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Baranska NG, Parkin A, Duhme-Klair AK. Electrochemical and Solution Structural Characterization of Fe(III) Azotochelin Complexes: Examining the Coordination Behavior of a Tetradentate Siderophore. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19172-19182. [PMID: 36251475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report an electrochemical setup comprising a boron-doped diamond (BDD) working electrode for the electrochemical study of iron(III) catecholate siderophores. We demonstrate its successful application in the voltammetric investigation of iron(III) azotochelin, an iron complex of a bis(catecholate) siderophore. Cyclic voltammetry results, when complemented by UV-vis and native electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) characterization, reveal the formation of a coordinatively unsaturated tetracoordinate 1:1 complex of Fe:azotochelin (M1:L1) at neutral pH, contrary to iron(III) tetradentate siderophore complexes of other classes which favor the hexacoordinate environment of an M2:L3 species. A notable effect of pH and buffer composition on the reduction potential of iron(III) azotochelin is demonstrated. Lower pH values and buffers encompassing primary or secondary amines facilitate a positive potential shift of up to +290 mV and +250 mV vs Ag/AgCl 3 M NaCl, respectively. The study was extended to the investigation of the iron(III) complexes of hexadentate siderophores. For tris(catecholate) siderophores, enterobactin and protochelin, the reduction potentials were found to lie beyond the potential window accessible to the BDD electrode; however, we were successful in observing the electrochemical behavior of a tris(hydroxamate) siderophore, ferricrocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G Baranska
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-K Duhme-Klair
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Research and Progress on the Mechanism of Iron Transfer and Accumulation in Rice Grains. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122610. [PMID: 34961081 PMCID: PMC8708893 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is one of the most important micronutrients for organisms. Currently, Fe deficiency is a growing nutritional problem and is becoming a serious threat to human health worldwide. A method that could help alleviate this “hidden hunger” is increasing the bioavailable Fe concentrations in edible tissues of major food crops. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of Fe accumulation in different crop tissues will help to develop crops with higher Fe nutritional values. Biofortification significantly increases the concentration of Fe in crops. This paper considers the important food crop of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as an example and highlights recent research advances on the molecular mechanisms of Fe uptake and allogeneic uptake in different tissues of rice. In addition, different approaches to the biofortification of Fe nutrition in rice and their outcomes are described and discussed. To address the problems that occur during the development and application of improving nutritional Fe in rice, technical strategies and long-term solutions are also proposed as a reference for the future improvement of staple food nutrition with micronutrients.
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Mendoza-Cózatl DG, Gokul A, Carelse MF, Jobe TO, Long TA, Keyster M. Keep talking: crosstalk between iron and sulfur networks fine-tunes growth and development to promote survival under iron limitation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4197-4210. [PMID: 31231775 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are capable of synthesizing all the molecules necessary to complete their life cycle from minerals, water, and light. This plasticity, however, comes at a high energetic cost and therefore plants need to regulate their economy and allocate resources accordingly. Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are at the center of photosynthesis, respiration, amino acid, and DNA metabolism. Fe-S clusters are extraordinary catalysts, but their main components (Fe2+ and S2-) are highly reactive and potentially toxic. To prevent toxicity, plants have evolved mechanisms to regulate the uptake, storage, and assimilation of Fe and S. Recent advances have been made in understanding the cellular economy of Fe and S metabolism individually, and growing evidence suggests that there is dynamic crosstalk between Fe and S networks. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent literature on Fe sensing, allocation, use efficiency, and, when pertinent, its relationship to S metabolism. Our future perspectives include a discussion about the open questions and challenges ahead and how the plant nutrition field can come together to approach these questions in a cohesive and more efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Mendoza-Cózatl
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Arun Gokul
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Mogamat F Carelse
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Terri A Long
- Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Vigani G, Solti ÏDM, Thomine SB, Philippar K. Essential and Detrimental - an Update on Intracellular Iron Trafficking and Homeostasis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1420-1439. [PMID: 31093670 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts, mitochondria and vacuoles represent characteristic organelles of the plant cell, with a predominant function in cellular metabolism. Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis and therefore basic and essential for photoautotrophic growth of plants. Mitochondria produce energy during respiration and vacuoles act as internal waste and storage compartments. Moreover, chloroplasts and mitochondria are sites for the biosynthesis of various compounds of primary and secondary metabolism. For photosynthesis and energy generation, the internal membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria are equipped with electron transport chains. To perform proper electron transfer and several biosynthetic functions, both organelles contain transition metals and here iron is by far the most abundant. Although iron is thus essential for plant growth and development, it becomes toxic when present in excess and/or in its free, ionic form. The harmful effect of the latter is caused by the generation of oxidative stress. As a consequence, iron transport and homeostasis have to be tightly controlled during plant growth and development. In addition to the corresponding transport and homeostasis proteins, the vacuole plays an important role as an intracellular iron storage and release compartment at certain developmental stages. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on iron transport and homeostasis in chloroplasts, mitochondria and vacuoles. In addition, we aim to integrate the physiological impact of intracellular iron homeostasis on cellular and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Quarello 15/A, Turin I, Italy
| | - Ï Dï M Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, E�tv�s Lor�nd University, Budapest H, Hungary
| | - Sï Bastien Thomine
- Institut de Biologie Int�grative de la Cellule, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Katrin Philippar
- Plant Biology, Center for Human- and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbr�cken D, Germany
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Müller B, Kovács K, Pham HD, Kavak Y, Pechoušek J, Machala L, Zbořil R, Szenthe K, Abadía J, Fodor F, Klencsár Z, Solti Á. Chloroplasts preferentially take up ferric-citrate over iron-nicotianamine complexes in Brassica napus. PLANTA 2019; 249:751-763. [PMID: 30382344 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fe uptake machinery of chloroplasts prefers to utilise Fe(III)-citrate over Fe-nicotianamine complexes. Iron uptake in chloroplasts is a process of prime importance. Although a few members of their iron transport machinery were identified, the substrate preference of the system is still unknown. Intact chloroplasts of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) were purified and subjected to iron uptake studies using natural and artificial iron complexes. Fe-nicotianamine (NA) complexes were characterised by 5 K, 5 T Mössbauer spectrometry. Expression of components of the chloroplast Fe uptake machinery was also studied. Fe(III)-NA contained a minor paramagnetic Fe(II) component (ca. 9%), a paramagnetic Fe(III) component exhibiting dimeric or oligomeric structure (ca. 20%), and a Fe(III) complex, likely being a monomeric structure, which undergoes slow electronic relaxation at 5 K (ca. 61%). Fe(II)-NA contained more than one similar chemical Fe(II) environment with no sign of Fe(III) components. Chloroplasts preferred Fe(III)-citrate compared to Fe(III)-NA and Fe(II)-NA, but also to Fe(III)-EDTA and Fe(III)-o,o'EDDHA, and the Km value was lower for Fe(III)-citrate than for the Fe-NA complexes. Only the uptake of Fe(III)-citrate was light-dependent. Regarding the components of the chloroplast Fe uptake system, only genes of the reduction-based Fe uptake system showed high expression. Chloroplasts more effectively utilize Fe(III)-citrate, but hardly Fe-NA complexes in Fe uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Müller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kovács
- Laboratory of Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hong-Diep Pham
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yusuf Kavak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jiři Pechoušek
- Departments of Experimental Physics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Machala
- Departments of Experimental Physics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Departments of Experimental Physics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kálmán Szenthe
- RT-Europe Nonprofit Research Ltd., Vár tér 2, E Building, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200, Hungary
| | - Javier Abadía
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, 50080, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Ferenc Fodor
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Klencsár
- Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Ádám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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Selby-Pham J, Lutz A, Moreno-Moyano LT, Boughton BA, Roessner U, Johnson AAT. Diurnal Changes in Transcript and Metabolite Levels during the Iron Deficiency Response of Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:14. [PMID: 28429296 PMCID: PMC5398970 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is highly susceptible to iron (Fe) deficiency due to low secretion levels of the mugineic acid (MA) family phytosiderophore (PS) 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) into the rhizosphere. The low levels of DMA secreted by rice have proved challenging to measure and, therefore, the pattern of DMA secretion under Fe deficiency has been less extensively studied relative to other graminaceous monocot species that secrete high levels of PS, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). RESULTS Gene expression and metabolite analyses were used to characterise diurnal changes occurring during the Fe deficiency response of rice. Iron deficiency inducible genes involved in root DMA biosynthesis and secretion followed a diurnal