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Upparahalli Venkateshaiah S, Yadavalli CS, Kandikattu HK, Kumar S, Oruganti L, Mishra A. Molecules involved in the development of Barrett's esophagus phenotype in chronic eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G31-G43. [PMID: 35437997 PMCID: PMC9190763 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00321.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the molecules involved in development of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in human eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Histopathological, immunohistochemical, real-time PCR Immuno blot, and ELISA analyses are performed to identify the signature genes and proteins involved in the progression of BE in EoE. We detected characteristic features of BE like intermediate columnar-type epithelial cells, induced BE signature genes like ErbB3, CDX1, ErbB2IP in the esophageal mucosa of patients with EoE. In addition, we had observed several BE-associated proteins such as TFF3, p53 and the progression markers like EGFR, p16, MICA, MICB, and MHC molecules in esophageal biopsies of patients with chronic EoE. Interestingly, we also detected mucin-producing columnar cells and MUC-2, MUC-4, and MUC5AC genes and proteins along with induced IL-9 in patients with chronic EoE. A strong correlation of IL-9 with mucin genes is observed that implicated a possible role for IL-9 in the transformation of esophageal squamous epithelial cells to columnar epithelial cells in patients with EoE. These findings indicate that IL-9 may have an important role in BE development in patients with chronic EoE. We also discovered that IL-9 stimulates mucin-producing and barrier cell transcripts and proteins such CK8/18, GATA4, SOX9, TFF1, MUC5AC, and tight junction proteins in primary esophageal epithelial cells when exposed to IL-9. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that indeed IL-9 has a role in the initiation and progression of BE characteristics like development of mucin-producing columnar epithelial cells in patients with chronic EoE.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intermediate columnar-type epithelial cells are observed in biopsies of patients with EoE. Induced BE signature genes (CK8/18, CDX1 GATA4, SOX9, and Occludin) were observed in patients with chronic EoE. Induction of IL-9 and its correlation with eosinophils mucin-producing genes and proteins was observed in patients with EoE. Induced IL-9 may be responsible for the development of BE in patients with chronic EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chandra Sekhar Yadavalli
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lokanatha Oruganti
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Anil Mishra
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Ballester B, Milara J, Cortijo J. Mucins as a New Frontier in Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091447. [PMID: 31514468 PMCID: PMC6780288 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pulmonary disease with a median survival of 3–5 years after diagnosis. Recent evidence identifies mucins as key effectors in cell growth and tissue remodeling processes compatible with the processes observed in IPF. Mucins are classified in two groups depending on whether they are secreted (secreted mucins) or tethered to cell membranes (transmembrane mucins). Secreted mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6-8 and MUC19) are released to the extracellular medium and recent evidence has shown that a promoter polymorphism in the secreted mucin MUC5B is associated with IPF risk. Otherwise, transmembrane mucins (MUC1, MUC3, MUC4, MUC12-17 and MUC20) have a receptor-like structure, sensing the external environment and activating intracellular signal transduction pathways essential for mucosal maintenance and damage repair. In this context, the extracellular domain can be released to the external environment by metalloproteinase action, increased in IPF, thus activating fibrotic processes. For example, several studies have reported increased serum extracellular secreted KL6/MUC1 during IPF acute exacerbation. Moreover, MUC1 and MUC4 overexpression in the main IPF cells has been observed. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of mucins as promising druggable targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ballester
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Milara
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Research and teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
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Zhou X, Kinlough CL, Hughey RP, Jin M, Inoue H, Etling E, Modena BD, Kaminski N, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, Jarjour NN, Trudeau JB, Holguin F, Ray A, Wenzel SE. Sialylation of MUC4β N-glycans by ST6GAL1 orchestrates human airway epithelial cell differentiation associated with type-2 inflammation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122475. [PMID: 30730306 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although type-2-induced (T2-induced) epithelial dysfunction is likely to profoundly alter epithelial differentiation and repair in asthma, the mechanisms for these effects are poorly understood. A role for specific mucins, heavily N-glycosylated epithelial glycoproteins, in orchestrating epithelial cell fate in response to T2 stimuli has not previously been