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Grammatikopoulos T, Hadzic N, Foskett P, Strautnieks S, Samyn M, Vara R, Dhawan A, Hertecant J, Al Jasmi F, Rahman O, Deheragoda M, Bull LN, Thompson RJ. Liver Disease and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Children With Mutations in TALDO1. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:473-479. [PMID: 34677006 PMCID: PMC8870026 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the transaldolase 1 (TALDO1) gene have been described in a limited number of cases. Several organs can be affected and clinical manifestations are variable, but often include liver dysfunction and/or hepatosplenomegaly. We report 4 patients presenting with liver disease: 2 with early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with cholestasis and mutations in TALDO1 were identified by next-generation sequencing. Clinical, laboratory, and histological data were collected. Four (1 male) patients were identified with variants predicted to be damaging in TALDO1. Three patients were homozygous (two protein truncating/one missense mutations), 1 one was compound heterozygous (two missense mutations). Median age at presentation was 4 months (range, 2-210 days) with jaundice (3), hepatosplenomegaly (3), and pancytopaenia (1). The diagnosis was corroborated by detection of minimal transaldolase enzyme activity in skin fibroblasts in two cases and raised urine polyols in the third. Three patients underwent liver transplantation (LT), 2 of whom had confirmed HCC on explanted liver. One patient suddenly died shortly after LT. The nontransplanted case has a chronic liver disease with multiple dysplastic liver nodules, but normal liver biochemistry and alpha-fetoprotein. Median follow-up was 4 years (range, 1-21). Conclusion: Transaldolase deficiency can include early-onset normal gamma-glutamyltransferase liver disease with multisystem involvement and variable progression. Patients with this disease are at risk of early-onset HCC and may require early LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassos Grammatikopoulos
- Pediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Center and MowatLabsKing's College HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom.,Institute of Liver StudiesKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nedim Hadzic
- Pediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Center and MowatLabsKing's College HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pierre Foskett
- Institute of Liver StudiesKing's College HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Marianne Samyn
- Pediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Center and MowatLabsKing's College HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roshni Vara
- Department of Pediatric Inherited Metabolic DiseasesEvelina Children's HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Pediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Center and MowatLabsKing's College HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jozef Hertecant
- Division of Genetics/MetabolicsDepartment of PediatricsTawam HospitalAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Al Jasmi
- Division of Genetics/MetabolicsDepartment of PediatricsTawam HospitalAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Obydur Rahman
- Institute of Liver StudiesKing's College HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maesha Deheragoda
- Institute of Liver StudiesKing's College HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura N Bull
- Institute for Human Genetics and Liver Center LaboratoryDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Richard J Thompson
- Pediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Center and MowatLabsKing's College HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom.,Institute of Liver StudiesKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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2
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Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Ulaszewska M, Garcia-Aloy M, Mattivi F, Praticò G, Dragsted LO, Manach C. Biomarkers of intake for tropical fruits. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:11. [PMID: 32560627 PMCID: PMC7304196 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of fruit and vegetable is a key component of a healthy and sustainable diet. However, their accurate dietary assessment remains a challenge. Due to errors in self-reporting methods, the available dietary information is usually biased. Biomarkers of intake constitute objective tools to better reflect the usual or recent consumption of different foods, including fruits and vegetables. Partners of The Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBall) Project have undertaken the task of reviewing the available literature on putative biomarkers of tropical fruit intake. The identified candidate biomarkers were subject to validation evaluation using eight biological and chemical criteria. This publication presents the current knowledge on intake biomarkers for 17 tropical fruits including banana, mango, and avocado as the most widely consumed ones. Candidate biomarkers were found only for banana, avocado, and watermelon. An array of banana-derived metabolites has been reported in human biofluids, among which 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid, dopamine sulfate, methoxyeugenol glucuronide, salsolinol sulfate, 6-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-sulfate, and other catecholamine metabolites. Their validation is still at an early stage, with insufficient data on dose-response relationship. Perseitol and mannoheptulose have recently been reported as candidate biomarkers for avocado intake, while the amino acid citrulline has been associated with watermelon intake. Additionally, the examination of food composition data revealed some highly specific phytochemicals, which metabolites after absorption may be further studied as putative BFI for one or several tropical fruits. To make the field move forward, untargeted metabolomics, as a data-driven explorative approach, will have to be applied in both intervention and observational studies to discover putative BFIs, while their full validation and the establishment of dose-response calibration curves will require quantification methods at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vázquez-Manjarrez
