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Feng S, Hao Ngo H, Guo W, Woong Chang S, Duc Nguyen D, Cheng D, Varjani S, Lei Z, Liu Y. Roles and applications of enzymes for resistant pollutants removal in wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125278. [PMID: 34015565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resistant pollutants like oil, grease, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and plastics in wastewater are difficult to be degraded by traditional activated sludge methods. These pollutants are prevalent, posing a great threat to aquatic environments and organisms since they are toxic, resistant to natural biodegradation, and create other serious problems. As a high-efficiency biocatalyst, enzymes are proposed for the treatment of these resistant pollutants. This review focused on the roles and applications of enzymes in wastewater treatment. It discusses the influence of enzyme types and their sources, enzymatic processes in resistant pollutants remediation, identification and ecotoxicity assay of enzymatic transformation products, and typically employed enzymatic wastewater treatment systems. Perspectives on the major challenges and feasible future research directions of enzyme-based wastewater treatment are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Feng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Dongle Cheng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar-382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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A review on phenolic wastewater remediation using homogeneous and heterogeneous enzymatic processes: Current status and potential challenges. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Detoxification Assays of Tunisian Tannery Wastewater under Nonsterile Conditions Using the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9020178. [PMID: 31275990 PMCID: PMC6582845 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Aspergillus niger strain to reduce organic and mineral pollution as well as the toxicity of two tannery wastewaters, the unhairing effluent (UE) and the final effluent (FE), taken from a local Tunisian tannery and under nonsterile conditions, was studied. Raw effluents show alkaline pH ≥11; thus experiments were carried out at initial pH values and at pH adjusted to 6. Characterization of effluents also revealed high salt levels (EC > 17 mS/cm) and high organic matter content (25 g/L for the UE and 7.2 g/L for the FE) but a low biodegradability since BOD5 did not exceed 2.5 and 1.25 g/L for the UE and the FE, respectively. The results of the biological treatment showed that A. niger was able not only to grow at high pH and salinity values, but also to reduce organic and mineral pollutant load. After treatment, the COD reduction for the UE reached 90% and 70% at pH=6 and at initial pH (12.13), respectively. For the FE, the decrease of COD values reached 75% at pH=6 and 64% at initial pH (11.64). Monitoring of mineral pollution levels showed a reduction in chromium (Cr) concentrations reaching 70% for the FE. This was reflected by an increase of the biomass of A. niger from 9.25 g/L (control) to 9.84 g/L for the FE. To confirm the efficiency of the biological treatment using A. niger, phytotoxicity (tomato seeds) and microtoxicity (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) tests were carried out. Results of this monitoring showed an important decrease in the toxicity levels for both effluents.
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Tavares TS, Torres JA, Silva MC, Nogueira FGE, da Silva AC, Ramalho TC. Soybean peroxidase immobilized on δ-FeOOH as new magnetically recyclable biocatalyst for removal of ferulic acid. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:97-106. [PMID: 28986654 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A significant enhancement in the catalytic performance due to enzymes immobilization is a great way to enhance the economics of biocatalytic processes. The soybean peroxidase (SP) immobilization under ferroxyte and the ferulic acid removal by the enzyme free and immobilized were investigated. The immobilization via silica-coated ferroxyte nanoparticles was effective, and immobilization yield of 39%. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed significant changes in the materials morphology. Substantial differences were observed in the particles' Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. The magnetic catalyst revealed a better performance than the free enzyme in the ferulic acid conversion, presenting a good V max/K m ratio when compared with the free enzyme. The reuse evaluated by ten cycles exhibited excellent recycling, remaining constant between the sixth and seventh cycles. The use of magnetic nanocatalyst becomes possible to eliminate the high operational costs, and complicated steps of the conventional enzymatic processes. Thus, a viable industrial route for the use of the enzyme as catalyst is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia Silva Tavares
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, N° 37, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Arriel Torres
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, N° 37, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, N° 37, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Adilson C da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, N° 37, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Ribeiro RS, Silva AM, Tavares PB, Figueiredo JL, Faria JL, Gomes HT. Hybrid magnetic graphitic nanocomposites for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation applications. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Silva MC, Torres JA, Castro AA, da Cunha EF, Alves de Oliveira LC, Corrêa AD, Ramalho TC. Combined experimental and theoretical study on the removal of pollutant compounds by peroxidases: affinity and reactivity toward a bioremediation catalyst. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:1839-48. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1063456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre A. Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, University Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Torres JA, Batista Chagas PM, Silva MC, dos Santos CD, Duarte Corrêa A. Enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds in coffee processing wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:39-50. [PMID: 26744933 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidases can be used in the treatment of wastewater containing phenolic compounds. The effluent from the wet processing of coffee fruits contains high content of these pollutants and although some studies propose treatments for this wastewater, none targets specifically the removal of these recalcitrant compounds. This study evaluates the potential use of different peroxidase sources in the oxidation of caffeic acid and of total phenolic compounds in coffee processing wastewater (CPW). The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in CPW was performed and caffeic acid was found to be the major phenolic compound. Some factors, such as reaction time, pH, amount of H2O2 and enzyme were evaluated, in order to determine the optimum conditions for the enzyme performance for maximum oxidation of caffeic acid. The turnip peroxidase (TPE) proved efficient in the removal of caffeic acid, reaching an oxidation of 51.05% in just 15 minutes of reaction. However, in the bioremediation of the CPW, the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was more efficient with 32.70%±0.16 of oxidation, followed by TPE with 18.25%±0.11. The treatment proposed in this work has potential as a complementary technology, since the efficiency of the existing process is intimately conditioned to the presence of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Arriel Torres
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200 000 Lavras, MG, Brazil E-mail:
| | | | - Maria Cristina Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270 901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Angelita Duarte Corrêa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200 000 Lavras, MG, Brazil E-mail:
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Torres JA, Chagas PMB, Silva MC, Dos Santos CD, Corrêa AD. Evaluation of the protective effect of chemical additives in the oxidation of phenolic compounds catalysed by peroxidase. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:1288-95. [PMID: 26502790 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of oxidoredutive enzymes in removing organic pollutants has been the subject of much research. The oxidation of phenolic compounds in the presence of chemical additives has been the focus of this study. In this investigation, the influence of the additives polyethylene glycol and Triton X-100 was evaluated in the phenol oxidation, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and total phenolic compounds present in coffee processing wastewater (CPW) at different pH values, performed by turnip peroxidase and peroxidase extracted from soybean seed hulls. The influence of these additives was observed only in the oxidation of phenol and caffeic acid. In the oxidation of other studied phenolic compounds, the percentage of oxidation remained unchanged in the presence of these chemical additives. In the oxidation of CPW in the presence of additives, no change in the oxidation of phenolic compounds was observed. Although several studies show the importance of evaluating the influence of additives on the behaviour of enzymes, this study found a positive response from the economic point of view for the treatment of real wastewater, since the addition of these substances showed no influence on the oxidation of phenolic compounds, which makes the process less costly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Cristina Silva
- b Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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Chagas PMB, Torres JA, Silva MC, Corrêa AD. Immobilized soybean hull peroxidase for the oxidation of phenolic compounds in coffee processing wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:568-75. [PMID: 26321426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan beads were prepared, using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent for the immobilization of soybean hull peroxidase (SBP). The activity of free and immobilized SBP was studied. The optimum pH was 6.0 for both the free and immobilized enzyme; however, enzyme activity became more dependent on the temperature after immobilization. This study evaluated the potential use of immobilized and free enzyme in the oxidation of caffeic acid, of synthetic phenolic solution (SPS) and of total phenolic compounds in coffee processing wastewater (CPW). Some factors, such as reaction time, amount of H2O2 and caffeic acid were evaluated, in order to determine the optimum conditions for enzyme performance. Both enzymes showed a potential in the removal of caffeic acid, SPS and CPW, and immobilized SBP had the highest oxidation performance. The immobilized enzyme showed a potential of 50% in the oxidation of caffeic acid after 4 consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pricila Maria Batista Chagas
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Arriel Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Silva
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, CEP 30421-169, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Angelita Duarte Corrêa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
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Kurnik K, Treder K, Skorupa-Kłaput M, Tretyn A, Tyburski J. Removal of Phenol from Synthetic and Industrial Wastewater by Potato Pulp Peroxidases. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2015; 226:254. [PMID: 26190873 PMCID: PMC4499105 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxidases have strong potential utility for decontamination of phenol-polluted wastewater. However, large-scale use of these enzymes for phenol depollution requires a source of cheap, abundant, and easily accessible peroxidase-containing material. In this study, we show that potato pulp, a waste product of the starch industry, contains large amounts of active peroxidases. We demonstrate that potato pulp may serve as a tool for peroxidase-based remediation of phenol pollution. The phenol removal efficiency of potato pulp was over 95 % for optimized phenol concentrations. The potato pulp enzymes maintained their activity at pH 4 to 8 and were stable over a wide temperature range. Phenol solutions treated with potato pulp showed a significant reduction in toxicity compared with untreated phenol solutions. Finally we determined that this method may be employed to remove phenol from industrial effluent with over 90 % removal efficiency under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kurnik
