1
|
Ye W, Yan J, Yan J, Lin JG, Ji Q, Li Z, Ganjidoust H, Huang L, Li M, Zhang H. Potential electron acceptors for ammonium oxidation in wastewater treatment system under anoxic condition: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118984. [PMID: 38670211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation has been considered as an environmental-friendly and energy-efficient biological nitrogen removal (BNR) technology. Recently, new reaction pathway for ammonium oxidation under anaerobic condition had been discovered. In addition to nitrite, iron trivalent, sulfate, manganese and electrons from electrode might be potential electron acceptors for ammonium oxidation, which can be coupled to traditional BNR process for wastewater treatment. In this paper, the pathway and mechanism for ammonium oxidation with various electron acceptors under anaerobic condition is studied comprehensively, and the research progress of potentially functional microbes is summarized. The potential application of various electron acceptors for ammonium oxidation in wastewater is addressed, and the N2O emission during nitrogen removal is also discussed, which was important greenhouse gas for global climate change. The problems remained unclear for ammonium oxidation by multi-electron acceptors and potential interactions are also discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jih-Gaw Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Qixing Ji
- The Earth, Ocean and atmospheric sciences thrust (EOAS), Hong Gong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), 511442, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hossein Ganjidoust
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, 14115-397, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ponce-Jahen SJ, Cercado B, Estrada-Arriaga EB, Rangel-Mendez JR, Cervantes FJ. Anammox with alternative electron acceptors: perspectives for nitrogen removal from wastewaters. Biodegradation 2024; 35:47-70. [PMID: 37436663 PMCID: PMC10774155 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation process (anammox), great scientific advances have been made over the past two decades, making anammox a consolidated technology widely used worldwide for nitrogen removal from wastewaters. This review provides a detailed and comprehensive description of the anammox process, the microorganisms involved and their metabolism. In addition, recent research on the application of the anammox process with alternative electron acceptors is described, highlighting the biochemical reactions involved, its advantages and potential applications for specific wastewaters. An updated description is also given of studies reporting the ability of microorganisms to couple the anammox process to extracellular electron transfer to insoluble electron acceptors; particularly iron, carbon-based materials and electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems (BES). The latter, also referred to as anodic anammox, is a promising strategy to combine the ammonium removal from wastewater with bioelectricity production, which is discussed here in terms of its efficiency, economic feasibility, and energetic aspects. Therefore, the information provided in this review is relevant for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio J Ponce-Jahen
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Engineering Institute, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Cercado
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, Querétaro, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Mexico
| | - Edson Baltazar Estrada-Arriaga
- Subcoordinación de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales, Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Progreso, C.P. 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - J Rene Rangel-Mendez
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4ª Sección, SLP78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Cervantes
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Engineering Institute, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang C, Lu B, Chen H, Chen H, Li T, Lu W, Chai X. Strengthen high-loading operation of wastewater treatment plants by composite micron powder carrier: Microscale control of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolic pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166593. [PMID: 37634713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of activated sludge is a crucial factor influencing the capacity and efficiency of sewage wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, high sludge concentrations can lead to sludge loss in the secondary sedimentation tank, resulting in reduced processing capacity, particularly during low-temperature stages and sludge bulking. This study investigated the impact of adding composite micron powder carriers (CMPC) in high-concentration powder carrier biofluidized bed (HPB) technology to the biochemical units of WWTPs on sludge concentration and settling performance. For the traditional activated sludge method (ASM), its hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 8 h, with an average effluent total nitrogen (TN) of 15.14 mg/L. Sludge bulking was prone to occur in low-temperature environments, resulting in a high average sludge volume index (SVI) of 560 mL/g. Conversely, with a CMPC dosage of 4 g/L, the HRT of HPB technology was 4.8 h, and the average effluent TN was 11.40 mg/L, with a removal efficiency of 67.43 %. During operation of HPB technology under high sludge concentration conditions (8 g/L), the average SVI remained at 85 mL/g, indicating excellent settling characteristics. Moreover, in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR), the SVI value of bulking sludge decreased from the original 695 to 111 mL/g by the 9th day of operation with the CMPC dosage of 2 g/L. At the same time, the filamentous bacteria almost disappeared, suggesting that CMPC inhibit the growth of filamentous bacteria. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that CPMC enhance the utilization of small molecular fatty acids in activated sludge and promote electron transfer between nitrate and nitrite, thereby improving wastewater treatment capacity. Additionally, CMPC enhanced the relative abundance of Saprospiraceae in sludge, which accelerate the degradation of polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances, weaken sludge's hydrophilic properties, and improve sludge's settling performance. Overall, these findings suggested that CMPC effectively strengthen the high-loading operation of WWTPs by improving sludge concentration and sedimentation performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ChengXian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Changsha Urban Research Institute of Construction Science, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha 410205, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu T, Ding J, Zhong L, Sun HJ, Pang JW, Zhao L, Bai SW, Ren NQ, Yang SS. Sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation: A promising novel process for nitrogen and sulfur removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 893:164997. [PMID: 37336410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation (sulfammox), a novel and promising process that has emerged in recent years, is essential to nitrogen and sulfur cycles and offers significant potential for the elimination of ammonium and sulfate. This review discussed the development of sulfammox process, the mechanism, characteristics of microbes, potential influencing factors, applicable bioreactors, and proposed the research needs and future perspective. The sulfammox process could be affected by many factors, such as the NH4+/SO42- ratio, carbon source, pH, and temperature. However, these potential influencing factors were only obtained based on what has been seen in papers studying related processes such as denitrification, sulfate-reduction, etc., and have to be further tested in bioreactors carrying out the sulfammox process in the future. Currently, sulfammox is predominantly used in granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized beds, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, anaerobic expanded granular bed reactors, rotating biological contact reactors, and moving bed biofilm reactors. In the future, the operating parameters of sulfammox should be further optimized to improve the processing performance, and the system can be further scaled up for actual wastewater treatment. In addition, the isolation, identification, and characterization of key functional microbes and the analysis of microbial interrelationships will also be focused on in future studies to enable an in-depth analysis of the sulfammox mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Le Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Han-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ji-Wei Pang
