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Wang S, Li Y, Jiang K, Zhou J, Chen J, Liang J, Ndoni A, Xue H, Ye Z, Bu W. Identifying a potentially invasive population in the native range of a species: The enlightenment from the phylogeography of the yellow spotted stink bug, Erthesina fullo (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108056. [PMID: 38493987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The yellow spotted stink bug (YSSB), Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783) is an important Asian pest that has recently successfully invaded Europe and an excellent material for research on the initial stage of biological invasion. Here, we reported the native evolutionary history, recent invasion history, and potential invasion threats of YSSB for the first time based on population genetic methods [using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) data and mitochondrial COI and CYTB] and ecological niche modelling. The results showed that four lineages (east, west, southwest, and Hainan Island) were established in the native range with a strong east-west differentiation phylogeographical structure, and the violent climate fluctuation might cause population divergence during the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. In addition, land bridges and monsoon promote dispersal and directional genetic exchanging between island populations and neighboring continental populations. The east lineage (EA) was identified as the source of invasion in Albania. EA had the widest geographical distribution among all other lineages, with a star-like haplotype network with the main haplotype as the core. It also had a rapid population expansion history, indicating that the source lineage might have stronger diffusion ability and adaptability. Our findings provided a significant biological basis for fine tracking of invasive source at the lineage or population level and promote early invasion warning of potential invasive species on a much subtler lineage level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Jiayue Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Juhong Chen
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | | | - Huaijun Xue
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Zhen Ye
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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2
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Zhao Z, Carey JR, Li Z. The Global Epidemic of Bactrocera Pests: Mixed-Species Invasions and Risk Assessment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:219-237. [PMID: 37708416 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-012723-102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the past century, the global spread of Bactrocera pests has continued to pose a significant threat to the commercial fruit and vegetable industry, resulting in substantial costs associated with both control measures and quarantine restrictions. The increasing volume of transcontinental trade has contributed to an escalating rate of Bactrocera pest introductions to new regions. To address the worldwide threat posed by this group of pests, we first provide an overview of Bactrocera. We then describe the global epidemic, including border interceptions, species diagnosis, population genetics, geographical expansion, and invasion tracing of Bactrocera pests. We further consider the literature concerning the invasion co-occurrences, life-history flexibility, risk assessment, bridgehead effects, and ongoing implications of invasion recurrences, as well as a case study of Bactrocera invasions of California. Finally, we call for global collaboration to effectively monitor, prevent, and control the ongoing spread of Bactrocera pests and to share experience and knowledge to combat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Zhao
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, ,
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - James R Carey
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, USA,
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, ,
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhao H, Xian X, Yang N, Guo J, Zhao L, Shi J, Liu WX. Risk assessment framework for pine wilt disease: Estimating the introduction pathways and multispecies interactions among the pine wood nematode, its insect vectors, and hosts in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167075. [PMID: 37714356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), a destructive, invasive forest pathogen, poses a serious threat to global pine forest ecosystems. The global invasion of PWN has been described based on three successive phases, introduction, establishment, and dispersal. Risk assessments of the three successive PWN invasion phases can assist in targeted management efforts. Here, we present a risk assessment framework to evaluate the introduction, establishment, and dispersal risks of PWD in China using network analysis, species distribution models, and niche concepts. We found that >88 % of PWN inspection records were from the United States, South Korea, Japan, Germany, and Mexico, and 94 % of interception records were primarily from the Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong, Tianjin, and Zhejiang ports. Based on the nearly current climate, the areas of PWN overlap with its host Pinus species were primarily distributed in southern, eastern, Yangtze River Basin, central, and northeastern China regions. Areas of PWN overlap with its insect vector Monochamus alternatus were primarily distributed in southern, eastern, Yangtze River Basin, central, and northeastern China regions, and those of PWN overlap with the insect vector Monochamus saltuarius were primarily distributed in eastern and northeastern China. The niche between PWN and the insect vector M. alternatus was the most similar (0.68), followed by that between PWN and the insect vector M. saltuarius (0.47). Climate change will increase the suitable probabilities of PWN and its two insect vectors occurring at high latitudes, further increasing their threat to hosts in northeastern China. This risk assessment framework for PWD could be influential in preventing the entry of the PWN and mitigating their establishment and dispersal risks in China. Our study provides substantial clues for developing a framework to improve the risk assessment and surveillance of biological invasions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nianwan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Juan Shi
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wan-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ito A. Global termite methane emissions have been affected by climate and land-use changes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17195. [PMID: 37821639 PMCID: PMC10567709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Termites with symbiotic methanogens are a known source of atmospheric methane (CH4), but large uncertainties remain regarding the flux magnitude. This study estimated global termite CH4 emissions using a framework similar to previous studies but with contemporary datasets and a biogeochemical model. The global termite emission in 2020 was estimated as 14.8 ± 6.7 Tg CH4 year-1, mainly from tropical and subtropical ecosystems, indicating a major natural source from upland regions. Uncertainties associated with estimation methods were assessed. The emission during the historical period 1901-2021 was estimated to have increased gradually (+ 0.7 Tg CH4 year-1) as a result of combined influences of elevated CO2 (via vegetation productivity), climatic warming, and land-use change. Future projections using climate and land-use scenarios (shared socioeconomic pathways [ssp] 126 and 585) also showed increasing trends (+ 0.5 to 5.9 Tg CH4 year-1 by 2100). These results suggest the importance of termite emissions in the global CH4 budget and, thus, in climatic prediction and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ito