investigated. Levels of a sialylated MUC4β isoform were found to be increased in airway specimens from asthmatic patients in association with T2 inflammation. We hypothesized that IL-13 would increase sialylation of MUC4β, thereby altering its function and that the β-galactoside α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1) would regulate the sialylation. Using human biologic specimens and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells (HAECs),we demonstrated that IL-13 increases ST6GAL1-mediated sialylation of MUC4β and that both were increased in asthma, particularly in sputum supernatant and/or fresh isolated HAECs with elevated T2 biomarkers. ST6GAL1-induced sialylation of MUC4β altered its lectin binding and secretion. Both ST6GAL1 and MUC4β inhibited epithelial cell proliferation while promoting goblet cell differentiation. These in vivo and in vitro data provide strong evidence for a critical role for ST6GAL1-induced sialylation of MUC4β in epithelial dysfunction associated with T2-high asthma, thereby identifying specific sialylation pathways as potential targets in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol L Kinlough
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca P Hughey
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mingzhu Jin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hideki Inoue
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Allergy Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emily Etling
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian D Modena
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Meyers
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John B Trudeau
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gautam SK, Kumar S, Cannon A, Hall B, Bhatia R, Nasser MW, Mahapatra S, Batra SK, Jain M. MUC4 mucin- a therapeutic target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:657-669. [PMID: 28460571 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1323880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by mucin overexpression. MUC4 is the most differentially overexpressed membrane-bound mucin that plays a functional role in disease progression and therapy resistance. Area covered: We describe the clinicopathological significance of MUC4, summarize mechanisms contributing to its deregulated expression, review preclinical studies aimed at inhibiting MUC4, and discuss how MUC4 overexpression provides opportunities for developing targeted therapies. Finally, we discuss the challenges for developing MUC4-based therapeutics, and identify areas where efforts should be directed to effectively exploit MUC4 as a therapeutic target for PC. Expert opinion: Studies demonstrating that abrogation of MUC4 expression reduces proliferation and metastasis of PC cells and enhances sensitivity to therapeutic agents affirm its utility as a therapeutic target. Emerging evidence also supports the suitability of MUC4 as a potential immunotherapy target. However, these studies have been limited to in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo approaches using xenograft tumors in immunodeficient murine models. For translational relevance, MUC4-targeted therapies should be evaluated in murine models with intact immune system and accurate tumor microenvironment. Additionally, future studies evaluating MUC4 as a target for immunotherapy must entail characterization of immune response in PC patients and investigate its association with immunosuppression and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K Gautam
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Andrew Cannon
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Bradley Hall
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Rakesh Bhatia
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,d Department of Pediatrics , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,e Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,e Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,e Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
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Abstract
Since the discovery of IL-9 almost three decades back as a growth factor, we have come a long way to understand its pleiotropic functions in the immune system. Despite its many functions, IL-9 still remains as an understudied cytokine. In the last decade, renewed emphasis has been provided to understand the biology of IL-9. Any growth factor or cytokine signals via its cognate receptor to mediate biological functions. In this chapter, we discuss the IL-9 signal transduction in different cell types, which would then exert its distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijendra Nath Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, NIT-Agartala, Jirania, 799046, Tripura, India
| | - Ritobrata Goswami
