and disadvantages of strategies rebuilding the lid region. The main shortcomings of biotechnologies on lid rebuilding were discussed such as negative effects on lipase (e.g., a decrease of activity). Additionally, the main shortcomings (e.g., enzyme desorption at high temperatre) in immobilization on hydrophobic supports via interfacial action were presented. Solutions to the mentioned problems were proposed by combinations of computational design with biotechnologies, and improvements of lipase immobilization (e.g., immobilization protocols and support design). Finally, the review provides future perspectives about designing hyperfunctional lipases as biocatalysts in the food industry based on lid conformation and dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Imran Mahmood Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wensen He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Osvaldo H Campanella
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Haihua Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Huo
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Huqing Yang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sánchez-Barrionuevo L, Mateos J, Fernández-Puente P, Begines P, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Gutiérrez G, Cánovas D, Mellado E. Identification of an acetyl esterase in the supernatant of the environmental strain Bacillus sp. HR21-6. Biochimie 2022; 198:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
29
|
Farihan Afnan Mohd Rozi M, Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman R, Thean Chor Leow A, Shukuri Mohamad Ali M. Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction of Ancient Lipase from Family I.3 Bacterial Lipolytic Enzymes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 168:107381. [PMID: 34968679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Family I.3 lipase is distinguished from other families by the amino acid sequence and secretion mechanism. Little is known about the evolutionary process driving these differences. This study attempt to understand how the diverse temperature stabilities of bacterial lipases from family I.3 evolved. To achieve that, eighty-three protein sequences sharing a minimum 30% sequence identity with Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. AMS8 lipase were used to infer phylogenetic tree. Using ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) technique, the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) sequence of family I.3 was reconstructed. A gene encoding LUCA was synthesized, cloned and expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli system. Insoluble form of LUCA was refolded using urea dilution method and then purified using affinity chromatography. The purified LUCA exhibited an optimum temperature and pH at 70℃ and 10 respectively. Various metal ions increased or retained the activity of LUCA. LUCA also demonstrated tolerance towards various organic solvents in 25% v/v concentration. The finding from this study could support the understanding on temperature and environment during ancient time. In overall, reconstructed ancestral enzymes have improved physicochemical properties that make them suitable for industrial applications and ASR technique can be employed as a general technique for enzyme engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Farihan Afnan Mohd Rozi
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre (EMTech), Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre (EMTech), Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adam Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre (EMTech), Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre (EMTech), Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A lipase/poly (ionic liquid)-styrene microspheres/PVA composite hydrogel for esterification application. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 152:109935. [PMID: 34749020 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are particularly attractive as biocatalysts for the green synthesis of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. However, the traditional enzyme purification and separation process is complex and inefficient, which limits the wide application of enzyme catalysis. In this paper, an efficient strategy for enzyme purification and immobilization in one step is proposed. A novel poly (ionic liquid)-styrene microsphere is prepared by molecular design and synthesis for adsorbing and purifying high activity lipase from fermentation broth directly. By optimizing the surface morphologies and charge of the microspheres, the enzyme loading is significantly improved. In order to further stabilize the catalytic environment of lipase, the resulting lipase/poly (ionic liquid)-styrene microspheres are immobilized in physical crosslinking hydrogel to obtain a complex lipase catalytic system, which can be prepared into various shapes according to the requirements of catalytic environment. In the actual catalytic reaction process, this complex lipase catalytic system exhibits excellent catalytic activity (6314.69 ± 21.27 U mg-1) and good harsh environment tolerance compared with the lipase fermentation broth (1672.87 ± 36.68 U mg-1). Under the condition of cyclic catalysis, the complex lipase catalytic system shows the outstanding reusability (After 8 cycles the enzymatic activity is still higher than that of the lipase fermentation broth) and is easily separated from the products.