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The Role of Chosen Essential Elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Mn) in Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMPs) Dedicated to Oncology Patients-Critical Review: State-of-the-Art. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041012. [PMID: 36839370 PMCID: PMC9961387 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The scoping review aimed to characterise the role of selected essential elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Mn) in food for special medical purposes (FSMPs) aimed at oncology patients. The scope review was conducted using Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to find published references on this subject. Data from the reviewed literature were related to the physiological functions of the element in the body, and the effects of deficiencies and excesses, referring to the latest ESPEN and EFSA guidelines, among others. Important dietary indices/parameters based on the literature review are provided for each element. On the basis of the literature, data on the level of elements in patients with cancer were collected. The content of these elements in 100 mL of FSMPs was read from the manufacturers' declarations. The literature has been provided on the importance of each element in cancer. Our findings show that the essential elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, and Mn) of FSMPs for cancer patients are not adequately treated. We suggest solutions to ensure the safe use of FSMPs in oncology patients.
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Batyrova G, Kononets V, Amanzholkyzy A, Tlegenova Z, Umarova G. Chromium as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3993-4003. [PMID: 36579979 PMCID: PMC9971475 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.12.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromium (Cr) is a transition metal, natural element. Chromium is the 21st most abundant element in Earth's crust. Cr is found in soil, rocks and living organisms. It may have various oxidation states, from -2 to +6, but most of these states are too unstable to exist in any significant quantities. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to critically assess the scientific evidence on the carcinogenic effects of chromium (Cr) and to determine whether there is currently sufficient evidence to suggest that that there is a link between chromium levels in hair and blood serum and breast cancer in women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Research on the relationship between heavy metal chromium and the risk of developing breast cancer has been searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus among papers published between January 2000 and September 2020. The search used the following terms (MeSH): breast cancer, women, trace elements, metals, chromium, chemically-induced, hair, serum using additional terms. RESULTS In the second group of comparisons of women from "ecologically clean" districts of Aktobe Region, there were significantly lower indicators of the microelements in tumor tissue. The amount of Fe ranges from 38.46 to 65.39 ug/g (average 49.56±5.81 ug/g), Cu from 2.8 to 6.69 ug/g (average 5.06±1.01 ug/g), Zn from 1.89 to 5.38 ug/g (average 3.88±0.89 ug/g), Cr from zero to 6,1 ug/g (average 2.13±1.29 ug/g), Ni from 0.11 to 0.42 ug/g (average 0.28±0.067 ug/g) и Pb from zero to 0.19 ug/g (average 0.098±0.06 ug/g). CONCLUSION The article established that women who live or work in ecologically polluted areas or have problems with micronutrient exchange need in-depth screening and more frequent screening for early detection of pre- and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Batyrova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Visual Diagnostics, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Victoria Kononets
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Ainur Amanzholkyzy
- Department of Normal Phiziology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Zhenisgul Tlegenova
- Department of Internal Diseases No. 2, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Gulmira Umarova
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Scientific Management, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Jakoniuk M, Biegaj M, Kochanowicz J, Łysoń T, Lankau A, Wilkiel M, Socha K. Relationship between Selected Micronutrient Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Status, Pain Severity, and the Image of 1H MR Spectroscopy in Degenerative Spine Disease: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195586. [PMID: 36233453 PMCID: PMC9570848 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis of the spine is a common disease and constitutes a significant problem in highly developed countries. Due to the aging of the population, the number of patients with advanced degenerative changes continues to grow. Trace elements and antioxidant status may play an active role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the spine. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between total antioxidant status (TAS), the concentration of selected elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Mn) in the serum, nutritional and environmental factors, the severity of pain, and images of degenerative changes in the spine demonstrated in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). The study included 90 patients with degenerative spine disease and 40 healthy people. Serum Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The Cu/Zn molar ratio was calculated. TAS was determined spectrophotometrically using a ready-made Randox kit. The severity of spine pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale VAS. In the 1H MRS study, the fat/water ratio was determined in L1 and L5 vertebral bodies and in the L4/5 intervertebral disc. In patients with osteoarthritis of the spine, there was a reduced concentration of Zn and Cu in the serum (0.77 ± 0.22 mg/L, 1.1 ± 0.35 mg/L) compared to the control group (0.83 ± 0.13 mg/L, 1.25 ± 0.41 mg/L, respectively). In the study group, we also observed a significantly lower Cu concentration in smokers (1.07 ± 0.35 mg/L) compared to non-smokers (1.17 ± 0.34 mg/L). A relationship between the female sex and a decreased concentration of TAS in the serum, both in people with degenerative spine disease and in healthy people, has been demonstrated. In patients with serum TAS levels below the reference values, the fat/water ratio was higher in the L5 spine shaft, while in those with elevated Mn levels, the value was higher in the L4/L5 intervertebral disc, which indicates a greater degree of degeneration in both cases. Patients with normal serum Cu concentration experienced lower pain intensity assessed in the VAS scale. The study showed some abnormalities in serum trace element levels and TAS in patients with osteoarthritis of the spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jakoniuk
