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Wadhwa A, Benavides-Guerrero J, Gratuze M, Bolduc M, Cloutier SG. All Screen Printed and Flexible Silicon Carbide NTC Thermistors for Temperature Sensing Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2489. [PMID: 38893753 PMCID: PMC11173150 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Silicon Carbide (SiC) nanoparticle-based serigraphic printing inks were formulated to fabricate highly sensitive and wide temperature range printed thermistors. Inter-digitated electrodes (IDEs) were screen printed onto Kapton® substrate using commercially avaiable silver ink. Thermistor inks with different weight ratios of SiC nanoparticles were printed atop the IDE structures to form fully printed thermistors. The thermistors were tested over a wide temperature range form 25 °C to 170 °C, exhibiting excellent repeatability and stability over 15 h of continuous operation. Optimal device performance was achieved with 30 wt.% SiC-polyimide ink. We report highly sensitive devices with a TCR of -0.556%/°C, a thermal coefficient of 502 K (β-index) and an activation energy of 0.08 eV. Further, the thermistor demonstrates an accuracy of ±1.35 °C, which is well within the range offered by commercially available high sensitivity thermistors. SiC thermistors exhibit a small 6.5% drift due to changes in relative humidity between 10 and 90%RH and a 4.2% drift in baseline resistance after 100 cycles of aggressive bend testing at a 40° angle. The use of commercially available low-cost materials, simplicity of design and fabrication techniques coupled with the chemical inertness of the Kapton® substrate and SiC nanoparticles paves the way to use all-printed SiC thermistors towards a wide range of applications where temperature monitoring is vital for optimal system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Wadhwa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame Street West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada; (A.W.); (J.B.-G.); (M.G.)
| | - Jaime Benavides-Guerrero
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame Street West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada; (A.W.); (J.B.-G.); (M.G.)
| | - Mathieu Gratuze
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame Street West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada; (A.W.); (J.B.-G.); (M.G.)
| | - Martin Bolduc
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 555 Boulevard de l’Université, Drummondville, QC J2C 0R5, Canada;
| | - Sylvain G. Cloutier
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame Street West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada; (A.W.); (J.B.-G.); (M.G.)
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Goloudina S, Pasyuta V, Kirilenko D, Smirnov A, Kasatkin I, Zhizhin E, Koroleva A, Sevostiyanov E, Panov M, Trushlyakova V, Gofman I, Svetlichnyi V, Luchinin V. Synthesis of silicon carbide in a matrix of graphite-like carbon prepared via carbonization of rigid-rod polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett films on silicon substrate. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:265603. [PMID: 38522107 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad373f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide-band gap semiconductor that exceeds other semiconducting materials (except diamond) in electrical, mechanical, chemical, and radiation stability. In this paper, we report a novel approach to fabrication of SiC nano films on a Si substrate, which is based on the endotaxial growth of a SiC crystalline phase in a graphite-like carbon (GLC) matrix. GLC films were formed by carbonization of rigid rod polyimide (PI) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films on a Si substrate at 1000 °C in vacuum. After rapid thermal annealing of GLC films at 1100 °C and 1200 °C, new types of heterostructures SiC(10 nm)/GLC(20 nm)/Si(111) and SiC(20 nm)/GLC(15 nm)/SiC(10 nm)/Si(111) were obtained. The SiC top layer was formed due to the Si-containing gas phase present above the surface of GLC film. An advantage of the proposed method of endotaxy is that the SiC crystalline phase is formed within the volume of the GLC film of a thickness predetermined by using PI LB films with different numbers of monolayers for carbonization. This approach allows growing SiC layers close to the 2D state, which is promising for optoelectronics, photovoltaics, spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Goloudina
- Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, 5 Prof. Popov st., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Pasyuta
- Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, 5 Prof. Popov st., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Demid Kirilenko
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Politekhnicheskaya st., St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Smirnov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Politekhnicheskaya st., St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Igor Kasatkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Evgeny Zhizhin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Koroleva
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Evgeny Sevostiyanov
- Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, 5 Prof. Popov st., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Mikhail Panov
- Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, 5 Prof. Popov st., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Valentina Trushlyakova
- Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, 5 Prof. Popov st., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Iosif Gofman
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Bol'shoy pr. V.O., St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia
| | - Valentin Svetlichnyi
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Bol'shoy pr. V.O., St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia
| | - Viktor Luchinin
- Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, 5 Prof. Popov st., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
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Greenhorn S, Bano E, Stambouli V, Zekentes K. Amorphous SiC Thin Films Deposited by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Passivation in Biomedical Devices. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1135. [PMID: 38473606 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) is a wide-bandgap semiconductor with high robustness and biocompatibility, making it a promising material for applications in biomedical device passivation. a-SiC thin film deposition has been a subject of research for several decades with a variety of approaches investigated to achieve optimal properties for multiple applications, with an emphasis on properties relevant to biomedical devices in the past decade. This review summarizes the results of many optimization studies, identifying strategies that have been used to achieve desirable film properties and discussing the proposed physical interpretations. In addition, divergent results from studies are contrasted, with attempts to reconcile the results, while areas of uncertainty are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Greenhorn
- The Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser of the Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (MRG-IESL/FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et de la Génie Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, 38016 Grenoble, France
- Centre de Radiofréquences, Optique et Micro-nanoélectronique des Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Edwige Bano
- Centre de Radiofréquences, Optique et Micro-nanoélectronique des Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Stambouli
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et de la Génie Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Konstantinos Zekentes
- The Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser of the Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (MRG-IESL/FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Centre de Radiofréquences, Optique et Micro-nanoélectronique des Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, 38016 Grenoble, France
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Bierewirtz T, Narayanaswamy K, Giuffrida R, Rese T, Bortis D, Zimpfer D, Kolar JW, Kertzscher U, Granegger M. A Novel Pumping Principle for a Total Artificial Heart. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:446-455. [PMID: 37603484 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3306888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Total artificial hearts (TAH) serve as a temporary treatment for severe biventricular heart failure. The limited durability and complication rates of current devices hamper long-term cardiac replacement. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a novel valveless pumping principle for a durable pulsatile TAH (ShuttlePump). METHODS The pump features a rotating and linearly shuttling piston within a cylindrical housing with two in- and outlets. With a single moving piston, the ShuttlePump delivers pulsatile flow to both systemic and pulmonary circulation. The pump and actuation system were designed iteratively based on analytical and in silico methods, utilizing finite element methods (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Pump characteristics were evaluated experimentally in a mock circulation loop mimicking the cardiovascular system, while hemocompatibility-related parameters were calculated numerically. RESULTS Pump characteristics cover the entire required operating range for a TAH, providing 2.5-9 L/min of flow rate against 50-160 mmHg arterial pressures at stroke frequencies of 1.5-5 Hz while balancing left and right atrial pressures. FEM analysis showed mean overall copper losses of 8.84 W, resulting in a local maximum blood temperature rise of <2 K. The CFD results of the normalized index of hemolysis were 3.57 mg/100 L, and 95% of the pump's blood volume was exchanged after 1.42 s. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE This study indicates the feasibility of a novel pumping system for a TAH with numerical and experimental results substantiating further development of the ShuttlePump.