- School of Bio Science, Sir JC Bose Laboratory Complex, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Lakshmanan I, Ponnusamy MP, Macha MA, Haridas D, Majhi PD, Kaur S, Jain M, Batra SK, Ganti AK. Mucins in lung cancer: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:19-27. [PMID: 25319180 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of mucins is associated with cancer development and metastasis. An overexpression of few mucins contributes to oncogenesis by enhancing cancer cell growth and providing constitutive survival signals. This review focuses on the importance of mucins both in the normal bronchial epithelial cells and the malignant tumors of the lung and their contribution in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer patients. During lung cancer progression, mucins either alone or through their interaction with many receptor tyrosine kinases mediate cell signals for growth and survival of cancer cells. Also, stage-specific expression of certain mucins, like MUC1, is associated with poor prognosis from lung cancer. Thus, mucins are emerging as attractive targets for developing novel therapeutic approaches for lung cancer. Several strategies targeting mucin expression and function are currently being investigated to control lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, †Department of Pathology and Microbiology, ‡Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, §Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, and ‖Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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7
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Macha MA, Krishn SR, Jahan R, Banerjee K, Batra SK, Jain M. Emerging potential of natural products for targeting mucins for therapy against inflammation and cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:277-88. [PMID: 25624117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated mucin expression is a hallmark of several inflammatory and malignant pathologies. Emerging evidence suggests that, apart from biomarkers, these deregulated mucins are functional contributors to the pathogenesis in inflammation and cancer. Both overexpression and downregulation of mucins in various organ systems is associated with pathobiology of inflammation and cancer. Restoration of mucin homeostasis has become an important goal for therapy and management of such disorders has fueled the quest for selective mucomodulators. With improved understanding of mucin regulation and mechanistic insights into their pathobiological roles, there is optimism to find selective non-toxic agents capable of modulating mucin expression and function. Recently, natural compounds derived from dietary sources have drawn attention due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties and low toxicity. Considerable efforts have been directed towards evaluating dietary natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents; identification, characterization and synthesis of their active compounds; and improving their delivery and bioavailability. We describe the current understanding of mucin regulation, rationale for targeting mucins with natural products and discuss some natural products that modulate mucin expression and functions. We further discuss the approaches and parameters that should guide future research to identify and evaluate selective natural mucomodulators for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kasturi Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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8
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Kiwamoto T, Katoh T, Evans CM, Janssen WJ, Brummet ME, Hudson SA, Zhu Z, Tiemeyer M, Bochner BS. Endogenous airway mucins carry glycans that bind Siglec-F and induce eosinophil apoptosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1329-1340.e9. [PMID: 25497369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialic acid-binding, immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) F is a glycan-binding protein selectively expressed on mouse eosinophils. Its engagement induces apoptosis, suggesting a pathway for ameliorating eosinophilia in the setting of asthma and other eosinophil-associated diseases. Siglec-F recognizes sialylated sulfated glycans in glycan-binding assays, but the identities of endogenous sialoside ligands and their glycoprotein carriers in vivo are unknown. OBJECTIVES To use mouse lung-derived materials to isolate, biochemically identify, and biologically characterize naturally occurring endogenous glycan ligands for Siglec-F. METHODS Lungs from normal and mucin-deficient mice, as well as mouse tracheal epithelial cells, were investigated in vitro and in vivo for the expression of Siglec-F ligands. Western blotting and cytochemistry used Siglec-F-Fc as a probe for directed purification, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of recognized glycoproteins. Purified components were tested in mouse eosinophil-binding assays and flow cytometry-based cell death assays. RESULTS We detected mouse lung glycoproteins that bound to Siglec-F; binding was sialic acid dependent. Proteomic analysis of Siglec-F binding material identified Muc5b and Muc4. Cross-affinity enrichment and histochemical analysis of lungs from mucin-deficient mice assigned and validated the identity of Muc5b as one glycoprotein ligand for Siglec-F. Purified mucin preparations carried sialylated and sulfated glycans, bound to eosinophils and induced their death in vitro. Mice conditionally deficient in Muc5b displayed exaggerated eosinophilic inflammation in response to intratracheal installation of IL-13. CONCLUSIONS These data identify a previously unrecognized endogenous anti-inflammatory property of airway mucins by which their glycans can control lung eosinophilia through engagement of Siglec-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kiwamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Toshihiko Katoh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045
