1
|
Microbial degradation of quinoline by immobilized bacillus subtilis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
2
|
Chen J, Zhang B, Wang B, Zhang W, Wang J, Cui C, Wang S. Heterogeneous electro-Fenton using three-dimension Fe-Co-Bi/kaolin particle electrodes for degradation of quinoline in wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:1399-1412. [PMID: 35917075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater containing quinoline has become a common pollutant in water and soil environments, which poses a threat to human health due to its carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity. Quinoline's stability and toxicity hinders its degradation by conventional physicochemical and biological methods. In this contribution, Fe-Co-Bi/kaolin particle electrodes were prepared for the efficient degradation of quinoline in wastewater, and characterized by using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, pyridine-IR, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and four-probe resistivity test. Parameters affecting the degradation efficiency were optimized to be the particle electrode dosage of 40 g/L, pH 3.5, H2O2 addition of 67.6 mmol/L, electrical conductivity of 12.7 ms/cm, and voltage of 20 V. The constructed three-dimensional catalytic particle electrode system (3D-CPE) achieved 92.1% removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) under the optimal conditions. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated in the 3D-CPE process were identified by radical scavenging tests and electron spin response analysis. To unravel the degradation mechanism, the intermediate products were identified by using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The degradation mechanism was discussed with the help of theoretical calculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Boding Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Bingxing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chengxing Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elumalai P, Yi X, Chen Z, Rajasekar A, Brazil de Paiva TC, Hassaan MA, Ying GG, Huang M. Detection of Neonicotinoids in agriculture soil and degradation of thiacloprid through photo degradation, biodegradation and photo-biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119452. [PMID: 35561799 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The social and ecological influence of Neonicotinoids (NEOs) usage in agriculture sector is progressively higher. There are seven NEOs insecticides widely used for the insects control. Among the NEOs, thiacloprid (THD) was extensively used for insect control during crop cultivation. This study targets to analyse the contamination levels of NEOs in agricultural soil and identify photo-biodegradation of THD degradation using pure isolates and mixed consortium. The photo degradation (PD), biodegradation (BD) and photo-biodegradation (PBD) of THD were compared. The corn field agricultural soils were polluted by four NEOs, among them THD had greater contamination level (surface soil: 3901.2 ± 0.04 μg/g) and (sub-surface soil: 3988.6 ± 0.05 μg/g). Three soil free enriched bacterial strains following Bacillus atrophaeus (PB-2), Priestia megaterium (PB-3) (formerly known as Bacillus megaterium), and Peribacillus simplex (PB-4) (formerly known as Bacillus simplex) were identified by microbiological and molecular 16s rRNA gene sequencing. The PD, BD and PBD of THD were conducted and degradation rate was detected by instrument UPLC-MS-MS. The PBD process with blue-LEDs showed better THD degradation efficiency than PD and BD, where the specific THD degradation rate was 85 ± 0.2%, 87 ± 0.5%, and 89 ± 0.3%, respectively for PB-2, PB-3 and PB-4. Then, the photo-biodegradation performance is greater at 150, 175, 200 rpm, pH 7.0-9.0, and temperature 30-35 °C. After the PBD system deliver four intermediate metabolites, the THD degradation process maybe through nitro reduction, hydroxylation and oxidative cleavage pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punniyakotti Elumalai
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; South China Intelligence Environment Tecnology (Qingyuan) Co.,Ltd, SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd, Qingyuan 511517, PR China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; South China Intelligence Environment Tecnology (Qingyuan) Co.,Ltd, SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd, Qingyuan 511517, PR China
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 115, India
