1
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Zhang L, Xie F, Wang X, Sun Z, Hu H, Wu Y, Zhang S, Chen X, Qian L, Zhao Y. N 6-methyldeoxyadenosine modification difference contributes to homocysteine-induced mitochondrial perturbation in rat hippocampal primary neurons and PC12 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116410. [PMID: 38969302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are detrimental to neuronal cells and contribute to cognitive dysfunction in rats. Mitochondria plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism. Interestingly, the damaging effects of Hcy in vivo and in vitro conditions exhibit distinct results. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of Hcy on mitochondrial function in primary neurons and PC12 cells and explore the underlying mechanisms involved. The metabolic intermediates of Hcy act as methyl donors and play important epigenetic regulatory roles. N6-methyldeoxyadenosine (6 mA) modification, which is enriched in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), can be mediated by methylase METTL4. Our study suggested that mitochondrial perturbation caused by Hcy in primary neurons and PC12 cells may be attributable to mtDNA 6 mA modification difference. Hcy could activate the expression of METTL4 within mitochondria to facilitate mtDNA 6 mA status, and repress mtDNA transcription, then result in mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shijia Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjia Qian
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Göppert-Asadollahpour S, Wohlwend D, Friedrich T. Structural robustness of the NADH binding site in NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149491. [PMID: 38960077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Energy converting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, complex I, is the first enzyme of respiratory chains in most eukaryotes and many bacteria. Mutations in genes encoding subunits of human complex I may lead to its dysfunction resulting in a diverse clinical pattern. The effect of mutations on the protein structure is not known. Here, we focus on mutations R88G, E246K, P252R and E377K that are found in subunit NDUFV1 comprising the NADH binding site of complex I. Homologous mutations were introduced into subunit NuoF of Aquifex aeolicus complex I and it was attempted to crystallize variants of the electron input module, NuoEF, with bound substrates in the oxidized and reduced state. The E377K variant did not form crystals most likely due to an improper protein assembly. The architecture of the NADH binding site is hardly affected by the other mutations indicating its unexpected structural robustness. The R88G, E246K and P252R mutations led to small local structural rearrangements that might be related to their pathogenicity. These minor structural changes involve substrate binding, product release and the putative formation of reactive oxygen species. The structural consequences of the mutations as obtained with the bacterial enzyme might thus help to contribute to the understanding of disease causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Wohlwend
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Biochemie, Albertstr. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Friedrich
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Biochemie, Albertstr. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Stovickova L, Hansikova H, Hanzalova J, Musova Z, Semjonov V, Stovicek P, Hadzic H, Novotna L, Simcik M, Strnad P, Serbina A, Karamazovova S, Schwabova Paulasova J, Vyhnalek M, Krsek P, Zumrova A. Exploring mitochondrial biomarkers for Friedreich's ataxia: a multifaceted approach. J Neurol 2024; 271:3439-3454. [PMID: 38520521 PMCID: PMC11136723 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an in-depth analysis of mitochondrial enzyme activities in Friedreich's ataxia (FA) patients, focusing on the Electron Transport Chain complexes I, II, and IV, the Krebs Cycle enzyme Citrate Synthase, and Coenzyme Q10 levels. It examines a cohort of 34 FA patients, comparing their mitochondrial enzyme activities and clinical parameters, including disease duration and cardiac markers, with those of 17 healthy controls. The findings reveal marked reductions in complexes II and, specifically, IV, highlighting mitochondrial impairment in FA. Additionally, elevated Neurofilament Light Chain levels and cardiomarkers were observed in FA patients. This research enhances our understanding of FA pathophysiology and suggests potential biomarkers for monitoring disease progression. The study underscores the need for further clinical trials to validate these findings, emphasizing the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in FA assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Stovickova
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
- Centre of Hereditary Ataxias, Second Faculty of Medicine, An Official EFACTS Site, a Member of European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hanzalova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Musova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Centre of Hereditary Ataxias, Second Faculty of Medicine, An Official EFACTS Site, a Member of European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Valerij Semjonov
- Department of Paediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Haris Hadzic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Novotna
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Simcik
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Anastaziia Serbina
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Karamazovova
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Centre of Hereditary Ataxias, Second Faculty of Medicine, An Official EFACTS Site, a Member of European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Schwabova Paulasova
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Centre of Hereditary Ataxias, Second Faculty of Medicine, An Official EFACTS Site, a Member of European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Centre of Hereditary Ataxias, Second Faculty of Medicine, An Official EFACTS Site, a Member of European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krsek
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zumrova
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Centre of Hereditary Ataxias, Second Faculty of Medicine, An Official EFACTS Site, a Member of European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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4
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Bhalla K, Rosier K, Monnens Y, Meulemans S, Vervoort E, Thorrez L, Agostinis P, Meier DT, Rochtus A, Resnick JL, Creemers JWM. Similar metabolic pathways are affected in both Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome-22 and Prader-Willi Syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167175. [PMID: 38626828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Loss of prolyl endopeptidase-like (PREPL) encoding a serine hydrolase with (thio)esterase activity leads to the recessive metabolic disorder Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome-22 (CMS22). It is characterized by severe neonatal hypotonia, feeding problems, growth retardation, and hyperphagia leading to rapid weight gain later in childhood. The phenotypic similarities with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are striking, suggesting that similar pathways are affected. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in mouse models for both disorders and to examine mitochondrial function in skin fibroblasts of patients and knockout cell lines. We have demonstrated that Prepl is downregulated in the brains of neonatal PWS-IC-p/+m mice. In addition, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is similarly affected in both Prepl-/- and PWS-IC-p/+m mice resulting in defective orexigenic signaling and growth retardation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mitochondrial function is altered in PREPL knockout HEK293T cells and can be rescued with the supplementation of coenzyme Q10. Finally, PREPL-deficient and PWS patient skin fibroblasts display defective mitochondrial bioenergetics. The mitochondrial dysfunction in PWS fibroblasts can be rescued by overexpression of PREPL. In conclusion, we provide the first molecular parallels between CMS22 and PWS, raising the possibility that PREPL substrates might become therapeutic targets for treating both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Bhalla
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Rosier
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yenthe Monnens
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Meulemans
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Vervoort
- Laboratory for Cell Death Research & Therapy, VIB, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory for Cell Death Research & Therapy, VIB, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Rochtus
- Department of Development and Regeneration, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - James L Resnick
- Department of Molecular genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John W M Creemers
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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5