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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Bonnamour A, Blake RE, Liebhold AM, Nahrung HF, Roques A, Turner RM, Yamanaka T, Bertelsmeier C. Historical plant introductions predict current insect invasions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221826120. [PMID: 37276425 PMCID: PMC10268304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221826120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of insect species have been introduced outside of their native ranges, and some of them strongly impact ecosystems and human societies. Because a large fraction of insects feed on or are associated with plants, nonnative plants provide habitat and resources for invading insects, thereby facilitating their establishment. Furthermore, plant imports represent one of the main pathways for accidental nonnative insect introductions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that plant invasions precede and promote insect invasions. We found that geographical variation in current nonnative insect flows was best explained by nonnative plant flows dating back to 1900 rather than by more recent plant flows. Interestingly, nonnative plant flows were a better predictor of insect invasions than potentially confounding socioeconomic variables. Based on the observed time lag between plant and insect invasions, we estimated that the global insect invasion debt consists of 3,442 region-level introductions, representing a potential increase of 35% of insect invasions. This debt was most important in the Afrotropics, the Neotropics, and Indomalaya, where we expect a 10 to 20-fold increase in discoveries of new nonnative insect species. Overall, our results highlight the strong link between plant and insect invasions and show that limiting the spread of nonnative plants might be key to preventing future invasions of both plants and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Bonnamour
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew M. Liebhold
- Northern Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Morgantown, WV26505
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helen F. Nahrung
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Buderim, QLD4556, Australia
| | - Alain Roques
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 0633, Zoologie Forestière, 4575Orléans, France
| | - Rebecca M. Turner
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Christchurch8440, New Zealand
| | - Takehiko Yamanaka
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 305-8517Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
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Li Y, Chen J, Wang S, Jiang K, Zhou J, Zhu R, Gao C, Bu W, Xue H. Out of East Asia: Early Warning of the Possible Invasion of the Important Bean Pest Stalk-Eyed Seed Bug Chauliops fallax (Heteroptera: Malcidae: Chauliopinae). INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050433. [PMID: 37233061 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The short stay at the beginning of the invasion process is a critical time for invasive species identification and preventing invasive species from developing a wider distribution and significant economic impact. The stalk-eyed seed bug Chauliops fallax is an important agricultural pest of soybean and was first reported to occur outside East Asia. Here, we reported the native evolutionary history, recent invasion history, and potential invasion threats of C. fallax for the first time based on population genetic methods and ecological niche modelling. The results showed that four native East Asian genetic groups (EA, WE, TL, and XZ) were well supported, showing an east-west differentiation pattern consistent with the geographical characteristics of three-step landforms in China. Two main haplotypes existed: Hap1 might have experienced a rapid northwards expansion process after the LGM period, and Hap5 reflected local adaptation to the environment in southeastern China. The Kashmir sample was found to come from the recent invasion of populations in the coastal areas of southern China. Ecological niche modelling results suggested that North America has a high risk of invasion, which might pose a serious threat to local soybean production. In addition, with future global warming, the suitable habitat in Asia will move towards the higher latitude region and gradually deviate from the soybean planting area, which indicates the threat of C. fallax to soybean production in Asia will decrease in the future. The results could provide new insights into the monitoring and management of this agricultural pest in the early invasion stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Li
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Juhong Chen
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiayue Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Runqi Zhu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cuiqing Gao
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huaijun Xue
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Use of mixed-type data clustering algorithm for characterizing temporal and spatial distribution of biosecurity border detections of terrestrial non-indigenous species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272413. [PMID: 35943971 PMCID: PMC9362945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate inspection protocols and mitigation strategies are a critical component of effective biosecurity measures, enabling implementation of sound management decisions. Statistical models to analyze biosecurity surveillance data are integral to this decision-making process. Our research focuses on analyzing border interception biosecurity data collected from a Class A Nature Reserve, Barrow Island, in Western Australia and the associated covariates describing both spatial and temporal interception patterns. A clustering analysis approach was adopted using a generalization of the popular k-means algorithm appropriate for mixed-type data. The analysis approach compared the efficiency of clustering using only the numerical data, then subsequently including covariates to the clustering. Based on numerical data only, three clusters gave an acceptable fit and provided information about the underlying data characteristics. Incorporation of covariates into the model suggested four distinct clusters dominated by physical location and type of detection. Clustering increases interpretability of complex models and is useful in data mining to highlight patterns to describe underlying processes in biosecurity and other research areas. Availability of more relevant data would greatly improve the model. Based on outcomes from our research we recommend broader use of cluster models in biosecurity data, with testing of these models on more datasets to validate the model choice and identify important explanatory variables.