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Wang J, Wang T, Liu H, Wang K, Moses K, Feng Z, Li P, Huang W. Flexible Electrodes for Brain-Computer Interface System. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211012. [PMID: 37143288 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been the subject of extensive research recently. Governments and companies have substantially invested in relevant research and applications. The restoration of communication and motor function, the treatment of psychological disorders, gaming, and other daily and therapeutic applications all benefit from BCI. The electrodes hold the key to the essential, fundamental BCI precondition of electrical brain activity detection and delivery. However, the traditional rigid electrodes are limited due to their mismatch in Young's modulus, potential damages to the human body, and a decline in signal quality with time. These factors make the development of flexible electrodes vital and urgent. Flexible electrodes made of soft materials have grown in popularity in recent years as an alternative to conventional rigid electrodes because they offer greater conformance, the potential for higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals, and a wider range of applications. Therefore, the latest classifications and future developmental directions of fabricating these flexible electrodes are explored in this paper to further encourage the speedy advent of flexible electrodes for BCI. In summary, the perspectives and future outlook for this developing discipline are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Haoyan Liu
- Department of Computer Science & Computer Engineering (CSCE), University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kumi Moses
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoya Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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Rao S, Mallemace ED, Faggio G, Iodice M, Messina G, Della Corte FG. Experimental characterization of the thermo-optic coefficient vs. temperature for 4H-SiC and GaN semiconductors at the wavelength of 632 nm. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10205. [PMID: 37353605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of semiconductor-based photonic devices requires precise knowledge of the refractive index of the optical materials, a not constant parameter over the operating temperature range. However, the variation of the refractive index with the temperature, the thermo-optic coefficient, is itself temperature-dependent. A precise characterization of the thermo-optic coefficient in a wide temperature range is therefore essential for the design of nonlinear optical devices, active and passive integrated photonic devices and, more in general, for the semiconductor technology explored at different wavelengths, from the visible domain to the infrared or ultraviolet spectrum. In this paper, after an accurate ellipsometric and micro-Raman spectroscopy characterization, the temperature dependence of the thermo-optic coefficient ([Formula: see text]) for 4H-SiC and GaN in a wide range of temperature between room temperature to T = 500 K in the visible range spectrum, at a wavelength of λ = 632.8 nm, is experimentally evaluated. For this purpose, using the samples as a Fabry-Perot cavity, an interferometric technique is employed. The experimental results, for both semiconductors, show a linear dependence with a high determination coefficient, R2 of 0.9648 and 0.958, for 4H-SiC and GaN, respectively, in the considered temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Rao
- Department DIIES, Mediterranea University, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Elisa D Mallemace
- Department DIIES, Mediterranea University, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giuliana Faggio
- Department DIIES, Mediterranea University, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mario Iodice
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Napoli. Napoli, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Messina
- Department DIIES, Mediterranea University, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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7
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Montero-Arevalo B, Seufert BI, Hossain MS, Bernardin E, Takshi A, Saddow SE, Schettini N. SiC Electrochemical Sensor Validation for Alzheimer Aβ 42 Antigen Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1262. [PMID: 37374847 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with only late-stage detection; thus, diagnosis is made when it is no longer possible to treat the disease, only its symptoms. Consequently, this often leads to caregivers who are the patient's relatives, which adversely impacts the workforce along with severely diminishing the quality of life for all involved. It is, therefore, highly desirable to develop a fast, effective and reliable sensor to enable early-stage detection in an attempt to reverse disease progression. This research validates the detection of amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) using a Silicon Carbide (SiC) electrode, a fact that is unprecedented in the literature. Aβ42 is considered a reliable biomarker for AD detection, as reported in previous studies. To validate the detection with a SiC-based electrochemical sensor, a gold (Au) electrode-based electrochemical sensor was used as a control. The same cleaning, functionalization and Aβ1-28 antibody immobilization steps were used on both electrodes. Sensor validation was carried out by means of Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) aiming to detect an 0.5 µg·mL-1 Aβ42 concentration in 0.1 M buffer solution as a proof of concept. A repeatable peak directly related to the presence of Aβ42 was observed, indicating that a fast SiC-based electrochemical sensor was constructed and may prove to be a useful approach for the early detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayan Montero-Arevalo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
| | - Bianca I Seufert
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mohammad S Hossain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Evans Bernardin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Arash Takshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Stephen E Saddow
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Norelli Schettini
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
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8
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La Via F, Alquier D, Giannazzo F, Kimoto T, Neudeck P, Ou H, Roncaglia A, Saddow SE, Tudisco S. Emerging SiC Applications beyond Power Electronic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1200. [PMID: 37374785 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several new applications of SiC (both 4H and 3C polytypes) have been proposed in different papers. In this review, several of these emerging applications have been reported to show the development status, the main problems to be solved and the outlooks for these new devices. The use of SiC for high temperature applications in space, high temperature CMOS, high radiation hard detectors, new optical devices, high frequency MEMS, new devices with integrated 2D materials and biosensors have been extensively reviewed in this paper. The development of these new applications, at least for the 4H-SiC ones, has been favored by the strong improvement in SiC technology and in the material quality and price, due to the increasing market for power devices. However, at the same time, these new applications need the development of new processes and the improvement of material properties (high temperature packages, channel mobility and threshold voltage instability improvement, thick epitaxial layers, low defects, long carrier lifetime, low epitaxial doping). Instead, in the case of 3C-SiC applications, several new projects have developed material processes to obtain more performing MEMS, photonics and biomedical devices. Despite the good performance of these devices and the potential market, the further development of the material and of the specific processes and the lack of several SiC foundries for these applications are limiting further development in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Alquier
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, 37071 Tours, France
| | | | - Tsunenobu Kimoto
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Philip Neudeck
- NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA
| | - Haiyan Ou
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 343, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Stephen E Saddow
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Costanzo H, Gooch J, Frascione N. Nanomaterials for optical biosensors in forensic analysis. Talanta 2023; 253:123945. [PMID: 36191514 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are compact analytical devices capable of transducing a biological interaction event into a measurable signal outcome in real-time. They can provide sensitive and affordable analysis of samples without the need for additional laboratory equipment or complex preparation steps. Biosensors may be beneficial for forensic analysis as they can facilitate large-scale high-throughput, sensitive screening of forensic samples to detect target molecules that are of high evidential value. Nanomaterials are gaining attention as desirable components of biosensors that can enhance detection and signal efficiency. Biosensors that incorporate nanomaterials within their design have been widely reported and developed for medical purposes but are yet to find routine employment within forensic science despite their proven potential. In this article, key examples of the use of nanomaterials within optical biosensors designed for forensic analysis are outlined. Their design and mechanism of detection are both considered throughout, discussing how nanomaterials can enhance the detection of the target analyte. The critical evaluation of the optical biosensors detailed within this review article should help to guide future optical biosensor design via the incorporation of nanomaterials, for not only forensic analysis but alternative analytical fields where such biosensors may prove a valuable addition to current workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Costanzo
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - James Gooch
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Nunzianda Frascione
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Atabay M, Sardroodi JJ, Ebrahimzadeh AR, Avestan MS. Modeling the Interaction of Anticancer Protein Azurin with the Nanosheets for Medical Applications. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Atabay
- Molecular Simulation Lab Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
- Molecular Science and Engineering Research Group (MSERG) Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
- Department of Chemistry Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
| | - Jaber Jahanbin Sardroodi
- Molecular Simulation Lab Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
- Molecular Science and Engineering Research Group (MSERG) Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
- Department of Chemistry Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
| | - Alireza Rastkar Ebrahimzadeh
- Molecular Simulation Lab Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
- Molecular Science and Engineering Research Group (MSERG) Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
- Department of Physics Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
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11