- China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, CECEP Talroad Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100096, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shun-Wen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khanthong K, Jang H, Kadam R, Jo S, Lee J, Park J. Bioelectrochemical system for nitrogen removal: Fundamentals, current status, trends, and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139776. [PMID: 37567277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) is essential for the treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater. However, the requirement for aeration and the addition of external carbon sources, resulting in greenhouse gas emissions and additional costs, are disadvantages of the traditional BNR process. Alternative technologies have been devised to overcome these drawbacks. Bioelectrochemical nitrogen removal (BENR) has been proposed for efficient nitrogen removal, demonstrating flexibility and versatility. BENR can be performed by combining nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX), or organic carbon oxidation. Bioelectrochemical-ANAMMOX (BE-ANAMMOX) is the most promising method for nitrogen removal, as it can directly convert NH4+ to N2 and H2 in one step when the electrode is arranged as an electron acceptor. High-value-added hydrogen can potentially be recovered with efficient nitrogen removal using this concept, maximizing the benefits of BENR. Using alternative electron acceptors, such as electrodes and metal ions, for complete total nitrogen removal is a promising technology to substitute NO2- production from NH4+ oxidation by aeration. However, the requirement of electron donors for NO3- reduction, low NH4+ removal efficiency, and low competitiveness of exoelectrogenic bacteria still remain the main obstacles. The future direction for successful BENR should aim to achieve complete anaerobic NH4+ oxidation without any electron acceptor and to maximize selectivity in H2 production. Therefore, the bioelectrochemical pathways and balances between efficient nitrogen removal and high-value-added chemical production should be further studied for carbon and energy neutralities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwan Khanthong
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61457, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heewon Jang
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61457, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul Kadam
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61457, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyeol Jo
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyu Park
- Department of Advanced Energy Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61457, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhan M, Zeng W, Liu H, Li J, Meng Q, Peng Y. Simultaneous nitrogen and sulfur removal through synergy of sulfammox, anammox and sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification in a modified bioreactor enhanced by activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116341. [PMID: 37290623 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium (NH4+ - N) oxidation coupled with sulfate (SO42-) reduction (sulfammox) is a new pathway for the autotrophic removal of nitrogen and sulfur from wastewater. Sulfammox was achieved in a modified up-flow anaerobic bioreactor filled with granular activated carbon. After 70 days of operation, the NH4+ - N removal efficiency almost reached 70%, with activated carbon adsorption and biological reaction accounting for 26% and 74%, respectively. Ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH) was found in sulfammox by X-ray diffraction analysis for the first time, which confirmed that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was one of the sulfammox products. Microbial results indicated that NH4+ - N oxidation and SO42- reduction in sulfammox were carried out by Crenothrix and Desulfobacterota, respectively, in which activated carbon may operate as electron shuttle. In the 15NH4+ labeled experiment, 30N2 were produced at a rate of 34.14 μmol/(g sludge·h) and no 30N2 was detected in the chemical control group, proving that sulfammox was present and could only be induced by microorganisms. The 15NO3- labeled group produced 30N2 at a rate of 88.77 μmol/(g sludge·h), demonstrating the presence of sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification. In the adding 14NH4+ and 15NO3- group, it was confirmed that NH4+ - N was removed by the synergy of sulfammox, anammox and sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification, where the main product of sulfammox was nitrite (NO2-) and anammox was the main cause of nitrogen loss. The findings showed that SO42- as a non-polluting species to environment may substitute NO2- to create a new "anammox" process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Qingan Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Derwis D, Majtacz J, Kowal P, Al-Hazmi HE, Zhai J, Ciesielski S, Piechota G, Mąkinia J. Integration of the sulfate reduction and anammox processes for enhancing sustainable nitrogen removal in granular sludge reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129264. [PMID: 37271463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Anammox and Sulfate Reduction Ammonium Oxidation processes were compared in two granular sequencing batch reactors operated for 160 days under anammox conditions. It was hypothesized that increasing the concentration of SO42- may positively influence the rate of N removal under anaerobic conditions and it was tested whether SO42- reduction and anammox occur independently or are related to each other. The cooperation of N-S cycles by increasing the concentration of influent SO42- to 952 mg S/L in the second reactor, a higher ammonium utilization rate and sulfate utilization rate was achieved compared to the first reactor, i.e., 2.1-fold and 15-fold, respectively. Nitrosomonas played the dominant role in the N metabolism, while Thauera - in the S metabolism. This study highlights the benefits of linking the N-S cycles as an effective approach for the treatment of NH4+ and SO42- - rich wastewater, including lower substrate removal cost and reduced energy consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Derwis
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Joanna Majtacz
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kowal
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Jun Zhai
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Sławomir Ciesielski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Piechota
- GPCHEM. Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, ul. Legionów 40a/3, Toruń 87-100, Poland.