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Chen J, Gissendanner CR, Tikhe CV, Li HF, Sun Q, Husseneder C. Genomics and Geographic Diversity of Bacteriophages Associated With Endosymbionts in the Guts of Workers and Alates of Coptotermes Species (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.881538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subterranean termites depend nutritionally on their gut microbiota, which includes protozoa as well as taxonomically and functionally diverse bacteria. Our previous metavirome study revealed a high diversity and novel families of bacteriophages in the guts of Coptotermes formosanus workers from New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Two assembled bacteriophage genomes (Phages TG-crAlp-04 and 06, family Podoviridae) existed in all colonies and showed similarity to a prophage (ProJPt-Bp1) previously sequenced from a bacterial endosymbiont (Candidatus Azobacteroides pseudotrichonymphae, CAP) of protozoa in the gut of a termite species of the genus Prorhinotermes from Taiwan. In this study the genomes of Phage TG-crAlp-04 and 06 were subjected to detailed functional annotation. Both phage genomes contained conserved genes for DNA packaging, head and tail morphogenesis, and phage replication. Approximately 30% of the amino acid sequences derived from genes in both genomes matched to those of ProJPt-Bp1 phage or other phages from the crAss-like phage group. No integrase was identified; the lack of a lysogeny module is a characteristic of crAss-like phages. Primers were designed to sequence conserved genes of the two phages and their putative host bacterium (CAP) to detect their presence in different termite species from native and introduced distribution ranges. Related strains of the host bacterium were found across different termite genera and geographic regions. Different termite species had separate CAP strains, but intraspecific geographical variation was low. These results together with the fact that CAP is an important intracellular symbiont of obligate cellulose-digesting protozoa, suggest that CAP is a core gut bacterium and co-evolved across several subterranean termite species. Variants of both crAss-like phages were detected in different Coptotermes species from the native and introduced range, but they did not differentiate by species or geographic region. Since similar phages were detected in different termite species, we propose the existence of a core virome associated with core bacterial endosymbionts of protozoa in the guts of subterranean termites. This work provides a strong basis for further study of the quadripartite relationship of termites, protozoa, bacteria, and bacteriophages.
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Bertelsmeier C. Globalization and the anthropogenic spread of invasive social insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 46:16-23. [PMID: 33545436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Social insects are among the worst invasive species and a better understanding of their anthropogenic spread is needed. I highlight recent research demonstrating that social insects have been dispersed since the early beginnings of globalized trade and in particular after the Industrial Revolution, following two waves of globalization. Many species have complex invasion histories, with multiple independent introduction events and frequent secondary spread. The major source and recipient regions differ markedly across ants, wasps, termites and bees, probably linked to their different introduction pathways. At a more local scale, anthropogenic factors such as irrigation, urbanization or the presence of railways facilitate invasions. In the future, social insect invasions could further accelerate due to intensifying global trade and novel introduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Eyer PA, Blumenfeld AJ, Johnson LNL, Perdereau E, Shults P, Wang S, Dedeine F, Dupont S, Bagnères AG, Vargo EL. Extensive human-mediated jump dispersal within and across the native and introduced ranges of the invasive termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3948-3964. [PMID: 34142394 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As native ranges are often geographically structured, invasive species originating from a single source population only carry a fraction of the genetic diversity present in their native range. The invasion process is thus often associated with a drastic loss of genetic diversity resulting from a founder event. However, the fraction of diversity brought to the invasive range may vary under different invasion histories, increasing with the size of the propagule, the number of reintroduction events, and/or the total genetic diversity represented by the various source populations in a multiple-introduction scenario. In this study, we generated a SNP data set for the invasive termite Reticulitermes flavipes from 23 native populations in the eastern United States and six introduced populations throughout the world. Using population genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation random forest, we investigated its worldwide invasion history. We found a complex invasion pathway with multiple events out of the native range and bridgehead introductions from the introduced population in France. Our data suggest that extensive long-distance jump dispersal appears common in both the native and introduced ranges of this species, probably through human transportation. Overall, our results show that similar to multiple introduction events into the invasive range, admixture in the native range prior to invasion can potentially favour invasion success by increasing the genetic diversity that is later transferred to the introduced range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Eyer
- Department of Entomology, 2143 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Laura N L Johnson
- Department of Entomology, 2143 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | | | - Phillip Shults
- Department of Entomology, 2143 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shichen Wang