| | - William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
| | - Mary E Brummet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Sherry A Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
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Hordyjewska A, Popiołek Ł, Horecka A. Characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells of umbilical cord blood. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:387-96. [PMID: 25373337 PMCID: PMC4371573 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood collected from the postpartum placenta and cord is a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and is an alternative to bone marrow transplantation. In this review we wanted to describe the differences (in phenotype, cytokine production, quantity and quality of cells) between stem cells from umbilical cord blood, bone marrow and peripheral blood. HSCs present in cord blood are more primitive than their counterparts in bone marrow or peripheral blood, and have several advantages including high proliferation. With using proper cytokine combination, HSCs can be effectively developed into different cell lines. This process is used in medicine, especially in hematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hordyjewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Univeristy of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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10
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Zhu Y, Zhang JJ, Xie KL, Tang J, Liang WB, Zhu R, Zhu Y, Wang B, Tao JQ, Zhi XF, Li Z, Gao WT, Jiang KR, Miao Y, Xu ZK. Specific-detection of clinical samples, systematic functional investigations, and transcriptome analysis reveals that splice variant MUC4/Y contributes to the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer by triggering malignancy-related positive feedback loops signaling. J Transl Med 2014; 12:309. [PMID: 25367394 PMCID: PMC4236435 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MUC4 plays important roles in the malignant progression of human pancreatic cancer. But the huge length of MUC4 gene fragment restricts its functional and mechanism research. As one of its splice variants, MUC4/Y with coding sequence is most similar to that of the full-length MUC4 (FL-MUC4), together with alternative splicing of the MUC4 transcript has been observed in pancreatic carcinomas but not in normal pancreas. So we speculated that MUC4/Y might be involved in malignant progression similarly to FL-MUC4, and as a research model of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer. The conjecture was confirmed in the present study. Methods MUC4/Y expression was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using gene-specific probe in the clinic samples. The effects of MUC4/Y were observed by serial in vitro and in vivo experiments based on stable over-expressed cell model. The underlying mechanisms were investigated by sequence-based transcriptome analysis and verified by qRT-PCR, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results The detection of clinical samples indicates that MUC4/Y is significantly positive-correlated with tumor invasion and distant metastases. Based on stable forced-expressed pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell model, functional studies show that MUC4/Y enhances malignant activity in vitro and in vivo, including proliferation under low-nutritional-pressure, resistance to apoptosis, motility, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and distant metastasis. Mechanism studies indicate the novel finding that MUC4/Y triggers malignancy-related positive feedback loops for concomitantly up-regulating the expression of survival factors to resist adverse microenvironment and increasing the expression of an array of cytokines and adhesion molecules to affect the tumor milieu. Conclusions In light of the enormity of the potential regulatory circuitry in cancer afforded by MUC4 and/or MUC4/Y, repressing MUC4 transcription, inhibiting post-transcriptional regulation, including alternative splicing, or blocking various pathways simultaneously may be helpful for controlling malignant progression. MUC4/Y- expression model is proven to a valuable tool for the further dissection of MUC4-mediated functions and mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-014-0309-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tumor Biology, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tumor Biology, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kun-Ling Xie
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Biao Liang
- Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Qiu Tao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Tao Gao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tumor Biology, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kui-Rong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tumor Biology, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tumor Biology, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ze-Kuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tumor Biology, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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Chen AC, Migliaccio I, Rimawi M, Lopez-Tarruella S, Creighton CJ, Massarweh S, Huang C, Wang YC, Batra SK, Gutierrez MC, Osborne CK, Schiff R. Upregulation of mucin4 in ER-positive/HER2-overexpressing breast