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lu Y, Ye K, Zhu L, Cai X, Yang S, Li J, Jiang R, Fan Y, Chen X. Synthesis of a series of validoxylamine A esters and their biological activities. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5109-5119. [PMID: 34240541 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide reduction in food production due to pests and diseases is still an important challenge facing today. Validoxylamine A (VAA) is a natural polyhydroxyl compound derived from validamycin, acting as an efficient trehalase inhibitor with insecticidal and antifungal activities. To extend the application and discover green pesticide, a series of ester derivatives were prepared based on VAA as a lead compound. Their biological activities were investigated against three typically agricultural disease, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Aphis craccivora. RESULTS This study involved 30 novel validoxylamine A fatty acid esters (VAFAEs) synthesized by Novozym 435 and they were characterized with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR). Of these 30 derivatives, most compounds showed improved antifungal activity, and 12 novel compounds showed improved insecticidal activity. When reacted with pentadecanoic acid, compound 14 showed the highest inhibitory activity against R. solani [median effective concentration (EC50 ) 0.01 μmol L-1 ], while the EC50 value of VAA was 34.99 μmol L-1 . Furthermore, 21 novel VAFAEs showed higher inhibitory activity against S. sclerotiorum. Validoxylamine A oleic acid ester, compound 21, exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against A. craccivora [median lethal concentration (LC50 ) 39.63 μmol L-1 ], while the LC50 value of Pymetrozine was 50.45 μmol L-1 , a commercialized pesticide against A. craccivora. CONCLUSION Combining our results, esterification of VAA by introducing different acyl donors was beneficial for the development of new eco-friendly drugs in the field of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuele Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linjing Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruini Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxian Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xiao Y, Liu YD, Yuan G, Mao RQ, Li G. An uncharacterized protein from the metagenome with no obvious homology to known lipases shows excellent alkaline lipase properties and potential applications in the detergent industry. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2311-2325. [PMID: 34698972 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel lipase, Lip486, which has no obvious homology with known lipases, was discovered using functional metagenomics technology. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that the enzyme belongs to a new subfamily called lipolytic enzyme family II. To explore the enzymatic properties, lip486 was expressed heterologously and efficiently in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme displayed the highest activity on the substrate p-nitrophenyl caprate with a carbon chain length of 10, and its optimum temperature and pH were 53 °C and 8.0, respectively. The recombinant Lip486 showed good activity and stability in strong alkaline and medium-low-temperature environments. The results of compatibility and soaking tests showed that the enzyme had good compatibility with 4 kinds of commercial detergents, and an appropriate soaking time could further improve the enzyme activity. Oil stain removal test results for a cotton cloth indicated that the washing performance of commercial laundry detergent supplemented with Lip486 was further improved. In addition, as one of the smallest lipases found to date, Lip486 also has the advantages of high yield, good stability and easy molecular modification. These characteristics reflect the good application prospects for Lip486 in the detergent and other industries in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-De Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Adetunji AI, Olaniran AO. Production strategies and biotechnological relevance of microbial lipases: a review. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1257-1269. [PMID: 33904151 PMCID: PMC8324693 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of lipids into long-chain fatty acids and glycerol in oil-water interface. In addition, they catalyze broad spectrum of bioconversion reactions including esterification, inter-esterification, among others in non-aqueous and micro-aqueous milieu. Lipases are universally produced from plants, animals, and microorganisms. However, lipases from microbial origin are mostly preferred owing to their lower production costs, ease of genetic manipulation etc. The secretion of these biocatalysts by microorganisms is influenced by nutritional and physicochemical parameters. Optimization of the bioprocess parameters enhanced lipase production. In addition, microbial lipases have gained intensified attention for a wide range of applications in food, detergent, and cosmetics industries as well as in environmental bioremediation. This review provides insights into strategies for production of microbial lipases for potential biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke Isiaka Adetunji