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Ulaszewska
- Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - M Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Mattivi
- Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - G Praticò
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Manach
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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3
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Oaks Z, Jimah J, Grossman CC, Beckford M, Kelly R, Banerjee S, Niland B, Miklossy G, Kuloglu Z, Kansu A, Lee W, Szonyi L, Banki K, Perl A. Transaldolase haploinsufficiency in subjects with acetaminophen-induced liver failure. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:496-506. [PMID: 31769880 PMCID: PMC7317976 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transaldolase (TAL) is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) that generates NADPH for protection against oxidative stress. While deficiency of other PPP enzymes, such as transketolase (TKT), are incompatible with mammalian cell survival, mice lacking TAL are viable and develop progressive liver disease attributed to oxidative stress. Mice with homozygous or heterozygous TAL deficiency are predisposed to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver failure. Both mice and humans with complete TAL deficiency accumulate sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (S7P). Previous human studies relied on screening patients with S7P accumulation, thus excluding potentially pathogenic haploinsufficiency. Of note, mice with TAL haploinsufficiency are also predisposed to HCC and APAP-induced liver failure which are preventable with oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration. Based on TALDO1 DNA sequencing, we detected functional TAL deficiency due to novel, heterozygous variations in two of 94 healthy adults and four of 27 subjects with APAP-induced liver failure (P = .022). The functional consequences of these variations were individually validated by site-directed mutagenesis of normal cDNA and loss of activity by recombinant enzyme. All four patients with TAL haplo-insufficiency with APAP-induced liver failure were successfully treated with NAC. We also document two novel variations in two of 15 children with previously unexplained liver cirrhosis. Examination of the National Center for Biotechnology Information databases revealed 274 coding region variations have been documented in 1125 TALDO1 sequences relative to 25 variations in 2870 TKT sequences (P < .0001). These findings suggest an unexpected prevalence and variety of genetic changes in human TALDO1 with relevance for liver injury that may be preventable by treatment with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Oaks
- Department of Medicine, State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - John Jimah
- Department of Medicine, State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Craig C. Grossman
- Department of Medicine, State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Miguel Beckford
- Department of Medicine, State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Ryan Kelly
- Department of Medicine, State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Sanjay Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Brian Niland
- Department of Medicine, State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Gabriella Miklossy
- Department of Medicine, State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Zarife Kuloglu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and HepatologyAnkara University School of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
| | - Aydan Kansu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and HepatologyAnkara University School of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
| | - William Lee
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Laszlo Szonyi
- Department of Pediatrics ISemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Katalin Banki
- Department of Pathology, State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Andras Perl
- Department of Medicine, State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
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4
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Challenges in Analysis of Hydrophilic Metabolites Using Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Akram M, Ali Shah SM, Munir N, Daniyal M, Tahir IM, Mahmood Z, Irshad M, Akhlaq M, Sultana S, Zainab R. Hexose monophosphate shunt, the role of its metabolites and associated disorders: A review. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14473-14482. [PMID: 30697723 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt acts as an essential component of cellular metabolism in maintaining carbon homeostasis. The HMP shunt comprises two phases viz. oxidative and nonoxidative, which provide different intermediates for the synthesis of biomolecules like nucleotides, DNA, RNA, amino acids, and so forth; reducing molecules for anabolism and detoxifying the reactive oxygen species during oxidative stress. The HMP shunt is significantly important in the liver, adipose tissue, erythrocytes, adrenal glands, lactating mammary glands and testes. We have researched the articles related to the HMP pathway, its metabolites and disorders related to its metabolic abnormalities. The literature for this paper was taken typically from a personal database, the Cochrane database of systemic reviews, PubMed publications, biochemistry textbooks, and electronic journals uptil date on the hexose monophosphate shunt. The HMP shunt is a tightly controlled metabolic pathway, which is also interconnected with other metabolic pathways in the body like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glucuronic acid depending upon the metabolic needs of the body and depending upon the biochemical demand. The HMP shunt plays a significant role in NADPH2 formation and in pentose sugars that are biosynthetic precursors of nucleic acids and amino acids. Cells can be protected from highly reactive oxygen species by NADPH 2 . Deficiency in the hexose monophosphate pathway is linked to numerous disorders. Furthermore, it was also reported that this metabolic pathway could act as a therapeutic target to treat different types of cancers, so treatments at the molecular level could be planned by limiting the synthesis of biomolecules required for proliferating cells provided by the HMP shunt, hence, more experiments still could be carried out to find additional discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- College of Allied Health Professional, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professional, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahed Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir (UoKAJK), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhlaq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, DIK, KP, Pakistan