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Li T, Aziz T, Li G, Zhang L, Yao J, Jia S. A zebrafish tufm mutant model for the COXPD4 syndrome of aberrant mitochondrial function. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00122-X. [PMID: 38825039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor leading to a wide range of clinically heterogeneous and often severe disorders due to its central role in generating cellular energy. Mutations in the TUFM gene are known to cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 4 (COXPD4), a rare mitochondrial disorder characterized by a comprehensive quantitative deficiency in mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes. The development of a reliable animal model for COXPD4 is crucial for elucidating the roles and mechanisms of TUFM in disease pathogenesis and benefiting its medical management. In this study, we construct a zebrafish tufm-/- mutant that closely resembles the COXPD4 syndrome, exhibiting compromised mitochondrial protein translation, dysfunctional mitochondria with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects, and significant metabolic suppression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Leveraging this COXPD4 zebrafish model, we comprehensively validate the clinical relevance of TUFM mutations and identify probucol as a promising therapeutic approach for managing COXPD4. Our data offer valuable insights for understanding mitochondrial diseases and developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tursunjan Aziz
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jihua Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shunji Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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6
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Lin HP, Petersen JD, Gilsrud AJ, Madruga A, D’Silva TM, Huang X, Shammas MK, Randolph NP, Li Y, Jones DR, Pacold ME, Narendra DP. DELE1 promotes translation-associated homeostasis, growth, and survival in mitochondrial myopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582673. [PMID: 38529505 PMCID: PMC10962736 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction causes devastating disorders, including mitochondrial myopathy. Here, we identified that diverse mitochondrial myopathy models elicit a protective mitochondrial integrated stress response (mt-ISR), mediated by OMA1-DELE1 signaling. The response was similar following disruptions in mtDNA maintenance, from knockout of Tfam, and mitochondrial protein unfolding, from disease-causing mutations in CHCHD10 (G58R and S59L). The preponderance of the response was directed at upregulating pathways for aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, the intermediates for protein synthesis, and was similar in heart and skeletal muscle but more limited in brown adipose challenged with cold stress. Strikingly, models with early DELE1 mt-ISR activation failed to grow and survive to adulthood in the absence of Dele1, accounting for some but not all of OMA1's protection. Notably, the DELE1 mt-ISR did not slow net protein synthesis in stressed striated muscle, but instead prevented loss of translation-associated proteostasis in muscle fibers. Together our findings identify that the DELE1 mt-ISR mediates a stereotyped response to diverse forms of mitochondrial stress and is particularly critical for maintaining growth and survival in early-onset mitochondrial myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pin Lin
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer D. Petersen
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Gilsrud
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angelo Madruga
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Theresa M. D’Silva
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario K. Shammas
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Randolph
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Drew R. Jones
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Michael E. Pacold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Derek P. Narendra
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Gropman AL, Uittenbogaard MN, Chiaramello AE. Challenges and opportunities to bridge translational to clinical research for personalized mitochondrial medicine. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00311. [PMID: 38266483 PMCID: PMC10903101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2023.e00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a group of rare and heterogeneous genetic diseases characterized by dysfunctional mitochondria leading to deficient adenosine triphosphate synthesis and chronic energy deficit in patients. The majority of these patients exhibit a wide range of phenotypic manifestations targeting several organ systems, making their clinical diagnosis and management challenging. Bridging translational to clinical research is crucial for improving the early diagnosis and prognosis of these intractable mitochondrial disorders and for discovering novel therapeutic drug candidates and modalities. This review provides the current state of clinical testing in mitochondrial disorders, discusses the challenges and opportunities for converting basic discoveries into clinical settings, explores the most suited patient-centric approaches to harness the extraordinary heterogeneity among patients affected by the same primary mitochondrial disorder, and describes the current outlook of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Gropman
- Children's National Medical Center, Division of Neurogenetics and Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Martine N Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Anne E Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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8
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Olimpio C, Paramonov I, Matalonga L, Laurie S, Schon K, Polavarapu K, Kirschner J, Schara-Schmidt U, Lochmüller H, Chinnery PF, Horvath R. Increased Diagnostic Yield by Reanalysis of Whole Exome Sequencing Data in Mitochondrial Disease. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:767-775. [PMID: 38759022 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-240020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Background The genetic diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders is complicated by its genetic and phenotypic complexity. Next generation sequencing techniques have much improved the diagnostic yield for these conditions. A cohort of individuals with multiple respiratory chain deficiencies, reported in the literature 10 years ago, had a diagnostic rate of 60% by whole exome sequencing (WES) but 40% remained undiagnosed. Objective We aimed to identify a genetic diagnosis by reanalysis of the WES data for the undiagnosed arm of this 10-year-old cohort of patients with suspected mitochondrial disorders. Methods The WES data was transferred and processed by the RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform (GPAP) using their standardized pipeline. Variant prioritisation was carried out on the RD-Connect GPAP. Results Singleton WES data from 14 individuals was reanalysed. We identified a possible or likely genetic diagnosis in 8 patients (8/14, 57%). The variants identified were in a combination of mitochondrial DNA (n = 1, MT-TN), nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes (n = 2, PDHA1, and SUCLA2) and nuclear genes associated with nonmitochondrial disorders (n = 5, PNPLA2, CDC40, NBAS and SLC7A7). Variants in both the NBAS and CDC40 genes were established as disease causing after the original cohort was published. We increased the diagnostic yield for the original cohort by 15% without generating any further genomic data. Conclusions In the era of multiomics we highlight that reanalysis of existing WES data is a valid tool for generating additional diagnosis in patients with suspected mitochondrial disease, particularly when more time has passed to allow for new bioinformatic pipelines to emerge, for the development of new tools in variant interpretation aiding in reclassification of variants and the expansion of scientific knowledge on additional genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Olimpio
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ida Paramonov
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Steven Laurie
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine Schon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Averina OA, Kuznetsova SA, Permyakov OA, Sergiev PV. Animal Models of Mitochondrial Diseases Associated with Nuclear Gene Mutations. Acta Naturae 2023; 15:4-22. [PMID: 38234606 PMCID: PMC10790356 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.25442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) associated with nuclear gene mutations are part of a large group of inherited diseases caused by the suppression of energy metabolism. These diseases are of particular interest, because nuclear genes encode not only most of the structural proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), but also all the proteins involved in the OXPHOS protein import from the cytoplasm and their assembly in mitochondria. Defects in any of these proteins can lead to functional impairment of the respiratory chain, including dysfunction of complex I that plays a central role in cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, which is the most common cause of mitopathologies. Mitochondrial diseases are characterized by an early age of onset and a progressive course and affect primarily energy-consuming tissues and organs. The treatment of MDs should be initiated as soon as possible, but the diagnosis of mitopathologies is extremely difficult because of their heterogeneity and overlapping clinical features. The molecular pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases is investigated using animal models: i.e. animals carrying mutations causing MD symptoms in humans. The use of mutant animal models opens new opportunities in the study of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, as well as the molecular mechanisms of mitopathology development, which is necessary for improving diagnosis and developing approaches to drug therapy. In this review, we present the most recent information on mitochondrial diseases associated with nuclear gene mutations and animal models developed to investigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Averina