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Metagenomic Insights into the Structure of Microbial Communities Involved in Nitrogen Cycling in Two Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) Ponds. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The microbial structure and metabolic potential, particularly with regard to nitrogen (N) cycling, in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) ponds with shrimp remain unclear. In this study, an analysis of microbial community taxonomic diversity and a metagenomic analysis of N-related genes were performed in a shrimp-crab pond (Penaeus japonicus-Portunus trituberculatus, SC) and a shrimp-crab-clam pond (P. japonicus-P. trituberculatus-Sinonovacula constricta, SCC) to evaluate microbial structure and N transformation capacities in these two shrimp IMTA ponds. The composition of the microbial communities was similar between SC and SCC, but the water and sediments shared few common members in either pond. The relative abundances of N cycling genes were significantly higher in sediment than in water in both SC and SCC, except for assimilatory nitrate reduction genes. The main drivers of the differences in the relative abundances of N cycling genes in SC and SCC were salinity and pH in water and the NO2− and NH4+ contents of pore water in sediment. These results indicate that the coculture of S. constricta in a shrimp-crab pond may result in decreased N cycling in sediment. The reduced N flux in the shrimp IMTA ponds primarily originates within the sediment, except for assimilatory nitrate reduction.
Collapse
|
9
|
Flood BE, Louw DC, Van der Plas AK, Bailey JV. Giant sulfur bacteria (Beggiatoaceae) from sediments underlying the Benguela upwelling system host diverse microbiomes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258124. [PMID: 34818329 PMCID: PMC8612568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their lithotrophic metabolisms, morphological complexity and conspicuous appearance, members of the Beggiatoaceae have been extensively studied for more than 100 years. These bacteria are known to be primarily sulfur-oxidizing autotrophs that commonly occur in dense mats at redox interfaces. Their large size and the presence of a mucous sheath allows these cells to serve as sites of attachment for communities of other microorganisms. But little is known about their individual niche preferences and attached microbiomes, particularly in marine environments, due to a paucity of cultivars and their prevalence in habitats that are difficult to access and study. Therefore, in this study, we compare Beggiatoaceae strain composition, community composition, and geochemical profiles collected from sulfidic sediments at four marine stations off the coast of Namibia. To elucidate community members that were directly attached and enriched in both filamentous Beggiatoaceae, namely Ca. Marithioploca spp. and Ca. Maribeggiatoa spp., as well as non-filamentous Beggiatoaceae, Ca. Thiomargarita spp., the Beggiatoaceae were pooled by morphotype for community analysis. The Beggiatoaceae samples collected from a highly sulfidic site were enriched in strains of sulfur-oxidizing Campylobacterota, that may promote a more hospitable setting for the Beggiatoaceae, which are known to have a lower tolerance for high sulfide to oxygen ratios. We found just a few host-specific associations with the motile filamentous morphotypes. Conversely, we detected 123 host specific enrichments with non-motile chain forming Beggiatoaceae. Potential metabolisms of the enriched strains include fermentation of host sheath material, syntrophic exchange of H2 and acetate, inorganic sulfur metabolism, and nitrite oxidation. Surprisingly, we did not detect any enrichments of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria as previously suggested and postulate that less well-studied anaerobic ammonium oxidation pathways may be occurring instead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly E. Flood
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Deon C. Louw
- National Marine Information and Research Centre, Swakopmund, Namibia
| | | | - Jake V. Bailey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chan-Pacheco CR, Valenzuela EI, Cervantes FJ, Quijano G. Novel biotechnologies for nitrogen removal and their coupling with gas emissions abatement in wastewater treatment facilities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149228. [PMID: 34346385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewaters contaminated with nitrogenous pollutants, derived from anthropogenic activities, have exacerbated our ecosystems sparking environmental problems, such as eutrophication and acidification of water reservoirs, emission of greenhouse gases, death of aquatic organisms, among others. Wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) combining nitrification and denitrification, and lately partial nitrification coupled to anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), have traditionally been applied for the removal of nitrogen from wastewaters. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the recent biotechnologies developed in which nitrogen-removing processes are relevant for the treatment of both wastewaters and gas emissions. These novel processes include the anammox process with alternative electron acceptors, such as sulfate (sulfammox), ferric iron (feammox), and anodes in microbial electrolysis cells (anodic anammox). New technologies that couple nitrate/nitrite reduction with the oxidation of methane, H2S, volatile methyl siloxanes, and other volatile organic compounds are also described. The potential of these processes for (i) minimizing greenhouse gas emissions from WWTF, (ii) biogas purification, and (iii) air pollution control is critically discussed considering the factors that might trigger N2O release during nitrate/nitrite reduction. Moreover, this review provides a discussion on the main challenges to tackle towards the consolidation of these novel biotechnologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Chan-Pacheco
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Engineering Institute, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Edgardo I Valenzuela
