1
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Li M, Jiang S, Wang T, Wang H, Xing L, Li H, Sun Y, Guo X. Clonal integration benefits Calystegia soldanella in heterogeneous habitats. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae028. [PMID: 38854500 PMCID: PMC11161862 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Land-use change and tourism development have seriously threatened the ecosystems of coastal protection forests and beaches. Light and nutrients are spatially heterogeneously distributed between the two ecosystems. Clonal plants, such as Calystegia soldanella, which play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological stability of coastal habitats, are likely to encounter diverse environments. In this study, we investigated clonal integration and the division of labour in C. soldanella under heterogeneous (high nutrient and low light [HNLL]; low nutrient and high light [LNHL]) and homogeneous habitats. We cultivated pairs of connected and severed ramets of C. soldanella in these environments. Our results showed the total biomass (TB) of connected ramets was higher than that of severed ramets in heterogeneous environments, suggesting clonal integration enhances growth in heterogeneous habitats. The root shoot ratio was significantly lower in HNLL than in LNHL conditions for connected ramets, demonstrating a division of labour in growth under heterogeneous conditions. However, parameters of clonal propagation of C. soldanella did not significantly differ between connected and severed ramets in heterogeneous environments, indicating no division of labour in clonal propagation. In homogeneous environments, the growth of C. soldanella did not benefit from clonal integration. Connected ramets in heterogeneous habitats exhibited higher TB than in homogeneous habitats. The TB of one ramet in HNLL was consistently higher than that in LNHL, irrespective of ramet's states, which suggests that high soil nutrients may enhance the growth. We conclude that C. soldanella has the capability of clonal integration to achieve high biomass in heterogeneous but not in homogeneous conditions, and the establishment of coastal protection forests (high nutrient and low light) may foster the growth of C. soldanella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Xing
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Haimei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yingkun Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
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2
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Zhang XM, He LX, Xiao X, Lei JP, Tang M, Lei NF, Yu FH, Chen JS. Clonal integration benefits an invader in heterogeneous environments with reciprocal patchiness of resources, but not its native congener. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1080674. [PMID: 36531348 PMCID: PMC9751628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1080674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many of the world's most invasive plants are clonal, and clonal functional traits are suggested to contribute to their invasiveness. Clonal integration is one of the most important clonal functional traits, but it is still unclear whether clonal integration can benefit invasive alien clonal plants more than native ones in heterogeneous environments with reciprocal patchiness of resources and whether invasive plants show a higher capacity of division of labor than native ones in such environments. We grew connected (allowing clonal integration) and disconnected (preventing clonal integration) ramet pairs of an invasive plant Wedelia trilobata and its occurring native congener W. chinensis in the environment consisting of reciprocal patches of light and soil nutrients (i.e., a high-light but low-nutrient patch and a low-light but high-nutrient patch). Clonal integration greatly promoted the growth of the invasive species, but had no significant effect on the native one. Both invasive and native species showed division of labor in terms of morphology, biomass allocation, and/or photosynthetic physiology, but the capacity of labor division did not differ between the invasive and the native species. We conclude that in heterogeneous environments consisting of reciprocal patches of resources, which are common in nature, clonal integration can confer invasive plants a competitive advantage over natives, but this difference is not related to their capacity of labor division. This study highlights the importance of clonal integration for plants in heterogeneous environments and suggests that clonal integration can contribute to the invasion success of alien clonal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Xuan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Pin Lei
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ning-Fei Lei
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jin-Song Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Wang J, Xu T, Wang Y, Li G, Abdullah I, Zhong Z, Liu J, Zhu W, Wang L, Wang D, Yu F. A meta‐analysis of effects of physiological integration in clonal plants under homogeneous vs. heterogeneous environments. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Guangyin Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Iram Abdullah
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Jushan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Wanyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science School of Life Science Northeast Normal University Changchun China
- School of Environment Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration & Ecosystem Management Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Fei‐Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland & Clone Ecology Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China
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4
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Ethnopharmacology, Therapeutic Properties and Nutritional Potentials of Carpobrotus edulis: A Comprehensive Review. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpobrotus edulis, formerly known as Mesembryanthemum edule L, belongs to the Aizoaceae family of plants. It is a facultative halophytic invasive medicinal and edible succulent plant that is native to South Africa and is distributed worldwide. Hitherto, this plant appears to be mainly known for its ornamental use in decorations, soil stabilization, and erosion control, and not for its many potential medicinal and nutritional benefits, thus suggesting its underutilization. This review presents cogent and comprehensive information on the distribution, ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and nutritional value of Carpobrotus edulis and provides the rationale for further pharmacognostic research that will validate its many folkloric medicinal and nutraceutical claims, and promote its standardization into a commercially available product. The reported traditional use of this plant for the treatment of sinusitis, diarrhoea, tuberculosis, infantile eczema, fungal and bacterial infections, oral and vaginal thrush, high blood pressure, diabetes, wound infections, spider and tick bites, sore throat as well as mouth infections are well documented. Its therapeutic activities such as anti-proliferative, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and nutritional value have also been reported to be attributable to the array of phytoconstituents present in the plant. These have promoted renewed research interests into this valuable medicinal plant with a view to repositioning and expanding its uses from the current predominantly ornamental and environmental management role to include phytotherapeutical applications through scientific validation studies that will improve its value for the drug discovery process as well as its contribution to food security.