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - S. A. Kuznetsova
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - O. A. Permyakov
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - P. V. Sergiev
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
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10
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Werren EA, Srinivasan VM, Gowda VK, Pandey A, Vaish S, Kabbur AR, Nandeesh BN, Srivastava A. A novel biallelic frameshift variant in C2orf69 causing developmental regression, seizures, microcephaly, autistic features, and hypertonia. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2446-2450. [PMID: 37337918 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 53 (COXPD53) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) caused by homozygous variants in the gene C2orf69. Here, we report a novel frameshift variant c.187_191dupGCCGA, p.D64Efs*56 identified in an individual with clinical presentation of COXPD53 with developmental regression and autistic features. The variant c.187_191dupGCCGA, p.D64Efs*56 represents the most N-terminal part of C2orf69. Notable clinical features of COXPD53of the proband include developmental delay, developmental regression, seizures, microcephaly, and hypertonia. Structural brain defects of cerebral atrophy, cerebellar atrophy, hypomyelination, and thin corpus callosum were also observed. While we observe strong phenotypic overlap among affected individuals with C2orf69 variants, developmental regression and autistic features have not been previously described in individuals with COXPD53. Together, this case expands the genetic and clinical phenotypic spectrum of C2orf69-associated COXPD53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Werren
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Varunvenkat M Srinivasan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Akanksha Pandey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Vaish
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anusha Raj Kabbur
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Bevinahalli N Nandeesh
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anshika Srivastava
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Sadeesh EM, Singla N, Lahamge MS, Kumari S, Ampadi AN, Anuj M. Tissue heterogeneity of mitochondrial activity, biogenesis and mitochondrial protein gene expression in buffalo. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5255-5266. [PMID: 37140692 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular metabolism is most invariant process, occurring in all living organisms, which involves mitochondrial proteins from both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, protein-coding genes (mtPCGs) expression, and activity vary between various tissues to fulfill specific energy demands across the tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS In present study, we investigated the OXPHOS complexes and citrate synthase activity in isolated mitochondria from various tissues of freshly slaughtered buffaloes (n = 3). Further, the evaluation of tissue-specific diversity based on the quantification of mtDNA copy numbers was performed and also comprised an expression study of 13 mtPCGs. We found that the functional activity of individual OXPHOS complex I was significantly higher in the liver compared to muscle and brain. Additionally, OXPHOS complex III and V activities was observed significantly higher levels in liver compared to heart, ovary, and brain. Similarly, CS-specific activity differs between tissues, with the ovary, kidney, and liver having significantly greater. Furthermore, we revealed the mtDNA copy number was strictly tissue-specific, with muscle and brain tissues exhibiting the highest levels. Among 13 PCGs expression analyses, mRNA abundances in all genes were differentially expressed among the different tissue. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate the existence of a tissue-specific variation in mitochondrial activity, bioenergetics, and mtPCGs expression among various types of buffalo tissues. This study serves as a critical first stage in gathering vital comparable data about the physiological function of mitochondria in energy metabolism in distinct tissues, laying the groundwork for future mitochondrial based diagnosis and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Sadeesh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - Nancy Singla
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Madhuri S Lahamge
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - A N Ampadi
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - M Anuj
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Genetics of mitochondrial diseases: Current approaches for the molecular diagnosis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:141-165. [PMID: 36813310 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a genetically and phenotypically variable set of monogenic disorders. The main characteristic of mitochondrial diseases is a defective oxidative phosphorylation. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA encode the approximately 1500 mitochondrial proteins. Since identification of the first mitochondrial disease gene in 1988 a total of 425 genes have been associated with mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunctions can be caused both by pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial DNA or the nuclear DNA. Hence, besides maternal inheritance, mitochondrial diseases can follow all modes of Mendelian inheritance. The maternal inheritance and tissue specificity distinguish molecular diagnostics of mitochondrial disorders from other rare disorders. With the advances made in the next-generation sequencing technology, whole exome sequencing and even whole-genome sequencing are now the established methods of choice for molecular diagnostics of mitochondrial diseases. They reach a diagnostic rate of more than 50% in clinically suspected mitochondrial disease patients. Moreover, next-generation sequencing is delivering a constantly growing number of novel mitochondrial disease genes. This chapter reviews mitochondrial and nuclear causes of mitochondrial diseases, molecular diagnostic methodologies, and their current challenges and perspectives.
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13
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An G, Hong T, Park H, Lim W, Song G. Oxamyl exerts developmental toxic effects in zebrafish by disrupting the mitochondrial electron transport chain and modulating PI3K/Akt and p38 Mapk signaling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160458. [PMID: 36435248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxamyl, a carbamate insecticide, is mainly used to control nematodes in the agricultural field. Although oxamyl is a widely used insecticide that is associated with ecological concerns, limited studies have examined the toxic effects of oxamyl on the developmental stage and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, the developmental toxicity of oxamyl was demonstrated using zebrafish, which is a representative model as it is associated with rapid embryogenesis and a toxic response similar to that of other vertebrates. The morphological alteration of zebrafish larvae was analyzed to confirm the sub-lethal toxicity of oxamyl. Analysis of transgenic zebrafish (olig2:dsRED and flk1:eGFP line) and mRNA levels of genes associated with individual organ development revealed that oxamyl exerted toxic effects on the development of neuron, notochord, and vascular system. Next, the adverse effect of oxamyl on the mitochondrial electron transport chain was examined. Treatment with oxamyl altered the PI3K/Akt signaling and p38 Mapk signaling pathways in zebrafish. Thus, this study elucidated the mechanisms underlying the developmental toxicity of oxamyl and provided information on the parameters to assess the developmental toxicity of other environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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14