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Sakharova NA, Pereira AFG, Antunes JM. Elastic Moduli of Non-Chiral Singe-Walled Silicon Carbide Nanotubes: Numerical Simulation Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8153. [PMID: 36431638 PMCID: PMC9694929 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) have generated significant research interest due to their potential use in the fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices and biosensors. The exceptional chemical, electrical and thermal properties of SiCNTs are beneficial for their application in high-temperature and harsh-environments. In view of the limited thermal stability of carbon nanotubes, they can be replaced by silicon carbide nanotubes in reinforced composites, developed for operations at high temperatures. However, fundamentally theoretical studies of the mechanical properties of the silicon carbide nanotubes are at an early stage and their results are still insufficient for designing and exploiting appropriate nanodevices based on SiCNTs and reinforced composites. In this context, the present study deals with the determination of Young's and shear moduli of non-chiral single-walled silicon carbide nanotubes, using a three-dimensional finite element model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A. Sakharova
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André F. G. Pereira
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. Antunes
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Quinta do Contador, Estrada da Serra, 2300-313 Tomar, Portugal
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12
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Di Trani N, Racca N, Demarchi D, Grattoni A. Comprehensive Analysis of Electrostatic Gating in Nanofluidic Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35400-35408. [PMID: 35905377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular transport in nanofluidic systems exhibits properties that are unique to the nanoscale. Here, the electrostatic and steric interactions between particle and surfaces become dominant in determining particle transport. At the solid-liquid interface of charged surfaces an electric double layer (EDL) forms due to electrostatic interactions between surfaces and charged particles. In these systems, tunable charge-selective nanochannels can be generated by manipulating electrostatic gating via co-ions exclusion and counterions enrichment of the EDL at the solid-liquid interface. In this context, electrostatic gating has been used to modulate the selectivity of nanofluidic membranes for drug delivery, nanofluidic transistors, and FlowFET, among other applications. While an extensive body of literature investigating nanofluidic systems exists, there is a lack of a comprehensive analysis accounting for all major parameters involved in these systems. Here we performed an all-encompassing modeling investigation corroborated by experimental analysis to assess the influence of nanochannel size, electrolyte properties, surface chemistry, gate voltage, dielectric properties, and molecular charge and size on the exclusion and enrichment of charged analytes in nanochannels. We found that the leakage current in electrostatic gating, often overlooked, plays a dominant role in molecular exclusion. Importantly, by independently considering all ionic species, we found that counterions compete for EDL formation at the surface proximity, resulting in concentration distributions that are nearly impossible to predict with analytical models. Achieving a deeper understanding of these nanofluidic phenomena will help the development of innovative miniaturized systems for both medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nevio Racca
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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13
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Mariello M, Kim K, Wu K, Lacour SP, Leterrier Y. Recent Advances in Encapsulation of Flexible Bioelectronic Implants: Materials, Technologies, and Characterization Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201129. [PMID: 35353928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronic implantable systems (BIS) targeting biomedical and clinical research should combine long-term performance and biointegration in vivo. Here, recent advances in novel encapsulations to protect flexible versions of such systems from the surrounding biological environment are reviewed, focusing on material strategies and synthesis techniques. Considerable effort is put on thin-film encapsulation (TFE), and specifically organic-inorganic multilayer architectures as a flexible and conformal alternative to conventional rigid cans. TFE is in direct contact with the biological medium and thus must exhibit not only biocompatibility, inertness, and hermeticity but also mechanical robustness, conformability, and compatibility with the manufacturing of microfabricated devices. Quantitative characterization methods of the barrier and mechanical performance of the TFE are reviewed with a particular emphasis on water-vapor transmission rate through electrical, optical, or electrochemical principles. The integrability and functionalization of TFE into functional bioelectronic interfaces are also discussed. TFE represents a must-have component for the next-generation bioelectronic implants with diagnostic or therapeutic functions in human healthcare and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mariello
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kangling Wu
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Leterrier
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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14
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Silicon Carbide Technology for Advanced Human Healthcare Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030346. [PMID: 35334637 PMCID: PMC8949526 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a highly robust semiconductor material that has the potential to revolutionize implantable medical devices for human healthcare, such as biosensors and neuro-implants, to enable advanced biomedical therapeutic applications for humans. SiC is both bio and hemocompatible, and is already commercially used for long-term human in vivo applications ranging from heart stent coatings and dental implants to short-term diagnostic applications involving neural implants and sensors. One challenge facing the medical community today is the lack of biocompatible materials which are inherently smart or, in other words, capable of electronic functionality. Such devices are currently implemented using silicon technology, which either has to be hermetically sealed so it does not directly interact with biological tissue or has a short lifetime due to instabilities in vivo. Long-term, permanently implanted devices such as glucose sensors, neural interfaces, smart bone and organ implants, etc., require a more robust material that does not degrade over time and is not recognized and rejected as a foreign object by the inflammatory response. SiC has displayed these exceptional material properties, which opens up a whole new host of applications and allows for the development of many advanced biomedical devices never before possible for long-term use in vivo. This paper is a review of the state-of-the art and discusses cutting-edge device applications where SiC medical devices are poised to translate to the commercial marketplace.
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15
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Di Trani N, Pons-Faudoa FP, Sizovs A, Shelton KA, Marzinke MA, Nehete PN, Grattoni A. Extending drug release from implants via transcutaneous refilling with solid therapeutics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2100214. [PMID: 35815229 PMCID: PMC9268610 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting (LA) implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS) offer an effective approach for the management or prevention of chronic conditions by sustained parenteral therapeutic administration. LA IDDS can and improve adherence to treatment regimens by minimizing dosing frequency. However, their clinical deployment is challenged by factors such as poor drug loading capacity, which limit their lifespan and require repeated surgical replacement for continued therapy. To address these challenges, and by leveraging previous work on nanofluidic systems, a reservoir-based IDDS that enables transcutaneous refilling of solid drug formulations through minimally invasive needle injection is presented. With thousand-fold higher drug loading efficiency, the implant affords minimal volume and aspect ratio suitable for discrete subcutaneous deployment. Key parameters for clinical acceptability, namely implant safety, access port robustness, and refilling method were systematically evaluated. The implant and refilling procedure are studied in rats and nonhuman primates with therapeutics used clinically for type 2 diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The ability to extend drug release and maintain equivalent pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles pre- and post-drug refilling is demonstrated. This technology presents a clinically viable LA approach to prolong drug release for lifelong prevention or management of chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antons Sizovs
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kathryn A. Shelton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Mark A. Marzinke
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Modified silicon carbide NPs reinforced nanocomposite hydrogels based on alginate-gelatin by with high mechanical properties for tissue engineering. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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17
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Baby A, Marcaud G, Dappe YJ, D'Angelo M, Cantin JL, Silly M, Fratesi G. Phthalocyanine reactivity and interaction on the 6H-SiC(0001)-(3×3) surface by core-level experiments and simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14937-14946. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of phthalocyanine (H2Pc) on the 6H-SiC(0001)-(3×3) surface is investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations....
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18
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Selective Thermal Transformation of Automotive Shredder Residues into High-Value Nano Silicon Carbide. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112781. [PMID: 34835543 PMCID: PMC8621764 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Automotive waste represents both a global waste challenge and the loss of valuable embedded resources. This study provides a sustainable solution to utilise the mixed plastics of automotive waste residue (ASR) as a resource that will curtail the landfilling of hazardous waste and its adverse consequences to the environment. In this research, the selective thermal transformation has been utilised to produce nano silicon carbide (SiC) using mixed plastics and glass from automotive waste as raw materials. The composition and formation mechanisms of SiC nanoparticles have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray-Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The as synthesised SiC nanoparticles at 1500 °C has uniform spherical shapes with the diameters of the fixed edges of about 50–100 nm with a porous structure. This facile way of synthesising SiC nanomaterials would lay the foundations for transforming complex wastes into value-added, high-performing materials, delivering significant economic and environmental benefits.