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Engineering Institute, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Cervantes
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Engineering Institute, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Guillermo Quijano
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Engineering Institute, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kong X, Castarède D, Thomson ES, Boucly A, Artiglia L, Ammann M, Gladich I, Pettersson JBC. A surface-promoted redox reaction occurs spontaneously on solvating inorganic aerosol surfaces. Science 2021; 374:747-752. [PMID: 34735230 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc5311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Kong
- Atmospheric Science Research Division, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitri Castarède
- Atmospheric Science Research Division, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik S Thomson
- Atmospheric Science Research Division, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony Boucly
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Gladich
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 31110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Atmospheric Science Research Division, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qin Y, Wei Q, Zhang Y, Li H, Jiang Y, Zheng J. Nitrogen removal from ammonium- and sulfate-rich wastewater in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor: performance and microbial community structure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1719-1730. [PMID: 33792797 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic ammonium removal by sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (S-Anammox) process was studied in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor inoculated with Anammox sludge. Over an operation period of 371 days, the reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 16 h was fed with influent in which NH4+ concentration was fixed at 70 mg N L-1, and the molar ratio of NO2-:NO3-:SO42- was 1:0.2:0.2, 0.5:0.1:0.3 and 0:0:0.5 in stages I, II and III, respectively. As the NO2- in influent was entirely replaced by SO42-, the NH4+ removal rate was 31.02 mg N L-1 d-1, and the conversion rate of SO42- was 8.18 mg S L-1 d-1. On grounds of the high NH4+:SO42- removal ratio (8.67:1), the S2- accumulation and pH drop in effluent, as well as the analysis results of microbial community structure, the S-Anammox process was speculated to play a dominant role in stage III. The NH4+ over-transformation was presumably as a consequence of the cyclic regeneration of SO42-. Concerning the microbial characteristics in the system, the Anammox bacteria (Candidatus Brocadia), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) (Desulfatiglans and Desulfurivibrio) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) (Thiobacillus) in biomass was enriched in the case of without addition of NO2- in influent. Sulfate reduction driven ammonium anaerobic oxidation was probably attributed to the coordinated metabolism of nitrogen- and sulfur-utilizing bacteria consortium, in which Anammox bacteria dominates the nitrogen removal, and the SRB and SOB participates in the sulfur cycle as well as accepts required electrons from Anammox bacteria through a direct inter-species electron transfer (DIET) pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qiaoyan Wei
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yongrong Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Junjian Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang D, Cui L, Zhu H, Madani RMA, Liang J. Treatment performance and microbial community under ammonium sulphate wastewater in a sulphate reducing ammonium oxidation process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2982-2990. [PMID: 31969063 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1720305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory testing of simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulphate was studied from the sulphate reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO) process in a circulating flow completely anaerobic bioreactor. Three different stages of starting SRAO process were studied, and final batch tests analysis of SRAO process was conducted. During the SRAO process, the influent concentrations of NH4+-N and SO42- were controlled to be 80-180 and 300-969 mg L-1 respectively. The highest removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and SO42--S were up to 94.80% and 52.57%. N/S [n(NH4+-N)/n(SO42--S)] conversion rates during the experiment had not been unified, which may be caused by the experiment's complex process. In order to further validate the biochemical interaction between ammonium and sulphate, batch tests were carried out. The extra electron acceptor, such as bicarbonate, was thought to react with ammonium by bacteria. The increase of NO3- production and HCO3- removal in the effluent indicated the occurrence of the new interaction between N-C. NH4+ was converted to NO2- and NO3-. Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were detected in the anaerobic cycle growth reactor. The conversion of SRAO was mainly caused by the high performance of Planctomycetes. These results showed that nitrogen was converted by the partial nitrifying process, the denitrification process, and the traditional anammox process simultaneously with the SRAO process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rayan M A Madani