| | - Sabira Sultana
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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6
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Williams M, Valayannopoulos V, Altassan R, Chung WK, Heijboer AC, Keng WT, Lapatto R, McClean P, Mulder MF, Tylki-Szymańska A, Walenkamp MJE, Alfadhel M, Alakeel H, Salomons GS, Eyaid W, Wamelink MMC. Clinical, biochemical, and molecular overview of transaldolase deficiency and evaluation of the endocrine function: Update of 34 patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:147-158. [PMID: 30740741 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transaldolase deficiency (TALDO-D) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of the pentose phosphate pathway. Since its first description in 2001, several case reports have been published, but there has been no comprehensive overview of phenotype, genotype, and phenotype-genotype correlation. METHODS We performed a retrospective questionnaire and literature study of clinical, biochemical, and molecular data of 34 patients from 25 families with proven TALDO-D. In some patients, endocrine abnormalities have been found. To further evaluate these abnormalities, we performed biochemical investigations on blood of 14 patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Most patients (n = 22) had an early-onset presentation (prenatally or before 1 month of age); 12 patients had a late-onset presentation (3 months to 9 years). Main presenting symptoms were intrauterine growth restriction, dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart disease, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hepato(spleno)megaly. An older sib of two affected patients was asymptomatic until the age of 9 years, and only after molecular diagnosis was hepatomegaly noted. In some patients, there was gonadal dysfunction with low levels of testosterone and secondary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) abnormalities later in life. This overview provides information that can be helpful for managing patients and counseling families regarding prognosis. Diagnostic guidelines, possible genotype-phenotype correlations, treatment options, and pathophysiological disease mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Williams
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vassili Valayannopoulos
- Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease, Institut IMAGINE, Hopital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Ruqaiah Altassan
- King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh, National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Teik Keng
- Genetic Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Risto Lapatto
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patricia McClean
- Children's Liver Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Margot F Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatric, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Majid Alfadhel
- King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh, National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar Alakeel
- King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh, National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wafaa Eyaid
- King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh, National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mirjam M C Wamelink
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Mack CI, Weinert CH, Egert B, Ferrario PG, Bub A, Hoffmann I, Watzl B, Daniel H, Kulling SE. The complex human urinary sugar profile: determinants revealed in the cross-sectional KarMeN study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:502-516. [PMID: 30535088 PMCID: PMC6134285 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although sugars and sugar derivatives are an important class of metabolites involved in many physiologic processes, there is limited knowledge on their occurrence and pattern in biofluids. Objective Our aim was to obtain a comprehensive urinary sugar profile of healthy participants and to demonstrate the wide applicability and usefulness of this sugar profiling approach for nutritional as well as clinical studies. Design In the cross-sectional KarMeN study, the 24-h urine samples of 301 healthy participants on an unrestricted diet, assessed via a 24-h recall, were analyzed by a newly developed semitargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling method that enables the detection of known and unknown sugar compounds. Statistical analyses were performed with respect to associations of sex and diet with the urinary sugar profile. Results In total, 40 known and 15 unknown sugar compounds were detected in human urine, ranging from mono- and disaccharides, polyols, and sugar acids to currently unknown sugar-like compounds. A number of rarely analyzed sugars were found in urine samples. Maltose was found in statistically higher concentrations in the urine of women compared with men and was also associated with menopausal status. Further, a number of individual sugar compounds associated with the consumption of specific foods, such as avocado, or food groups, such as alcoholic beverages and dairy products, were identified. Conclusions We here provide data on the complex nature of the sugar profile in human urine, of which some compounds may have the potential to serve as dietary markers or early disease biomarkers. Thus, comprehensive urinary sugar profiling not only has the potential to increase our knowledge of host sugar metabolism, but can also reveal new dietary markers after consumption of individual food items, and may lead to the identification of early disease biomarkers in the future. The KarMeN study was registered at drks.de as DRKS00004890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina I Mack