- Department of Invasive Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a Street, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-21-22
| | - Magdalena Biegaj
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a Street, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Łysoń
- Department of Invasive Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a Street, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lankau
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 7a Street, 15-096 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marianna Wilkiel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a Street, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Clases D, Gonzalez de Vega R. Facets of ICP-MS and their potential in the medical sciences-Part 1: fundamentals, stand-alone and hyphenated techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7337-7361. [PMID: 36028724 PMCID: PMC9482897 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception in the early 80s, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry has developed to the method of choice for the analysis of elements in complex biological systems. High sensitivity paired with isotopic selectivity and a vast dynamic range endorsed ICP-MS for the inquiry of metals in the context of biomedical questions. In a stand-alone configuration, it has optimal qualities for the biomonitoring of major, trace and toxicologically relevant elements and may further be employed for the characterisation of disrupted metabolic pathways in the context of diverse pathologies. The on-line coupling to laser ablation (LA) and chromatography expanded the scope and application range of ICP-MS and set benchmarks for accurate and quantitative speciation analysis and element bioimaging. Furthermore, isotopic analysis provided new avenues to reveal an altered metabolism, for the application of tracers and for calibration approaches. In the last two decades, the scope of ICP-MS was further expanded and inspired by the introduction of new instrumentation and methodologies including novel and improved hardware as well as immunochemical methods. These additions caused a paradigm shift for the biomedical application of ICP-MS and its impact in the medical sciences and enabled the analysis of individual cells, their microenvironment, nanomaterials considered for medical applications, analysis of biomolecules and the design of novel bioassays. These new facets are gradually recognised in the medical communities and several clinical trials are underway. Altogether, ICP-MS emerged as an extremely versatile technique with a vast potential to provide novel insights and complementary perspectives and to push the limits in the medical disciplines. This review will introduce the different facets of ICP-MS and will be divided into two parts. The first part will cover instrumental basics, technological advances, and fundamental considerations as well as traditional and current applications of ICP-MS and its hyphenated techniques in the context of biomonitoring, bioimaging and elemental speciation. The second part will build on this fundament and describe more recent directions with an emphasis on nanomedicine, immunochemistry, mass cytometry and novel bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Clases
- Nano Mirco LAB, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Rezapour M, Rezapour HA, Chegeni M, Khanjani N. Exposure to cadmium and head and neck cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:577-584. [PMID: 33544537 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant. A number of observational studies have reported that Cd might be a cause of nasopharyngeal (NPC), pharyngeal (PC), or laryngeal cancers (LC). In this study evidence about the relation of Cd and NPC, PC, and LC has been summarized. A literature review was conducted until 20 June 2020 in PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar databases to investigate the epidemiologic evidence for the relation between cadmium exposure and cancers of the nasopharynx, pharynx, and larynx. Ten articles were selected after careful screening of retrieved studies. All of these studies obtained a Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality score from 6 to 8. Due to high heterogeneity, in all analyses, random effect was used. The pooled results showed that cadmium levels in NPC (standard mean difference (SMD=0.55; 95% CI=0.20, 0.89; p=0.002) and PC (SMD=9.79; 95% CI=0.62, 18.96; p=0.036) patients/tissues were significantly higher than their controls. But cadmium levels were not significantly different between LC cases/tissues and their controls. (SMD=-0.05; 95% CI=-0.99, 0.89; p=0.921). Exposure to cadmium is likely to cause nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysam Rezapour
- Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Habib Allah Rezapour
- Mahmood Abad Health and Care Network, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Chegeni
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center & Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76169-13555, Iran
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Babak MV, Ahn D. Modulation of Intracellular Copper Levels as the Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Copper Complexes: Clinical Relevance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080852. [PMID: 34440056 PMCID: PMC8389626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital element required for cellular growth and development; however, even slight changes in its homeostasis might lead to severe toxicity and deleterious medical conditions. Cancer patients are typically associated with higher Cu content in serum and tumor tissues, indicating increased demand of cancer cells for this micronutrient. Cu is known to readily cycle between the +1 and +2 oxidation state in biological systems. The mechanism of action of Cu complexes is typically based on their redox activity and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to deadly oxidative stress. However, there are a number of other biomolecular mechanisms beyond ROS generation that contribute to the activity of anticancer Cu drug candidates. In this review, we discuss how interfering with intracellular Cu balance via either diet modification or addition of inorganic Cu supplements or Cu-modulating compounds affects tumor development, progression, and sensitivity to treatment modalities. We aim to provide the rationale for the use of Cu-depleting and Cu-overloading conditions to generate the best possible patient outcome with minimal toxicity. We also discuss the advantages of the use of pre-formed Cu complexes, such as Cu-(bis)thiosemicarbazones or Cu-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones, in comparison with the in situ formed Cu complexes with metal-binding ligands. In this review, we summarize available clinical and mechanistic data on clinically relevant anticancer drug candidates, including Cu supplements, Cu chelators, Cu ionophores, and Cu complexes.