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He Z, Zhang M, Xu H, Zhou W, Xu C, Wang Z, He M, Wang X. Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo recipe regulates NR4A1 to improve renal mitochondrial function in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2308-2318. [PMID: 36428248 PMCID: PMC9704077 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2148168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo recipe (YHTR) is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic kidney disease, but its exact mechanism is not clear. OBJECTIVES To monitor the potential improvement of renal mitochondrial function in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats by regulating NR4A1 using the YHTR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, UUO (left ureteral ligation for 14 days), eplerenone (EPL) (UUO + EPL), and YHTR (UUO + YHTR). UUO rats were established and intragastrically administered EPL (100 mg/day/kg) or YHTR (11.7 g/day/kg) for 14 days. The expression of related proteins in kidneys was detected by immunohistochemistry, western blot, RT-PCR, and chemical colorimetric assay, respectively. RESULTS In vivo, YHTR treatment reduced the levels of BUN and Scr (by 17.9% and 23.5%) in UUO rats. Moreover, YHTR improved the renal mitochondrial function via increasing key enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (p < 0.05) and activity of the mitochondrial complex (I-V) (by 30.8%, 29.1%, 19.7%, 35.9%, and 22.4%) in UUO rats. Compared with the UUO group, the expression of NR4A1 and Bcl-2 were significantly increased (p < 0.05), the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the YHTR group. YHTR could upregulate key enzymes of the TCA cycle via promoting NR4A1 expression in HK2 cells, leading to inhibition of TGF-β1 induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS YHTR significantly improved the development of CKD; this study may provide new ideas for the pathogenesis of CKD and new strategies for the development of new drugs against CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjuan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hepeng Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Alkhaldi HA, Phan DH, Vik SB. Analysis of Human Clinical Mutations of Mitochondrial ND1 in a Bacterial Model System for Complex I. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1934. [PMID: 36431069 PMCID: PMC9696053 DOI: 10.3390/life12111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common causes of mitochondrial dysfunction and disease include mutations in subunits and assembly factors of Complex I. Numerous mutations in the mitochondrial gene ND1 have been identified in humans. Currently, a bacterial model system provides the only method for rapid construction and analysis of mutations in homologs of human ND1. In this report, we have identified nine mutations in human ND1 that are reported to be pathogenic and are located at subunit interfaces. Our hypothesis was that these mutations would disrupt Complex I assembly. Seventeen mutations were constructed in the homologous nuoH gene in an E. coli model system. In addition to the clinical mutations, alanine substitutions were constructed in order to distinguish between a deleterious effect from the introduction of the mutant residue and the loss of the original residue. The mutations were moved to an expression vector containing all thirteen genes of the E. coli nuo operon coding for Complex I. Membrane vesicles were prepared and rates of deamino-NADH oxidase activity and proton translocation were measured. Samples were also tested for assembly by native gel electrophoresis and for expression of NuoH by immunoblotting. A range of outcomes was observed: Mutations at four of the sites allow normal assembly with moderate activity (50−76% of wild type). Mutations at the other sites disrupt assembly and/or activity, and in some cases the outcomes depend upon the amino acid introduced. In general, the outcomes are consistent with the proposed pathogenicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven B. Vik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
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16
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Heidari MM, Khatami M, Kamalipour A, Kalantari M, Movahed M, Emmamy MH, Hadadzadeh M, Bragança J, Namnabat M, Mazrouei B. Mitochondrial mutations in protein coding genes of respiratory chain including complexes IV, V, and mt-tRNA genes are associated risk factors for congenital heart disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:1306-1330. [PMID: 36483916 PMCID: PMC9727243 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Most studies aiming at unraveling the molecular events associated with cardiac congenital heart disease (CHD) have focused on the effect of mutations occurring in the nuclear genome. In recent years, a significant role has been attributed to mitochondria for correct heart development and maturation of cardiomyocytes. Moreover, numerous heart defects have been associated with nucleotide variations occurring in the mitochondrial genome, affecting mitochondrial functions and cardiac energy metabolism, including genes encoding for subunits of respiratory chain complexes. Therefore, mutations in the mitochondrial genome may be a major cause of heart disease, including CHD, and their identification and characterization can shed light on pathological mechanisms occurring during heart development. Here, we have analyzed mitochondrial genetic variants in previously reported mutational genome hotspots and the flanking regions of mt-ND1, mt-ND2, mt-COXI, mt-COXII, mt-ATPase8, mt-ATPase6, mt-COXIII, and mt-tRNAs (Ile, Gln, Met, Trp, Ala, Asn, Cys, Tyr, Ser, Asp, and Lys) encoding genes by polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in 200 patients with CHD, undergoing cardiac surgery. A total of 23 mitochondrial variations (5 missense mutations, 8 synonymous variations, and 10 nucleotide changes in tRNA encoding genes) were identified and included 16 novel variants. Additionally, we showed that intracellular ATP was significantly reduced (P=0.002) in CHD patients compared with healthy controls, suggesting that the mutations have an impact on mitochondrial energy production. Functional and structural alterations caused by the mitochondrial nucleotide variations in the gene products were studied in-silico and predicted to convey a predisposing risk factor for CHD. Further studies are necessary to better understand the mechanisms by which the alterations identified in the present study contribute to the development of CHD in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Heidari
- Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mohammad Mehdi Heidari, Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran; Tel.: +98 353 1232650, Fax: +98 353 8210644, E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mehdi Hadadzadeh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - José Bragança
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondria, the cell powerhouse, are membrane-bound organelles present in the cytoplasm of almost all the eukaryotic cells. Their main function is to generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, mitochondria store calcium for the cell signaling activities, generate heat, harbor pathways of intermediate metabolism and mediate cell growth and death. Primary mitochondrial diseases (MDs) form a clinically as well as genetically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that result from the mitochondrial energetic metabolism malfunctions. The lifetime risk of the MDs development is estimated at 1:1470 of newborns, which makes them one of the most recurrent groups of inherited disorders with an important burden for society.
MDs are progressive with wide range of symptoms of variable severity that can emerge congenitally or anytime during the life. MD can be caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA genes. Mutations inducing impairment of mitochondrial function have been found in more than 400 genes. Furthermore, more than 1200 nuclear genes, which could play a role in the MDs’ genetic etiology, are involved in the mitochondrial activities. However, the knowledge regarding the mechanism of the mitochondrial pathogenicity appears to be most essential for the development of effective patient’s treatment suffering from the mitochondrial disease. This is an overview update focused on the mitochondrial biology and the mitochondrial diseases associated genes.
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18
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Mitochondrial health quality control: measurements and interpretation in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2022; 13:177-193. [PMID: 35578648 PMCID: PMC9096339 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the “gatekeeper” in a wide range of cellular functions, signaling events, cell homeostasis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Consequently, mitochondrial injury is linked to systemic effects compromising multi-organ functionality. Although mitochondrial stress is common for many pathomechanisms, individual outcomes differ significantly comprising a spectrum of associated pathologies and their severity grade. Consequently, a highly ambitious task in the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) is to distinguish between individual disease predisposition and progression under circumstances, resulting in compromised mitochondrial health followed by mitigating measures tailored to the individualized patient profile. For the successful implementation of PPPM concepts, robust parameters are essential to quantify mitochondrial health sustainability. The current article analyses added value of Mitochondrial Health Index (MHI) and Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) as potential systems to quantify mitochondrial health relevant for the disease development and its severity grade. Based on the pathomechanisms related to the compromised mitochondrial health and in the context of primary, secondary, and tertiary care, a broad spectrum of conditions can significantly benefit from robust quantification systems using MHI/BHI as a prototype to be further improved. Following health conditions can benefit from that: planned pregnancies (improved outcomes for mother and offspring health), suboptimal health conditions with reversible health damage, suboptimal life-style patterns and metabolic syndrome(s) predisposition, multi-factorial stress conditions, genotoxic environment, ischemic stroke of unclear aetiology, phenotypic predisposition to aggressive cancer subtypes, pathologies associated with premature aging and neuro/degeneration, acute infectious diseases such as COVID-19 pandemics, among others.