- Departments of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph H Weinert
- Departments of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Björn Egert
- Departments of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paola G Ferrario
- Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hoffmann
- Departments of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Departments of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany,Address correspondence to SEK (e-mail: )
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8
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Ralser M. An appeal to magic? The discovery of a non-enzymatic metabolism and its role in the origins of life. Biochem J 2018; 475:2577-2592. [PMID: 30166494 PMCID: PMC6117946 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, prebiotic precursors to metabolic pathways were not known. In parallel, chemistry achieved the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides only in reaction sequences that do not resemble metabolic pathways, and by using condition step changes, incompatible with enzyme evolution. As a consequence, it was frequently assumed that the topological organisation of the metabolic pathway has formed in a Darwinian process. The situation changed with the discovery of a non-enzymatic glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. The suite of metabolism-like reactions is promoted by a metal cation, (Fe(II)), abundant in Archean sediment, and requires no condition step changes. Knowledge about metabolism-like reaction topologies has accumulated since, and supports non-enzymatic origins of gluconeogenesis, the S-adenosylmethionine pathway, the Krebs cycle, as well as CO2 fixation. It now feels that it is only a question of time until essential parts of metabolism can be replicated non-enzymatically. Here, I review the 'accidents' that led to the discovery of the non-enzymatic glycolysis, and on the example of a chemical network based on hydrogen cyanide, I provide reasoning why metabolism-like non-enzymatic reaction topologies may have been missed for a long time. Finally, I discuss that, on the basis of non-enzymatic metabolism-like networks, one can elaborate stepwise scenarios for the origin of metabolic pathways, a situation that increasingly renders the origins of metabolism a tangible problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, U.K
- Department of Biochemistry, Charitè, Am Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transaldolase deficiency (TALDO; OMIM 606003) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive error of the pentose phosphate pathway that, to date, has been diagnosed in 33 patients. Tżhere are few reports regarding the long-term follow-up of these patients.The aim of our study is to present the disease progression in the form of a systematic long-term follow-up of four Polish patients with TALDO. METHODS AND RESULTS We report four patients who manifested early onset TALDO. They were monitored with systematic clinical and laboratory examinations for 4-13 years. The dominant feature was an early liver injury, with subsequent renal tubulopathy. All patients presented with osteopenia and poor physical development. Our data shows that polyol concentrations seem to decrease with age. CONCLUSIONS In our patients, a progressive coagulopathy was the most sensitive parameter of liver dysfunction. Nodular fibrosis of the liver developed over the natural course of TALDO. This is the first report of long-term systematic clinical and biochemical monitoring of the disease progress in patients with TALDO.
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10
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Rist MJ, Roth A, Frommherz L, Weinert CH, Krüger R, Merz B, Bunzel D, Mack C, Egert B, Bub A, Görling B, Tzvetkova P, Luy B, Hoffmann I, Kulling SE, Watzl B. Metabolite patterns predicting sex and age in participants of the Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition (KarMeN) study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183228. [PMID: 28813537 PMCID: PMC5558977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and functional parameters, such as body composition, or physical fitness are known to differ between men and women and to change with age. The goal of this study was to investigate how sex and age-related physiological conditions are reflected in the metabolome of healthy humans and whether sex and age can be predicted based on the plasma and urine metabolite profiles. In the cross-sectional KarMeN (Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition) study 301 healthy men and women aged 18–80 years were recruited. Participants were characterized in detail applying standard operating procedures for all measurements including anthropometric, clinical, and functional parameters. Fasting blood and 24 h urine samples were analyzed by targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches, namely by mass spectrometry coupled to one- or comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography or liquid chromatography, and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This yielded in total more than 400 analytes in plasma and over 500 analytes in urine. Predictive modelling was applied on the metabolomics data set using different machine learning algorithms. Based on metabolite profiles from urine and plasma, it was possible to identify metabolite patterns which classify participants according to sex with > 90% accuracy. Plasma metabolites important for the correct classification included creatinine, branched-chain amino acids, and sarcosine. Prediction of age was also possible based on metabolite profiles for men and women, separately. Several metabolites important for this prediction could be identified including choline in plasma and sedoheptulose in urine. For women, classification according to their menopausal status was possible from metabolome data with > 80% accuracy. The metabolite profile of human urine and plasma allows the prediction of sex and age with high accuracy, which means that sex and age are associated with a discriminatory metabolite signature in healthy humans and therefore should always be considered in metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela J. Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Roth