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19
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Istomina EI, Istomin PV, Nadutkin AV, Grass VE, Belyaev IM, Ermakova DA, Lysenkov AS. Fabrication of Carbon–Silicon Carbide Core–Shell Composite Fibers. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621080088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Yin X, Li S, Ma G, Jia Z, Liu X. Investigation of oxidation mechanism of SiC single crystal for plasma electrochemical oxidation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27338-27345. [PMID: 35480681 PMCID: PMC9037901 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04604g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a hard-to-machine material due to its high hardness and chemical stability, and usually an essential step in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is to modify the SiC surface without introducing damage or other elements, then to polish the modified surface. For high quality and high efficiency surface modification of SiC, a green and promising oxidation approach named plasma electrochemical oxidation (PECO) is proposed. Experiments were conducted to investigate the oxidation mechanism of PECO to enable its application for CMP. The oxidized surface was detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), many atomic-scale protuberances were confirmed to be introduced in the PECO process. Through the analysis of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it is proved that the SiC surface has been oxidized into SiO2 and a transition layer (silicon oxycarbide) is formed between SiO2 and SiC. Based on the analysis of the cross section image of the oxidized layer, electrolyte-SiC interface chemical reaction and oxidation layer formation mechanism are illustrated to explain the oxidation mechanism. Silicon dioxide growth process model is proposed and illustrated that the phrase of protuberances growth change from charge transfer to diffusion. The present work offers an alternative approach to modify SiC surface, and provides a reference for chemical and mechanical synergetic effect applied in CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Yin
- Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710048 China +86-29-82312806
| | - Shujuan Li
- Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710048 China +86-29-82312806
| | - Gaoling Ma
- Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710048 China +86-29-82312806
| | - Zhen Jia
- Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710048 China +86-29-82312806
| | - Xu Liu
- Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710048 China +86-29-82312806
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21
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Khudher HH, Abd JA. Variation Resistance of different operation temperature of NO 2 and NH 3 gases for the Ag-doped SiC gas sensor. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONFERENCE SERIES 2021; 1973:012140. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1973/1/012140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A pure and Ag-doped silicon carbide (SiC) films on the p-type silicon (110) wafers were prepared with various dopant ratios (1, 3, 5 and 7%) using pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) with the Nd: YAG laser (= 1064 nm, 500 mJ, 6 Hz). The samples were deposited under high pressure up to (10−4 mbar) at a substrate temperature of 250 °C. The thin films have been examined for (NO2 and NH3) sensing at different operating temperatures. The maximum sensitivity of pure SiC of NH3 gas about (12%) at 200 oC and (14.42%) for NO2 gas at 100°C while the maximum sensitivity of Ag-doped samples about (24.39%) of NH3 gas at 200°C for (1%wt) and (62.98%) of NO2 gas at 25°C for (3%wt). For the pure sample, we found that the fastest response time was (18.9 s, 22.5 s) for NH3 and NO2 gases at (300 °C,100 °C), respectively, while for impure samples (3% wt) about (12.6 s, 13.5 s) of NH3 and NO2 at 100°C. The results also showed that the lowest recovery time for the pure film was 33.3 s for NH3 gas at 100°C, while for NO2 gas its value was (30.6 s) at 200°C. Also for the SiC: Ag (3% wt, 5%), it was found that the fastest recovery time was about (45 s) for NH3 gas at 25 °C and (41.4 s) for NO2 gas at 100 °C.
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22
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Silvestri A, Di Trani N, Canavese G, Motto Ros P, Iannucci L, Grassini S, Wang Y, Liu X, Demarchi D, Grattoni A. Silicon Carbide-Gated Nanofluidic Membrane for Active Control of Electrokinetic Ionic Transport. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:535. [PMID: 34357186 PMCID: PMC8303522 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of ions and molecules by external control at the nanoscale is highly relevant to biomedical applications. We report a biocompatible electrode-embedded nanofluidic channel membrane designed for electrofluidic applications such as ionic field-effect transistors for implantable drug-delivery systems. Our nanofluidic membrane includes a polysilicon electrode electrically isolated by amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC). The nanochannel gating performance was experimentally investigated based on the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, leakage current, and power consumption in potassium chloride (KCl) electrolyte. We observed significant modulation of ionic diffusive transport of both positively and negatively charged ions under physical confinement of nanochannels, with low power consumption. To study the physical mechanism associated with the gating performance, we performed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the flat band voltage and density of states were significantly low. In light of its remarkable performance in terms of ionic modulation and low power consumption, this new biocompatible nanofluidic membrane could lead to a new class of silicon implantable nanofluidic systems for tunable drug delivery and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Silvestri
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (P.M.R.); (D.D.)
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Giancarlo Canavese
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (L.I.); (S.G.)
| | - Paolo Motto Ros
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (P.M.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Leonardo Iannucci
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (L.I.); (S.G.)
| | - Sabrina Grassini
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (L.I.); (S.G.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (P.M.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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23
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Ugraskan V, Isik B, Yazici O. Adsorptive removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by porous boron carbide: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1948406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Ugraskan
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birol Isik
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yazici
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Lin M, Breukels V, Scheenen TWJ, Paulusse JMJ. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Silicon Carbide Micro- and Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30835-30843. [PMID: 34170657 PMCID: PMC8289227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two dominant crystalline phases of silicon carbide (SiC): α-SiC and β-SiC, differing in size and chemical composition, were investigated regarding their potential for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). 29Si nuclei in α-SiC micro- and nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 650 nm to 2.2 μm and minimal oxidation were successfully hyperpolarized without the use of free radicals, while β-SiC samples did not display appreciable degrees of polarization under the same polarization conditions. Long T1 relaxation times in α-SiC of up to 1600 s (∼27 min) were recorded for the 29Si nuclei after 1 h of polarization at a temperature of 4 K. Interestingly, these promising α-SiC particles allowed for direct hyperpolarization of both 29Si and 13C nuclei, resulting in comparably strong signal amplifications. Moreover, the T1 relaxation time of 13C nuclei in 750 nm-sized α-SiC particles was over 33 min, which far exceeds T1 times of conventional 13C DNP probes with values in the order of 1-2 min. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of DNP on SiC micro- and nanoparticles and highlights their potential as hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Department
of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Breukels
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical
Center, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W. J. Scheenen
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical
Center, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department
of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen,
P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Fu X, Wang D. Effect of surface bond and quantum confinement effect on photoluminescence properties of SiC nanowires in different solvents. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1793358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- College of Chemistry and Material, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, P.R. China
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26
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Pons-Faudoa FP, Sizovs A, Shelton KA, Momin Z, Niles JA, Bushman LR, Xu J, Chua CYX, Nichols JE, Demaria S, Ittmann MM, Hawkins T, Rooney JF, Marzinke MA, Kimata JT, Anderson PL, Nehete PN, Arduino RC, Ferrari M, Sastry KJ, Grattoni A. Preventive efficacy of a tenofovir alafenamide fumarate nanofluidic implant in SHIV-challenged nonhuman primates. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000163. [PMID: 33997267 PMCID: PMC8114879 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using antiretroviral oral drugs is effective at preventing HIV transmission when individuals adhere to the dosing regimen. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a potent antiretroviral drug, with numerous long-acting (LA) delivery systems under development to improve PrEP adherence. However, none has undergone preventive efficacy assessment. Here we show that LA TAF using a novel subcutaneous nanofluidic implant (nTAF) confers partial protection from HIV transmission. We demonstrate that sustained subcutaneous delivery through nTAF in rhesus macaques maintained tenofovir diphosphate concentration at a median of 390.00 fmol/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 9 times above clinically protective levels. In a non-blinded, placebo-controlled rhesus macaque study with repeated low-dose rectal SHIVSF162P3 challenge, the nTAF cohort had a 62.50% reduction (95% CI: 1.72% to 85.69%; p=0.068) in risk of infection per exposure compared to the control. Our finding mirrors that of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy, where 60.00% protective efficacy was observed in macaques, and clinically, 67.00% reduction in risk with 86.00% preventive efficacy in individuals with detectable drug in the plasma. Overall, our nanofluidic technology shows potential as a subcutaneous delivery platform for long-term PrEP and provides insights for clinical implementation of LA TAF for HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P Pons-Faudoa
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antons Sizovs
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathryn A Shelton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Zoha Momin
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jean A Niles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Lane R Bushman
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jiaqiong Xu
- Center for Outcomes Research and DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joan E Nichols
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Marzinke
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter L Anderson
