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Cecchi G, Cutroneo L, Di Piazza S, Besio G, Capello M, Zotti M. Port Sediments: Problem or Resource? A Review Concerning the Treatment and Decontamination of Port Sediments by Fungi and Bacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061279. [PMID: 34208305 PMCID: PMC8231108 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of marine sediments by organic and/or inorganic compounds represents one of the most critical problems in marine environments. This issue affects not only biodiversity but also ecosystems, with negative impacts on sea water quality. The scientific community and the European Commission have recently discussed marine environment and ecosystem protection and restoration by sustainable green technologies among the main objectives of their scientific programmes. One of the primary goals of sustainable restoration and remediation of contaminated marine sediments is research regarding new biotechnologies employable in the decontamination of marine sediments, to consider sediments as a resource in many fields such as industry. In this context, microorganisms—in particular, fungi and bacteria—play a central and crucial role as the best tools of sustainable and green remediation processes. This review, carried out in the framework of the Interreg IT-FR Maritime GEREMIA Project, collects and shows the bioremediation and mycoremediation studies carried out on marine sediments contaminated with ecotoxic metals and organic pollutants. This work evidences the potentialities and limiting factors of these biotechnologies and outlines the possible future scenarios of the bioremediation of marine sediments, and also highlights the opportunities of an integrated approach that involves fungi and bacteria together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Cecchi
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.); (S.D.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Laura Cutroneo
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.); (S.D.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Simone Di Piazza
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.); (S.D.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Besio
- DICCA, University of Genoa, 1 Via Montallegro, I-16145 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Marco Capello
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.); (S.D.P.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mirca Zotti
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.); (S.D.P.); (M.Z.)
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Quintella CM, Mata AMT, Lima LCP. Overview of bioremediation with technology assessment and emphasis on fungal bioremediation of oil contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 241:156-166. [PMID: 30999265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination is a problem that requires sustainable solutions. Bioremediation technologies have been developed in the last decades and are increasingly used to mitigate environmental accidents and systematic contaminations. A review of bioremediation technologies, based on published article and patent documents, is presented for different types of contaminated matrices, bioremediation agents and contaminants. The worldwide database of the European Patent Office was searched using radicals of keyword as well as the International Patent Classification (IPC) to identify patents in our areas of concern. Technological domains, annual filing volume, legal status, assignee countries and development collaborations are presented and examples are discussed. The total number of patents is compared with the total number of articles. A SWOT analysis for bioremediation technologies is presented. The technologies for water (53%), soils (36%), and sludges (11%) are growing yearly at nearly constant rates. The bioremediation agents are predominantly bacteria (57%), enzymes (19%), fungi (13%), algae (6%), plants (4%) and protozoa. The major contaminants are oils (38%), followed by metals (21%), organic waste (21%), polymers (10%), food (5%), cellulose (5%) and biodiesel. Most of the patents are generally originated from China and United States of America. The soils bioremediation technology of oil is centered on bacteria usage (about two thirds of the articles and patents), being fungi a technology with critical mass and high growth potential. A recent trend in oil bioremediation of soils is the combination of bioremediation agents (fungi and bacteria) in the same process, thus making the process more robust to environment changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Quintella
- IQ-UFBA - Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, R. Barão de Jeremoabo, n. 147, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil; CINEA-ESTS-IPS - Centro de Investigação em Energia e Ambiente do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Rua Vale de Chaves, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2910-761, Setúbal, Portugal; PROFNIT - Professional Post-Graduate Program in Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, R. Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Ana M T Mata
- PROFNIT - Professional Post-Graduate Program in Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, R. Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil; IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Leandro C P Lima
- PROFNIT - Professional Post-Graduate Program in Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, R. Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil; José de Anchieta College, Av. João Durval Carneiro, n. 3039, São João, Feira de Santana, BA, 44051-605, Brazil.
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Perliński P, Mudryk ZJ. Activity of extracellular enzymes on the marine beach differing in the level of antropopressure. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:188. [PMID: 26911592 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The level of activity of extracellular enzymes was determined on two transects characterised by different anthropic pressure on a sandy beach in Ustka, the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. Generally, the level of activity of the studied enzymes was higher on the transect characterised by high anthropic pressure. The ranking order of the mean enzyme activity rates in the sand was as follows: lipase > phosphatase > aminopeptidase > β-glucosidase > α-glucosidase > chitinase. Each enzyme had its characteristic horizontal profile of activity. The levels of activity of the studied enzymes were slightly higher in the surface than subsurface sand layer. Extracellular enzymatic activities were strongly influenced by the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Perliński
- Department of Experimental Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200, Słupsk, Arciszewskiego 22b, Poland.