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Haen P, Crescence L, Mege D, Altié A, Dubois C, Panicot-Dubois L. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Associated with a Low Thrombosis Risk Due to Storage Pool Deficiency in Platelets. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030228. [PMID: 33668375 PMCID: PMC7996194 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) disease is the second most common cause of mortality in cancer patients, and evaluation and prevention of thrombosis risk is essential. VTE-associated risk varies according to the type of tumor disease. Oral cancer is the most frequent type of head and neck cancer, and it represents approximately 2.1% of all cancers worldwide. Most tumors are squamous cell carcinomas and are mainly due to tobacco and alcohol abuse. VTE risk associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is low. However, many studies have shown that OSCC has the following biological features of cancers associated with a high thrombosis risk: modified thrombosis and fibrinolysis mechanisms; strong expression of procoagulant proteins; secretion of procoagulant microparticles; and production of procoagulant cytokines. Using an original mouse model of tongue squamous cell carcinoma, our study aimed to clarify this paradoxical situation. First, we showed that OSCC tumors have a pro-aggregatory phenotype and a high local thrombosis risk. Second, we found that tongue tumor mice do not have an elevated systemic thrombosis risk (the risk of an "at distance" thrombosis event such as lower extremity deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) and even show a reduction in risk. Third, we demonstrated that tongue tumor mice show a reduction in platelet reactivity, which explains the low systemic thrombosis risk. Finally, we found that tongue tumor mice present granule pool deficiency, thereby explaining the reduction in platelet reactivity and systemic thrombosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Haen
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, 13885 Marseille, France; (P.H.); (L.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.D.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Laveran Military and Academic Hospital, 13384 Marseille, France
| | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, 13885 Marseille, France; (P.H.); (L.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.D.)
- Aix Marseille Université, PIVMI, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Diane Mege
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, 13885 Marseille, France; (P.H.); (L.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.D.)
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Timone University Hospital, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Altié
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, 13885 Marseille, France; (P.H.); (L.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.D.)
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, 13885 Marseille, France; (P.H.); (L.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.D.)
- Aix Marseille Université, PIVMI, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Panicot-Dubois
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, 13885 Marseille, France; (P.H.); (L.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.D.)