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pramod N Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Roberto C Arduino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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27
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The stability of 3C-SiC(1 1 1) on Si(1 1 1) thin films: First-principles calculation. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Bourassa A, Anderson CP, Miao KC, Onizhuk M, Ma H, Crook AL, Abe H, Ul-Hassan J, Ohshima T, Son NT, Galli G, Awschalom DD. Entanglement and control of single nuclear spins in isotopically engineered silicon carbide. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1319-1325. [PMID: 32958880 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spins in the solid state are both a cause of decoherence and a valuable resource for spin qubits. In this work, we demonstrate control of isolated 29Si nuclear spins in silicon carbide (SiC) to create an entangled state between an optically active divacancy spin and a strongly coupled nuclear register. We then show how isotopic engineering of SiC unlocks control of single weakly coupled nuclear spins and present an ab initio method to predict the optimal isotopic fraction that maximizes the number of usable nuclear memories. We bolster these results by reporting high-fidelity electron spin control (F = 99.984(1)%), alongside extended coherence times (Hahn-echo T2 = 2.3 ms, dynamical decoupling T2DD > 14.5 ms), and a >40-fold increase in Ramsey spin dephasing time (T2*) from isotopic purification. Overall, this work underlines the importance of controlling the nuclear environment in solid-state systems and links single photon emitters with nuclear registers in an industrially scalable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bourassa
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher P Anderson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C Miao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mykyta Onizhuk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - He Ma
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander L Crook
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jawad Ul-Hassan
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nguyen T Son
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - David D Awschalom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
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29
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Pons-Faudoa FP, Trani ND, Sizovs A, Shelton KA, Momin Z, Bushman LR, Xu J, Lewis DE, Demaria S, Hawkins T, Rooney JF, Marzinke MA, Kimata JT, Anderson PL, Nehete PN, Arduino RC, Sastry KJ, Grattoni A. Viral load Reduction in SHIV-Positive Nonhuman Primates via Long-Acting Subcutaneous Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate Release from a Nanofluidic Implant. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E981. [PMID: 33080776 PMCID: PMC7590004 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 is a chronic disease managed by strictly adhering to daily antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, not all people living with HIV-1 have access to ART, and those with access may not adhere to treatment regimens increasing viral load and disease progression. Here, a subcutaneous nanofluidic implant was used as a long-acting (LA) drug delivery platform to address these issues. The device was loaded with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and implanted in treatment-naïve simian HIV (SHIV)-positive nonhuman primates (NHP) for a month. We monitored intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentration in the target cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The concentrations of TFV-DP were maintained at a median of 391.0 fmol/106 cells (IQR, 243.0 to 509.0 fmol/106 cells) for the duration of the study. Further, we achieved drug penetration into lymphatic tissues, known for persistent HIV-1 replication. Moreover, we observed a first-phase viral load decay of -1.14 ± 0.81 log10 copies/mL (95% CI, -0.30 to -2.23 log10 copies/mL), similar to -1.08 log10 copies/mL decay observed in humans. Thus, LA TAF delivered from our nanofluidic implant had similar effects as oral TAF dosing with a lower dose, with potential as a platform for LA ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P. Pons-Faudoa
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (F.P.P.-F.); (N.D.T.); (A.S.)
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
| | - Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (F.P.P.-F.); (N.D.T.); (A.S.)
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Antons Sizovs
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (F.P.P.-F.); (N.D.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Kathryn A. Shelton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA; (K.A.S.); (P.N.N.); (K.J.S.)
| | - Zoha Momin
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Z.M.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Lane R. Bushman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.R.B.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Jiaqiong Xu
- Center for Outcomes Research and DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Trevor Hawkins
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (T.H.); (J.F.R.)
| | - James F. Rooney
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA; (T.H.); (J.F.R.)
| | - Mark A. Marzinke
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Jason T. Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Z.M.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Peter L. Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.R.B.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA; (K.A.S.); (P.N.N.); (K.J.S.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTH Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto C. Arduino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - K. Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA; (K.A.S.); (P.N.N.); (K.J.S.)
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (F.P.P.-F.); (N.D.T.); (A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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30
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Guo Z, Qiu S, Li H, Xu Y, Langford SJ, Sun C. Electrocatalytic dinitrogen reduction reaction on silicon carbide: a density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21761-21767. [PMID: 32959820 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to identify effective electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction in order to advance electrochemical nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions using methods that are powered by renewable energy. Silicon carbide was investigated computationally as a metal-free, surface-derived catalyst for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction. As demonstrated by first-principle calculations, Si-terminated and C-terminated surfaces, with the Si and C as active sites, are all reactive for dinitrogen capture and activation, resembling the catalytic behavior of popular B-based electrocatalysts, but the latter (C-terminated) offers an ultralow over-potential of 0.39 V, which is lower than most metals and alloys, while retarding hydrogen evolution. This research enriches the design of catalysts for dinitrogen fixation under ambient conditions, and also highlights a new direction for Si-based materials for nitrogen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Guo
- Science & Technology Innovation Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China. and Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| | - Siyao Qiu
- Science & Technology Innovation Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Huan Li
- Science & Technology Innovation Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Yongjun Xu
- Science & Technology Innovation Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Steven J Langford
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| | - Chenghua Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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31
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Kou R, Zhong Y, Qiao Y. Flow Electrification of a Corona-Charged Polyethylene Terephthalate Film. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9571-9577. [PMID: 32702991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Corona charging of a free-standing polymer film can produce a quasi-permanent potential difference across the film thickness, while the absolute amplitude of the surface voltage may be highly sensitive to the free charges. To precisely control the voltage distribution, we investigated the flow electrification technology by exposing corona-charged polyethylene terephthalate films to sodium salt solutions. The surface voltage and the free-charge density were adjusted by the salt concentration, the anion size, and the flow rate. The dipolar component of electric potential remained unchanged. This result has significant scientific interest and technological importance to surface treatment, filtration, energy harvesting, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kou
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0085, United States
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0085, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0085, United States
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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32
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Di Trani N, Silvestri A, Wang Y, Demarchi D, Liu X, Grattoni A. Silicon Nanofluidic Membrane for Electrostatic Control of Drugs and Analytes Elution. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E679. [PMID: 32707665 PMCID: PMC7407659 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Individualized long-term management of chronic pathologies remains an elusive goal despite recent progress in drug formulation and implantable devices. The lack of advanced systems for therapeutic administration that can be controlled and tailored based on patient needs precludes optimal management of pathologies, such as diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis. Several triggered systems for drug delivery have been demonstrated. However, they mostly rely on continuous external stimuli, which hinder their application for long-term treatments. In this work, we investigated a silicon nanofluidic technology that incorporates a gate electrode and examined its ability to achieve reproducible control of drug release. Silicon carbide (SiC) was used to coat the membrane surface, including nanochannels, ensuring biocompatibility and chemical inertness for long-term stability for in vivo deployment. With the application of a small voltage (≤ 3 V DC) to the buried polysilicon electrode, we showed in vitro repeatable modulation of membrane permeability of two model analytes-methotrexate and quantum dots. Methotrexate is a first-line therapeutic approach for rheumatoid arthritis; quantum dots represent multi-functional nanoparticles with broad applicability from bio-labeling to targeted drug delivery. Importantly, SiC coating demonstrated optimal properties as a gate dielectric, which rendered our membrane relevant for multiple applications beyond drug delivery, such as lab on a chip and micro total analysis systems (µTAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (A.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Shijingshan, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Antonia Silvestri
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (A.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (A.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (A.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (A.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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33