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyan Liang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu W, Rahaman MH, Mąkinia J, Zhai J. Coupling transformation of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in a long-term operated full-scale constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146016. [PMID: 33689895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coupling transformation of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur compounds has been studied in lab-scale and pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CWs), but few studies investigated full-scale CW. In this study, we used batch experiments to investigate the potentials of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur transformation in a long-term operated, full-scale horizontal subsurface flow wetland. The sediments collected from the HSFW were incubated for 48 h in the laboratory with supplying various dosages of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur compounds. The results showed that heterotrophic denitrification was the main pathway. At the same time, the sulfide (S2-)-based autotrophic denitrification was also present. Increasing TOC concentration or NO3- concentration could promote heterotrophic denitrification but did not inhibit the sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification. In our experiment, the highest NO3- removal via autotrophic denitrification was 25.23% while that via heterotrophic denitrification was 73.66%, leading to the total NO3- removal of 98.89%. The results also demonstrated that NO3- rather than NO2- was the preferable electron acceptor for both heterotrophic and sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification in the CW. Increasing S2- concentrations promote NO3- removal from 12.99% to 25.23% without organic carbon, but varying NO3- or NO2- has no effects. These results indicated that concentrations of S2-, instead of NO3- or NO2-, was the limiting factor for sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification in the studied CW. The microbial community analysis and correlation analysis between the transformation of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur compounds and relative abundance of bacteria further confirmed that in the CW, the key pathways coupling transformation were heterotrophic denitrification and sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification. Overall, the current study will enhance understanding of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur transformation in CW and support better design and treatment efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- School of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Md Hasibur Rahaman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology,80-233Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jun Zhai
- School of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ren J, Wu G, Xia Z, Wang M, Wei J, Yang B, Hou Y, Lei L, Wu D, Li Z. Bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction enhanced nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing ammonia and sulfate. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ren
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Gaoming Wu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University – Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Zheng Xia
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Center Hangzhou China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited Hangzhou China
| | - Jun Wei
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited Hangzhou China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University – Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University – Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University – Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China
| | - Zhongjian Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University – Quzhou Quzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu LY, Xie GJ, Xing DF, Liu BF, Ding J, Cao GL, Ren NQ. Sulfate dependent ammonium oxidation: A microbial process linked nitrogen with sulfur cycle and potential application. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110282. [PMID: 33038361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate dependent ammonium oxidation (Sulfammox) is a potential microbial process coupling ammonium oxidation with sulfate reduction under anaerobic conditions, which provides a novel link between nitrogen and sulfur cycle. Recently, Sulfammox was detected in wastewater treatments and was confirmed to occur in natural environments, especially in marine sediments. However, knowledge gaps in the mechanism of Sulfammox, functional bacteria, and their metabolic pathway, make it challenging to estimate its environmental significance and potential applications. This review provides an overview of recent advances in Sulfammox, including possible mechanisms, functional bacteria, and main influential factors, and discusses future challenges and opportunities. Future perspectives are outlined and discussed, such as exploration of microbial community structure and metabolic pathways, possible interactions with other microbes, environmental significance, and potential applications for nitrogen and sulfate removal, to inspire more researches on the Sulfammox process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - De-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Guang-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Influence of Sulfate on Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation in a Sequencing Batch Reactor. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria have a more comprehensive metabolism than expected - there may be other electron acceptors that oxidize ammonium nitrogen under anaerobic conditions, in addition to the well-known nitrite nitrogen, one of which is sulfate in the sulfammox process. Sulfate-containing compounds are part of the medium for the anammox process, but their concentrations are not particularly high (0.2 g MgSO4 ∙ 7H2O/dm3 and 0.00625 g FeSO4/dm3). They can react to some extent with influent ammonium nitrogen. In this work, tests were carried out in two sequencing batch reactors with granular sludge. The first reactor (R1) operated in a 6 h cycle, and the concentration of the inflowing sulfate was kept at 44 mg/dm3∙d. The second reactor (R2) was operated until the 36th day in a 6 h cycle; the influencing concentration was 180 mg SO42−/dm3∙d from the 37th to 64th day in a 3 h cycle, with an influencing concentration of 360 mg SO42−/dm3∙d; and from the 65th to 90th day, the reactor was operated again in a 6 h cycle with an influencing concentration of 180 mg SO42−/dm3∙d. Along with the increased share of sulfate, both the ammonium utilization rate and specific anammox activity showed an increasing trend. As soon as the sulfate dosage was reduced, the ammonium utilization rate and specific anammox activity values dropped. Therefore, it can be concluded that sulfate-containing compounds contribute to the efficiency and rate of the anammox process.