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Ademola Olufolahan Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, Republic of South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Park JE, Jeong GS, Lee HW, Kim H. Molecular Characterization of Novel Family IV and VIII Esterases from a Compost Metagenomic Library. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081614. [PMID: 34442693 PMCID: PMC8399190 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel esterase genes, est8L and est13L, were isolated and identified from a compost metagenomic library. The encoded Est8L and Est13L had molecular masses of 33,181 and 44,913 Da consisting of 314 and 411 amino acids, respectively, without signal peptides. Est8L showed the highest identity (32.9%) to a hyper-thermophilic carboxylesterase AFEST from Archaeoglobus fulgidus compared to other esterases reported and was classified to be a novel member of family IV esterases with conserved regions such as HGGG, DY, GXSXG, DPL, and GXIH. Est13L showed the highest identity (98.5%) to the family VIII esterase Est7K from the metagenome library. Est8L and Est13L had the highest activities for p-nitrophenyl butyrate (C4) and p-nitrophenyl caproate (C6), respectively, and Est13L showed a broad substrate specificity for p-nitrophenyl substrates. Est8L and Est13L effectively hydrolyzed glyceryl tributyrate. The optimum temperatures for activities of Est8L and Est13L were identical (40 °C), and the optimum pH values were 9.0 and 10.0, respectively. Est13L showed higher thermostability than Est8L. Sephacryl S-200 HR chromatography showed that the native form of Est8L was a dimer. Interestingly, Est13L was found to be a tetramer, contrary to other family VIII esterases reported. Est8L was inhibited by 30% isopropanol, methanol, and acetonitrile; however, Est13L was activated to 182.9% and 356.1%, respectively, by 30% isopropanol and methanol. Est8L showed enantioselectivity for the S-form, but Est13L showed no enantioselectivity. These results show that intracellular Est8L and/or Est13L are oligomeric in terms of native forms and can be used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications with organic solvents under alkaline conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hoon Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-617503751
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Characterization of a Novel Family IV Esterase Containing a Predicted CzcO Domain and a Family V Esterase with Broad Substrate Specificity from an Oil-Polluted Mud Flat Metagenomic Library. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two novel esterase genes, est2L and est4L, were identified from a previously constructed metagenomic library derived from an oil-polluted mud flat sample. The encoded Est2L and Est4L were composed of 839 and 267 amino acids, respectively, without signal peptides. Est2L was a unique fusion type of protein composed of two domains: a domain of the CzcO superfamily, associated with a cationic diffusion promoter with CzcD, and a domain of the acetylesterase superfamily, belonging to family IV with conserved motifs, such as HGG, GXSAG, and GXPP. Est2L was the first fused esterase with a CzcO domain. Est4L belonged to family V with GXS, GXSMGG, and PTL motifs. Native Est2L and Est4L were found to be in dimeric and tetrameric forms, respectively. Est2L and Est4L showed the highest activities at 60 °C and 50 °C, respectively, and at a pH of 10.0. Est2L preferred short length substrates, especially p-nitrophenyl (pNP)-acetate, with moderate butyrylcholinesterase activity, whereas Est4L showed the highest activity with pNP-decanoate and had broad specificity. Significant effects were not observed in Est2L from Co2+ and Zn2+, although Est2L contains the domain CzcD. Est2L and Est4L showed high stabilities in 30% methanol and 1% Triton X-100. These enzymes could be used for a variety of applications, such as detergent and mining processing under alkaline conditions.
Collapse
|
36
|
Structure and Dynamics of an Archeal Monoglyceride Lipase from Palaeococcus ferrophilus as Revealed by Crystallography and In Silico Analysis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040533. [PMID: 33916727 PMCID: PMC8065475 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystallographic analysis of a lipase from Palaeococcus ferrophilus (PFL) previously annotated as a lysophospholipase revealed high structural conservation with other monoglyceride lipases, in particular in the lid domain and substrate binding pockets. In agreement with this observation, PFL was shown to be active on various monoacylglycerols. Molecular Dynamics (MD) studies performed in the absence and in the presence of ligands further allowed characterization of the dynamics of this system and led to a systematic closure of the lid compared to the crystal structure. However, the presence of ligands in the acyl-binding pocket stabilizes intermediate conformations compared to the crystal and totally closed structures. Several lid-stabilizing or closure elements were highlighted, i.e., hydrogen bonds between Ser117 and Ile204 or Asn142 and its facing amino acid lid residues, as well as Phe123. Thus, based on this complementary crystallographic and MD approach, we suggest that the crystal structure reported herein represents an open conformation, at least partially, of the PFL, which is likely stabilized by the ligand, and it brings to light several key structural features prone to participate in the closure of the lid.