| | | | - Mohamed A Hassaan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Kayed Bey, El-Anfoushy P.O., 21556, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; South China Intelligence Environment Tecnology (Qingyuan) Co.,Ltd, SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd, Qingyuan 511517, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ullah Z, Sonawane PM, Mary YS, Mary YS, Yohannan Panicker C, Churchill DG. A foundational theoreticalAl 12E 12(E = N, P) adsorption and quinolone docking study: cage–quinolone pairs, optics and possible therapeutic and diagnostic applications. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3630-3646. [PMID: 35380095 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2053742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This combined Al12E12 (E = N, P) surface adsorption and docking study describes the new possibility of prospective potential probing(photophysical/optical) and therapy(medicinal/biochemical) with these adsorbent conjugates. DFT investigations were undertaken herein to help generate geometrical models and better understand the possible favorable adsorption energetics. We attempt to explain their adsorption behaviors and docking involving SARS-CoV-2 viruses (PDB)to assess their possible pharmaceutical potential against the pandemic virus (COVID-19). The adsorption behavior of 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (MQ) and its halogenated derivatives, 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (MQI), 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (MQCl), and 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (MQBr), with aluminum-nitrogen (AlN), and aluminum-phosphorous (AlP) fullerene-like nanocages is reported. A decrease in the hardness of the nanoclusters when adsorbed with drug molecules resulted in an incrementally improved chemical softness (see e.g., Hard-Soft Acid Base theory) indicating that reactivity of the drug molecule in the resulting complex increases upon cluster chemical adsorption. The energy gap is found to be maximized for AlN-MQ and minimized for AlP-MQI; the reduced density gradient (RDG) iso-surfaces and AIM studies also corroborated this. Therefore, these two were found, respectively, to be the least and most electrically conductive of the species under study. We selected a simple medicinal building block (chelator)in addition to selecting the cluster based on previous literature reports. Important parameters such as gap energies and global indices were determined. We assessed NLO properties. The SARS-CoV-2 virus PDB docking data for 6VW1, 6VYO, 6WKQ, 7AD1, 7AOL, 7B3C, were enlisted as ligand targets for studies of docking (PatchDock Server) using the requisite PDB geometries (For the structure of 6VW1, kindly see reference, 2020; For the structure of 6VYO kindly see reference, 2020; For the structure of 6WKQ kindly see reference, 2020; For the structure of 7AD1 kindly see reference, 2021; For the structure of 7AOL kindly see reference, 2021; For the structure of 7B3C kindly see reference, 2021). Such findings indicate that the AlN-drug conjugation have inhibitory effect against these selected receptors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Prasad M. Sonawane
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - David G. Churchill
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Therapeutic Bioengineering Section, KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elumalai P, Yi X, Cai T, Xiang W, Huang C, Huang M, Ying GG. Photo-biodegradation of imidacloprid under blue light-emitting diodes with bacteria and co-metabolic regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111541. [PMID: 34147468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is existence in the soil environment with a half-life habitually more than hundred days. This study targets to determine, identify and characterize photo-biodegradation bacteria from neonicotinoids (NEOs) contaminated agricultural field soils. The sub-surface soil had a higher level contamination of NEOs, in specifically greater concentration of IMI (3445.2 ± 0.09 μg/g) and thiacloprid (4084.4 ± 0.09 μg/g) has been found. Three bacteria Ralstonia pickettii (PBMS-2), Bacillus cereus (PBMS-3) and Shinella zoogloeoides (PBMS-4) was identified from soil-free stable enrichment cultures. The biodegradability of IMI (50 mg L-1) by three bacteria under different colors of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a constant 12 V power supply was tested and found that the blue-LEDs had greatest efficiency in supporting biodegradation of IMI which is called photo-biodegradation. In specific, the rate of photo-biodegradation of IMI by Ralstonia pickettii (87%), Bacillus cereus (80%) and Shinella zoogloeoides (80%) was measured. Besides this study also tested the effect of aeration (rpm), pH, and temperature on photo-biodegradation of IMI. There were seven intermediate metabolites were measured as biodegradation products of IMI under photo-biodegradation conditions and they are; IMI-urea, IMI-desnitro, 6-chloronicotinic acid, 6-hydroxy nicotinic acid, IMI- aminoguanidine, IMI-nitrosoguanidine and 4,5-hydroxy IMI, these metabolites are may non-toxic to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punniyakotti Elumalai