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5
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Martin FM, Dommanget F, Lavallée F, Evette A. Clonal growth strategies of Reynoutria japonica in response to light, shade, and mowing, and perspectives for management. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.56.47511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many of the most invasive plant species in the world can propagate clonally, suggesting clonality offers advantages that facilitate invasion. Gaining insights into the clonal growth dynamics of invasive plants should thus improve understanding of the mechanisms of their dominance, resilience and expansion. Belonging to the shortlist of the most problematic terrestrial invaders, Reynoutria japonica var. japonica Houtt. (Japanese knotweed) has colonized all five continents, likely facilitated by its impressive ability to propagate vegetatively. However, its clonal growth patterns are surprisingly understudied; we still do not know how individuals respond to key environmental conditions, including light availability and disturbance. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, we designed a mesocosm experiment to observe the morphological variation in R. japonica growth in homogeneous or heterogeneous conditions of light stress (shade) and disturbance (mowing). Rhizome fragments were planted in the middle of large pots between two habitat patches that consisted of either one or a combination of the following three environmental conditions: full light without mowing, full light with frequent mowing, or shade without mowing. At the end of the experiment, biomass and traits related to clonal growth (spacer and rhizome lengths, number of rhizome branches, and number of ramets) were measured. After 14 months, all individuals had survived, even those frequently mowed or growing under heavy shade. We showed that R. japonica adopts a ‘phalanx’ growth form when growing in full light and a ‘guerrilla’ form when entirely shaded. The former is characteristic of a space-occupancy strategy while the latter is more associated with a foraging strategy. In heterogeneous conditions, we also showed that clones seemed to invest preferentially more in favorable habitat patches rather than in unfavorable ones (mowed or shaded), possibly exhibiting an escape strategy. These observations could improve the management of this species, specifically by illustrating how aggressive early control measures must be, by highlighting the importance of repeated mowing of entire stands, as this plant appears to compensate readily to partial mowing, and by informing on its potential responses towards the restoration of a cover of competitive native plants.