- Aix Marseille Université, PIVMI, 13885 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
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8
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Non-invasive prostate cancer screening using chemometric processing of macro and trace element concentration profiles in urine. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Amais RS, Donati GL, Zezzi Arruda MA. ICP-MS and trace element analysis as tools for better understanding medical conditions. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Szukalska M, Szyfter K, Florek E, Rodrigo JP, Rinaldo A, Mäkitie AA, Strojan P, Takes RP, Suárez C, Saba NF, Braakhuis BJ, Ferlito A. Electronic Cigarettes and Head and Neck Cancer Risk-Current State of Art. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3274. [PMID: 33167393 PMCID: PMC7694366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarettes have become increasingly popular in the last decade and are considered less harmful than traditional tobacco products due to the lower content of toxic and carcinogenic compounds. However, this is still a controversial issue. This paper contains a review of previous reports on the composition of e-cigarettes and their impact on the pathogenesis and risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). The objective of the review was to compare the molecular and health effects of e-cigarette use in relation to the effects of traditional cigarette smoking in the upper respiratory tract, and to assess the safety and effect of e-cigarettes on HNC risk. A review for English language articles published until 31 August 2020 was made, using a PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL Plus, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science data. The authors reviewed articles on both toxic and carcinogenic compounds contained in e-cigarettes and their molecular and health effects on the upper respiratory tract in comparison to tobacco cigarettes. The risk of developing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains lower in users of e-cigarettes compared with tobacco smokers. However, more long-term studies are needed to better address the safety of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szukalska
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szyfter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Juan P. Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, CIBERONC, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | | | - Antti A. Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland;
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Robert P. Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Carlos Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, CIBERONC, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Nabil F. Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | | | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, 35100 Padua, Italy;
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Dobrzynska M, Napierala M, Florek E. Flavonoid Nanoparticles: A Promising Approach for Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091268. [PMID: 32887473 PMCID: PMC7564267 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a ubiquitous group of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, have recently gained importance as anticancer agents. Unfortunately, due to low solubility, absorption, and rapid metabolism of dietary flavonoids, their anticancer potential is not sufficient. Nanocarriers can improve the bioavailability of flavonoids. In this review we aimed to evaluate studies on the anticancer activity of flavonoid nanoparticles. A review of English language articles published until 30 June 2020 was conducted, using PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL Plus, Cochrane, and Web of Science data. Most studies determining the anticancer properties of flavonoid nanoparticles are preclinical. The potential anticancer activity focuses mainly on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, A549 lung cancer cells, HepG2 liver cancer cells, and melanoma cells. The flavonoid nanoparticles can also support the anti-tumour effect of drugs used in cancer therapy by enhancing the anti-tumour effect or reducing the systemic toxicity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Dobrzynska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-354 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marta Napierala
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (E.F.); Tel.: +48-61-847-2081 (E.F.)
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (E.F.); Tel.: +48-61-847-2081 (E.F.)
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12
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Elemental characterization of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with smoking, prognosis and survival. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10382. [PMID: 32587307 PMCID: PMC7316707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) mainly affects individuals aged between 50 and 70 years who consume tobacco and alcohol. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of known toxic and carcinogenic molecules, and a few studies have sought to verify the relationship of such trace elements as risk or prognostic factors for head and neck cancer. We obtained 78 samples of tumor tissues from patients with OCSCC, and performed a qualitative elemental characterization using the micro X-Ray Fluorescence technique based on synchrotron radiation. We found the presence of magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic and bromine in OCSCC samples. Magnesium, chlorine, chromium, manganese, nickel, arsenic and bromine are associated with smoking. We observed a significant association between relapse and chlorine and chromium. The presence of chlorine in the samples was an independent protective factor against relapse (OR = 0.105, CI = 0.01–0.63) and for best disease-free survival (HR = 0.194, CI = 0.04–0.87). Reporting for the first time in oral cancer, these results suggest a key relationship between smoking and the presence of certain elements. In addition, chlorine proved to be important in the context of patient prognosis and survival.
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Miroshnikov SA, Skalny AV, Zavyalov OA, Frolov AN, Grabeklis AR. The Reference Values of Hair Content of Trace Elements in Dairy Cows of Holstein Breed. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:145-151. [PMID: 31175633 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess trace element content in hair of Holstein dairy cows bred in the Leningrad Region of Russia and to calculate the site-specific reference intervals. Hair content of arsenic, boron, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, iodine, lithium, manganese, lead, selenium, silicon, tin, strontium, vanadium, and zinc in 148 cows during first (n = 50), second (n = 48), and third (n = 50) lactation periods of life was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Dietary intake of trace elements corresponded to the adequate values according to national and international recommendations. Comparative analysis did not reveal any significant differences in hair content of main essential elements on the animals depending on the number of lactation. At the same time, the first-lactation cows had significantly (P < 0.05) lower concentration of lead in hair as compared to the third-lactation cows and a higher level of mercury as compared to the second-lactation cows. The reference intervals and 90% confidence intervals for the lower and upper limits were calculated in agreement with the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standard Guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Miroshnikov
- Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9th January str., 29, Orenburg, Russia, 460000
- Orenburg State University, Pobedy ave. 13, Orenburg, Russia, 460018
| | - A V Skalny
- Orenburg State University, Pobedy ave. 13, Orenburg, Russia, 460018
- P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya str., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150000
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya str., 8, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - O A Zavyalov
- Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9th January str., 29, Orenburg, Russia, 460000
| | - A N Frolov
- Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9th January str., 29, Orenburg, Russia, 460000
| | - A R Grabeklis
- P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya str., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150000.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya str., 8, Moscow, Russia, 117198.