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academyof Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511517, PR China
| | - Tingting Cai
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Chongqing Holly Environment Impact Assessment Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400023, PR China
| | - Chaoguang Huang
- Changshao Public Engineering Construction Center, 410013, PR China
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511517, PR China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zuo W, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Tang S, Sun Y, Huang H, Yu Y. Degradation of organic pollutants by intimately coupling photocatalytic materials with microbes: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:273-299. [PMID: 33525937 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1869689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, large amounts of organic pollutants have been released into the environment. Consequently, the degradation of refractory organic pollutants has become one of the toughest challenges in remediation. To solve this problem, intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) technology, which allows the simultaneous action of photocatalysis and biodegradation and thus integrates the advantages of photocatalytic reactions and biological treatments, was developed recently. ICPB consists mainly of porous carriers, photocatalysts, biofilms, and an illuminated reactor. Under illumination, photocatalysts on the surface of the carriers convert refractory pollutants into biodegradable products through photocatalytic reactions, after which these products are completely degraded by the biofilms cultivated in the carriers. Additionally, the biofilms are protected by the carriers from the harmful light and free radicals generated by the photocatalyst. Compared with traditional technologies, ICPB remarkably improves the degradation efficiency and reduces the cost of bioremediation. In this review, we introduce the origin and mechanisms of ICPB, discuss the development of reactors, carriers, photocatalysts, and biofilms used in ICPB, and summarize the applications of ICPB to treat organic pollutants. Finally, gaps in this research as well as future perspectives are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Zuo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China.,School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Susu Tang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yadong Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China.,School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Impact of Active Chlorines and •OH Radicals on Degradation of Quinoline Using the Bipolar Electro-Fenton Process. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline is a typical nitrogenous heterocyclic compound, which is carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic to organisms, and its wastewater is difficult to biodegrade directly. The bipolar electro-Fenton process was employed to treat quinoline solution. The process/reaction conditions were optimized through the single factor experiment. The degradation kinetics of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was analyzed. To get the degradation mechanism and pathways of quinoline, the intermediate products were identified by gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC–MS). By using sodium chloride as supporting electrolyte in the electro-Fenton reaction system with initial pH 3.0, conductivity 15,800 µs/cm, H2O2 concentration 71 mmol/L, current density 30.5 mA/cm2, and applied voltage 26.5 V, 75.56% of COD was decreased by indirect oxidation with electrogeneration of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and active chloric species in 20 min. The COD decrease of quinoline solution followed the first order reaction kinetic model. The main products of quinoline degradation were 2(1H)-quinolinone, 4-chloro-2(1H)-quinolinone, 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, and 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline. Furthermore, two possible degradation pathways of quinoline were proposed, supported with Natural charge distribution on quinoline and intermediates calculated at the theoretical level of MN15L/6-311G(d).