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lara Frommherz
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph H. Weinert
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Krüger
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Diana Bunzel
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carina Mack
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Björn Egert
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin Görling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pavleta Tzvetkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Burkhard Luy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hoffmann
- Department of Nutrition Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine E. Kulling
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Hibbs JB, Vavrin Z, Cox JE. Complex coordinated extracellular metabolism: Acid phosphatases activate diluted human leukocyte proteins to generate energy flow as NADPH from purine nucleotide ribose. Redox Biol 2016; 8:271-84. [PMID: 26895212 PMCID: PMC4761651 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex metabolism is thought to occur exclusively in the crowded intracellular environment. Here we report that diluted enzymes from lysed human leukocytes produce extracellular energy. Our findings involve two pathways: the purine nucleotide catabolic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway, which function together to generate energy as NADPH. Glucose6P fuel for NADPH production is generated from structural ribose of purine ribonucleoside monophosphates, ADP, and ADP-ribose. NADPH drives glutathione reductase to reduce an oxidized glutathione disulfide-glutathione redox couple. Acid phosphatases initiate ribose5P salvage from purine ribonucleoside monophosphates, and transaldolase controls the direction of carbon chain flow through the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. These metabolic control points are regulated by pH. Biologically, this energy conserving metabolism could function in perturbed extracellular spaces. Extracellular metabolism occurs in dilute human leukocyte cytosolic protein solution. Extracellular metabolism is activated by acid phosphatases. Ribose5P salvage from purine nucleotides and its metabolism produces NADPH. Extracellular NADPH generating metabolism influences the redox environment. Extracellular metabolism could be a component of inflammation and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Hibbs
- Emeritus, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Zdenek Vavrin
- VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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12
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Wamelink MMC, Ramos RJJF, van den Elzen APM, Ruijter GJG, Bonte R, Diogo L, Garcia P, Neves N, Nota B, Haschemi A, Tavares de Almeida I, Salomons GS. First two unrelated cases of isolated sedoheptulokinase deficiency: A benign disorder? J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:889-94. [PMID: 25647543 PMCID: PMC4551550 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present the first two reported unrelated patients with an isolated sedoheptulokinase (SHPK) deficiency. The first patient presented with neonatal cholestasis, hypoglycemia, and anemia, while the second patient presented with congenital arthrogryposis multiplex, multiple contractures, and dysmorphisms. Both patients had elevated excretion of erythritol and sedoheptulose, and each had a homozygous nonsense mutation in SHPK. SHPK is an enzyme that phosphorylates sedoheptulose to sedoheptulose-7-phosphate, which is an important intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. It is questionable whether SHPK deficiency is a causal factor for the clinical phenotypes of our patients. This study illustrates the necessity of extensive functional and clinical workup for interpreting a novel variant, including nonsense variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam M C Wamelink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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13
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Transaldolase Deficiency: A New Case Expands the Phenotypic Spectrum. JIMD Rep 2015; 26:31-6. [PMID: 26238251 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transaldolase (TALDO) deficiency has various clinical manifestations including liver dysfunction, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and dysmorphic features. We report a case presenting prenatally with hyperechogenic bowel and intrauterine growth restriction. The infant was born small for gestational age, with cutis laxa and hypertrichosis. Postnatally, meconium plug was identified, complicated with intestinal obstruction necessitating laparotomy, partial resection of the intestine, and ileostomy. Liver biopsy revealed cholangiolar proliferation and portal fibrosis. He also suffered from persistent congenital thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusions and severe hypothyroidism with normal anatomical and structural gland responding only to the combination of T3 and T4 treatment. Neurologically, severe hypotonia and anisocoria were noted at the age of 2 months. Brain MRI was normal. Shortly after the abdominal surgery, a rapid liver failure ensued, which eventually led to his death. Specific metabolic tests ruled out glycosylation disorders, yet urine analysis using 1H NMR showed accumulation of sedoheptulose which was previously described in patients with transaldolase deficiency. Sequencing of the gene-encoding transaldolase (TALDO1) revealed a homozygous stop mutation c.669C>G; p.Tyr223*. In conclusion, we present an infant with a novel homozygous mutation in TALDO1, causing TALDO deficiency, and extend the clinical characteristics of this rare syndrome.