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14
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Zhang N, Chen M, Li J, Deng Y, Li SL, Guo YX, Li N, Lin Y, Yu P, Liu Z, Zhu J. Metal nickel exposure increase the risk of congenital heart defects occurrence in offspring: A case-control study in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15352. [PMID: 31045777 PMCID: PMC6504320 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have investigated heavy metal exposure could increase the occurrence of congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, there are limited data regarding the relationship between exposure to nickel and CHDs occurrence in offspring. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between nickel exposure in mothers and the risk of CHDs in offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS To explore the association of nickel exposure and occurrence of CHD, a case-control study with 490 controls and 399 cases with CHDs in China were developed. The concentrations of nickel in hair of pregnant woman and fetal placental tissue were measured and used a logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between nickel exposure and risk of CHD. RESULTS The median concentrations of nickel were 0.629 ng/mg, P < .05 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.326; 95% CI, 1.003-1.757) and 0.178 ng/mg, P < .05 (aOR, 2.204; 95% CI, 0.783-6.206), in maternal hair and in fetal placental tissue in the CHD group, respectively. Significant differences in the level of nickel in hair were also found in the different CHD subtypes including septal defects (P < .05), conotruncal defects (P < .05), right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (P < .01), and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (P < .05). Dramatically different nickel concentrations in fetal placenta tissue were found in cases with other heart defects (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The finding suggested that the occurrence of CHDs may be associated with nickel exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Red Cross Central Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi
| | - Ying Deng
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Sheng-li Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yi-xiong Guo
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Nana Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Yu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Zhen Liu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu
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15
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Szyfter K, Napierala M, Florek E, Braakhuis BJM, Takes RP, Rodrigo JP, Rinaldo A, Silver CE, Ferlito A. Molecular and health effects in the upper respiratory tract associated with tobacco smoking other than cigarettes. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2635-2643. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Napierala
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of ToxicologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of ToxicologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | | | - Robert P. Takes
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical CentreRadboud Institute for Health Sciences Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Juan P. Rodrigo
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, IUOPAUniversity of Oviedo, CIBERONC Oviedo Spain
| | - Alessandra Rinaldo
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Udine School of Medicine Udine Italy
| | - Carl E. Silver
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix AZ
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
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16
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The role of heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the oncogenesis of head and neck tumors and thyroid diseases: a pilot study. Biometals 2018. [PMID: 29520558 PMCID: PMC5978909 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous literature has highlighted the mechanisms of molecular toxicity induced by substances such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, barium and PCBs. The research was carried out on 20 volunteers, all the patients gave their consent to the research: the aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of metals and PCBs in these different matrices (blood and hair), correlating the biochemical data to pathological conditions present, and also to the area in which patients resided. Various quantitative determinations were carried out on samples of blood and hair for 14 heavy metals and on blood samples for 12 PCBs. For the 11 patients the results indicated that blood levels for half of the 14 displayed heavy metals measured considerably higher compared to the reference values, whilst the levels measured in hair evidenced some positive values significantly higher than the maximum reference. Of the 12 PCBs assayed in blood some showed higher positive values compared to the maximum tabular reference (although there is no clear reference quantified in the WHO-2005 report). In the 9 healthy patients heavy metals in the blood were within the expected target range, with those showing positive results (≤ 3 out of 14 heavy metals for each patient) having values only slightly higher than the reference maximum. The levels of 14 heavy metals measured in hair were below thresholds, and levels for the 12 PCBs measured in blood showed negativity or positivity with values close to the minimum benchmarks. The analyses carried out on biological matrices have uncovered important and significant differences between healthy and unhealthy subjects, both qualitative and quantitative differences with respect to heavy metals and PCBs. All patients with head and neck cancer enlisted for the study had heavy metal and PCB blood levels at least twice the maximum reference level. The levels of heavy metals in hair were at least double the maximum reference. In contrast, all healthy volunteers enrolled showed no significant levels for either metals or PCBs.