Collapse
|
37
|
Characterization of EstDR4, a Novel Cold-Adapted Insecticides-Metabolizing Esterase from Deinococcus radiodurans. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cold-adapted esterases are attracting increasing attention owing to their prospective use in biotechnology. In this study, a novel cold-adapted family Ⅳ esterase EstDR4 was identified and obtained from extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans). EstDR4 displayed significant substrate preference towards short and medium chain monoesters (C2–C12). It also showed regioselectivity, enantioselectivity and degradation effects on four insecticides. The optimum temperature and pH for EstDR4 activity were 30 °C and pH 8, respectively. Additionally, EstDR4 exhibited relatively high catalytic activity at 0 °C and high stability from 10–40 °C, with over 80% of its initial activity retained after 1 h of incubation. Moreover, EstDR4 activity was stimulated by Tween 80 and Triton X-100, and inhibited by metal ions such as Co2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ and several organic solvents. Thus, this enzyme shows development potential for many industrial biotechnological applications, including the manufacture of thermolabile pharmaceutical products, cold-wash detergents and insecticide biodegradation.
Collapse
|
38
|
Cold Active Lipases: Biocatalytic Tools for Greener Technology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2245-2266. [PMID: 33544363 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the ester bond hydrolysis in triglycerides with the release of fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides, and glycerol. The microbial lipases account for $400 million market size in 2017 and it is expected to reach $590 million by 2023. Many biotechnological processes are expedited at high temperatures and hence much research is dealt with thermostable enzymes. Cold active lipases are now gaining importance in the detergent, synthesis of chiral intermediates and frail/fragile compounds, and food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, they consume less energy since they are active at low temperatures. These cold active lipases have not been commercially exploited so far compared to mesophilic and thermophilc lipases. Cold active lipases are distributed in microbes found at low temperatures. Only a few microbes were studied for the production of these enzymes. These cold-adapted enzymes show increased flexibility of their structures in response to freezing effect of the cold habitats. This review presents an update on cold-active lipases from microbial sources along with some structural features justifying high enzyme activity at low temperature. In addition, recent achievements on their use in various industries will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chang X, Wu S, Chen J, Xiong S, Wang P, Shi X, Wang A, Wang B. Characterization of a carboxylesterase with hyper-thermostability and alkali-stability from Streptomyces lividans TK24. Extremophiles 2021; 25:115-128. [PMID: 33515353 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-021-01215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A gene (estA', 804 bp) from Streptomyces lividans TK24 was artificially synthesized and successfully overexpressed as a 6His-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli. It encoded a carboxylesterase (EstA) that composed of 267 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 28.56 kDa. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that EstA has typical characteristics of esterases, including a catalytic triad (Ser93-Asp194-His224) and a conserved pentapeptide motif (Gly91-Leu92-Ser93-Met94-Gly95). Simultaneously, phylogenetic analysis indicated that EstA belongs to family VI. Biochemical characterization displayed its optimum enzyme activity was at 55 ℃ and pH 8.5. Additionally, EstA exhibited higher activity towards short carbon substrates and showed the outstanding catalytic efficiency for pNPA2 with kcat/Km of 2296.14 ± 10.35 s-1 mM-1. Notably, EstA has hyper-thermostability and good alkali stability. The activity of EstA did not change obviously when incubated at 50 and 100 ℃ for 337 and 1 h, independently. Besides, by incubating at 100 ℃ for 6 h, EstA remained about half of its initial activity. Moreover, EstA showed stability at pH ranging from 8.0 to 11.0, and about 90% residual enzyme activity was reserved by being treated at pH 8.0 or 9.0 for 80 h, especially. Such multiple features prepare EstA for a potential candidate in the field of biological catalysis of some industrial applications under harsh conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases and Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases and Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases and Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Shengqi Xiong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases and Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases and Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xueqin Shi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases and Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Ao Wang
- College of Physical Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Baojuan Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases and Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Microbiota profiling and screening of the lipase active halotolerant yeasts of the olive brine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:23. [PMID: 33428003 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Searching for novel enzymes that could be active in organic solvents has become an area of interest in recent years. Olive brine naturally provides a suitable environment for the survival of halophilic and acidophilic microorganisms and the resulting genome is thought to be a gene source for determining the halophilic and acidophilic proteins that are active in a non-aqueous organic solvent medium, and so it has been used in several biotechnological and industrial applications. In this study, microbial analysis of natural, cracked green olive brine from the southern region of Turkey has been made by next-generation sequencing of the brine metagenome for the first time in the literature. The number of reads assigned to fungal operational taxonomic units was the highest percentage (73.04%) with the dominant representation of Ascomycota phylum (99% of fungi). Bacterial OTU was 3.56% of the reads and Proteobacteria phylum was 65% of the reads. The lipase production capacity of the yeasts that were grown on the media containing elevated concentrations of NaCl (1-3 M) was determined on a Rhodamine B-including medium. Molecular identification of the selected yeasts was performed and 90% of sequenced yeasts had a high level of similarity with Candida diddensiae, whereas 10% showed similarity to Candida boidinii. The hydrolytic lipase activities using olive oil were analyzed and both yeasts showed cell-bound lipase activity at pH 3.0.