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Mallik B, Frank CA. Roles for Mitochondrial Complex I Subunits in Regulating Synaptic Transmission and Growth. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:846425. [PMID: 35557603 PMCID: PMC9087048 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.846425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify conserved components of synapse function that are also associated with human diseases, we conducted a genetic screen. We used the Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as a model. We employed RNA interference (RNAi) on selected targets and assayed synapse function and plasticity by electrophysiology. We focused our screen on genetic factors known to be conserved from human neurological or muscle functions (300 Drosophila lines screened). From our screen, knockdown of a Mitochondrial Complex I (MCI) subunit gene (ND-20L) lowered levels of NMJ neurotransmission. Due to the severity of the phenotype, we studied MCI function further. Knockdown of core MCI subunits concurrently in neurons and muscle led to impaired neurotransmission. We localized this neurotransmission function to the muscle. Pharmacology targeting MCI phenocopied the impaired neurotransmission phenotype. Finally, MCI subunit knockdowns or pharmacological inhibition led to profound cytological defects, including reduced NMJ growth and altered NMJ morphology. Mitochondria are essential for cellular bioenergetics and produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Five multi-protein complexes achieve this task, and MCI is the largest. Impaired Mitochondrial Complex I subunits in humans are associated with disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Leigh syndrome, and cardiomyopathy. Together, our data present an analysis of Complex I in the context of synapse function and plasticity. We speculate that in the context of human MCI dysfunction, similar neuronal and synaptic defects could contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagaban Mallik
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - C. Andrew Frank
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Carver College of Medicine and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: C. Andrew Frank,
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20
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Zhang F, Dang QCL, Vik SB. Human clinical mutations in mitochondrially encoded subunits of Complex I can be successfully modeled in E. coli. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:59-72. [PMID: 35306226 PMCID: PMC9035099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory Complex I is the site of a large fraction of the mutations that appear to cause mitochondrial disease. Seven of its subunits are mitochondrially encoded, and therefore, such mutants are particularly difficult to construct in cell-culture model systems. We have selected 13 human clinical mutations found in ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L, ND5 and ND6 that are generally found at subunit interfaces, and not in critical residues. These mutations have been modeled in E. coli subunits of Complex I, nuoN, nuoA, nuoM, nuoK, nuoL, and nuoJ, respectively. All mutants were expressed from a plasmid encoding the entire nuo operon, and membrane vesicles were analyzed for deamino-NADH oxidase activity, and proton translocation activity. ND5 mutants were also analyzed using a time-delayed expression system, recently described by this lab. Other mutants were analyzed for the ability to associate in subcomplexes, after expression of subsets of the genes. For most mutants there was a positive correlation between those that were previously determined to be pathogenic, or likely to be pathogenic, and those that we found with compromised Complex I activity or subunit interactions in E. coli. In conclusion, this approach provides another way to explore the deleterious effects of human mitochondrial mutations, and it can contribute to molecular understanding of such mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, USA
| | - Quynh-Chi L Dang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, USA
| | - Steven B Vik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0376, USA.
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Clinical and genetic analysis of combined oxidative phosphorylation defificiency-10 caused by MTO1 mutation. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 526:74-80. [PMID: 34990597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial translation optimization factor 1(MTO1) gene mutations had been reported to be linked to combined oxidative phosphorylation defificiency-10 (COXPD10). In this study, we presented the detailed clinical features and genetic analysis of the patient with two variants in MTO1, and reviewed 42 different cases available in publications. Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were employed to detect the genetic variants of a 6-month-old boy with metabolic disorder and multiple organ failure; Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the origin of variants; and clinical data of the patients was retrospectively collected and analyzed. Variant classification was followed to ACMG guidline. The proband was diagnosed with multiple organ failure, severe pneumonia, sepsis, hyperlactatemia, metabolic acidosis, and moderate anemia. Compound heterozygous mutations in the coding region of MTO1 gene (c.1291C>T/p.Arg431Trp and c.1390C>T/p.Arg464Cys) were identified, and the results of family verification experiment showed that the mutations were inherited from the parents, respectively. Combined with clinical symptoms, the patient was diagnosed as COXPD10. In summary, hallmark features of MTO1 mutations were lactic acidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Of note, patients with the same genetic mutation may not have the same clinical presentation. Additional MTO1 defificiency cases will help to make genotype-phenotype correlations clearer.
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22
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Kumar K, Venturas M, Needleman DJ, Racowsky C, Wells D. Extensive analysis of mitochondrial DNA quantity and sequence variation in human cumulus cells and assisted reproduction outcomes. Hum Reprod 2021; 37:66-79. [PMID: 34755183 PMCID: PMC8730313 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) variants in human cumulus cells (CCs) associated with oocyte reproductive potential and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes? SUMMARY ANSWER Neither the CC mtDNA quantity nor the presence of specific mtDNA genetic variants was associated with ART outcomes, although associations with patient body mass index (BMI) were detected, and the total number of oocytes retrieved differed between major mitochondrial haplogroups. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY CCs fulfil a vital role in the support of oocyte developmental competence. As with other cell types, appropriate cellular function is likely to rely upon adequate energy production, which in turn depends on the quantity and genetic competence of the mitochondria. mtDNA mutations can be inherited or they can accumulate in somatic cells over time, potentially contributing to aging. Such mutations may be homoplasmic (affecting all mtDNA in a cell) or they may display varying levels of heteroplasmy (affecting a proportion of the mtDNA). Currently, little is known concerning variation in CC mitochondrial genetics and how this might influence the reproductive potential of the associated oocyte. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a prospective observational study involving human CCs collected with 541 oocytes from 177 IVF patients. mtDNA quantity was measured in all the samples with a validated quantitative PCR method and the entire mtGenome was sequenced in a subset of 138 samples using a high-depth massively parallel sequencing approach. Associations between relative mtDNA quantity and mtGenome variants in CCs and patient age, BMI (kg/m2), infertility diagnosis and ART outcomes were investigated. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Massively parallel sequencing permitted not only the accurate detection of mutations but also the precise quantification of levels of mutations in cases of heteroplasmy. Sequence variants in the mtDNA were evaluated using Mitomaster and HmtVar to predict their potential impact. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The relative mtDNA CC content was significantly associated with BMI. No significant associations were observed between CC mtDNA quantity and patient age, female infertility diagnosis or any ART outcome variable. mtGenome sequencing revealed 4181 genetic variants with respect to a reference genome. The COXI locus contained the least number of coding sequence variants, whereas ATPase8 had the most. The number of variants predicted to affect the ATP production differed significantly between mitochondrial macrohaplogroups. The total number of retrieved oocytes was different between the H-V and J-T as well as the U-K and J-T macrohaplogroups. There was a non-significant increase in mtDNA levels in CCs with heteroplasmic mitochondrial mutations. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although a large number of samples were analysed in this study, it was not possible to analyse all the CCs from every patient. Also, the results obtained with respect to specific clinical outcomes and macrohaplogroups should be interpreted with caution due to the smaller sample sizes when subdividing the dataset. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings suggest that the analysis of mtDNA in CCs is unlikely to provide an advantage in terms of improved embryo selection during assisted reproduction cycles. Nonetheless, our data raise interesting biological questions, particularly regarding the interplay of metabolism and BMI and the association of mtDNA haplogroup with oocyte yield in ovarian stimulation cycles. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by National Institutes of Health grant 5R01HD092550-02. D.J.N. and C.R. co-hold patent US20150346100A1 and D.J.N. holds US20170039415A1, both for metabolic imaging methods. D.W. receives support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishlay Kumar