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17
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Elemental hair analysis: A review of procedures and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 992:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Qayyum MA, Shah MH. Study of trace metal imbalances in the blood, scalp hair and nails of oral cancer patients from Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:191-201. [PMID: 28343039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is an important cause of cancer morbidity and mortality globally and exposure to trace metals alongside tobacco, alcohol and HPV are the important etiological factors in its development. Selected essential and toxic trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured in the blood, scalp hair and nails of oral cancer patients and counterpart controls by atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean concentrations of Cd, Ni and Pb were found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) and those of Cu, Fe and Zn were considerably lower in the blood, scalp hair and nails of the patients than the controls. Most of the metal concentrations exhibited higher dispersion and asymmetry in the blood, scalp hair and nails of the patients compared with the controls. The correlation study revealed significantly diverse relationships among the metals in blood, scalp hair and nails of both donor groups. Variations in the metal levels were also noted for various stages (I, II, III & IV) as well as the types (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) of oral cancer. Multivariate cluster analysis of the metal levels in the patients were also significantly dissimilar than the controls. The study evidenced considerably divergent variations in the metal levels in oral cancer patients in comparison with the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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19
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Zhang N, Liu Z, Tian X, Chen M, Deng Y, Guo Y, Li N, Yu P, Yang J, Zhu J. Barium exposure increases the risk of congenital heart defects occurrence in offspring. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017; 56:132-139. [PMID: 28705031 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1343479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Several studies have investigated the association between heavy metal exposure and congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, there are limited data regarding the relationship between barium exposure and the occurrence of CHDs. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between barium exposure in mothers and the risk of CHD in offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a case-control study with 399 cases and 490 controls with normal live births in China. The concentrations of barium in hair of pregnant woman and fetal placenta were measured. We used a logistic regression analysis to explore the association between barium exposure and the risk of CHD. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis indicated that the median concentration of barium in maternal hair in the CHD group was 4.180 ng/mg (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.230; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.146-1.321; p < .001), which was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.740 ng/mg). Furthermore, the median concentration of barium in fetal placental tissue in the CHD group was 0.617 ng/mg, while that in the control group was 0.447 ng/mg (aOR, 1.392; 95% CI, 1.074-1.659; p = .003). Significant differences in the concentration of barium in hair were also found between the different CHD subtypes and the controls. These differences were found in cases with septal defects (p < .001), conotruncal defects (p < .001), right ventricular outflow track obstruction (p < .001), left ventricular outflow track obstruction (p < .001), and anomalous pulmonary venous return (p = .010). Significantly different barium concentrations in fetal tissue were only found in cases with septal defects (p = .010). CONCLUSIONS Maternal barium exposure was dose-dependently related to the risk of CHD in the offspring. Our findings suggest that the occurrence of some subtypes of CHD is associated with barium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- a National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,c State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Zhen Liu
- a National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Xiaoxian Tian
- d Department of Ultrasound , Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning , PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- e Department of Ultrasound , Harbin Red cross Central Hospital , Harbin , PR China
| | - Ying Deng
- a National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Yixiong Guo
- b Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Nana Li
- b Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Ping Yu
- b Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Yang
- f Department of Ultrasound , Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Jun Zhu
- a National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
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20
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Herman M, Golasik M, Piekoszewski W, Walas S, Napierala M, Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M, Kurhanska-Flisykowska A, Wozniak A, Florek E. Essential and Toxic Metals in Oral Fluid-a Potential Role in the Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:275-82. [PMID: 26942441 PMCID: PMC5018033 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, many studies have investigated the relationship between the level of metals in the body and various diseases. The objective of this study was to examine any possible influence of periodontal disease upon the concentration of metals in oral fluid and blood and to explore the usability of applying cluster analysis coupled with the analysis of selected elements in oral fluid, calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), for effectively distinguishing people affected by periodontitis from healthy individuals. The quantification of eight metals in oral fluid and blood samples was performed by two inductively coupled plasma techniques-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Most of the examined elements were detected at elevated concentration in the oral fluid of periodontal patients. However, the differences were statistically significant in the case of three metals: Cu, Mg and Mn (p < 0.05). Approximately, fivefold increase in the concentration of Cu, threefold-elevated levels of Mn and a twofold increase in the concentration of Mg were found in the oral fluid of the periodontal patients compared to the controls. Cluster analysis confirmed the statistical significance of the differences in the level of metals in the oral fluid between the two groups in most cases, plus enabled the correct classification of the subjects into patients and controls. The relationship between concentrations of metals and periodontal disease may in the future serve to prevent the development of such disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Herman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Golasik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
- Laboratory of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Regional Laboratory of Physicochemical Analysis and Structural Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Walas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Napierala
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Anna Kurhanska-Flisykowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-820, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Wozniak
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631, Poznan, Poland.
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