| | - Z J Mudryk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200, Słupsk, Arciszewskiego 22b, Poland
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Mudryk ZJ, Perliński P, Antonowicz J, Robak D. Number of bacteria decomposing organic phosphorus compounds and phosphatase activity in the sand of two marine beaches differing in the level of anthropopressure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 101:566-574. [PMID: 26522162 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Number of heterotrophic bacteria ability to decompose organic phosphorus compounds and the level of phosphatase activity in the sand of two marine beaches (southern coast of the Baltic Sea) differing in the level of anthropopressure were studied. The study showed that the number of bacteria and level phosphatase activity were higher in the sand of the beach subjected to stronger anthropopressure. In both studied beaches bacteria hydrolysing DNA were the most numerous (92.7-302.8 CFU·g(-1) d.w.). The least numerous were phytin (26.0·10(3) CFU·g(-1) d.w.) and phenolphthalein diphosphate (11.1·10(3) CFU·g(-1) d.w.) decomposing bacteria. Number of bacteria able to attack tested organic phosphorus compounds were the most numerous in dry zones (10.77-739.92 CFU·g(-1) d.w.) then wet zones (3.34-218.15 CFU·g(-1) d.w.). In both studied beaches bacteria hydrolysing organic phosphorus compounds and phosphatase activity generally were more numerous in surface sand layer. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of bacteria in both studied beaches was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Mudryk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - P Perliński
- Department of Experimental Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland.
| | - J Antonowicz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - D Robak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
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Taheri M, Grego M, Riedel B, Vincx M, Vanaverbeke J. Patterns in nematode community during and after experimentally induced anoxia in the northern Adriatic Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 110:110-123. [PMID: 26322855 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of short and long-term induced anoxia on a benthic nematode community and its potential for recovery after reoxygenation were investigated in an in situ experiment on a silty-sand bottom in the Gulf of Trieste, the northern Adriatic Sea. Anoxia was created artificially by three underwater benthic Plexiglas chambers at a depth of 24 m. Treatments lasted for 2, 23 and 307 days. Control samples (Normoxia) were taken on 3 (Normoxia 1) and 25 (Normoxia 2) August 2010 outside the chambers (4-5 m further). After opening the chambers, recovery cores were taken after 7 days (Anoxia 2D), 30 days (Anoxia 23D) and 90 days (Anoxia 307D). Our results revealed that short-term anoxia (Anoxia 2D) did not affect nematode total density and diversity, community structure and their vertical distribution in the sediment. However, total and vertical nematode density, species richness and diversity decreased at 23 days and decreased further at 307 days anoxia. Some nematode species like Metalinhomoeus effilatus, Paralinhomoeus caxinus and Terschellingia longicaudata even survived at 307 days anoxia treatment. Our results also demonstrated that nematode community exposed to 23 days anoxia did not recover after 30 days sediment reoxygenation but, a full recovery was observed after 90 days for nematode community exposed to 307 days anoxia. Feeding type contribution (functional aspect) of the nematode community also changed at the anoxia treatments and during the recovery process. This change was most drastic at the Anoxia 23D and 307D treatments. At both Normoxia and Anoxia 2D treatments, selective deposit feeders (1A), non-selective deposit feeders (1B) and epistrate (diatom) feeders (2A) nematodes were observed in the dominant nematode community. Epistrate feeders disappeared from in the Anoxia 23D treatment epistrate and also selective deposit feeders did not belong to the dominant nematode species in the Anoxia 307D treatment. After the recovery process, epistrate feeders and selective deposit feeding nematodes reappeared again amongst the dominant nematode species after 30 and 90 days of recovery, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrshad Taheri
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), 9, Etemadzadeh Avenue, West Fatemi Street, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mateja Grego
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Bettina Riedel
- Department of Limnology and Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; UMR CNRS 6112 LPG-BIAF Bio-Indicateurs Actuels et Fossiles, Université d'Angers, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Cedex Angers, France
| | - Magda Vincx
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Hassanshahian M, Emtiazi G, Caruso G, Cappello S. Bioremediation (bioaugmentation/biostimulation) trials of oil polluted seawater: a mesocosm simulation study. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 95:28-38. [PMID: 24388285 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation (amendment with selected bacterial strains) and/or biostimulation (nutrients addition and/or air supply) are relatively new fields in environmental microbiology for preventing pollution and cleanup contamination. In this study, the efficiency of application of bioaugmentation/biostimulation treatments, for recovery of crude oil-polluted seawater, was evaluated. Three different series of experiments were performed in a "Mesocosm Facility" (10.000 L). Natural seawater was artificially polluted with crude oil (1000 ppm) and was amended with inorganic nutrients (Mesocosm 1, M1), inorganic nutrient and an inoculum of Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2(T) (Mesocosm 2, M2) and inorganic nutrient and an inoculum of A. borkumensis SK2(T) and Thalassolituus oleivorans MIL-1(T) (Mesocosm 3, M3), respectively. During the experimental period (20 days) bacterial abundance (DAPI count), culturable heterotrophic bacteria (CFU count), MPN, microbial metabolic activity [Biochemical Oxygen Demand and enzymatic activity (leucine aminopeptidase LAP, β-glucosidase BG, alkaline phosphatase AP)] and quali-, quantitative analysis of the composition of total extracted and resolved hydrocarbons and their derivates (TERHCs) were carried out. The microbiological and physiological analysis of marine microbial community found during the three different biostimulation and bioaugmentation assays performed in mesocosms show that the load of crude oil increases total microbial abundance, inhibits the activity of some enzymes such as LAP while stimulates both AP and BG activities. The biodegradation results show that bioaugmentation with A. borkumensis SK2(T) alone is able to produce the highest percentage of degradation (95%) in comparison with the biostimulation treatment (80%) and bioaugmentation using an Alcanivorax-Thalassolituus bacterial consortium (70%). This result highlights the reduced biodegradation capability of the consortium used in this study, suggesting an unfavourable interaction between the two bacterial genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanshahian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Giti Emtiazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gabriella Caruso
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
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