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Venturas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Needleman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Racowsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hospital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Dagan Wells
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Juno Genetics Ltd, Oxford, UK
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23
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Lenzini L, Carecchio M, Iori E, Legati A, Lamantea E, Avogaro A, Vitturi N. A novel MRPS34 gene mutation with combined OXPHOS deficiency in an adult patient with Leigh syndrome. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 30:100830. [PMID: 34938649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel pathogenic variant (c.223G > C; p.Gly75Arg) in the gene encoding the small mitoribosomal subunit protein mS34 in a long-surviving patient with Leigh Syndrome who was genetically diagnosed at age 34 years. The patient presented with delayed motor milestones and a stepwise motor deterioration during life, along with brain MRI alterations involving the subcortical white matter, deep grey nuclei and in particular the internal globi pallidi, that appeared calcified on CT scan. The novel variant is associated with a reduction of mS34 protein levels and of the OXPHOS complex I and IV subunits in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the case. This study expands the number of variants that, by affecting the stability of the mitoribosome, may cause an OXPHOS deficiency in Leigh Syndrome and reports, for the first time, an unusual long survival in a patient with a homozygous MRPS34 pathogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lenzini
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - M Carecchio
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Iori
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - A Legati
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - E Lamantea
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A Avogaro
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - N Vitturi
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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24
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Rosier K, McDevitt MT, Smet J, Floyd BJ, Verschoore M, Marcaida MJ, Bingman CA, Lemmens I, Dal Peraro M, Tavernier J, Cravatt BF, Gounko NV, Vints K, Monnens Y, Bhalla K, Aerts L, Rashan EH, Vanlander AV, Van Coster R, Régal L, Pagliarini DJ, Creemers JW. Prolyl endopeptidase-like is a (thio)esterase involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain function. iScience 2021; 24:103460. [PMID: 34888501 PMCID: PMC8634043 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the serine hydrolase prolyl endopeptidase-like (PREPL) causes a recessive metabolic disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and growth hormone deficiency. The pathophysiology of PREPL deficiency and the physiological substrates of PREPL remain largely unknown. In this study, we connect PREPL with mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative phosphorylation by analyzing its protein interactors. We demonstrate that the long PREPLL isoform localizes to mitochondria, whereas PREPLS remains cytosolic. Prepl KO mice showed reduced mitochondrial complex activities and disrupted mitochondrial gene expression. Furthermore, mitochondrial ultrastructure was abnormal in a PREPL-deficient patient and Prepl KO mice. In addition, we reveal that PREPL has (thio)esterase activity and inhibition of PREPL by Palmostatin M suggests a depalmitoylating function. We subsequently determined the crystal structure of PREPL, thereby providing insight into the mechanism of action. Taken together, PREPL is a (thio)esterase rather than a peptidase and PREPLL is involved in mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rosier
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Molly T. McDevitt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joél Smet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brendan J. Floyd
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Maxime Verschoore
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria J. Marcaida
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Craig A. Bingman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Irma Lemmens
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- The Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Natalia V. Gounko
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Electron Microscopy Platform & VIB-Bioimaging Core, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katlijn Vints
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Electron Microscopy Platform & VIB-Bioimaging Core, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yenthe Monnens
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kritika Bhalla
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Aerts
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edrees H. Rashan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Arnaud V. Vanlander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudy Van Coster
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Régal
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David J. Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John W.M. Creemers
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Vidali S, Gerlini R, Thompson K, Urquhart JE, Meisterknecht J, Aguilar‐Pimentel JA, Amarie OV, Becker L, Breen C, Calzada‐Wack J, Chhabra NF, Cho Y, da Silva‐Buttkus P, Feichtinger RG, Gampe K, Garrett L, Hoefig KP, Hölter SM, Jameson E, Klein‐Rodewald T, Leuchtenberger S, Marschall S, Mayer‐Kuckuk P, Miller G, Oestereicher MA, Pfannes K, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Sanders C, Spielmann N, Stoeger C, Szibor M, Treise I, Walter JH, Wurst W, Mayr JA, Fuchs H, Gärtner U, Wittig I, Taylor RW, Newman WG, Prokisch H, Gailus‐Durner V, Hrabě de Angelis M. Characterising a homozygous two-exon deletion in UQCRH: comparing human and mouse phenotypes. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14397. [PMID: 34750991 PMCID: PMC8649870 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are clinically and genetically diverse, with isolated complex III (CIII) deficiency being relatively rare. Here, we describe two affected cousins, presenting with recurrent episodes of severe lactic acidosis, hyperammonaemia, hypoglycaemia and encephalopathy. Genetic investigations in both cases identified a homozygous deletion of exons 2 and 3 of UQCRH, which encodes a structural complex III (CIII) subunit. We generated a mouse model with the equivalent homozygous Uqcrh deletion (Uqcrh-/- ), which also presented with lactic acidosis and hyperammonaemia, but had a more severe, non-episodic phenotype, resulting in failure to thrive and early death. The biochemical phenotypes observed in patient and Uqcrh-/- mouse tissues were remarkably similar, displaying impaired CIII activity, decreased molecular weight of fully assembled holoenzyme and an increase of an unexpected large supercomplex (SXL ), comprising mostly of one complex I (CI) dimer and one CIII dimer. This phenotypic similarity along with lentiviral rescue experiments in patient fibroblasts verifies the pathogenicity of the shared genetic defect, demonstrating that the Uqcrh-/- mouse is a valuable model for future studies of human CIII deficiency.
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26
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Gayathri N, Deepha S, Sharma S. Diagnosis of primary mitochondrial disorders -Emphasis on myopathological aspects. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:69-84. [PMID: 34592422 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are one of the most common neurometabolic disorders affecting all age groups. The phenotype-genotype heterogeneity in these disorders can be attributed to the dual genetic control on mitochondrial functions, posing a challenge for diagnosis. Though the advancement in the high-throughput sequencing and other omics platforms resulted in a "genetics-first" approach, the muscle biopsy remains the benchmark in most of the mitochondrial disorders. This review focuses on the myopathological aspects of primary mitochondrial disorders. The utility of muscle biopsy is not limited to analyse the structural abnormalities; rather it also proves to be a potential tool to understand the deranged sub-cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India.
| | - Sekar Deepha
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
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27
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Disease Modeling of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy Using Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100981. [PMID: 34681080 PMCID: PMC8533352 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy (MCM) is characterized as an oxidative phosphorylation disorder of the heart. More than 100 genetic variants in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA have been associated with MCM. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking genetic variants to MCM are not fully understood due to the lack of appropriate cellular and animal models. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) provide an attractive experimental platform for modeling cardiovascular diseases and predicting drug efficacy to such diseases. Here we introduce the pathological and therapeutic studies of MCM using iPSC-CMs and discuss the questions and latest strategies for research using iPSC-CMs.