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu L, Yan Z, Li J, Huang S, Li Z, Shen M, Peng Y. Low temperature advanced nitrogen and sulfate removal from landfill leachate by nitrite-anammox and sulfate-anammox. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113763. [PMID: 31891911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Under anaerobic conditions, ammonium (NH4+) can react with nitrite (NO2-) and sulfate (SO42-), termed nitrite-anammox (NirAnammox) and sulfate-anammox (Sulfammox), respectively. However, how to remove NH4+ and SO42- together from leachate is unclear. In this study, NirAnammox and Sulfammox cooperatively achieved nitrogen and sulfate removal from leachate using a biological process at low temperature (14-15 °C). NH4+, total nitrogen (TN), and SO42- concentrations in the influent were 610-700, 670-900, 1870-1920 mg/L, respectively, and 10 ± 1, 35 ± 3, and 897.7 ± 10 mg/L, respectively, in the effluent. Sulfammox, and NirAnammox (including partial nitrification) removed 44.2% and 35.46% of the NH4+, respectively. Therefore, because leachate contains high concentrations of NH4+ and SO42-, NirAnammox and Sulfammox can easily occur together, with nitrogen removal by Sulfammox being more than NirAnammox. The relative abundance of dominant bacteria of the Sulfammox were 10-20 times that of Candidatus Kuenenia (NirAnammox) in each reactor. Organic matter negatively affected NirAnammox, but not Sulfammox. Dissolved oxygen negatively affected both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhibin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544, USA
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mingyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Centre of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu H, Li J, Dong H, Qiang Z. Nitrogen removal performance of marine anammox bacteria treating nitrogen-rich saline wastewater under different inorganic carbon doses: High inorganic carbon tolerance and carbonate crystal formation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121565. [PMID: 31154281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With different inorganic carbon (IC) doses, nitrogen removal performance of marine anammox bacteria (MAB) treating nitrogen-rich saline wastewater was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor. Ammonium removal efficiency (ARE) was above 99% at 108-3600 mg/L IC, which indicated MAB had a good tolerance to high IC dose. When IC was 108-1200 mg/L, ARE reached 90% within 2.5 h. MAB activity was greatly promoted by providing adequate IC. Besides, the maximal substrate conversion rate (3.4 kg/(m3 d)) was achieved at 180 mg/L IC. Both the modified Logistic and Boltzmann models were appropriate to describe nitrogen removal at low IC doses, while the modified Gompertz model was more accurate at high IC doses. Calcium carbonate crystal was formed on the surface of MAB granule at high IC doses, which resulted in a significant deterioration of nitrogen removal performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang D, Cui L, Madani RMA, Wang H, Zhu H, Liang J. Effect of nitrite and nitrate on sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:634-643. [PMID: 31661442 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nitrite and nitrate on the integration of ammonium oxidization and sulfate reduction were investigated in a self-designed reactor with an effective volume of 5 L. An experimental study indicated that the ammonium oxidization and sulfate reduction efficiencies were increased in the presence of nitrite and nitrate. Studies showed that a decreasing proportion of N/S in the presence of NO2 - at 30 mg·L-1 would lead to high removal efficiencies of NH4 +-N and SO4 2--S of up to 78.13% and 46.72%, respectively. On the other hand, NO3 - was produced at approximately 26.89 mg·L-1. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes and Nitrospirae were detected in the anaerobic cycle growth reactor. Proteobacteria was identified as the dominant functional bacteria removing nitrogen in the reactor. The nitritation reaction could promote the sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO) process. NH4 + was converted to NO2 and other intermediates, for which the electron acceptor was SO4 2-. These results showed that nitrogen was converted by the nitrification process, the denitrification process, and the traditional anammox process simultaneously with the SRAO process. The sulfur-based autotrophic denitration and denitrification in the reactor were caused by the influent nitrite and nitrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Rayan M A Madani
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Jiyan Liang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang D, Cui L, Wang H, Liang J. Study of sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation process and its microbial community composition. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:137-144. [PMID: 30816870 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulfate was detected in a self-designed circulating flow reactor, in which ammonium oxidization was combined with sulfate reduction. The highest removal efficiencies of NH4 +-N and SO4 2-S were 92% and 59.2%. NO2 - and NO3 - appeared in the effluent, and experimental studies showed that increasing the proportion of N/S in the influent would increase the NO2 - concentration in the effluent. However, N/S [n(NH4 +-N)/n(SO4 2-S)] conversion rates during the experiment were between 2.1 and 12.9, which may have been caused by the experiment's complex process. The microbial community in the sludge reactor included Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes after 187 days of operation. Proteobacteria bacteria had a more versatile metabolism. The sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO) was mainly due to the high performance of Proteobacteria. Nitrospirae has been identified as the dominant functional bacteria in several anammox reactors used for nitrogen removal. Approximately 12.4% of denitrifying bacteria were found in the sludge. These results show that a portion of the nitrogen was converted by nitrification-denitrification, and that traditional anammox proceeds simultaneously with SRAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Jiyan Liang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hong Y, Wu J, Guan F, Yue W, Long A. Nitrogen removal in the sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, China: Evidence from the distribution and forms of nitrogen in the sediment cores. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:115-124. [PMID: 30660252 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the spatial distribution and forms of nitrogen in sediment cores collected from the Pearl River Estuary were analyzed. Exchangeable nitrogen (Nex) comprised only a small proportion of total nitrogen (Ntot), with a mean of 3.54% in the sediment cores. NH4+ was the main form of Nex. No obvious change was observed in the vertical content of fixed ammonia (Nfix) in the sediments, and the mean Nfix in all five sediment cores was 141.23 mg·kg-1. The organic nitrogen (Norg), strongly related to organic carbon (Corg), was the main form in Ntot. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen in sediment pore water was much lower than that in estuarine water and no significant variation was observed from upstream to downstream. Our results indicated that most nitrogen deposited on surface sediments from overlying water was rapidly removed by a series of microbial processes, reducing the extent of nitrogen returning to overlying waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiguo Hong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jiapeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Fengjie Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weizhong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Aimin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lv PL, Zhong L, Dong QY, Yang SL, Shen WW, Zhu QS, Lai CY, Luo AC, Tang Y, Zhao HP. The effect of electron competition on chromate reduction using methane as electron donor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6609-6618. [PMID: 29255986 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of electron competition on chromate (Cr(VI)) reduction in a methane (CH4)-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), since the reduction rate was usually limited by electron supply. A low surface loading of SO42- promoted Cr(VI) reduction. The Cr(VI) removal percentage increased from 60 to 70% when the SO42- loading increased from 0 to 4.7 mg SO42-/m2-d. After the SO42- loading decreased back to zero, the Cr(VI) removal further increased to 90%, suggesting that some sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) stayed in the reactor to reduce Cr(VI). However, a high surface loading of SO42- (26.6 mg SO42-/m2-d) significantly slowed down the Cr(VI) reduction to 40% removal, which was probably due to competition between Cr(VI) and SO42- reduction. Similarly, when 0.5 mg/L of Se(VI) was introduced into the MBfR, Cr(VI) removal percentage slightly decreased to 60% and then increased to 80% when input Se(VI) was removed again. The microbial community strongly depended on the loadings of Cr(VI) and SO42-. In the sulfate effect experiment, three genera were dominant. Based on the correlation between the abundances of the three genera and the loadings of Cr(VI) and SO42-, we conclude that Methylocystis, a type II methanotroph, reduced both Cr(VI) and sulfate, Meiothermus only reduced Cr(VI), and Ferruginibacter only reduced SO42-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Long Lv
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Dong
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Lei Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Wei Shen
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan-Song Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - An-Cheng Luo
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-6046, USA
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang D, Liu B, Ding X, Sun X, Liang Z, Sheng S, Du L. Performance evaluation and microbial community analysis of the function and fate of ammonia in a sulfate-reducing EGSB reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7729-7739. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
25
|
Wang C, Lai DYF, Sardans J, Wang W, Zeng C, Peñuelas J. Factors Related with CH4 and N2O Emissions from a Paddy Field: Clues for Management implications. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169254. [PMID: 28081161 PMCID: PMC5230764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paddy fields are major sources of global atmospheric greenhouse gases, including methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The different phases previous to emission (production, transport, diffusion, dissolution in pore water and ebullition) despite well-established have rarely been measured in field conditions. We examined them and their relationships with temperature, soil traits and plant biomass in a paddy field in Fujian, southeastern China. CH4 emission was positively correlated with CH4 production, plant-mediated transport, ebullition, diffusion, and concentration of dissolved CH4 in porewater and negatively correlated with sulfate concentration, suggesting the potential use of sulfate fertilizers to mitigate CH4 release. Air temperature and humidity, plant stem biomass, and concentrations of soil sulfate, available N, and DOC together accounted for 92% of the variance in CH4 emission, and Eh, pH, and the concentrations of available N and Fe3+, leaf biomass, and air temperature 95% of the N2O emission. Given the positive correlations between CH4 emission and DOC content and plant biomass, reduce the addition of a carbon substrate such as straw and the development of smaller but higher yielding rice genotypes could be viable options for reducing the release of greenhouse gases from paddy fields to the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Derrick Y. F. Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB. 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès. Catalonia. Spain
- CREAF. 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès. Catalonia. Spain
