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Choi J, Kim Y, Eser BE, Han J. Theoretical study on the glycosidic C-C bond cleavage of 3''-oxo-puerarin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16282. [PMID: 37770535 PMCID: PMC10539306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, daidzein C-glucoside, was known to be biotransformed to daidzein by human intestinal bacteria, which is eventually converted to (S)-equol. The metabolic pathway of puerarin to daidzein by DgpABC of Dorea sp. PUE strain was reported as puerarin (1) → 3''-oxo-puerarin (2) → daidzein (3) + hexose enediolone (C). The second reaction is the cleavage of the glycosidic C-C bond, supposedly through the quinoid intermediate (4). In this work, the glycosidic C-C bond cleavage reaction of 3''-oxo-puerarin (2) was theoretically studied by means of DFT calculation to elucidate chemical reaction mechanism, along with biochemical energetics of puerarin metabolism. It was found that bioenergetics of puerarin metabolism is slightly endergonic by 4.99 kcal/mol, mainly due to the reaction step of hexose enediolone (C) to 3''-oxo-glucose (A). The result implied that there could be additional biochemical reactions for the metabolism of hexose enediolone (C) to overcome the thermodynamic energy barrier of 4.59 kcal/mol. The computational study focused on the C-C bond cleavage of 3''-oxo-puerarin (2) found that formation of the quinoid intermediate (4) was not accessible thermodynamically, rather the reaction was initiated by the deprotonation of 2''C-H proton of 3''-oxo-puerarin (2). The 2''C-dehydro-3''-oxo-puerarin (2a2C) anionic species produced hexose enediolone (C) and 8-dehydro-daidzein anion (3a8), and the latter quickly converted to daidzein through the daidzein anion (3a7). Our study also explains why the reverse reaction of C-glycoside formation from daidzein (3) and hexose enediolone (C) is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkeun Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, 113, Sukgol-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22100, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jaehong Han
- Metalloenzyme Research Group, Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Zong L, Zhang Y, Shao Z, Ljubic A, Jacobsen C, Gao R, Eser BE, Wang Y, Guo Z. Selective and Sustainable Production of Sub-terminal Hydroxy Fatty Acids by a Self-Sufficient CYP102 Enzyme from Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300368. [PMID: 37406107 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydroxylation of fatty acids by Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) offers an eco-friendly route to hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), high-value oleochemicals with various applications in materials industry and with potential as bioactive compounds. However, instability and poor regioselectivity of CYPs are their main drawbacks. A newly discovered self-sufficient CYP102 enzyme, BAMF0695 from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7, exhibits preference for hydroxylation of sub-terminal positions (ω-1, ω-2, and ω-3) of fatty acids. Our studies show that BAMF0695 has a broad temperature optimum (over 70 % of maximal enzymatic activity retained between 20 to 50 °C) and is highly thermostable (T50 >50 °C), affording excellent adaptive compatibility for bioprocesses. We further demonstrate that BAMF0695 can utilize renewable microalgae lipid as a substrate feedstock for HFA production. Moreover, through extensive site-directed and site-saturation mutagenesis, we isolated variants with high regioselectivity, a rare property for CYPs that usually generate complex regioisomer mixtures. BAMF0695 mutants were able to generate a single HFA regiosiomer (ω-1 or ω-2) with selectivities from 75 % up to 91 %, using C12 to C18 fatty acids. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of a recent CYP and its variants for sustainable and green production of high-value HFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zhengkang Shao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Anita Ljubic
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Current address: AGC Biologics, Vandtårnsvej 83, 2860, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Renjun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yingwu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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Zhang Y, Plesner TJ, Ouyang Y, Zheng YC, Bouhier E, Berentzen EI, Zhang M, Zhou P, Zimmermann W, Andersen GR, Eser BE, Guo Z. Computer-aided discovery of a novel thermophilic laccase for low-density polyethylene degradation. J Hazard Mater 2023; 458:131986. [PMID: 37413797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) and industrial dyes are recalcitrant pollutants calling for the development of sustainable solutions for their degradation. Laccases have been explored for removal of contaminants and pollutants, including dye decolorization and plastic degradation. Here, a novel thermophilic laccase from PE-degrading Lysinibaccillus fusiformis (LfLAC3) was identified through a computer-aided and activity-based screening. Biochemical studies of LfLAC3 indicated its high robustness and catalytic promiscuity. Dye decolorization experiments showed that LfLAC3 was able to degrade all the tested dyes with decolorization percentage from 39% to 70% without the use of a mediator. LfLAC3 was also demonstrated to degrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films after eight weeks of incubation with either crude cell lysate or purified enzyme. The formation of a variety of functional groups was detected using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Damage on the surfaces of PE films was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The potential catalytic mechanism of LfLAC3 was disclosed by structure and substrate-binding modes analysis. These findings demonstrated that LfLAC3 is a promiscuous enzyme that has promising potential for dye decolorization and PE degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thea Jess Plesner
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yi Ouyang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yu-Cong Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Etienne Bouhier
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Technology of Compiegne, Compiegne, France
| | | | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gregers Rom Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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Mi HTN, Chaiyasarn S, Eser BE, Tan SRS, Burapan S, Han J. Correction for Mi et al., "Allyl Aryl Ether Cleavage by Blautia sp. MRG-PMF1 Cocorrinoid O-Demethylase". Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0007223. [PMID: 36715536 PMCID: PMC10101052 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00072-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Henehan GTM, Ryan BJ, Eser BE, Li N, Guo Z, Kinsella GK. Editorial: Green chemistry biocatalysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1158275. [PMID: 36890918 PMCID: PMC9987032 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1158275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gary T M Henehan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry J Ryan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gemma K Kinsella
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Chanquia SN, Benfeldt FV, Petrovai N, Santner P, Hollmann F, Eser BE, Kara S. Immobilization and Application of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200482. [PMID: 36222011 PMCID: PMC10099500 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2017, the fatty acid decarboxylase (FAP) photoenzyme has been the focus of extensive research, given its ability to convert fatty acids into alka(e)nes using merely visible blue light. Unfortunately, there are still some drawbacks that limit the applicability of this biocatalyst, such as poor solubility of the substrates in aqueous media, poor photostability, and the impossibility of reusing the catalyst for several cycles. In this work, we demonstrate the use of FAP in non-conventional media as a free enzyme and an immobilized preparation. Namely, its applicability in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and a proof-of-concept immobilization using a commercial His-tag selective carrier, a thorough study of reaction and immobilization conditions in each case, as well as reusability studies are shown. We observed an almost complete selectivity of the enzyme towards C18 decarboxylation over C16 when used in a DES, with a product analytical yield up to 81 % when using whole cells. Furthermore, when applying the immobilized enzyme in DES, we obtained yields >10-fold higher than the ones obtained in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Nahuel Chanquia
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frederik Vig Benfeldt
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Noémi Petrovai
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paul Santner
- Enzyme Engineering Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Enzyme Engineering Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Zhang Y, Pedersen JN, Eser BE, Guo Z. Biodegradation of polyethylene and polystyrene: From microbial deterioration to enzyme discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:107991. [PMID: 35654281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The global production of plastics has continuously been soaring over the last decades due to their extensive use in our daily life and in industries. Although synthetic plastics offer great advantages from packaging to construction and electronics, their low biodegradability induce serious plastic pollution that damage the environment, human health and make irreversible changes in the ecological cycle. In particular, plastics containing only carbon-carbon (C-C) backbone are less susceptible to degradation due to the lack of hydrolysable groups. The representative polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) account for about 40% of the total plastic production. Various chemical and biological processes with great potential have been developed for plastic recycle and reuse, but biodegradation seems to be the most attractive and eco-friendly method to combat this growing environmental problem. In this review, we first summarize the current advances in PE and PS biodegradation, including isolation of microbes and potential degrading enzymes from different sources. Next, the state-of-the-art techniques used for evaluating and monitoring PE and PS degradation, the scientific toolboxes for enzyme discovery as well as the challenges and strategies for plastic biodegradation are intensively discussed. In return, it inspires a further technological exploration in expanding the diversity of species and enzymes, disclosing the essential pathways and developing new approaches to utilize plastic waste as feedstock for recycling and upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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Zhang X, Huang Z, Wang D, Zhang Y, Eser BE, Gu Z, Dai R, Gao R, Guo Z. A new thermophilic extradiol dioxygenase promises biodegradation of catecholic pollutants. J Hazard Mater 2022; 422:126860. [PMID: 34399224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extradiol dioxygenases (EDOs) catalyze the meta cleavage of catechol into 2-hydroxymuconaldehyde, a critical step in the degradation of aromatic compounds in the environment. In the present work, a novel thermophilic extradiol dioxygenase from Thermomonospora curvata DSM43183 was cloned, expressed, and characterized by phylogenetic and biochemical analyses. This enzyme exhibited excellent thermo-tolerance, displaying optimal activity at 50 °C, remaining >40% activity at 70 °C. Structural modeling and molecular docking demonstrated that both active center and pocket-construction loops locate at the C-terminal domain. Site-specific mutants D285A, H205V, F301V based on a rational design were obtained to widen the entrance of substrates; resulting in significantly improved catalytic performance for all the 3 mutants. Compared to the wild-type, the mutant D285A showed remarkably improved activities with respect to the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, catechol, and 3-chlorocatechol, by 17.7, 6.9, and 3.7-fold, respectively. The results thus verified the effectiveness of modeling guided design; and confirmed that the C-terminal loop structure indeed plays a decisive role in determining catalytic ring-opening efficiency and substrate specificity of the enzyme. This study provided a novel thermostable dioxygenase with a broad substrate promiscuity for detoxifying environmental pollutants and provided a new thinking for further enzyme engineering of EDOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Zihao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Zhenyu Gu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Rongrong Dai