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28
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Abdou DM, Mohamed A, Abdulhay M, El Khateeb S. Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency among Egyptian Pediatric Patients with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. Int J Nephrol 2021; 2021:6645373. [PMID: 34113466 PMCID: PMC8154280 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6645373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RESULTS Positive consanguinity was a remarkable finding in 44 patients among the SRNS group (73%), compared with 33 patients among the SSNS group (55%). Complex I activity was significantly lower in the SRNS group (0.2657 ± 0.1831 nmol/ml/min), than in the SSNS group (0.4773 ± 0.1290 nmol/ml/min) (p < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between complex I activity and the heaviness of proteinuria among the SRNS group (r 0.344, p < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in serum C3 and C4 levels between both groups (p < 0.001, 0.053, respectively). CONCLUSION Mitochondrial complex I deficiency in patients who have a nephrotic syndrome complaint may play a role in their responsiveness to steroid therapy and the development of SRNS and even the prognosis of their illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M. Abdou
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - AbdelAal Mohamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdulhay
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Sara El Khateeb
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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29
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Torraco A, Nasca A, Verrigni D, Pennisi A, Zaki MS, Olivieri G, Assouline Z, Martinelli D, Maroofian R, Rizza T, Di Nottia M, Invernizzi F, Lamantea E, Longo D, Houlden H, Prokisch H, Rötig A, Dionisi-Vici C, Bertini E, Ghezzi D, Carrozzo R, Diodato D. Novel NDUFA12 variants are associated with isolated complex I defect and variable clinical manifestation. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:699-710. [PMID: 33715266 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Isolated biochemical deficiency of mitochondrial complex I is the most frequent signature among mitochondrial diseases and is associated with a wide variety of clinical symptoms. Leigh syndrome represents the most frequent neuroradiological finding in patients with complex I defect and more than 80 monogenic causes have been involved in the disease. In this report, we describe seven patients from four unrelated families harboring novel NDUFA12 variants, with six of them presenting with Leigh syndrome. Molecular genetic characterization was performed using next-generation sequencing combined with the Sanger method. Biochemical and protein studies were achieved by enzymatic activities, blue native gel electrophoresis, and western blot analysis. All patients displayed novel homozygous mutations in the NDUFA12 gene, leading to the virtual absence of the corresponding protein. Surprisingly, despite the fact that in none of the analyzed patients, NDUFA12 protein was detected, they present a different onset and clinical course of the disease. Our report expands the array of genetic alterations in NDUFA12 and underlines phenotype variability associated with NDUFA12 defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Torraco
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Nasca
- Diagnostic and Technology Department, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Verrigni
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pennisi
- UNITE INSERM U1163 Imagine Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Giorgia Olivieri
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Zahra Assouline
- UNITE INSERM U1163 Imagine Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Teresa Rizza
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Di Nottia
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Invernizzi
- Diagnostic and Technology Department, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Diagnostic and Technology Department, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Longo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Unit of Neuroradiology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnès Rötig
- UNITE INSERM U1163 Imagine Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Diagnostic and Technology Department, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daria Diodato
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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30
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Naess K, Bruhn H, Stranneheim H, Freyer C, Wibom R, Mourier A, Engvall M, Nennesmo I, Lesko N, Wredenberg A, Wedell A, von Döbeln U. Clinical Presentation, Genetic Etiology, and Coenzyme Q10 Levels in 55 Children with Combined Enzyme Deficiencies of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain. J Pediatr 2021; 228:240-251.e2. [PMID: 32827528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical symptoms and biochemical findings and establish the genetic etiology in a cohort of pediatric patients with combined deficiencies of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. STUDY DESIGN Clinical and biochemical data were collected from 55 children. All patients were subjected to sequence analysis of the entire mitochondrial genome, except when the causative mutations had been identified based on the clinical picture. Whole exome sequencing/whole genome sequencing (WES/WGS) was performed in 32 patients. RESULTS Onset of disease was generally early in life (median age, 6 weeks). The most common symptoms were muscle weakness, hypotonia, and developmental delay/intellectual disability. Nonneurologic symptoms were frequent. Disease causing mutations were found in 20 different nuclear genes, and 7 patients had mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Causative variants were found in 18 of the 32 patients subjected to WES/WGS. Interestingly, many patients had low levels of coenzyme Q10 in muscle, irrespective of genetic cause. CONCLUSIONS Children with combined enzyme defects display a diversity of clinical symptoms with varying age of presentation. We established the genetic diagnosis in 35 of the 55 patients (64%). The high diagnostic yield was achieved by the introduction of massive parallel sequencing, which also revealed novel genes and enabled elucidation of new disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Naess
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Helene Bruhn
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stranneheim
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Freyer
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Wibom
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- CNRS UMR 5095, Bordeaux Cedex, France; University of Bordeaux, EPST, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Martin Engvall
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Nennesmo
- Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Lesko
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wedell
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika von Döbeln
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Koňaříková E, Marković A, Korandová Z, Houštěk J, Mráček T. Current progress in the therapeutic options for mitochondrial disorders. Physiol Res 2020; 69:967-994. [PMID: 33129249 PMCID: PMC8549882 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders manifest enormous genetic and clinical heterogeneity - they can appear at any age, present with various phenotypes affecting any organ, and display any mode of inheritance. What mitochondrial diseases do have in common, is impairment of respiratory chain activity, which is responsible for more than 90% of energy production within cells. While diagnostics of mitochondrial disorders has been accelerated by introducing Next-Generation Sequencing techniques in recent years, the treatment options are still very limited. For many patients only a supportive or symptomatic therapy is available at the moment. However, decades of basic and preclinical research have uncovered potential target points and numerous compounds or interventions are now subjects of clinical trials. In this review, we focus on current and emerging therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of mitochondrial disorders. We focus on small compounds, metabolic interference, such as endurance training or ketogenic diet and also on genomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koňaříková
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology Czech Acad. Sci., Prague, Czech Republic. ,
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32
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Schijvens AM, van de Kar NC, Bootsma-Robroeks CM, Cornelissen EA, van den Heuvel LP, Schreuder MF. Mitochondrial Disease and the Kidney With a Special Focus on CoQ 10 Deficiency. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:2146-2159. [PMID: 33305107 PMCID: PMC7710892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytopathies include a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, leading to multi-organ involvement and progressive clinical deterioration. Most mitochondrial cytopathies that cause kidney symptoms are characterized by tubular defects, but glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and cystic diseases have also been described. Mitochondrial cytopathies can result from mitochondrial or nuclear DNA mutations. Early recognition of defects in the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis is important, as patients with primary CoQ10 deficiency may be responsive to treatment with oral CoQ10 supplementation, in contrast to most mitochondrial diseases. A literature search was conducted to investigate kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies and to identify mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations involved in mitochondrial kidney disease. Furthermore, we identified all reported cases to date with a CoQ10 deficiency with glomerular involvement, including 3 patients with variable renal phenotypes in our clinic. To date, 144 patients from 95 families with a primary CoQ10 deficiency and glomerular involvement have been described based on mutations in PDSS1, PDSS2, COQ2, COQ6, and COQ8B/ADCK4. This review provides an overview of kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies with a special focus on CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Schijvens
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M. Bootsma-Robroeks
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A. Cornelissen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Development and Regeneration,University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel F. Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Dang QCL, Phan DH, Johnson AN, Pasapuleti M, Alkhaldi HA, Zhang F, Vik SB. Analysis of Human Mutations in the Supernumerary Subunits of Complex I. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110296. [PMID: 33233646 PMCID: PMC7699753 DOI: 10.3390/life10110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex I is the largest member of the electron transport chain in human mitochondria. It comprises 45 subunits and requires at least 15 assembly factors. The subunits can be divided into 14 "core" subunits that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions and proton translocation, as well as 31 additional supernumerary (or accessory) subunits whose functions are less well known. Diminished levels of complex I activity are seen in many mitochondrial disease states. This review seeks to tabulate mutations in the supernumerary subunits of humans that appear to cause disease. Mutations in 20 of the supernumerary subunits have been identified. The mutations were analyzed in light of the tertiary and quaternary structure of human complex I (PDB id = 5xtd). Mutations were found that might disrupt the folding of that subunit or that would weaken binding to another subunit. In some cases, it appeared that no protein was made or, at least, could not be detected. A very common outcome is the lack of assembly of complex I when supernumerary subunits are mutated or missing. We suggest that poor assembly is the result of disrupting the large network of subunit interactions that the supernumerary subunits typically engage in.