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Congsheng Zeng
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB. 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès. Catalonia. Spain
- CREAF. 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès. Catalonia. Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Prachakittikul P, Wantawin C, Noophan PL, Boonapatcharoen N. ANAMMOX-like performances for nitrogen removal from ammonium-sulfate-rich wastewater in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 51:220-228. [PMID: 26634619 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1094336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium removal by the ANaerobic AMonium OXidation (ANAMMOX) process was observed through the Sulfate-Reducing Ammonium Oxidation (SRAO) process. The same concentration of ammonium (100 mg N L(-1)) was applied to two anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBRs) that were inoculated with the same activated sludge from the Vermicelli wastewater treatment process, while nitrite was fed in ANAMMOX and sulfate in SRAO reactors. In SRAO-AnSBR, in substrates that were fed with a ratio of NH4(+)/SO4(2-) at 1:0.4 ± 0.03, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 48 h and without sludge draining, the Ammonium Removal Rate (ARR) was 0.02 ± 0.01 kg N m(-3).d(-1). Adding specific ANAMMOX substrates to SRAO-AnSBR sludge in batch tests results in specific ammonium and nitrite removal rates of 0.198 and 0.139 g N g(-1) VSS.d, respectively, indicating that the ANAMMOX activity contributes to the removal of ammonium in the SRAO process using the nitrite that is produced from SRAO. Nevertheless, the inability of ANAMMOX to utilize sulfate to oxidize ammonium was also investigated in batch tests by augmenting enriched ANAMMOX culture in SRAO-AnSBR sludge and without nitrite supply. The time course of sulfate in a 24-hour cycle of SRAO-AnSBR showed an increase in sulfate after 6 h. For enriched SRAO culture, the uptake molar ratio of NH4(+)/SO4(2-) at 8 hours in a batch test was 1:0.82 lower than the value of 1:0.20 ± 0.09 as obtained in an SRAO-AnSBR effluent, while the stoichiometric ratio of 1:0.5 that includes the ANAMMOX reaction was in this range. After a longer operation of more than 2 years without sludge draining, the accumulation of sulfate and the reduction of ammonium removal were observed, probably due to the gradual increase in the sulfur denitrification rate and the competitive use of nitrite with ANAMMOX. The 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and PCR cloning analyses resulted in the detection of the ANAMMOX bacterium (Candidatus Brocadia sinica JPN1) Desulfacinum subterraneum belonging to the genus Desulfacinum and bacteria that are involved in sulfur metabolism (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SBTPe-001 and Paracoccus denitrificans strain IAM12479) in SRAO-AnSBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pensiri Prachakittikul
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology-Thonburi , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Chalermraj Wantawin
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology-Thonburi , Bangkok , Thailand
- b Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), King Mongkut's University of Technology-Thonburi , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Pongsak Lek Noophan
- c Department of Environmental Engineering , Kasetsart University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen
- d Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bang Khun Thian , Bangkok , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Connecting biodiversity and potential functional role in modern euxinic environments by microbial metagenomics. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 9:1648-61. [PMID: 25575307 PMCID: PMC4478705 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stratified sulfurous lakes are appropriate environments for studying the links between composition and functionality in microbial communities and are potentially modern analogs of anoxic conditions prevailing in the ancient ocean. We explored these aspects in the Lake Banyoles karstic area (NE Spain) through metagenomics and in silico reconstruction of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolic pathways that were tightly coupled through a few bacterial groups. The potential for nitrogen fixation and denitrification was detected in both autotrophs and heterotrophs, with a major role for nitrogen and carbon fixations in Chlorobiaceae. Campylobacterales accounted for a large percentage of denitrification genes, while Gallionellales were putatively involved in denitrification, iron oxidation and carbon fixation and may have a major role in the biogeochemistry of the iron cycle. Bacteroidales were also abundant and showed potential for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. The very low abundance of genes for nitrification, the minor presence of anammox genes, the high potential for nitrogen fixation and mineralization and the potential for chemotrophic CO2 fixation and CO oxidation all provide potential clues on the anoxic zones functioning. We observed higher gene abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria than ammonia-oxidizing archaea that may have a geochemical and evolutionary link related to the dominance of Fe in these environments. Overall, these results offer a more detailed perspective on the microbial ecology of anoxic environments and may help to develop new geochemical proxies to infer biology and chemistry interactions in ancient ecosystems.
Collapse
|
28
|
Rikmann E, Zekker I, Tomingas M, Vabamäe P, Kroon K, Saluste A, Tenno T, Menert A, Loorits L, dC Rubin SS, Tenno T. Comparison of sulfate-reducing and conventional Anammox upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:426-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
29
|
Liang Z, Xu H, Wang Y, Yang S, Du P. An investigation of a process for partial nitrification and autotrophic denitrification combined desulfurization in a single biofilm reactor. Biodegradation 2013; 24:843-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-013-9632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|