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Hou Y, Yang Y, Deng C, Li C, Wang CF. Implications from Broadband Microwave Absorption of Metal-Modified SiC Fiber Mats. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31823-31829. [PMID: 32551495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physical requirements for a broad bandwidth is vital for the design of high-efficiency microwave absorber. Our recent works on silicon carbide (SiC) fiber mats-based absorbers imply that metal modification (e.g., Fe or Hf) could benefit their bandwidth effectively. For verification, we fabricated a Co/SiC fiber mat via a similar electrospinning process and subsequent pyrolysis at 1400 °C in Ar atmosphere. The results indicate that after Co modification, the SiC fiber mats show elevated permittivity and tangent loss. With a proper amount of Co adding, the mats could exhibit a wide bandwidth of around 8 GHz (ranging from 10 to 18 GHz) for effective absorption (reflection loss (RL) less than -10 dB) at 2.8 mm thickness. This is similar to our previous findings, confirming that metal modification could be an effective approach to extend the bandwidth of SiC mat absorbers. Explanations can be found through theoretical analysis with the quarter wavelength (λ/4) cancellation theory. It suggests that the declining permittivity (with the increase of frequency) is the key to keep the wavelength in material (λm) nearly unchanged within a frequency range. As a result, in this range, λ/4 cancellation could still be satisfied without changing thickness, which could explain the reasons for the broad bandwidth of metal-modified SiC fiber mats. With this model, it is further predicted that the effective absorption bandwidth could be even extended to be around 12 GHz with appropriate tangent loss. It should be emphasized that the implications obtained in this study could also be applicable to other dielectric absorbers. The requirement of permittivity and the proposed approach could serve as guidelines to achieve a wide bandwidth on a dielectric absorber relying on the λ/4 cancellation principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - Yong Yang
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - Chaoran Deng
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - Chaojiang Li
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - Chao-Fu Wang
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
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34
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Di Trani N, Silvestri A, Sizovs A, Wang Y, Erm DR, Demarchi D, Liu X, Grattoni A. Electrostatically gated nanofluidic membrane for ultra-low power controlled drug delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1562-1576. [PMID: 32249279 PMCID: PMC7249613 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00121j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Patient-centered therapeutic management for chronic medical conditions is a desired but unmet need, largely attributable to the lack of adequate technologies for tailored drug administration. While triggered devices that control the delivery of therapeutics exist, they often rely on impractical continuous external activation. As such, next generation continuously tunable drug delivery systems independent of sustained external activation remain an elusive goal. Here we present the development and demonstration of a silicon carbide (SiC)-coated nanofluidic membrane that achieves reproducible and tunable control of drug release via electrostatic gating. By applying a low-intensity voltage to a buried electrode, we showed repeatable and reproducible in vitro release modulation of three model analytes. A small fluorophore (Alexa Fluor 647), a large polymer poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and a medically relevant agent (DNA), were selected as representatives of small molecule therapeutics, polymeric drug carriers, and biological therapeutics, respectively. Unlike other drug delivery systems, our technology performed consistently over numerous cycles of voltage modulation, for over 11 days. Importantly, low power consumption and minimal leakage currents were achieved during the study. Further, the SiC coating maintained integrity and chemical inertness, shielding the membrane from degradation under simulated physiological and accelerated conditions for over 4 months. Through leveraging the flexibility offered by electrostatic gating control, our technology provides a valuable strategy for tunable delivery, setting the foundation for the next generation of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. and University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Shijingshan, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Antonia Silvestri
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. and Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antons Sizovs
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Donald R Erm
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA and Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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35
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Qi W, Li M, Zhao L. One-step fabrication of photoluminescent SiC quantum dots through a radiation technique. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of PL SiC-QDs by using ionic liquid-based microemulsions combined with electron beam radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
- Institute of Applied Electromagnetic Engineering
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
- Institute of Applied Electromagnetic Engineering
| | - Long Zhao
- Institute of Applied Electromagnetic Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
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36
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Temperature-dependent photoluminescence properties of porous fluorescent SiC. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16333. [PMID: 31705041 PMCID: PMC6841735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study of surface passivation effect on porous fluorescent silicon carbide (SiC) was carried out to elucidate the luminescence properties by temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurement. The porous structures were prepared using an anodic oxidation etching method and passivated by atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 films. An impressive enhancement of PL intensity was observed in porous SiC with ALD Al2O3, especially at low temperatures. At temperatures below 150 K, two prominent PL emission peaks located at 517 nm and 650 nm were observed. The broad emission peak at 517 nm was attributed to originate from the surface states in the porous structures, which was supported by X-ray photoelectron spectra characterization. The emission peak at 650 nm is due to donor-acceptor-pairs (DAP) recombination via nitrogen donors and boron-related double D-centers in fluorescent SiC substrates. The results of the present work suggest that the ALD Al2O3 films can effectively suppress the non-radiative recombination for the porous structures on fluorescent SiC. In addition, we provide the evidence based on the low-temperature time-resolved PL that the mechanism behind the PL emission in porous structures is mainly related to the transitions via surface states.
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37
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Phan HP, Zhong Y, Nguyen TK, Park Y, Dinh T, Song E, Vadivelu RK, Masud MK, Li J, Shiddiky MJA, Dao D, Yamauchi Y, Rogers JA, Nguyen NT. Long-Lived, Transferred Crystalline Silicon Carbide Nanomembranes for Implantable Flexible Electronics. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11572-11581. [PMID: 31433939 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Implantable electronics are of great interest owing to their capability for real-time and continuous recording of cellular-electrical activity. Nevertheless, as such systems involve direct interfaces with surrounding biofluidic environments, maintaining their long-term sustainable operation, without leakage currents or corrosion, is a daunting challenge. Herein, we present a thin, flexible semiconducting material system that offers attractive attributes in this context. The material consists of crystalline cubic silicon carbide nanomembranes grown on silicon wafers, released and then physically transferred to a final device substrate (e.g., polyimide). The experimental results demonstrate that SiC nanomembranes with thicknesses of 230 nm do not experience the hydrolysis process (i.e., the etching rate is 0 nm/day at 96 °C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)). There is no observable water permeability for at least 60 days in PBS at 96 °C and non-Na+ ion diffusion detected at a thickness of 50 nm after being soaked in 1× PBS for 12 days. These properties enable Faradaic interfaces between active electronics and biological tissues, as well as multimodal sensing of temperature, strain, and other properties without the need for additional encapsulating layers. These findings create important opportunities for use of flexible, wide band gap materials as essential components of long-lived neurological and cardiac electrophysiological device interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Yishan Zhong
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Tuan-Khoa Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Yoonseok Park
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Toan Dinh
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Enming Song
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Raja Kumar Vadivelu
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Jinghua Li
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources , Kyung Hee University , 1732 Deogyeong-daero , Giheung-gu, Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do 446-701 , Korea
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
- School of Environment and Science , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Dzung Dao
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Queensland 4215 , Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - John A Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and, Computer Science, and Neurological Surgery, Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/biotechnology, McCormick School of Engineering and Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
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Bonaventura G, Iemmolo R, La Cognata V, Zimbone M, La Via F, Fragalà ME, Barcellona ML, Pellitteri R, Cavallaro S. Biocompatibility between Silicon or Silicon Carbide surface and Neural Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11540. [PMID: 31395932 PMCID: PMC6687690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon has been widely used as a material for microelectronic for more than 60 years, attracting considerable scientific interest as a promising tool for the manufacture of implantable medical devices in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the use of such material involves responsibilities due to its toxicity, and researchers are pushing towards the generation of new classes of composite semiconductors, including the Silicon Carbide (3C-SiC). In the present work, we tested the biocompatibility of Silicon and 3C-SiC using an in vitro model of human neuronal stem cells derived from dental pulp (DP-NSCs) and mouse Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (OECs), a particular glial cell type showing stem cell characteristics. Specifically, we investigated the effects of 3C-SiC on neural cell morphology, viability and mitochondrial membrane potential. Data showed that both DP-NSCs and OECs, cultured on 3C-SiC, did not undergo consistent oxidative stress events and did not exhibit morphological modifications or adverse reactions in mitochondrial membrane potential. Our findings highlight the possibility to use Neural Stem Cells plated on 3C-SiC substrate as clinical tool for lesioned neural areas, paving the way for future perspectives in novel cell therapies for neuro-degenerated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bonaventura
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Iemmolo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Zimbone
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco La Via
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosalia Pellitteri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Italian National Research Council, Catania, Italy.