- Texas A&M Agrilife Genomics and Bioinformatics Service, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Simon Dupont
- IRBI, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Bagnères
- IRBI, UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edward L Vargo
- Department of Entomology, 2143 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Tseng SP, Boone J, Boone L, King N, Taravati S, Choe DH, Lee CY. Genetic Analysis of Formosan Subterranean Termite (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Populations in California. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1264-1269. [PMID: 33885810 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new infestation of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), was discovered in Canyon Lake, Riverside County, California. We used three mitochondrial DNA (COI, COII, and 16S) and seven polymorphic microsatellite markers to characterize the genetic relationship of the colony with two other colonies that were collected in 1992 and 2018 in La Mesa, San Diego County. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of C. formosanus based on concatenated COI and COII sequences revealed that the two La Mesa populations (CA01 and CA02) and the Canyon Lake population (CA03) were from different maternal lineages. Based on the 14 COII haplotypes of C. formosanus found world-wide, CA01 and CA02 belonged to a haplotype widely distributed across the United States, while CA03 was grouped under a haplotype predominantly found in Asia. Microsatellite allele frequencies across all loci for both La Mesa populations were relatively similar, but significant genetic differences were found between CA02 and CA03 colonies (FST = 0.24; Dest = 0.30; G″ ST = 0.55; P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Tseng
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | | | | | - Natalee King
- Target Speciality Products, Santa Fe Springs, CA
| | | | - Dong-Hwan Choe
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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12
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Shults P, Richardson S, Eyer PA, Chura M, Barreda H, Davis RW, Vargo EL. Area-Wide Elimination of Subterranean Termite Colonies Using a Novaluron Bait. INSECTS 2021; 12:192. [PMID: 33668368 PMCID: PMC7996135 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the use of termite baiting, a proven system of targeted colony elimination, in an overall area-wide control strategy against subterranean termites. At two field sites, we used microsatellite markers to estimate the total number of Reticulitermes colonies, their spatial partitioning, and breeding structure. Termite pressure was recorded for two years before and after the introduction of Trelona® (active ingredient novaluron) to a large area of one of the sites. Roughly 70% of the colonies in the treatment site that were present at the time of baiting were not found in the site within two months after the introduction of novaluron. Feeding activity of the remaining colonies subsequently ceased over time and new invading colonies were unable to establish within this site. Our study provides novel field data on the efficacy of novaluron in colony elimination of Reticulitermes flavipes, as well as evidence that an area-wide baiting program is feasible to maintain a termite-free area within its native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Shults
- Department of Entomology, 2143 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.R.); (P.-A.E.); (M.C.); (H.B.); (E.L.V.)
| | - Steven Richardson
- Department of Entomology, 2143 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.R.); (P.-A.E.); (M.C.); (H.B.); (E.L.V.)
| | - Pierre-Andre Eyer
- Department of Entomology, 2143 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.R.); (P.-A.E.); (M.C.); (H.B.); (E.L.V.)
| | - Madeleine Chura
- Department of Entomology, 2143 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.R.); (P.-A.E.); (M.C.); (H.B.); (E.L.V.)
| | - Heather Barreda
- Department of Entomology, 2143 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.R.); (P.-A.E.); (M.C.); (H.B.); (E.L.V.)
| | - Robert W. Davis
- BASF Professional & Specialty Solutions, 26 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Edward L. Vargo
- Department of Entomology, 2143 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.R.); (P.-A.E.); (M.C.); (H.B.); (E.L.V.)
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Bridgehead effect and multiple introductions shape the global invasion history of a termite. Commun Biol 2021; 4:196. [PMID: 33580197 PMCID: PMC7881189 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Native to eastern Asia, the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki) is recognized as one of the 100 worst invasive pests in the world, with established populations in Japan, Hawaii and the southeastern United States. Despite its importance, the native source(s) of C. formosanus introductions and their invasive pathway out of Asia remain elusive. Using ~22,000 SNPs, we retraced the invasion history of this species through approximate Bayesian computation and assessed the consequences of the invasion on its genetic patterns and demography. We show a complex invasion history, where an initial introduction to Hawaii resulted from two distinct introduction events from eastern Asia and the Hong Kong region. The admixed Hawaiian population subsequently served as the source, through a bridgehead, for one introduction to the southeastern US. A separate introduction event from southcentral China subsequently occurred in Florida showing admixture with the first introduction. Overall, these findings further reinforce the pivotal role of bridgeheads in shaping species distributions in the Anthropocene and illustrate that the global distribution of C. formosanus has been shaped by multiple introductions out of China, which may have prevented and possibly reversed the loss of genetic diversity within its invasive range.
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