cancer xenografts with acquired resistance to endocrine and HER2-targeted therapies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:583-93. [PMID: 22644656 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied resistance to endocrine and HER2-targeted therapies using a xenograft model of estrogen receptor positive (ER)/HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Here, we report a novel phenotype of drug resistance in this model. MCF7/HER2-18 xenografts were treated with endocrine therapy alone or in combination with lapatinib and trastuzumab (LT) to inhibit HER2. Archival tumor tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with mucicarmine. RNA extracted from tumors at early time points and late after acquired resistance were analyzed for mucin4 (MUC4) expression by microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. Protein expression of the MUC4, ER, and HER2 signaling pathways was measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The combination of the potent anti-HER2 regimen LT with either tamoxifen (Tam + LT) or estrogen deprivation (ED + LT) can cause complete eradication of ER-positive/HER2-overexpressing tumors in mice. Tumors developing resistance to this combination, as well as those acquiring resistance to endocrine therapy alone, exhibited a distinct histological and molecular phenotype-a striking increase in mucin-filled vacuoles and upregulation of several mucins including MUC4. At the onset of resistance, MUC4 mRNA and protein were increased. These tumors also showed upregulation and reactivation of HER2 signaling, while losing ER protein and the estrogen-regulated gene progesterone receptor. Mucins are upregulated in a preclinical model of ER-positive/HER2-overexpressing breast cancer as resistance develops to the combination of endocrine and anti-HER2 therapy. These mucin-rich tumors reactivate the HER2 pathway and shift their molecular phenotype to become more ER-negative/HER2-positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C Chen
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Suboptimal intake of Zn is one of the most common nutritional problems worldwide. Previously, we have shown that Zn deficiency (ZD) produces oxidative and nitrosative stress in the lung of rats. We analyse the effect of moderate ZD on the expression of several intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton, as well as the effect of restoring Zn during the refeeding period. Adult male rats were divided into three groups: Zn-adequate control (CO) group; ZD group; Zn-refeeding group. CerbB-2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was increased in the ZD group while the other parameters did not change. During the refeeding time, CerbB-2, cytokeratins, vimentin and PCNA immunostaining was higher than that in the CO group. The present findings indicate that the overexpression of some markers could lead to the fibrotic process in the lung. Perhaps ZD implications must be taken into account in health interventions because an inflammation environment is associated with ZD in the lung.
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Carraway KL, Theodoropoulos G, Kozloski GA, Carothers Carraway CA. Muc4/MUC4 functions and regulation in cancer. Future Oncol 2010; 5:1631-40. [PMID: 20001800 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane mucin MUC4 (human) is abundantly expressed in many epithelia, where it is proposed to play a protective role, and is overexpressed in some epithelial tumors. Studies on the rat homologue, Muc4, indicate that it acts through anti-adhesive or signaling mechanisms. In particular, Muc4/MUC4 can serve as a ligand/modulator of the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, regulating its phosphorylation and the phosphorylation of its partner ErbB3, with or without the involvement of the ErbB3 ligand neuregulin. Muc4/MUC4 can also modulate cell apoptosis via multiple mechanisms, both ErbB2 dependent and independent. Muc4/MUC4 expression is regulated by multiple mechanisms, ranging from transcriptional to post-translational. The roles of MUC4 in tumors suggest that it may be valuable as a tumor marker or target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Mucins are important components that exert a variety of functions in cell-cell interaction, epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and airways protection. In the conducting airways of the lungs, mucins are the major contributor to the viscoelastic property of mucous secretion, which is the major barrier to trapping inhaled microbial organism, particulates, and oxidative pollutants. The homeostasis of mucin production is an important feature in conducting airways for the maintenance of mucociliary function. Aberrant mucin secretion and accumulation in airway lumen are clinical hallmarks associated with various lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, and lung cancer. Among 20 known mucin genes identified, 11 of them have been verified at either the mRNA and/or protein level in airways. The regulation of mucin genes is complicated, as are the mediators and signaling pathways. This review summarizes the current view on the mediators, the signaling pathways, and the transcriptional units that are involved in the regulation of airway mucin gene expression. In addition, we also point out essential features of epigenetic mechanisms for the regulation of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Thai