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo Y, Yue X, Wei P, Zhou A, Kong X, Alimzhanova S. A state-of-the-art review of quinoline degradation and technical bottlenecks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141136. [PMID: 32777494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline is a critical raw material for the dye, metallurgy, pharmaceutical, rubber, and agrochemical industries, and its use poses a serious threat to human health and the ecological environment. Quinoline has carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects on the human body through food accumulation. However, due to the steric hindrance of its bicyclic fused structure and its long photooxidation half-life, quinoline is too difficult to decompose naturally. To date, numerous technologies have been used to degrade quinoline, whereas only a few have been reviewed. Therefore, this paper is focused on offering a comprehensive overview of the state of quinoline degradation in an effort to improve its degradation efficiency and fully utilize the carbon and nitrogen within quinoline without causing any damage to the environment. Accordingly, the strains, research progress and mechanisms of various methods for degrading quinoline are explored and elucidated in detail, especially quinoline biodegradation and the combination of these technologies for efficient removal. The state-of-the-art processes and new findings of our team on the biofortification of quinoline degradation are also presented. Finally, research bottlenecks and gaps for future research were identified along with the prospects and resource utilization of quinoline. These discussions facilitate the realization of the zero discharge of quinoline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; North University of China, Shouzhou 036024, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Peng Wei
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xin Kong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shyryn Alimzhanova
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao Y, Kong X, Zhou A, Yue X, Luo Y, Defemur Z. Enhanced degradation of quinoline by coupling microbial electrolysis cell with anaerobic digestion simultaneous. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123077. [PMID: 32155565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of quinoline-wastewater treatment was investigated in a coupled microbial electrolysis cell and anaerobic digestion system (MEC-AD). Improved degradation and enhanced mineralization of quinoline were obtained, and the optimal voltage was determined to be 1.0 V. Effective removal of quinoline at relative high concentration, and a 1.5-fold increase in methane production were achieved. The results indicated that the MEC-AD could simultaneously remove carbon and nitrogen from quinoline. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 2-hydroxyquinoline and 8-hydroxycoumarin as the intermediates of quinoline. The formation and degradation of metabolites were rapid, and they did not accumulate in the MEC-AD. The results of microbial community structure analysis demonstrated that the functional species were enriched and coexisted, and that the dominant bacterial genera were SM1A02, Comamonas, Desulfovibrio, Geobacter, and Actinomarinales_norank; the dominant archaeal genera were Methanocorpusculum and Nitrosoarchaeum. Furthermore, the applied current played a selective role in the enrichment of microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Xin Kong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Shanxi Engineer Research Institute of Sludge Disposition and Resources, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Zafiry Defemur
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gupta D, Chauhan R, Kumar N, Singh V, Srivastava VC, Mohanty P, Mandal TK. Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of quinoline by ZnO:TiO 2 mixed oxide: Optimization of operating parameters and mechanistic study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 258:110032. [PMID: 31929067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the photocatalytic degradation of quinoline, a recalcitrant heterocyclic nitrogenous aromatic organic compound, using the mixed oxide ZnO-TiO2 photo-catalyst. Photo-catalysts were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method at different calcination temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C. Different analytical methods, including Field emission scanning electron microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were used for the catalyst characterization. The highest pore surface area of 57.9 m2g-1 was obtained for the photo-catalyst calcined at 400 °C. The effects of calcination temperature, solution pH, initial concentration, catalyst dose as well as irradiation time were studied. At the optimum condition, i.e., calcination temperature of 400 °C, pH ≈8 and catalyst dose of 2.5 gL-1, maximum quinoline degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency of ≈92% and ≈78% were obtained after 240 min for initial quinoline amount of 50 mgL-1. The 1st, 2nd, and nth-order kinetic models were applied to analyze the quinoline degradation rate. The photocatalytic mechanism was studied by drawing energy level diagram with the help of the band-gap structures of the ZnO and TiO2, potential of the free radicals like OH and O2 and HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the quinoline molecule. The proposed pathways of quinoline mineralization were suggested on the basis of the identified intermediates by the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis and scavenger study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Rohit Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Navneet Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Vikash Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Vimal Chandra Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Paritosh Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang T, Hu X, Zhang P, Chen X, Wang W, Wang Y, Liang Q, Zhang Y, Huang Q. Study of pre-treatment of quinoline in aqueous solution using activated carbon made from low-cost agricultural waste (walnut shells) modified with ammonium persulfate. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:2086-2094. [PMID: 31318346 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon made from agricultural waste (walnut shells) was investigated as a suitable adsorbent for effectively removing quinoline from industrial wastewater. The activated carbon was treated with phosphoric acid and oxidized by ammonium persulfate and its ability to adsorb pyridine and quinoline in aqueous solution was investigated. Kinetic parameters for the adsorption process were determined through pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and intraparticle diffusion models. Equilibrium experiments and adsorption isotherms were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. After reaching equilibrium, the activated carbon adsorbed quinoline in preference to pyridine: the equilibrium adsorptions from individual aqueous solutions (200 μL L-1) of quinoline and pyridine were 166.907 mg g-1 and 72.165 mg g-1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies of quinoline adsorption were conducted at different temperatures and indicated that quinoline adsorption was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The column-adsorption of quinoline and pyridine was consistent with the Thomas model and the Yoon-Nelson model. The removal efficiency of quinoline reached more than 97% for a velocity of 6 mL min-1 at the initial adsorption stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China E-mail: ; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xuansheng Hu
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China
| | - Peijuan Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China E-mail:
| | - Yanping Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China E-mail:
| | - Qiuxia Liang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China E-mail:
| | - Yingjiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qunce Huang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lu Q, Zhang C, Yan N, Zhang Y, Rittmann BE. The role of ultrasound-treated sludge for accelerating quinoline mono-oxygenation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:561-566. [PMID: 30597349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge treated by ultrasound was tested as a source of exogenous electron donor to accelerate quinoline mono-oxygenation, which requires an intracellular electron donor (2H). The quinoline-removal rate was proportional to the amount of treated or untreated sludge added in flask experiments, but the best biodegradation kinetics was obtained with a mixture of 25% untreated sludge plus 75% treated sludge. The treated sludge primarily provided exogenous electron donor, while the untreated sludge provided active biomass. A biofilm system also showed the same beneficial effect of treated sludge, and the soluble fraction of the treated sludge had the greatest impact. Using treated sludge instead of a purchased electron donor provides an economic advantage for accelerating the biodegradation of contaminants whose biodegradation is initiated by an oxygenation reaction, such as quinoline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Youke Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Qinyuan Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Chenyuan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China.
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China.
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang R, Wei Y, Sun J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Li X, Cao J. Degradation of cefradine in alga-containing water environment: a mechanism and kinetic study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9184-9192. [PMID: 30715707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of antibiotics are manufactured, used, and eventually discharged into alga-containing water environment as prototypes, by-products, or transformation products. Different activities of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii toward cefradine (CFD) were studied, and the results indicated that CFD is resistant (removal rate of 5.45-14.72%) in simulated natural water environment. Cefradine was mainly removed by hydrolysis, adsorption, desorption, photodecarboxylation, and photoisomerization. The effects of C. reinhardtii density, initial solution pH, and different light sources on CFD removal efficiency were investigated. The optimum conditions occurred at a density of algae 10 × 104 cells/mL, a solution pH of 9.0, and the ultraviolet (UV) light. Additionally, the removal kinetics under 16 different conditions was explored. The results showed that the removal of CFD fits well with a pseudo-first-order kinetic, and the half-life times are from 0.8 to 261.6 days. This study summarizes the CFD removal mechanisms in alga-containing water environment, highlights the important role played by light irradiation in eliminating CFD, and obtains the important kinetic data on CFD removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road No. 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, People's Republic of China
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Wei
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqin Wang
- Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Zhao
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No.61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road No. 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Competition for electrons between mono-oxygenations of pyridine and 2-hydroxypyridine. Biodegradation 2018; 29:419-427. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
15
|