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Ahn SH, Jeong J, Kim SJ. Emerging Encapsulation Technologies for Long-Term Reliability of Microfabricated Implantable Devices. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E508. [PMID: 31370259 PMCID: PMC6723304 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of reliable long-term encapsulation technologies for implantable biomedical devices is of paramount importance for the safe and stable operation of implants in the body over a period of several decades. Conventional technologies based on titanium or ceramic packaging, however, are not suitable for encapsulating microfabricated devices due to their limited scalability, incompatibility with microfabrication processes, and difficulties with miniaturization. A variety of emerging materials have been proposed for encapsulation of microfabricated implants, including thin-film inorganic coatings of Al2O3, HfO2, SiO2, SiC, and diamond, as well as organic polymers of polyimide, parylene, liquid crystal polymer, silicone elastomer, SU-8, and cyclic olefin copolymer. While none of these materials have yet been proven to be as hermetic as conventional metal packages nor widely used in regulatory approved devices for chronic implantation, a number of studies have demonstrated promising outcomes on their long-term encapsulation performance through a multitude of fabrication and testing methodologies. The present review article aims to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the long-term encapsulation performance of these emerging materials with a specific focus on publications that have quantitatively estimated the lifetime of encapsulation technologies in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Ahn
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joonsoo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Sung June Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Aging, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Hao F, Zhang C, Wu L, Gao Y, Jiao Y. Both silicalite-1/SiC foam and ZSM-5/SiC foam may serve as novel bone replacement materials. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:255. [PMID: 31355222 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to analyze the bioactivity and biocompatibility of silicon carbide (SiC) foam coated with one of two kinds of zeolite. Methods The surface charges, protein adsorption ability and mineralization ability were compared between silicalite-1/SiC foam and ZSM-5/SiC foam. Results Proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts seeded on two types of materials were significantly higher when compared with uncoated SiC foam after 7 d. There was no significant difference in the bioactivity between silicalite-1/SiC foam and ZSM-5/SiC foam. Silicalite-1/SiC foam and ZSM-5/SiC foam had no cytotoxic effect on primary osteoblasts. Conclusions These results suggest both silicalite-1/SiC foam and ZSM-5/SiC foam have the potential for use as novel bone replacement materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Hao
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yilai Jiao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Joshi-Imre A, Black BJ, Abbott J, Kanneganti A, Rihani R, Chakraborty B, Danda VR, Maeng J, Sharma R, Rieth L, Negi S, Pancrazio JJ, Cogan SF. Chronic recording and electrochemical performance of amorphous silicon carbide-coated Utah electrode arrays implanted in rat motor cortex. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:046006. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab1bc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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On-Demand CMOS-Compatible Fabrication of Ultrathin Self-Aligned SiC Nanowire Arrays. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8110906. [PMID: 30400611 PMCID: PMC6267454 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) has become one of the most active and mature research areas. However, progress in this field has been limited, due to the difficulty in controlling the density, orientation, and placement of the individual NWs, parameters important for mass producing nanodevices. The work presented herein describes a novel nanosynthesis strategy for ultrathin self-aligned silicon carbide (SiC) NW arrays (≤ 20 nm width, 130 nm height and 200⁻600 nm variable periodicity), with high quality (~2 Å surface roughness, ~2.4 eV optical bandgap) and reproducibility at predetermined locations, using fabrication protocols compatible with silicon microelectronics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy studies show nanosynthesis of high-quality polycrystalline cubic 3C-SiC materials (average 5 nm grain size) with tailored properties. An extension of the nanofabrication process is presented for integrating technologically important erbium ions as emission centers at telecom C-band wavelengths. This integration allows for deterministic positioning of the ions and engineering of the ions' spontaneous emission properties through the resulting NW-based photonic structures, both of which are critical to practical device fabrication for quantum information applications. This holistic approach can enable the development of new scalable SiC nanostructured materials for use in a plethora of emerging applications, such as NW-based sensing, single-photon sources, quantum LEDs, and quantum photonics.
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43
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Aghdassi N, Krüger P, Linden S, Dulson D, Zacharias H. UV-induced formation of oxygen-derived dangling bonds on hydroxyl-terminated SiC. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:435002. [PMID: 30232961 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae2cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A combined theoretical and multi-technique experimental study was employed to comprehensively determine the electronic structure of 6H-SiC(0 0 0 1) surfaces upon hydroxyl and oxygen termination. We demonstrate the UV-induced formation of single-coordinated oxygen radicals in on-top sites above the atoms of the uppermost silicon layer of the substrate on initially hydroxyl-terminated SiC. Such a configuration of oxygen radicals represents an unprecedented adsorbate-derived system of unpaired electrons, bearing analogy to silicon and carbon dangling bonds on clean, unreconstructed SiC surfaces. We evidence the presence of adsorbate-derived surface states within the fundamental band gap for both hydroxyl- and oxygen-terminated SiC. For hydroxyl termination, a hydrogen-induced unoccupied surface state is revealed consistently by inverse photoemission spectroscopy and density-functional theory calculations employing self-interaction-corrected pseudopotentials (DFT-SIC). The formation of oxygen dangling bonds is accompanied by the occurrence of an occupied surface state derived from p x - and p y -orbitals associated with the unpaired electrons as proven by both ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and DFT-SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Aghdassi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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44
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Deku F, Frewin CL, Stiller A, Cohen Y, Aqeel S, Joshi-Imre A, Black B, Gardner TJ, Pancrazio JJ, Cogan SF. Amorphous Silicon Carbide Platform for Next Generation Penetrating Neural Interface Designs. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E480. [PMID: 30424413 PMCID: PMC6215182 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays that consistently and reliably record and stimulate neural activity under conditions of chronic implantation have so far eluded the neural interface community due to failures attributed to both biotic and abiotic mechanisms. Arrays with transverse dimensions of 10 µm or below are thought to minimize the inflammatory response; however, the reduction of implant thickness also decreases buckling thresholds for materials with low Young's modulus. While these issues have been overcome using stiffer, thicker materials as transport shuttles during implantation, the acute damage from the use of shuttles may generate many other biotic complications. Amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) provides excellent electrical insulation and a large Young's modulus, allowing the fabrication of ultrasmall arrays with increased resistance to buckling. Prototype a-SiC intracortical implants were fabricated containing 8 - 16 single shanks which had critical thicknesses of either 4 µm or 6 µm. The 6 µm thick a-SiC shanks could penetrate rat cortex without an insertion aid. Single unit recordings from SIROF-coated arrays implanted without any structural support are presented. This work demonstrates that a-SiC can provide an excellent mechanical platform for devices that penetrate cortical tissue while maintaining a critical thickness less than 10 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Deku
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Christopher L Frewin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Allison Stiller
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Yarden Cohen
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Saher Aqeel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Alexandra Joshi-Imre
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Bryan Black
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Timothy J Gardner
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Joseph J Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Stuart F Cogan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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45