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Al-Shamsi AM, Ben-Salem S, Hertecant J, Al-Jasmi F. Transaldolase deficiency caused by the homozygous p.R192C mutation of the TALDO1 gene in four Emirati patients with considerable phenotypic variability. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:661-8. [PMID: 25388407 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transaldolase deficiency is a heterogeneous disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized clinically by dysmorphic features, cutis laxa, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic fibrosis, pancytopenia, renal and cardiac abnormalities, and urinary excretion of polyols. This report describes four Emirati patients with transaldolase deficiency caused by the homozygous p.R192C missense mutation in TALDO1 displaying wide phenotypic variability. The patients had variable clinical presentations including hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, liver failure, proteinuria, hydrops fetalis, cardiomyopathy, and skin manifestations (e.g., dryness, cutis laxa, ichthyosis, telangiectasias, and hemangiomas). Biochemical analyses including urinary concentration of polyols were consistent with transaldolase deficiency. The mutation p.R192C was previously identified in an Arab patient, suggesting a founder effect in Arab populations. CONCLUSION The above findings support the premise that biallelic mutations in TALDO1 are responsible for transaldolase deficiency and confirm the broad phenotypic variability of this condition, even with the same genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha M Al-Shamsi
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 17666, United Arab Emirates,
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15
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Stincone A, Prigione A, Cramer T, Wamelink MMC, Campbell K, Cheung E, Olin-Sandoval V, Grüning NM, Krüger A, Tauqeer Alam M, Keller MA, Breitenbach M, Brindle KM, Rabinowitz JD, Ralser M. The return of metabolism: biochemistry and physiology of the pentose phosphate pathway. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:927-63. [PMID: 25243985 PMCID: PMC4470864 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 823] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a fundamental component of cellular metabolism. The PPP is important to maintain carbon homoeostasis, to provide precursors for nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, to provide reducing molecules for anabolism, and to defeat oxidative stress. The PPP shares reactions with the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and Calvin cycle and divides into an oxidative and non-oxidative branch. The oxidative branch is highly active in most eukaryotes and converts glucose 6-phosphate into carbon dioxide, ribulose 5-phosphate and NADPH. The latter function is critical to maintain redox balance under stress situations, when cells proliferate rapidly, in ageing, and for the ‘Warburg effect’ of cancer cells. The non-oxidative branch instead is virtually ubiquitous, and metabolizes the glycolytic intermediates fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate as well as sedoheptulose sugars, yielding ribose 5-phosphate for the synthesis of nucleic acids and sugar phosphate precursors for the synthesis of amino acids. Whereas the oxidative PPP is considered unidirectional, the non-oxidative branch can supply glycolysis with intermediates derived from ribose 5-phosphate and vice versa, depending on the biochemical demand. These functions require dynamic regulation of the PPP pathway that is achieved through hierarchical interactions between transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. Consequently, the biochemistry and regulation of this pathway, while still unresolved in many cases, are archetypal for the dynamics of the metabolic network of the cell. In this comprehensive article we review seminal work that led to the discovery and description of the pathway that date back now for 80 years, and address recent results about genetic and metabolic mechanisms that regulate its activity. These biochemical principles are discussed in the context of PPP deficiencies causing metabolic disease and the role of this pathway in biotechnology, bacterial and parasite infections, neurons, stem cell potency and cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stincone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Cramer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam M C Wamelink
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, De Boelelaaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Eric Cheung
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Viridiana Olin-Sandoval
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Nana-Maria Grüning
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Antje Krüger
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammad Tauqeer Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Markus A Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Michael Breitenbach
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute (CRI), Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 NJ, U.S.A
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Division of Physiology and Metabolism, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7, U.K
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16
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Clinical and molecular characteristics of two transaldolase-deficient patients. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173:1679-82. [PMID: 24497183 PMCID: PMC4245499 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transaldolase (TALDO) deficiency is a rare metabolic disease in the pentose phosphate pathway, which manifests as a severe, early-onset multisystem disease. The body fluids of affected patients contain increased polyol concentrations and seven-carbon chain carbohydrates. We report the molecular and clinical findings in two recently diagnosed transaldolase-deficient children, both presented at birth. During infancy, they presented thin skin with a network of visible vessels, spider telangiectasias and multiple haemangiomas. Such unusual skin changes are characteristic of liver damage. Later, the patients developed rapidly progressive nodular liver fibrosis, tubulopathy and severe clotting disturbances. The clinical features of these patients were in line with previously studied patients with transaldolase deficiency. The diagnosis was established by detecting high concentrations of erythritol, ribitol, arabitol, sedoheptitol, perseitol, sedoheptulose and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate in the urine. Detection was made by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and then confirmed by molecular analysis of the TALDO gene. CONCLUSION Transaldolase deficiency, a rare early-onset multisystem disease, should be considered by neonatologists, paediatricians, hepatologists and nephrologists in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, anaemia, bleeding diathesis, liver failure and tubulopathy.