pattern with peak induction occurring 3-5 h after the onset of light; a result consistent with that of other Strategy II plant species such as barley and wheat. Furthermore, triple quadrupole mass spectrometry identified 3-5 h after the onset of light as peak time of DMA secretion from Fe-deficient rice roots. Metabolite profiling identified accumulation of amines associated with metal chelation, metal translocation and plant oxidative stress responses occurring with peak induction 10-12 h after the onset of light. CONCLUSION The results of this study confirmed that rice shares a similar peak time of Fe deficiency associated induction of DMA secretion compared to other Strategy II plant species but has less prominent daily fluctuations of DMA secretion. It also revealed metabolic changes associated with the remediation of Fe deficiency and mitigation of damage from resulting stress in rice roots. This study complements previous studies on the genetic changes in response to Fe deficiency in rice and constitutes an important advance towards our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the rice Fe deficiency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Selby-Pham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Lutz
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Berin A Boughton
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Gao L, Chang J, Chen R, Li H, Lu H, Tao L, Xiong J. Comparison on cellular mechanisms of iron and cadmium accumulation in rice: prospects for cultivating Fe-rich but Cd-free rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:39. [PMID: 27502932 PMCID: PMC4977236 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is essential for rice growth and humans consuming as their staple food but is often deficient because of insoluble Fe(III) in soil for rice growth and limited assimilation for human bodies, while cadmium (Cd) is non-essential and toxic for rice growth and humans if accumulating at high levels. Over-accumulated Cd can cause damage to human bodies. Selecting and breeding Fe-rich but Cd-free rice cultivars are ambitious, challenging and meaningful tasks for researchers. Although evidences show that the mechanisms of Fe/Cd uptake and accumulation in rice are common to some extent as a result of similar entry routes within rice, an increasing number of researchers have discovered distinct mechanisms between Fe/Cd uptake and accumulation in rice. This comprehensive review systematically elaborates and compares cellular mechanisms of Fe/Cd uptake and accumulation in rice, respectively. Mechanisms for maintaining Fe homeostasis and Cd detoxicification are also elucidated. Then, effects of different fertilizer management on Fe/Cd accumulation in rice are discussed. Finally, this review enumerates various approaches for reducing grain Cd accumulation and enhancing Fe content in rice. In summary, understanding of discrepant cellular mechanisms of Fe/Cd accumulation in rice provides guidance for cultivating Fe-fortified rice and has paved the way to develop rice that are tolerant to Cd stress, aiming at breeding Fe-rich but Cd-free rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hubo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Longxing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejinag Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Solti Á, Kovács K, Müller B, Vázquez S, Hamar É, Pham HD, Tóth B, Abadía J, Fodor F. Does a voltage-sensitive outer envelope transport mechanism contributes to the chloroplast iron uptake? PLANTA 2016; 244:1303-1313. [PMID: 27541495 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Based on the effects of inorganic salts on chloroplast Fe uptake, the presence of a voltage-dependent step is proposed to play a role in Fe uptake through the outer envelope. Although iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in chloroplast physiology, only few pieces of information are available on the mechanisms of chloroplast Fe acquisition. Here, the effect of inorganic salts on the Fe uptake of intact chloroplasts was tested, assessing Fe and transition metal uptake using bathophenantroline-based spectrophotometric detection and plasma emission-coupled mass spectrometry, respectively. The microenvironment of Fe was studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Transition metal cations (Cd2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+) enhanced, whereas oxoanions (NO3-, SO42-, and BO33-) reduced the chloroplast Fe uptake. The effect was insensitive to diuron (DCMU), an inhibitor of chloroplast inner envelope-associated Fe uptake. The inorganic salts affected neither Fe forms in the uptake assay buffer nor those incorporated into the chloroplasts. The significantly lower Zn and Mn uptake compared to that of Fe indicates that different mechanisms/transporters are involved in their acquisition. The enhancing effect of transition metals on chloroplast Fe uptake is likely related to outer envelope-associated processes, since divalent metal cations are known to inhibit Fe2+ transport across the inner envelope. Thus, a voltage-dependent step is proposed to play a role in Fe uptake through the chloroplast outer envelope on the basis of the contrasting effects of transition metal cations and oxoaninons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Kovács
- Laboratory of Nuclear Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Müller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Saúl Vázquez
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, 50080, Saragossa, Spain
- Faculty of Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Éva Hamar
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Hong Diep Pham
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Tóth
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Javier Abadía