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Renjun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
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Zhang Y, Breum NMD, Schubert S, Hashemi N, Kyhnau R, Knauf MS, Mathialakan M, Takeuchi M, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Kristensen P, Guo Z, Eser BE. Semi-rational Engineering of a Promiscuous Fatty Acid Hydratase for Alteration of Regioselectivity. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100606. [PMID: 34929055 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid hydratases (FAHs) catalyze regio- and stereo-selective hydration of unsaturated fatty acids to produce hydroxy fatty acids. Fatty acid hydratase-1 (FA-HY1) from Lactobacillus Acidophilus is the most promiscuous and regiodiverse FAH identified so far. Here, we engineered binding site residues of FA-HY1 (S393, S395, S218 and P380) by semi-rational protein engineering to alter regioselectivity. Although it was not possible to obtain a completely new type of regioselectivity with our mutant libraries, a significant shift of regioselectivity was observed towards cis-5, cis-8, cis-11, cis-14, cis-17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). We identified mutants (S393/S395 mutants) with excellent regioselectivity, generating a single hydroxy fatty acid product from EPA (15-OH product), which is advantageous from application perspective. This result is impressive given that wild-type FA-HY1 produces a mixture of 12-OH and 15-OH products at 63 : 37 ratio (12-OH : 15-OH). Moreover, our results indicate that native FA-HY1 is at its limit in terms of promiscuity and regiospecificity, thus it may not be possible to diversify its product portfolio with active site engineering. This behavior of FA-HY1 is unlike its orthologue, fatty acid hydratase-2 (FA-HY2; 58 % sequence identity to FA-HY1), which has been shown earlier to exhibit significant promiscuity and regioselectivity changes by a few active site mutations. Our reverse engineering from FA-HY1 to FA-HY2 further demonstrates this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sune Schubert
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Negin Hashemi
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Kyhnau
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marius Sandholt Knauf
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Masuthan Mathialakan
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michiki Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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Santner P, Szabó LK, Chanquia SN, Merrild AH, Hollmann F, Kara S, Eser BE. Optimization and Engineering of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase for Substrate Specificity. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Santner
- Enzyme Engineering Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 DK 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - László Krisztián Szabó
- Enzyme Engineering Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 DK 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Santiago Nahuel Chanquia
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 DK 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Aske Høj Merrild
- Enzyme Engineering Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 DK 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 DK 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Enzyme Engineering Group Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 DK 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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Zhang Y, Eser BE, Kougioumtzoglou G, Eser Z, Poborsky M, Kishino S, Takeuchi M, Ogawa J, Kristensen P, Guo Z. Effects of the engineering of a single binding pocket residue on specificity and regioselectivity of hydratases from Lactobacillus Acidophilus. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhang Y, Eser BE, Guo Z. A Bi-Enzymatic Cascade Pathway towards Optically Pure FAHFAs*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2146-2153. [PMID: 33792147 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently discovered endogenous mammalian lipids, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), have been proved to have anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Due to their extremely low abundancies in vivo, forging a feasible scenario for FAHFA synthesis is critical for their use in uncovering biological mechanisms or in clinical trials. Here, we showcase a fully enzymatic approach, a novel in vitro bi-enzymatic cascade system, enabling an effective conversion of nature-abundant fatty acids into FAHFAs. Two hydratases from Lactobacillus acidophilus were used for converting unsaturated fatty acids to various enantiomeric hydroxy fatty acids, followed by esterification with another fatty acid catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase A (CALA). Various FAHFAs were synthesized in a semi-preparative scale using this bi-enzymatic approach in a one-pot two-step operation mode. In all, we demonstrate that the hydratase-CALA system offers a promising route for the synthesis of optically pure structure-diverse FAHFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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Zong L, Gao R, Guo Z, Shao Z, Wang Y, Eser BE. Characterization and modification of two self-sufficient CYP102 family enzymes from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7 with distinct regioselectivity towards fatty acid hydroxylation. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Burapan S, Kim M, Paisooksantivatana Y, Eser BE, Han J. Thai Curcuma Species: Antioxidant and Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091219. [PMID: 32887356 PMCID: PMC7555267 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the functional food applications, antioxidant properties and the bioactive compounds of the 23 Curcuma species commercially cultivated in Thailand were studied. Total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. The concentrations of eight bioactive compounds, including curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), bisdemethoxycurcumin (3), 1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (4), germacrone (5), furanodienone (6), zederone (7), and ar-turmerone (8), were determined from the Curcuma by HPLC. While the total phenolic content of C. longa was highest (22.3 ± 2.4 mg GAE/g, mg of gallic acid equivalents), C. Wan Na-Natong exhibited the highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical scavenging activity. Twenty-three Curcuma species showed characteristic distributions of the bioactive compounds, which can be utilized for the identification and authentication of the cultivated Curcuma species. C. longa contained the highest content of curcumin (1) (304.9 ± 0.1 mg/g) and C. angustifolia contained the highest content of germacrone (5) (373.9 ± 1.1 mg/g). It was noteworthy that 1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (4) was found only from C. comosa at a very high concentration (300.7 ± 1.4 mg/g). It was concluded that Thai Curcuma species have a great potential for the application of functional foods and ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Burapan
- Metalloenzyme Research Group and Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
| | - Mihyang Kim
- Phytobean, AC. Ltd., Pori 2-gil 16-5, Gamcheon-myeon, Yechon 36810, Korea;
| | | | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Jaehong Han
- Metalloenzyme Research Group and Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-4830
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Eser BE, Poborsky M, Dai R, Kishino S, Ljubic A, Takeuchi M, Jacobsen C, Ogawa J, Kristensen P, Guo Z. Rational Engineering of Hydratase from
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Reveals Critical Residues Directing Substrate Specificity and Regioselectivity. Chembiochem 2019; 21:550-563. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of EngineeringAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Michal Poborsky
- Department of EngineeringAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Rongrong Dai
- Department of EngineeringAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Anita Ljubic
- Division of Food Technology, National Food InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet, Building 202 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Michiki Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- Division of Food Technology, National Food InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet, Building 202 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceDepartment of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg University Frederik Bayers Vej 7H 9220 Aalborg Denmark
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of EngineeringAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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Ak S, Gürses SA, Eser BE. [Effect of cigarette smoke extract on phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by macrophages]. MIKROBIYOL BUL 2016; 50:205-14. [PMID: 27175493 DOI: 10.5578/mb.25278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogen that causes community acquired and nosocomial infections worldwide. Phagocytosis by macrophages plays an important role in the first line defense against infections caused by S.aureus. On the other hand, the conducted studies have indicated that cigarette smoke has negative effects on both innate and acquired immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke on macrophage viability and their capacity of S.aureus phagocytosis. For this purpose THP-1 cell lines (human leukemic monocyte cell culture) were used and after the differentiation of the cells with PMA (phorbol myristate acetate) treatment, the macrophages were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 2- and 4-hours at concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50%. Afterwards, the cells were stained with propidium iodide and the viability of the cells was analyzed by a flow cytometer. Two different methods were used to investigate the effect of CSE on the phagocytosis of S.aureus. The first one was the classical bacteriological method, in which macrophages were exposed to CSE for 2 hours in five different concentrations and were infected with 100 MOI (multiplicity of infection) S.aureus. After 1 hour of incubation, macrophages were lysed with PBS-0.1% Triton X-100 and plated on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar following serial dilutions. Newly formed colonies were counted and the number of bacteria phagocytosed were evaluated as colony forming units (CFU). The second method for the detection of phagocytosis was flow cytometric analysis in which SYBR(®) Green-labeled bacteria were used. To confirm that the macrophages were infected, bacteria were stained with SYBR(®) Green and macrophages were analyzed following infection via flow cytometry. Macrophages were exposed to 10% and 50% CSE and infected with bacteria stained with SYBR(®) Green. The level of phagocytosis was analyzed by flow cytometry in terms of median fluorescence intensity. Macrophage death rate was 24% and 30% following 2-hour exposure to 25% and 50% CSE, respectively, while 4-hour exposure increased death rate to 38% and 51%, respectively (p< 0.001). At 10% and higher concentrations of CSE, cell death increased with an average of 1.5-fold between 2- and 4-hour exposures (p< 0.05). Macrophages were successfully infected (99.8%) with SYBR(®) Green-stained S.aureus. Phagocytosis of S.aureus by macrophages decreased significantly upon exposure to 10% or more CSE concentrations (p< 0.0001). Median fluorescence intensity, which indicates phagocytosed bacterial cell number, decreased with no statistical significance when macrophages exposed to 10% and 50% CSE were infected with SYBR(®) Green-stained S.aureus. The results of this study revealed that, macrophage viability and phagocytosis of S.aureus were reduced depending on CSE concentration and time of exposure. In addition, it was shown that, SYBR(®) Green dye is a proper stain for the flow cytometric analysis of bacteria that were phagocytosed by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Ak
- Zirve University EBN School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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