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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16
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Chaturvedi P, Singh AP, Batra SK. Structure, evolution, and biology of the MUC4 mucin. FASEB J 2007; 22:966-81. [PMID: 18024835 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9673rev] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins and are implicated in diverse biological functions. MUC4, a member of transmembrane mucin family, is expressed in airway epithelial cells and body fluids like saliva, tear film, ear fluid, and breast milk. In addition to its normal expression, an aberrant expression of MUC4 has been reported in a variety of carcinomas. Among various potential domains of MUC4, epidermal growth factor (EGF) -like domains are hypothesized to interact with and activate the ErbB2 receptors, suggesting an intramembrane-growth factor function for MUC4. The heavily glycosylated tandem repeat domain provides the structural rigidity to the extended extracellular region. MUC4, by virtue of its extended structure, serves as a barrier for some cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and as a potential reservoir for certain growth factors. An intricate relationship between MUC4 and growth factor signaling is also reflected in the transcriptional regulation of MUC4. The MUC4 promoter has binding sites for different transcription factors, which are responsible for the regulation of its expression in different tissues. The interferon-gamma, retinoic acid, and transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathways regulate MUC4 expression in a partially interdependent manner. Taken together, all of these features of MUC4 strongly support its role as a potential candidate for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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El Homsi M, Ducroc R, Claustre J, Jourdan G, Gertler A, Estienne M, Bado A, Scoazec JY, Plaisancié P. Leptin modulates the expression of secreted and membrane-associated mucins in colonic epithelial cells by targeting PKC, PI3K, and MAPK pathways. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G365-73. [PMID: 17495032 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00091.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucins play an essential role in the protection and repair of gastrointestinal mucosa. We recently showed that luminal leptin strongly stimulated mucin secretion in vivo in rat colon. In the present study, we challenged the hypothesis that leptin may act directly on goblet cells to induce mucin expression in rat and human intestinal mucin-producing cells (DHE and HT29-MTX). The endoluminal effect of leptin was also studied in vivo in rat perfused colon model. The presence of leptin receptors was demonstrated in the two cell lines by Western blot and RT-PCR. In rat DHE cells, leptin (0.01-10 nmol/l, 60 min) dose dependently increased the secretion of mucins (210 +/- 3% of controls) and the expression of Muc2, Muc3, and Muc4 (twofold basal level) but not of Muc1 and Muc5AC. Luminal perfusion of leptin (60 min, 0.1-100 nmol/l) in rat colon also increased the mRNA level of Muc2, Muc3, and Muc4 but not of Muc1. In human HT29-MTX cells, leptin (0.01-10 nmol/l, 60 min) dose dependently enhanced MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC4 mRNA levels. These effects were prevented by pretreatment of cells with the leptin mutein L39A/D40A/F41A, which acts as a receptor antagonist. Finally, pathway inhibition experiments suggest that leptin increased mucin expression by activating PKC-, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase-, and MAPK-dependent pathways but not the JAK/STAT pathway. In conclusion, leptin may contribute significantly to membrane-associated and secreted mucin production via a direct stimulation of colonic epithelial cells and the activation of leptin receptors. These data are consistent with a role for leptin in regulation of the intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El Homsi
- INSERM UMR865, Faculté de Médecine R. Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France
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Zhang J, Carraway CAC, Carraway KL. Muc4 expression during blood vessel formation in damaged rat cornea. Curr Eye Res 2007; 31:1011-4. [PMID: 17169838 DOI: 10.1080/02713680601052155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the timing of Muc4 expression during the association of endothelial cells to form blood vessels in the rat corneal stroma after corneal wounding. METHODS Corneal damage was inflicted using brief cauterization with silver nitrite. Contralateral and wounded corneas were examined at time periods after wounding by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence for Muc4 and for the blood vessel endothelial cell marker von Willebrand Factor. RESULTS Blood vessels and von Willebrand Factor-stained cells were very sparse in corneal stroma from unwounded corneas. In contrast, aggregates of von Willebrand Factor-stained cells were prevalent in wounded corneas at days 4-5 and 7-10. Muc4 expression was limited at days 4-5, but extensive at days 7-10. CONCLUSION Muc4 expression develops in endothelial cells during the mid-stages of cell aggregation and blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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