Collapse
|
41
|
Study on the Extraction Technology of Candida antarctica Lipase B by Foam Separation. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) has a wide range of applications in many fields. In this study, Pichia pastoris was used to express CALB for fermentation tank culture. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a surfactant, and foam separation technology was used to explore the best experimental conditions for the harvest of CALB. The results showed that the optimal technological conditions for the foam separation and recovery of CALB were as follows: liquid volume was 150 mL, separating gas velocity was 600 mL/min, pH value was 7, and surfactant SDS concentration was 0.5 mg/mL. Under these conditions, the enrichment ratio of CALB was 0.95, and recovery rate R was 80.32%, respectively, indicating that the foam separation technology is feasible to extract lipase B.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sankar S, Ponnuraj K. Less explored plant lipases: Modeling and molecular dynamics simulations of plant lipases in different solvents and temperatures to understand structure-function relationship. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3546-3558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
43
|
Patinios C, Lanza L, Corino I, Franssen MCR, Van der Oost J, Weusthuis RA, Kengen SWM. Eat1-Like Alcohol Acyl Transferases From Yeasts Have High Alcoholysis and Thiolysis Activity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:579844. [PMID: 33193208 PMCID: PMC7658179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esters are important flavor and fragrance compounds that are present in many food and beverage products. Many of these esters are produced by yeasts and bacteria during fermentation. While ester production in yeasts through the alcohol acyl transferase reaction has been thoroughly investigated, ester production through alcoholysis has been completely neglected. Here, we further analyze the catalytic capacity of the yeast Eat1 enzyme and demonstrate that it also has alcoholysis and thiolysis activities. Eat1 can perform alcoholysis in an aqueous environment in vitro, accepting a wide range of alcohols (C2-C10) but only a small range of acyl donors (C2-C4). We show that alcoholysis occurs in vivo in several Crabtree negative yeast species but also in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that overexpress Eat1 homologs. The alcoholysis activity of Eat1 was also used to upgrade ethyl esters to butyl esters in vivo by overexpressing Eat1 in Clostridium beijerinckii. Approximately 17 mM of butyl acetate and 0.3 mM of butyl butyrate could be produced following our approach. Remarkably, the in vitro alcoholysis activity is 445 times higher than the previously described alcohol acyl transferase activity. Thus, alcoholysis is likely to affect the ester generation, both quantitatively and qualitatively, in food and beverage production processes. Moreover, mastering the alcoholysis activity of Eat1 may give rise to the production of novel food and beverage products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Patinios
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lucrezia Lanza
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Inge Corino
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maurice C. R. Franssen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - John Van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruud A. Weusthuis
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Servé W. M. Kengen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Multi-Combilipases: Co-Immobilizing Lipases with Very Different Stabilities Combining Immobilization via Interfacial Activation and Ion Exchange. The Reuse of the Most Stable Co-Immobilized Enzymes after Inactivation of the Least Stable Ones. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipases A and B from Candida antarctica (CALA and CALB), Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) or Rhizomucor miehei (RML), and the commercial and artificial phospholipase Lecitase ultra (LEU) may be co-immobilized on octyl agarose beads. However, LEU and RML became almost fully inactivated under conditions where CALA, CALB and TLL retained full activity. This means that, to have a five components co-immobilized combi-lipase, we should discard 3 fully active and immobilized enzymes when the other two enzymes are inactivated. To solve this situation, CALA, CALB and TLL have been co-immobilized on octyl-vinyl sulfone agarose beads, coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and the least stable enzymes, RML and LEU have been co-immobilized over these immobilized enzymes. The coating with PEI is even favorable for the activity of the immobilized enzymes. It was checked that RML and LEU could be released from the enzyme-PEI coated biocatalyst, although this also produced some release of the PEI. That way, a protocol was developed to co-immobilize the five enzymes, in a way that the most stable could be reused after the inactivation of the least stable ones. After RML and LEU inactivation, the combi-biocatalysts were incubated in 0.5 M of ammonium sulfate to release the inactivated enzymes, incubated again with PEI and a new RML and LEU batch could be immobilized, maintaining the activity of the three most stable enzymes for at least five cycles of incubation at pH 7.0 and 60 °C for 3 h, incubation on ammonium sulfate, incubation in PEI and co-immobilization of new enzymes. The effect of the order of co-immobilization of the different enzymes on the co-immobilized biocatalyst activity was also investigated using different substrates, finding that when the most active enzyme versus one substrate was immobilized first (nearer to the surface of the particle), the activity was higher than when this enzyme was co-immobilized last (nearer to the particle core).