Zhu H, Han Y, Ma W, Han H, Ma W. Removal of selected nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds in biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater (BPCGW) using the catalytic ozonation process combined with the two-stage membrane bioreactor (MBR). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:786-793. [PMID: 28926910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three identical anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were operated in parallel for 300 consecutive days for raw (R1), ozonated (R2) and catalytic ozonated (R3) biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater (BPCGW) treatment. The results demonstrated that catalytic ozonation process (COP) applied asa pretreatment remarkably improved the performance of the unsatisfactory single MBR. The overall removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N and TN in R3 were 92.7%, 95.6% and 80.6%, respectively. In addition, typical nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) of quinoline, pyridine and indole were completely removed in the integrated process. Moreover, COP could alter sludge properties and reshape microbial community structure, thus delaying the occurrence of membrane fouling. Finally, the total cost for this integrated process was estimated to be lower than that of single MBR. The results of this study suggest that COP is a good option to enhance pollutants removal and alleviate membrane fouling in the MBR for BPCGW treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yuxing Han
- School of Engineering, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wencheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hongjun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Weiwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luongo G, Avagyan R, Hongyu R, Östman C. The washout effect during laundry on benzothiazole, benzotriazole, quinoline, and their derivatives in clothing textiles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2537-48. [PMID: 26429136 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In two previous papers, the authors have shown that benzothiazole, benzotriazole, quinoline, and several of their derivatives are widespread in clothing textile articles. A number of these compounds exhibit allergenic and irritating properties and, due to their octanol-water partition coefficient, are prone to be absorbed by the skin. Moreover, they are slightly soluble in water, which could make washing of clothes a route of emission into the environment. In the present study, the washout effect of benzothiazole, benzotriazole, quinoline, and some of their derivatives has been investigated. Twenty-seven textile samples were analyzed before, as well as after five and ten times of washing. The most abundant analyte was found to be benzothiazole, which was detected in 85 % of the samples with an average concentration of 0.53 μg/g (median 0.44 μg/g), followed by quinoline, detected in 81 % of the samples with an average concentration of 2.42 μg/g (median 0.21 μg/g). The average decrease in concentration for benzothiazoles was 50 % after ten times washing, while it was around 20 % for quinolines. The average emission to household wastewater of benzothiazoles and quinolines during one washing (5 kg of clothes made from polyester materials) was calculated to 0.5 and 0.24 g, respectively. These results strongly indicate that laundering of clothing textiles can be an important source of release of these compounds to household wastewater and in the end to aquatic environments. It also demonstrates a potential source of human exposure to these chemicals since considerable amounts of the compounds remain in the clothes even after ten times of washing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Luongo
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rozanna Avagyan
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ren Hongyu
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Conny Östman
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bai Q, Yang L, Li R, Chen B, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Rittmann BE. Accelerating Quinoline Biodegradation and Oxidation with Endogenous Electron Donors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11536-42. [PMID: 26327306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline, a recalcitrant heterocyclic compound, is biodegraded by a series of reactions that begin with mono-oxygenations, which require an intracellular electron donor. Photolysis of quinoline can generate readily biodegradable products, such as oxalate, whose bio-oxidation can generate endogenous electron donors that ought to accelerate quinoline biodegradation and, ultimately, mineralization. To test this hypothesis, we compared three protocols for the biodegradation of quinoline: direct biodegradation (B), biodegradation after photolysis of 1 h (P1h+B) or 2 h (P2h+B), and biodegradation by adding oxalate commensurate to the amount generated from photolysis of 1 h (O1+B) or 2 h (O2+B). The experimental results show that P1h+B and P2h+B accelerated quinoline biodegradation by 19% and 50%, respectively, compared to B. Protocols O1+B and O2+B also gave 19% and 50% increases, respectively. During quinoline biodegradation, its first intermediate, 2-hydroxyquinoline, accumulated gradually in parallel to quinoline loss but declined once quinoline was depleted. Mono-oxygenation of 2-hydroxyquinoline competed with mono-oxygenation of quinoline, but the inhibition was relieved when extra electrons donors were added from oxalate, whether formed by UV photolysis or added exogenously. Rapid oxalate oxidation stimulated both mono-oxygenations, which accelerated the overall quinoline oxidation that provided the bulk of the electron donor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Lihui Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Rongjie Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tang Y, Zhang Y, Yan N, Liu R, Rittmann BE. The role of electron donors generated from UV photolysis for accelerating pyridine biodegradation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1792-800. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Tang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; College of Life and Environmental Science; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; College of Life and Environmental Science; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; College of Life and Environmental Science; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Rui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology; Department of Environmental Technology and Ecology; Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University; Zhejiang Jiaxing China
| | - Bruce E. Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology; Biodesign Institute; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
| |
Collapse
|