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6
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Fenollosa E, Munné-Bosch S. Increased chilling tolerance of the invasive species Carpobrotus edulis may explain its expansion across new territories. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz075. [PMID: 31737274 PMCID: PMC6846103 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants are expanding their geographical distribution across new regions. Expansion modeling is crucial for geographic prioritization in management policies. However, the assumption of niche conservatism and the lack of information of the species physiological response to the environmental factors determining species presence may hinder predictions. In this study, we aimed to understand the expansion of the widely distributed plant Carpobrotus edulis in Europe. We contrasted introduced and native C. edulis ecological niches and explored the experimental response to temperature, a major determining factor for species distribution, of native and invasive individuals in terms of different biochemical markers. Niche analysis revealed an expansion of the introduced niche to occupy colder climates. Introduced and native individuals showed differential mechanisms facing low temperatures. Individuals from the native range showed an increased sensitivity to chilling, as reflected by photosynthetic pigment degradation, increased de-epoxidation of xanthophylls and the accumulation of the lipophilic antioxidant alpha-tocopherol. The found physiological differentiation towards an increased invasive chilling tolerance of invasive C. edulis individuals together with a high propagule pressure may explain the introduced climatic niche shift to colder climates observed, allowing the extensive expansion of this species in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erola Fenollosa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Xi DG, You WH, Hu AA, Huang P, Du DL. Developmentally Programmed Division of Labor in the Aquatic Invader Alternanthera philoxeroides Under Homogeneous Soil Nutrients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:485. [PMID: 31057587 PMCID: PMC6477181 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Clonal traits can contribute to plant invasiveness, but little is known about the roles of division of labor (a key clonal trait) in homogeneous habitats. The hypothesis tested is that clonal integration allows division of labor and increases the overall performance of an invasive clonal plant, especially under higher soil nutrients. Clonal fragment pairs of aquatic invader Alternanthera philoxeroides (each with four ramets and a stolon apex) were grown in two homogenous habitats with high or low soil nutrient supply, and with stolon connections being either severed (clonal integration prevented) or kept intact (clonal integration allowed). Results showed that stolon connection allowed the division of labor within the clonal fragment, with basal ramets specializing in acquisition of belowground resources and apical ramets specializing in acquisition of aboveground expansion. Moreover, the capacity for division of labor was greater, which brought the clonal fragments of A. philoxeroides stronger clonal propagation and better performance in high nutrient habitats than in low nutrient habitats. The results supported our hypotheses that the developmentally programmed division of labor may facilitate the clonal expansion of this aggressive invader in some homogeneous habitats with high resource availability.
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8
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Rodríguez J, Calbi M, Roiloa SR, González L. Herbivory induced non-local responses of the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis are not mediated by clonal integration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1041-1050. [PMID: 29758857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic displacement of species around the world results in new environmental situations where native and exotic species coexist. Exotic plants have to face native herbivores, and interactions between introduced plants and native herbivores seem to play an important role in the invasiveness of some exotic plant species. We studied the role of clonal integration in induce morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses in the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis against the attack of the native snail Theba pisana. Our results demonstrated the presence of labour division mediated by physiological integration, with a significant increase of photosynthesis potential (both at morphological and physiological) in un-attacked integrated ramets. This response could be especially important under herbivory, as the negative impact of T. pisana on the photosynthetic structures of attacked C. edulis ramets could be buffered by transferring the dependence of photosynthetic activity to the un-attacked ramets. Our results also showed a constitutive resistance in un-attacked apical ramets, showing a similar amount of defence compounds to those exhibited in the basal branches attacked by snails. Results reported a non-local compensatory response, which there was an increase of total biomass in apical ramets when their basal ramets were attacked by the herbivore. We interpret this result as a compensatory response, with these apical ramets increasing shoot biomass to compensate for the biomass loss due to a potential attack from herbivores. However, this non-local response was not mediated by physiological integration but probably due to belowground communication, with the presence of alarm signals released by root exudates. We conclude that the attack of this snail is not enough to be a possible biological control due to the compensatory response to this snail by C. edulis, favouring their expansion. Future studies should focus on unravelling the role of belowground communication in the defensive responses of C. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Rodríguez
- Plant Ecophysiology Group, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; ECOEVO Lab, E. E. Forestal, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Mariasole Calbi
- Plant Ecophysiology Group, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sergio R Roiloa
- BioCost Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - Luís González
- Plant Ecophysiology Group, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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9