Collapse
|
45
|
Kurtovic I, Nalder TD, Cleaver H, Marshall SN. Immobilisation of Candida rugosa lipase on a highly hydrophobic support: A stable immobilised lipase suitable for non-aqueous synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00535. [PMID: 33088731 PMCID: PMC7566202 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipase from Candida rugosa (CrL) was immobilised on highly hydrophobic, octadecyl methacrylate resin (Lifetech™ ECR8806M) via interfacial adsorption. The aim was to produce a stable biocatalyst suitable for use in a range of lipid-modifying reactions. Immobilisation was carried out in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) over 24 h at 21 °C. High protein binding of 58.7 ± 4.9 mg/g dry support accounted for ∼53 % of the applied protein. The activity recovery against tributyrin was 74.0 ± 1.1 %. The specific activity of immobilised CrL against tributyrin was considerably higher than that of Novozym® 435, at 1.79 ± 0.05 and 1.08 ± 0.04 U/mg bound protein, respectively. Incubation with high concentrations (10 % w/v) of both Triton X-100 and SDS resulted in only a small reduction in immobilised lipase activity. Solvent-free synthesis of glycerides by the FFA-saturated immobilised CrL was successful over 6 reaction cycles, with no apparent loss of activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kurtovic
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Tim D Nalder
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, 3216, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Cleaver
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Susan N Marshall
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Biocatalysis at Extreme Temperatures: Enantioselective Synthesis of both Enantiomers of Mandelic Acid by Transesterification Catalyzed by a Thermophilic Lipase in Ionic Liquids at 120 °C. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biocatalysts in organic chemistry for catalyzing chemo-, regio- and stereoselective transformations has become an usual tool in the last years, both at lab and industrial scale. This is not only because of their exquisite precision, but also due to the inherent increase in the process sustainability. Nevertheless, most of the interesting industrial reactions involve water-insoluble substrates, so the use of (generally not green) organic solvents is generally required. Although lipases are capable of maintaining their catalytic precision working in those solvents, reactions are usually very slow and consequently not very appropriate for industrial purposes. Increasing reaction temperature would accelerate the reaction rate, but this should require the use of lipases from thermophiles, which tend to be more enantioselective at lower temperatures, as they are more rigid than those from mesophiles. Therefore, the ideal scenario would require a thermophilic lipase capable of retaining high enantioselectivity at high temperatures. In this paper, we describe the use of lipase from Geobacillus thermocatenolatus as catalyst in the ethanolysis of racemic 2-(butyryloxy)-2-phenylacetic to furnish both enantiomers of mandelic acid, an useful intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs and active products. The catalytic performance at high temperature in a conventional organic solvent (isooctane) and four imidazolium-based ionic liquids was assessed. The best results were obtained using 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (EMIMPF6) at temperatures as high as 120 °C, observing in both cases very fast and enantioselective kinetic resolutions, respectively leading exclusively to the (S) or to the (R)-enantiomer of mandelic acid, depending on the anion component of the ionic liquid.