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, 50080, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Ferenc Fodor
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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Kontoghiorghe CN, Kolnagou A, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Phytochelators Intended for Clinical Use in Iron Overload, Other Diseases of Iron Imbalance and Free Radical Pathology. Molecules 2015; 20:20841-72. [PMID: 26610453 PMCID: PMC6332094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron chelating drugs are primarily and widely used in the treatment of transfusional iron overload in thalassaemia and similar conditions. Recent in vivo and clinical studies have also shown that chelators, and in particular deferiprone, can be used effectively in many conditions involving free radical damage and pathology including neurodegenerative, renal, hepatic, cardiac conditions and cancer. Many classes of phytochelators (Greek: phyto (φυτό)—plant, chele (χηλή)—claw of the crab) with differing chelating properties, including plant polyphenols resembling chelating drugs, can be developed for clinical use. The phytochelators mimosine and tropolone have been identified to be orally active and effective in animal models for the treatment of iron overload and maltol for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. Many critical parameters are required for the development of phytochelators for clinical use including the characterization of the therapeutic targets, ADMET, identification of the therapeutic index and risk/benefit assessment by comparison to existing therapies. Phytochelators can be developed and used as main, alternative or adjuvant therapies including combination therapies with synthetic chelators for synergistic and or complimentary therapeutic effects. The development of phytochelators is a challenging area for the introduction of new pharmaceuticals which can be used in many diseases and also in ageing. The commercial and other considerations for such development have great advantages in comparison to synthetic drugs and could also benefit millions of patients in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Kontoghiorghe
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3 Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus.
| | - Annita Kolnagou
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3 Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus.
| | - George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3 Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus.
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Yoneyama T, Ishikawa S, Fujimaki S. Route and Regulation of Zinc, Cadmium, and Iron Transport in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) during Vegetative Growth and Grain Filling: Metal Transporters, Metal Speciation, Grain Cd Reduction and Zn and Fe Biofortification. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19111-29. [PMID: 26287170 PMCID: PMC4581289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) are essential but are sometimes deficient in humans, while cadmium (Cd) is toxic if it accumulates in the liver and kidneys at high levels. All three are contained in the grains of rice, a staple cereal. Zn and Fe concentrations in rice grains harvested under different levels of soil/hydroponic metals are known to change only within a small range, while Cd concentrations show greater changes. To clarify the mechanisms underlying such different metal contents, we synthesized information on the routes of metal transport and accumulation in rice plants by examining metal speciation, metal transporters, and the xylem-to-phloem transport system. At grain-filling, Zn and Cd ascending in xylem sap are transferred to the phloem by the xylem-to-phloem transport system operating at stem nodes. Grain Fe is largely derived from the leaves by remobilization. Zn and Fe concentrations in phloem-sap and grains are regulated within a small range, while Cd concentrations vary depending on xylem supply. Transgenic techniques to increase concentrations of the metal chelators (nicotianamine, 2'-deoxymugineic acid) are useful in increasing grain Zn and Fe concentrations. The elimination of OsNRAMP5 Cd-uptake transporter and the enhancement of root cell vacuolar Cd sequestration reduce uptake and root-to-shoot transport, respectively, resulting in a reduction of grain Cd accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadakatsu Yoneyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Satoru Ishikawa
- Soil Environment Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Shu Fujimaki
- Quantum, Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
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Xiong H, Kakei Y, Kobayashi T, Guo X, Nakazono M, Takahashi H, Nakanishi H, Shen H, Zhang F, Nishizawa NK, Zuo Y. Molecular evidence for phytosiderophore-induced improvement of iron nutrition of peanut intercropped with maize in calcareous soil. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1888-902. [PMID: 23496756 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Peanut/maize intercropping is a sustainable and effective agroecosystem that evidently enhances the Fe nutrition of peanuts in calcareous soils. So far, the mechanism involved in this process has not been elucidated. In this study, we unravel the effects of phytosiderophores in improving Fe nutrition of intercropped peanuts in peanut/maize intercropping. The maize ys3 mutant, which cannot release phytosiderophores, did not improve Fe nutrition of peanut, whereas the maize ys1 mutant, which can release phytosiderophores, prevented Fe deficiency, indicating an important role of phytosiderophores in improving the Fe nutrition of intercropped peanut. Hydroponic experiments were performed to simplify the intercropping system, which revealed that phytosiderophores released by Fe-deficient wheat promoted Fe acquisition in nearby peanuts and thus improved their Fe nutrition. Moreover, the phytosiderophore deoxymugineic acid (DMA) was detected in the roots of intercropped peanuts. The yellow stripe1-like (YSL) family of genes, which are homologous to maize yellow stripe 1 (ZmYS1), were identified in peanut roots. Further characterization indicated that among five AhYSL genes, AhYSL1, which was localized in the epidermis of peanut roots, transported Fe(III)-DMA. These results imply that in alkaline soil, Fe(III)-DMA dissolved by maize might be absorbed directly by neighbouring peanuts in the peanut/maize intercropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Centre for Resource, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Solti A, Kovács K, Basa B, Vértes A, Sárvári E, Fodor F. Uptake and incorporation of iron in sugar beet chloroplasts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 52:91-7. [PMID: 22305071 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts contain 80-90% of iron taken up by plant cells. Though some iron transport-related envelope proteins were identified recently, the mechanism of iron uptake into chloroplasts remained unresolved. To shed more light on the process of chloroplast iron uptake, trials were performed with isolated intact chloroplasts of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Iron uptake was followed by measuring the iron content of chloroplasts in the form of ferrous-bathophenantroline-disulphonate complex after solubilising the chloroplasts in reducing environment. Ferric citrate was preferred to ferrous citrate as substrate for chloroplasts. Strong dependency of ferric citrate uptake on photosynthetic electron transport activity suggests that ferric chelate reductase uses NADPH, and is localised in the inner envelope membrane. The K(m) for iron uptake from ferric-citrate pool was 14.65 ± 3.13 μM Fe((III))-citrate. The relatively fast incorporation of (57)Fe isotope into Fe-S clusters/heme, detected by Mössbauer spectroscopy, showed the efficiency of the biosynthetic machinery of these cofactors in isolated chloroplasts. The negative correlation between the chloroplast iron concentration and the rate of iron uptake refers to a strong feedback regulation of the uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. lane 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary
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Köster J, Shi R, von Wirén N, Weber G. Evaluation of different column types for the hydrophilic interaction chromatographic separation of iron-citrate and copper-histidine species from plants. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4934-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Electronic structure calculation study of metal complexes with a phytosiderophore mugineic acid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Dreyfus C, Larrouy M, Cavelier F, Martinez J, Pignol D, Arnoux P. The crystallographic structure of thermoNicotianamine synthase with a synthetic reaction intermediate highlights the sequential processing mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5825-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Conte S, Stevenson D, Furner I, Lloyd A. Multiple antibiotic resistance in Arabidopsis is conferred by mutations in a chloroplast-localized transport protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:559-73. [PMID: 19675150 PMCID: PMC2754617 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.143487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Widespread antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern, and plants represent an emerging antibiotic exposure route. Recent studies indicate that crop plants fertilized with antibiotic-laden animal manure accumulate antibiotics; however, the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic entry and subcellular partitioning within plant cells remain unknown. Here, we report that mutations in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) locus Multiple Antibiotic Resistance1 (MAR1) confer resistance, while MAR1 overexpression causes hypersensitivity to multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics. Additionally, yeast expressing MAR1 are hypersensitive to the aminoglycoside G418. MAR1 encodes a protein with 11 putative transmembrane domains with low similarity to ferroportin1 from Danio rerio. A MAR1:yellow fluorescent protein fusion localizes to the chloroplast, and chloroplasts from plants overexpressing MAR1 accumulate more of the aminoglycoside gentamicin, while mar1-1 mutant chloroplasts accumulate less than the wild type. MAR1 overexpression lines are slightly chlorotic, and chlorosis is rescued by exogenous iron. MAR1 expression is also down-regulated by low iron. These data suggest that MAR1 is a plastid transporter that is likely to be involved in cellular iron homeostasis and allows opportunistic entry of multiple antibiotics into the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Conte
- Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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Harrington JM, Crumbliss AL. The redox hypothesis in siderophore-mediated iron uptake. Biometals 2009; 22:679-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Crumbliss AL, Harrington JM. Iron sequestration by small molecules: Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of natural siderophores and synthetic model compounds. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(09)00204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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