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Fenollosa E, Munné-Bosch S, Pintó-Marijuan M. Contrasting phenotypic plasticity in the photoprotective strategies of the invasive species Carpobrotus edulis and the coexisting native species Crithmum maritimum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:185-200. [PMID: 28058723 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotective strategies vary greatly within the plant kingdom and reflect a plant's physiological status and capacity to cope with environment variations. The plasticity and intensity of these responses may determine plant success. Invasive species are reported to show increased vigor to displace native species. Describing the mechanisms that confer such vigor is essential to understanding the success of invasive species. We performed an experiment whereby two species were monitored: Carpobrotus edulis, an aggressive invasive species in the Mediterranean basin, and Crithmum maritimum, a coexisting native species in the Cap de Creus Natural Park (NE Spain). We analyzed their photoprotective responses to seasonal environmental dynamics by comparing the capacity of the invader to respond to the local environmental stresses throughout the year. Our study analyses ecophysiological markers and photoprotective strategies to gain an insight into the success of invaders. We found that both species showed completely different but effective photoprotective strategies: in summer, C. edulis took special advantage of the xanthophyll cycle, whereas the success of C. maritimum in summer stemmed from morphological changes and alterations on β-carotene content. Winter also presented differences between the species, as the native showed reduced Fv /Fm ratios. Our experimental design allowed us to introduce a new approach to compare phenotypic plasticity: the integrated phenotypic plasticity index (PPint ), defined as the maximum Euclidian distance between phenotypes, using a combination of different variables to describe them. This index revealed significantly greater phenotypic plasticity in the invasive species compared to the native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erola Fenollosa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pintó-Marijuan
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Don’t leave me behind: viability of vegetative propagules of the clonal invasive Carpobrotus edulis and implications for plant management. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Effects of clonal integration on the invasive clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides under heterogeneous and homogeneous water availability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29767. [PMID: 27416868 PMCID: PMC4945919 DOI: 10.1038/srep29767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many notorious invasive plants are clonal, living in heterogeneous or homogeneous habitats. To understand how clonal integration affects the performance of these plants in different habitat conditions, an 8-week greenhouse experiment was conducted: ramet pairs of A. philoxeroides were grown in two habitats, either heterogeneous or homogeneous in water availability, with the stolon connections either severed or kept intact. Under heterogeneous water availability, compared with ramets in homogeneous habitats, clonal integration significantly promoted the growth and photosynthetic performance of water-stressed apical ramets, whereas it only increased the photosynthetic performance but did not affect the growth of water-stressed basal ramets. Moreover, clonal integration markedly increased the root/shoot ratios of ramets grown in habitats with high water supply but decreased it under low water availability. Under homogeneous water availability, stolon connection (clonal integration) did not influence the growth, photosynthetic performance and biomass allocation of water-stressed ramets, but it significantly promoted the growth of well-watered ramets in both apical and basal sections. These findings deepen our understanding of the bidirectional and differentiated (mainly acropetal) clonal integration of A. philoxeroides, suggesting that the invasive plant A. philoxeroides can benefit from clonal integration in both heterogeneous and homogeneous habitats.
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12
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Fenollosa E, Roach DA, Munné-Bosch S. Death and Plasticity in Clones Influence Invasion Success. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:551-553. [PMID: 27262351 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although invasion processes have been intensely studied, the mechanisms underlying the success of some invasive clonal species remain a mystery. Using the specific example of Carpobrotus edulis, we illustrate how invasion success can be facilitated by a unique spatiotemporal regulation of growth and senescence of plant parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erola Fenollosa
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah A Roach
- Department of Biology, Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Lechuga-Lago Y, Sixto-Ruiz M, Roiloa SR, González L. Clonal integration facilitates the colonization of drought environments by plant invaders. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw023. [PMID: 27154623 PMCID: PMC4925925 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasion represents one of the main threats for biodiversity conservation at the global scale. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the process of biological invasions is a crucial objective in the prediction of scenarios of future invasions and the mitigation of their impacts. In this sense, some plant attributes might better explain the success of invasive plant species than others. Recently, clonal growth has been identified as an attribute that could contribute to the invasiveness of plants. In this experiment, we aim to determine the effect of physiological integration (one of the most striking attributes associated with clonal growth) in the performance (at morphological and physiological levels) of the aggressive invader Carpobrotus edulis, when occupying stressful environments. To achieve this objective we performed a greenhouse experiment in which apical ramets of C. edulis were water-stressed and the connection with the basal ramets was either left intact (physiological integration is allowed) or severed (physiological integration is impeded). Our results show that clonal integration allowed apical ramets to buffer drought stress in terms of photochemical activity, and as a consequence, to increase their growth in comparison with severed apical ramets. Interestingly, this increase in biomass was mainly due to the production of aboveground structures, increasing the spread along the soil surface, and consequently having important implications for the colonization success of new environments by this aggressive invader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Lechuga-Lago