Collapse
|
47
|
Elhussiny NI, Khattab AENA, El-Refai HA, Mohamed SS, Shetaia YM, Amin HA. Biotransesterification capabilities of Mucorales whole-cell lipase isolates and mutants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
48
|
Chandra P, Enespa, Singh R, Arora PK. Microbial lipases and their industrial applications: a comprehensive review. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:169. [PMID: 32847584 PMCID: PMC7449042 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are very versatile enzymes, and produced the attention of the several industrial processes. Lipase can be achieved from several sources, animal, vegetable, and microbiological. The uses of microbial lipase market is estimated to be USD 425.0 Million in 2018 and it is projected to reach USD 590.2 Million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2018. Microbial lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. The microbial origins of lipase enzymes are logically dynamic and proficient also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. The unique lipase (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase) enzymes catalyzed the hydrolysis, esterification and alcoholysis reactions. Immobilization has made the use of microbial lipases accomplish its best performance and hence suitable for several reactions and need to enhance aroma to the immobilization processes. Immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization technique and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier concerns usually the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy rejuvenation and reusability, as well as cost proficiency. Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Pseudomonos spp., of bacteria and Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., of fungi are screened large scale for lipase production. Lipases as multipurpose biological catalyst has given a favorable vision in meeting the needs for several industries such as biodiesel, foods and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals and medicals. This review represents a discussion on microbial sources of lipases, immobilization methods increased productivity at market profitability and reduce logistical liability on the environment and user.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prem Chandra
- Food Microbiology & Toxicology, Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Enespa
- Department of Plant Pathology, School for Agriculture, SMPDC, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007 U.P. India
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Enhanced Triacylglycerol Metabolism Contributes to Efficient Oil Utilization and High-Level Production of Salinomycin in Streptomyces albus ZD11. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00763-20. [PMID: 32532869 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00763-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces is well known for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities. Although oils have been employed as carbon sources to produce polyketide antibiotics for several industrial Streptomyces strains, the intrinsic correlation between oil utilization and high production of antibiotics still remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the correlation between oil metabolism and salinomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces albus ZD11, which employs soybean oil as the main carbon source. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the enrichment of genes related to triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism in S. albus ZD11. Transcriptomic profiling further confirmed the enhancement of TAG metabolism and acyl coenzyme A biosynthesis in S. albus ZD11. Multiple secreted lipases, which catalyze TAG hydrolysis, were seen to be working in a synergistic and complementary manner in aiding the efficient and stable hydrolyzation of TAGs. Together, our results suggest that enhanced TAG hydrolysis and fatty acid degradation contribute to the high efficiency of oil utilization in S. albus ZD11 in order to provide abundant carbon precursors for cell growth and salinomycin biosynthesis.IMPORTANCE In order to obtain high-level production of antibiotics, oils have been used as the main carbon source for some Streptomyces strains. Based on multiomics analysis, this study provides insight into the relationship between triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism and antibiotic biosynthesis in S. albus ZD11, an oil-preferring industrial Streptomyces strain. Our investigation into TAG hydrolysis yielded further evidence that this strain utilizes complicated strategies enabling an efficient TAG metabolism. In addition, a novel secreted lipase was identified that exhibited highly hydrolytic activity for medium- and long-chain TAGs. Our findings represent a good start toward clarifying the complicated relationship between TAG catabolism and high-level antibiotic production in the industrial strains.
Collapse
|
50
|
One Pot Use of Combilipases for Full Modification of Oils and Fats: Multifunctional and Heterogeneous Substrates. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are among the most utilized enzymes in biocatalysis. In many instances, the main reason for their use is their high specificity or selectivity. However, when full modification of a multifunctional and heterogeneous substrate is pursued, enzyme selectivity and specificity become a problem. This is the case of hydrolysis of oils and fats to produce free fatty acids or their alcoholysis to produce biodiesel, which can be considered cascade reactions. In these cases, to the original heterogeneity of the substrate, the presence of intermediate products, such as diglycerides or monoglycerides, can be an additional drawback. Using these heterogeneous substrates, enzyme specificity can promote that some substrates (initial substrates or intermediate products) may not be recognized as such (in the worst case scenario they may be acting as inhibitors) by the enzyme, causing yields and reaction rates to drop. To solve this situation, a mixture of lipases with different specificity, selectivity and differently affected by the reaction conditions can offer much better results than the use of a single lipase exhibiting a very high initial activity or even the best global reaction course. This mixture of lipases from different sources has been called “combilipases” and is becoming increasingly popular. They include the use of liquid lipase formulations or immobilized lipases. In some instances, the lipases have been coimmobilized. Some discussion is offered regarding the problems that this coimmobilization may give rise to, and some strategies to solve some of these problems are proposed. The use of combilipases in the future may be extended to other processes and enzymes.
Collapse
|