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17
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Eyaid W, Al Harbi T, Anazi S, Wamelink MMC, Jakobs C, Al Salammah M, Al Balwi M, Alfadhel M, Alkuraya FS. Transaldolase deficiency: report of 12 new cases and further delineation of the phenotype. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:997-1004. [PMID: 23315216 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transaldolase deficiency is a recently described inborn error of pentose phosphate pathway. We conducted this study to further delineate the associated phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS We report on 12 new cases representing six families with this metabolic defect that were observed over an 8 year span. None of these cases received the correct diagnosis initially because of significant overlap in the presenting symptoms (growth retardation, dysmorphic features, cutis laxa, congenital heart disease, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and bleeding tendency) with a wide range of genetic disorders. However, the consanguineous nature of these families allowed us to pursue autozygome analysis, which highlighted TALDO as the likely candidate gene and sequencing confirmed segregation of a novel homozygous mutation with the disease in all the studied families. Biochemical analysis was also consistent with transaldolase deficiency. CONCLUSION This study expands the clinical definition of transaldolase deficiency, and adds to its allelic heterogeneity. In addition, we emphasize the diagnostic challenge posed by this rare and pleiotropic metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Eyaid
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetics division, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
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18
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Novel association of early onset hepatocellular carcinoma with transaldolase deficiency. JIMD Rep 2013; 12:121-7. [PMID: 24097415 PMCID: PMC3897795 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2013_254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated a family with a 16-month-old boy with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and his 30-month-old brother with cirrhosis. After failing to identify a diagnosis after routine metabolic evaluation, we utilized a combination of RNA-Seq and whole exome sequencing to identify a novel homozygous p.Ser171Phe Transaldolase (TALDO1) variant in the proband, his brother with cirrhosis, as well as a clinically asymptomatic older 8-year-old brother. Metabolite analysis and enzymatic testing of TALDO1 demonstrated elevated ribitol, sedoheptitol, and sedoheptulose-7P, and lack of activity of TALDO1 in the three children homozygous for the p.Ser171Phe mutation. Our findings expand the phenotype of transaldolase deficiency to include early onset hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and demonstrate that, even within the same family, individuals with the same homozygous mutation demonstrate a wide range of phenotypes.
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19
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Ge SL, Wang H, Wang ZF, Cheng S, Wang QJ, He PG, Fang YZ. Sensitive measurement of polyols in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with amperometric detection using on-column complexation with borate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 915-916:39-45. [PMID: 23328250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about human polyol metabolism, but recent studies indicate that abnormal polyol concentrations in body fluids are related to several diseases. In this study, a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of seven major polyols in urine including two groups of polyol isomers, C5-polyols (Rib+Arb+Xyl) and C6-polyols (Sor+Gal+Man), was developed using capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with amperometric detection (CZE-AD). The effects of the working electrode potential, pH, running buffer components and concentrations, separation voltage and injection times were investigated. Under the optimised conditions, seven types of polyols could be perfectly separated via the formation of anionic polyol-borate complexes in a borate buffer solution. Highly linear current responses to the polyol concentrations were obtained with good correlation (0.9984<R(2)<0.9997), and the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 1.33×10(-6) to 5.8×10(-7) mol L(-1) (S/N=3). The proposed method has been successfully used to detect polyols in urinary samples from healthy subjects and diabetes patients, demonstrating accurate and reliable results. This method has potential applications in the recognition of inborn errors affecting polyol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-li Ge
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
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20
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Loeffen YGT, Biebuyck N, Wamelink MMC, Jakobs C, Mulder MF, Tylki-Szymańska A, Fung CW, Valayannopoulos V, Bökenkamp A. Nephrological abnormalities in patients with transaldolase deficiency. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:3224-7. [PMID: 22510381 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transaldolase deficiency (OMIM 606003) is a multisystem disorder first described in 2001. Transaldolase is an enzyme of the reversible part of the pentose phosphate pathway. Affected patients have abnormal polyol concentrations in body fluids, mostly in urine. The clinical presentation is variable. The leading symptoms are coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic fibrosis and dysmorphic features. The objective of our study was to attempt to characterize the renal phenotype of patients with transaldolase deficiency. METHODS Clinical and laboratory data of all nine patients with transaldolase deficiency presently known were gathered by retrospective chart analysis. RESULTS Nephrological abnormalities were present in seven of the nine patients. The most common findings were low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria and hypercalciuria. The two oldest patients had moderate chronic kidney failure. In two patients, generalized aminoaciduria was found, two patients had renal phosphate wasting and three patients had hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Three patients had anatomical abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Renal tubular dysfunction is present in the majority of patients with transaldolase deficiency and may lead to chronic renal failure. The combination of unexplained liver dysfunction with LMW proteinuria should prompt metabolic screening for transaldolase deficiency by measuring urinary polyols. In patients with transaldolase deficiency, monitoring of kidney function is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette G T Loeffen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Becker S, Kortz L, Helmschrodt C, Thiery J, Ceglarek U. LC–MS-based metabolomics in the clinical laboratory. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 883-884:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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22
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Mitochondrial involvement and erythronic acid as a novel biomarker in transaldolase deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:1028-35. [PMID: 20600873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedoheptulose, arabitol, ribitol, and erythritol have been identified as key diagnostic metabolites in TALDO deficiency. METHOD Urine from 6 TALDO-deficient patients and TALDO-deficient knock-out mice were analyzed using ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and GC-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our data confirm the known metabolic characteristics in TALDO-deficient patients. The β-furanose form was the major sedoheptulose anomer in TALDO-deficient patients. Erythronic acid was identified as a major abnormal metabolite in all patients and in knock-out TALDO mice implicating an as yet unknown biochemical pathway in this disease. A putative sequence of enzymatic reactions leading to the formation of erythronic acid is presented. The urinary concentration of the citric acid cycle intermediates 2-oxoglutaric acid and fumaric acid was increased in the majority of TALDO-deficient patients but not in the knock-out mice. CONCLUSION Erythronic acid is a novel and major hallmark in TALDO deficiency. The pathway leading to its production may play a role in healthy humans as well. In TALDO-deficient patients, there is an increased flux through this pathway. The finding of increased citric acid cycle intermediates hints toward a disturbed mitochondrial metabolism in TALDO deficiency.