- />Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Treder
- />Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic and Biochemistry, Department of Potato Protection and Seed Science in Bonin, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 76-009 Bonin, Poland
| | - Monika Skorupa-Kłaput
- />Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- />Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- />Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jarosław Tyburski
- />Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- />Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Wilkesman J, Castro D, Contreras LM, Kurz L. Guaiacol peroxidase zymography for the undergraduate laboratory. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 42:420-426. [PMID: 25052049 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This laboratory exercise presents a novel way to introduce undergraduate students to the specific detection of enzymatic activity by electrophoresis. First, students prepare a crude peroxidase extract and then analyze the homogenate via electrophoresis. Zymography, that is, a SDS-PAGE method to detect enzyme activity, is used to specifically detect peroxidase activity and furthermore, to analyze the total protein profile. After the assay, students may estimate the apparent molecular mass of the enzyme and discuss its structure. After the 4-h experiment, students gain knowledge concerning biological sample preparation, gel preparation, electrophoresis, and the importance of specific staining procedures for the detection of enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Wilkesman
- Center for Environmental, Biology and Chemistry Research, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela
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Angelini VA, Agostini E, Medina MI, González PS. Use of hairy roots extracts for 2,4-DCP removal and toxicity evaluation by Lactuca sativa test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2531-9. [PMID: 24085515 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is widely distributed in wastewaters discharged from several industries, and it is considered as a priority pollutant due to its high toxicity. In this study, the use of different peroxidase extracts for 2,4-DCP removal from aqueous solutions was investigated. Tobacco hairy roots (HRs), wild-type (WT), and double-transgenic (DT) for tomato basic peroxidases (TPX1 and TPX2) were used to obtain different peroxidase extracts: total peroxidases (TPx), soluble peroxidases (SPx), and peroxidases ionically bound to the cell wall (IBPx). All extracts derived from DT HRs exhibited higher peroxidase activity than those obtained from WT HRs. TPx and IBPx DT extracts showed the highest catalytic efficiency values. The optimal conditions for 2,4-DCP oxidation were pH 6.5, H2O2 0.5 mM, and 200 U mL(-1) of enzyme, for all extracts analyzed. Although both TPx extracts were able to oxidize different 2,4-DCP concentrations, the removal efficiency was higher for TPx DT. Polyethylene glycol addition slightly improved 2,4-DCP removal efficiency, and it showed some protective effect on TPx WT after 2,4-DCP oxidation. In addition, using Lactuca sativa test, a reduction of the toxicity of post removal solutions was observed, for both TPx extracts. The results demonstrate that TPx extracts from both tobacco HRs appear to be promising candidate for future applications in removing 2,4-DCP from wastewaters. This is particularly true considering that these peroxidase sources are associated with low costs and are readily available. However, TPx DT has increased peroxidase activity, catalytic efficiency, and higher removal efficiency than TPx WT, probably due to the expression of TPX1 and TPX2 isoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina A Angelini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,
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Jaramillo-Carmona S, Lopez S, Vazquez-Castilla S, Rodriguez-Arcos R, Jimenez-Araujo A, Guillen-Bejarano R. Asparagus byproducts as a new source of peroxidases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6167-6174. [PMID: 23777512 DOI: 10.1021/jf4011609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soluble peroxidase (POD) from asparagus byproducts was purified by ion exchange chromatographies, and its kinetic and catalytic properties were studied. The isoelectric point of the purified isoperoxidases was 9.1, and the optimum pH and temperature values were 4.0 and 25 °C, respectively. The cationic asparagus POD (CAP) midpoint inactivation temperature was 57 °C, which favors its use in industrial processes. The Km values of cationic asparagus POD for H₂O₂ and ABTS were 0.318 and 0.634 mM, respectively. The purified CAP is economically obtained from raw materials using a simple protocol and possesses features that make it advantageous for the potential use of this enzyme in a large number of processes with demonstrated requirements of thermostable POD. The results indicate that CAP can be used as a potential candidate for removing phenolic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jaramillo-Carmona
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41014 Seville, Spain
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Menale C, Nicolucci C, Catapane M, Rossi S, Bencivenga U, Mita D, Diano N. Optimization of operational conditions for biodegradation of chlorophenols by laccase-polyacrilonitrile beads system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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