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Marta Sixto-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Sergio R Roiloa
- BioCost Group, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - Luís González
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
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14
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Dong BC, Alpert P, Zhang Q, Yu FH. Clonal integration in homogeneous environments increases performance of Alternanthera philoxeroides. Oecologia 2015; 179:393-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Luo FL, Chen Y, Huang L, Wang A, Zhang MX, Yu FH. Shifting effects of physiological integration on performance of a clonal plant during submergence and de-submergence. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 113:1265-74. [PMID: 24723445 PMCID: PMC4030817 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Submergence and de-submergence are common phenomena encountered by riparian plants due to water level fluctuations, but little is known about the role of physiological integration in clonal plants (resource sharing between interconnected ramets) in their adaptation to such events. Using Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) as an example, this study tested the hypotheses that physiological integration will improve growth and photosynthetic capacity of submerged ramets during submergence and will promote their recovery following de-submergence. METHODS Connected clones of A. philoxeroides, each consisting of two ramet systems and a stolon internode connecting them, were grown under control (both ramet systems untreated), half-submerged (one ramet system submerged and the other not submerged), fully submerged (both ramet systems submerged), half-shaded (one ramet system shaded and the other not shaded) and full-shaded (both ramet systems shaded) conditions for 30 d and then de-submerged/de-shaded for 20 d. The submerged plants were also shaded to very low light intensities, mimicking typical conditions in turbid floodwater. KEY RESULTS After 30 d of submergence, connections between submerged and non-submerged ramets significantly increased growth and carbohydrate accumulation of the submerged ramets, but decreased the growth of the non-submerged ramets. After 20 d of de-submergence, connections did not significantly affect the growth of either de-submerged or non-submerged ramets, but de-submerged ramets had high soluble sugar concentrations, suggesting high metabolic activities. The shift from significant effects of integration on both submerged and non-submerged ramets during the submergence period to little effect during the de-submergence period was due to the quick recovery of growth and photosynthesis. The effects of physiological integration were not found to be any stronger under submergence/de-submergence than under shading/de-shading. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that it is not just the beneficial effects of physiological integration that are crucial to the survival of riparian clonal plants during periods of submergence, but also the ability to recover growth and photosynthesis rapidly after de-submergence, which thus allows them to spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Li Luo
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ao Wang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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You W, Fan S, Yu D, Xie D, Liu C. An invasive clonal plant benefits from clonal integration more than a co-occurring native plant in nutrient-patchy and competitive environments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97246. [PMID: 24816849 PMCID: PMC4016286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many notorious invasive plants are clonal, however, little is known about the different roles of clonal integration effects between invasive and native plants. Here, we hypothesize that clonal integration affect growth, photosynthetic performance, biomass allocation and thus competitive ability of invasive and native clonal plants, and invasive clonal plants benefit from clonal integration more than co-occurring native plants in heterogeneous habitats. To test these hypotheses, two stoloniferous clonal plants, Alternanthera philoxeroides (invasive), Jussiaea repens (native) were studied in China. The apical parts of both species were grown either with or without neighboring vegetation and the basal parts without competitors were in nutrient- rich or -poor habitats, with stolon connections were either severed or kept intact. Competition significantly reduced growth and photosynthetic performance of the apical ramets in both species, but not the biomass of neighboring vegetation. Without competition, clonal integration greatly improved the growth and photosynthetic performance of both species, especially when the basal parts were in nutrient-rich habitats. When grown with neighboring vegetation, growth of J. repens and photosynthetic performance of both species were significantly enhanced by clonal integration with the basal parts in both nutrient-rich and -poor habitats, while growth and relative neighbor effect (RNE) of A. philoxeroides were greatly improved by clonal integration only when the basal parts were in nutrient-rich habitats. Moreover, clonal integration increased A. philoxeroides's biomass allocation to roots without competition, but decreased it with competition, especially when the basal ramets were in nutrient-rich sections. Effects of clonal integration on biomass allocation of J. repens was similar to that of A. philoxeroides but with less significance. These results supported our hypothesis that invasive clonal plants A. philoxeroides benefits from clonal integration more than co-occurring native J. repens, suggesting that the invasiveness of A. philoxeroides may be closely related to clonal integration in heterogeneous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua You
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shufeng Fan
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yu
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dong Xie
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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