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23
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Tylki-Szymańska A, Stradomska TJ, Wamelink MMC, Salomons GS, Taybert J, Pawłowska J, Jakobs C. Transaldolase deficiency in two new patients with a relative mild phenotype. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 97:15-7. [PMID: 19299175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transaldolase (TALDO) deficiency is a recently described inborn error of metabolism of the pentose phosphate pathway that so far has been diagnosed in only eight patients. In this article, we report the clinical course and biochemical findings of two newly identified patients with TALDO deficiency-two sons of consanguineous parents from Polish origin, presenting with neonatal onset of bleeding diathesis, haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. Subsequently the patients had persistent thrombocytopenia, a bleeding tendency, impaired liver function and fibrosis. Their physical and psychomotor development progressed normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Clinic of Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland. ,
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24
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Wamelink MMC, Struys EA, Jakobs C. The biochemistry, metabolism and inherited defects of the pentose phosphate pathway: a review. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31:703-17. [PMID: 18987987 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-1015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of two defects (ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency and transaldolase deficiency) in the reversible part of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) has stimulated interest in this pathway. In this review we describe the functions of the PPP, its relation to other pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and an overview of the metabolic defects in the reversible part of the PPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M C Wamelink
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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25
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Wamelink MM, Struys EA, Salomons GS, Fowler D, Jakobs C, Clayton PT. Transaldolase deficiency in a two-year-old boy with cirrhosis. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 94:255-8. [PMID: 18331807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transaldolase (TALDO) deficiency is a rare inborn error of the pentose phosphate pathway. We report the clinical presentation and laboratory findings of a new patient with TALDO deficiency. The two-year-old Arabic boy presented with neonatal onset of anemia and thrombocytopenia, tubulopathy, and rickets and was subsequently found to have cirrhosis and deafness. A comparison with other TALDO deficient patients is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam M Wamelink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wamelink MMC, Struys EA, Jansen EEW, Levtchenko EN, Zijlstra FSM, Engelke U, Blom HJ, Jakobs C, Wevers RA. Sedoheptulokinase deficiency due to a 57-kb deletion in cystinosis patients causes urinary accumulation of sedoheptulose: elucidation of the CARKL gene. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:532-6. [PMID: 18186520 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The most common mutation in the nephropathic cystinosis (CTNS) gene is a homozygous 57-kb deletion that also includes an adjacent gene carbohydrate kinase-like (CARKL). The latter gene encodes a protein that is predicted to function as a carbohydrate kinase. Cystinosis patients with the common 57-kb deletion had strongly elevated urinary concentrations of sedoheptulose (28-451 mmol/mol creatinine; controls and other cystinosis patients <9) and erythritol (234-1110 mmol/mol creatinine; controls and other cystinosis patients <148). Enzyme studies performed on fibroblast homogenates derived from patients carrying the 57-kb deletion revealed 80% reduction in their sedoheptulose phosphorylating activity compared to cystinosis patients with other mutations and controls. This indicates that the CARKL-encoded protein, sedoheptulokinase (SHK), is responsible for the reaction: sedoheptulose + ATP --> sedoheptulose-7-phosphate + ADP and that deletion of CARKL causes urinary accumulation of sedoheptulose and erythritol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam M C Wamelink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wamelink MMC, Struys EA, Valayannopoulos V, Gonzales M, Saudubray JM, Jakobs C. Retrospective detection of transaldolase deficiency in amniotic fluid: implications for prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2008; 28:460-2. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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