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Hou Y, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Deng C, Yang Z, Chen Q, Du X, Zhao C, Zheng L. Enhanced Flexibility and Microwave Absorption Properties of HfC/SiC Nanofiber Mats. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29876-29883. [PMID: 30085641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hafnium carbide (HfC) phase, with a high melting point, excellent strength, and high electrical conductivity, could be a suitable addition to enhance the microwave absorption properties of one-dimensional silicon carbide (SiC) nanomaterials without sacrificing its high-temperature thermal stability. In the present work, HfC/SiC hybrid nanofiber mats with different HfC loading contents are fabricated by electrospinning and high-temperature pyrolysis. HfC hybrids with sizes of 5-10 nm are embedded in the SiC nanofibers. As the HfC content increases from 0 to 6.3 wt %, the average diameter of the fibers drops from 2.62 μm to 260 nm. Meanwhile, the electrical conductivity rises from 7.9 × 10-8 to 4.2 × 10-5 S/cm. Moreover, the flexibility of the nanofiber mats is also greatly improved, according to a 200-times 180° bending test. Furthermore, compared with pure SiC fiber mats, the HfC/SiC nanofiber mats possess much larger dielectric loss because of higher electrical conductivity. At the optimal HfC content of 2.5 wt %, the HfC/SiC nanofibers/silicon resin composite (10 wt %) exhibits a minimal reflection loss (RL) of -33.9 dB at 12.8 GHz and a 3 mm thickness with a broad effective absorption bandwidth (RL < -10 dB) of 7.4 GHz. The above results prove that introducing HfC into SiC nanofiber mats is an effective way to enhance their flexibility, dielectric properties, and microwave absorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory , Northwestern Polytechnical University , 710072 Xi'an , China
| | - Laifei Cheng
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory , Northwestern Polytechnical University , 710072 Xi'an , China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory , Northwestern Polytechnical University , 710072 Xi'an , China
| | - Yong Yang
- Temasek Laboratories , National University of Singapore , 5A Engineering Drive 1 , 117411 , Singapore
| | - Chaoran Deng
- Temasek Laboratories , National University of Singapore , 5A Engineering Drive 1 , 117411 , Singapore
| | - Zhihong Yang
- College of Material Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 210016 Nanjing , China
| | - Qi Chen
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory , Northwestern Polytechnical University , 710072 Xi'an , China
| | - Xiaoqing Du
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory , Northwestern Polytechnical University , 710072 Xi'an , China
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , 210044 Nanjing , China
| | - Lianxi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Khalifa University , 127788 Abu Dhabi , UAE
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46
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Ramon-Marquez T, Medina-Castillo AL, Nagiah N, Fernandez-Gutierrez A, Fernandez-Sanchez JF. A multifunctional material based on co-electrospinning for developing biosensors with optical oxygen transduction. Anal Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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47
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Wellman SM, Eles JR, Ludwig KA, Seymour JP, Michelson NJ, McFadden WE, Vazquez AL, Kozai TDY. A Materials Roadmap to Functional Neural Interface Design. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1701269. [PMID: 29805350 PMCID: PMC5963731 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201701269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in neurotechnologies for electrophysiology, neurochemical sensing, neuromodulation, and optogenetics are revolutionizing scientific understanding of the brain while enabling treatments, cures, and preventative measures for a variety of neurological disorders. The grand challenge in neural interface engineering is to seamlessly integrate the interface between neurobiology and engineered technology, to record from and modulate neurons over chronic timescales. However, the biological inflammatory response to implants, neural degeneration, and long-term material stability diminish the quality of interface overtime. Recent advances in functional materials have been aimed at engineering solutions for chronic neural interfaces. Yet, the development and deployment of neural interfaces designed from novel materials have introduced new challenges that have largely avoided being addressed. Many engineering efforts that solely focus on optimizing individual probe design parameters, such as softness or flexibility, downplay critical multi-dimensional interactions between different physical properties of the device that contribute to overall performance and biocompatibility. Moreover, the use of these new materials present substantial new difficulties that must be addressed before regulatory approval for use in human patients will be achievable. In this review, the interdependence of different electrode components are highlighted to demonstrate the current materials-based challenges facing the field of neural interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Wellman
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - James R Eles
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Kip A Ludwig
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - John P Seymour
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, 1301 Beal Ave., 2227 EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicholas J Michelson
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - William E McFadden
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for the Basis of Neural Cognition, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, 208 Center for Biotechnology, 300 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
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Wang T, Handschuh-Wang S, Huang L, Zhang L, Jiang X, Kong T, Zhang W, Lee CS, Zhou X, Tang Y. Controlling Directional Liquid Motion on Micro- and Nanocrystalline Diamond/β-SiC Composite Gradient Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1419-1428. [PMID: 29251943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this Article, we report the synthesis of micro- and nanocrystalline diamond/β-SiC composite gradient films, using a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique and its application as a robust and chemically inert means to actuate water and hazardous liquids. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy, the composition of the surface changed gradually from pure nanocrystalline diamond (hydrophobic) to a nanocrystalline β-SiC surface (hydrophilic). Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were employed to determine the presence of diamond, graphite, and β-SiC phases. The as-prepared gradient films were evaluated for their ability to actuate water. Indeed, water was transported via the gradient from the hydrophobic (hydrogen-terminated diamond) to the hydrophilic side (hydroxyl-terminated β-SiC) of the gradient surface. The driving distance and velocity of water is pivotally influenced by the surface roughness. The nanogradient surface showed significant promise as the lower roughness combined with the longer gradient yields in transport distances of up to 3.7 mm, with a maximum droplet velocity of nearly 250 mm/s measured by a high-speed camera. As diamond and β-SiC are chemically inert, the gradient surfaces can be used to drive hazardous liquids and reactive mixtures, which was signified by the actuation of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution. We envision that the diamond/β-SiC gradient surface has high potential as an actuator for water transport in microfluidic devices, DNA sensors, and implants, which induce guided cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephan Handschuh-Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621907, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen , Paul-Bonatz-Straße 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbing Tang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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49
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Hou Y, Zhang Y, Du X, Yang Y, Deng C, Yang Z, Zheng L, Cheng L. Flexible Fe3Si/SiC ultrathin hybrid fiber mats with designable microwave absorption performance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33574-33582. [PMID: 35548844 PMCID: PMC9086545 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06941g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible Fe3Si/SiC ultrathin fiber mats have been fabricated by electrospinning and high temperature treatment (1400 °C) using polycarbosilane (PCS) and ferric acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3) as precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Du
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yong Yang
- Temasek Laboratories
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Chaoran Deng
- Temasek Laboratories
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Zhihong Yang
- College of Material Science and Technology
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Lianxi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Khalifa University
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| | - Laifei Cheng
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
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50
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Wu S, Fan S, Tan S, Wang J, Li CP. A new strategy for the sensitive electrochemical determination of nitrophenol isomers using β-cyclodextrin derivative-functionalized silicon carbide. RSC Adv 2018; 8:775-784. [PMID: 35538938 PMCID: PMC9076973 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An illustration of simultaneous electrochemical determination of nitrophenol isomers using β-cyclodextrin derivative-functionalized silicon carbide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilian Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- PR China
| | - Shuangmei Fan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- PR China
| | - Shuang Tan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- PR China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- International Center for Photoelectronic and Engergy Materials Research (MOST)
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- PR China
| | - Can-Peng Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- PR China
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