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Xu Y, Xue D, Bankhead A, Neamati N. Why All the Fuss about Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS)? J Med Chem 2020; 63:14276-14307. [PMID: 33103432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Certain subtypes of cancer cells require oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to survive. Increased OXPHOS dependency is frequently a hallmark of cancer stem cells and cells resistant to chemotherapy and targeted therapies. Suppressing the OXPHOS function might also influence the tumor microenvironment by alleviating hypoxia and improving the antitumor immune response. Thus, targeting OXPHOS is a promising strategy to treat various cancers. A growing arsenal of therapeutic agents is under development to inhibit this biological process. This Perspective provides an overview of the structure and function of OXPHOS complexes, their biological functions in cancer, relevant research tools and models, as well as the limitations of OXPHOS as drug targets. We also focus on the current development status of OXPHOS inhibitors and potential therapeutic strategies to strengthen their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ding Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Saneto RP. Mitochondrial diseases: expanding the diagnosis in the era of genetic testing. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2020; 4:384-428. [PMID: 33426505 PMCID: PMC7791531 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. These diseases were initially described a little over three decades ago. Limited diagnostic tools created disease descriptions based on clinical, biochemical analytes, neuroimaging, and muscle biopsy findings. This diagnostic mechanism continued to evolve detection of inherited oxidative phosphorylation disorders and expanded discovery of mitochondrial physiology over the next two decades. Limited genetic testing hampered the definitive diagnostic identification and breadth of diseases. Over the last decade, the development and incorporation of massive parallel sequencing has identified approximately 300 genes involved in mitochondrial disease. Gene testing has enlarged our understanding of how genetic defects lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. These findings have expanded the understanding of how mechanisms of mitochondrial physiology can induce dysfunction and disease, but the complete collection of disease-causing gene variants remains incomplete. This article reviews the developments in disease gene discovery and the incorporation of gene findings with mitochondrial physiology. This understanding is critical to the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P. Saneto
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Neurology/Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complexes by Nuclear Steroid Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186683. [PMID: 32932692 PMCID: PMC7555717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes play important roles in energy production via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to drive various biochemical processes in eukaryotic cells. These processes require coordination with other cell organelles, especially the nucleus. Factors encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are involved in the formation of active respiratory chain complexes and 'supercomplexes', the higher-order structures comprising several respiratory chain complexes. Various nuclear hormone receptors are involved in the regulation of OXPHOS-related genes. In this article, we review the roles of nuclear steroid receptors (NR3 class nuclear receptors), including estrogen receptors (ERs), estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), progesterone receptors (PRs), and androgen receptors (ARs), in the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and supercomplex formation.
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Systemic Delivery of AAV-Fdxr Mitigates the Phenotypes of Mitochondrial Disorders in Fdxr Mutant Mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 18:84-97. [PMID: 32995353 PMCID: PMC7488755 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy now provides a novel approach for treating inherited monogenetic disorders, including nuclear gene mutations associated with mitochondrial diseases. In this study, we have utilized a mouse model carrying a p.Arg389Gln mutation of the mitochondrial Ferredoxin Reductase gene (Fdxr) and treated them with neurotropic AAV-PHP.B vector loaded with the mouse Fdxr cDNA sequence. We then used immunofluorescence staining and western blot to test the transduction efficiency of this vector. Toluidine blue staining and electronic microscopy were also utilized to assess the morphology of optic and sciatic nerves, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was determined as well. The AAV vector effectively transduced in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, and AAV-Fdxr treatment reversed almost all the symptoms of the mutants (FdxrR389Q/R389Q). This therapy also improved the electronic conductivity of the sciatic nerves, prevented optic atrophy, improved mobility, and restored mitochondrial complex function. Most notably, the sensory neuropathy, neurodegeneration, and chronic neuroinflammation in the brain were alleviated. Overall, we present the first demonstration of a potential definitive treatment that significantly improves optic and sciatic nerve atrophy, sensory neuropathy, and mitochondrial dysfunction in FDXR-related mitochondriopathy. Our study provides substantial support for the translation of AAV-based Fdxr gene therapy into clinical applications.
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Tan J, Wagner M, Stenton SL, Strom TM, Wortmann SB, Prokisch H, Meitinger T, Oexle K, Klopstock T. Lifetime risk of autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorders calculated from genetic databases. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102730. [PMID: 32305867 PMCID: PMC7163308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial disorders are a group of rare diseases, caused by nuclear or mitochondrial DNA mutations. Their marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity as well as referral and ascertainment biases render phenotype-based prevalence estimations difficult. Here we calculated the lifetime risk of all known autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorders on basis of genetic data. Methods We queried the publicly available Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) and our in-house exome database to assess the allele frequency of disease-causing variants in genes associated with autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorders. Based on this, we estimated the lifetime risk of 249 autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorders. Three of these disorders and phenylketonuria (PKU) served as a proof of concept since calculations could be aligned with known birth prevalence data from newborn screening reports. Findings The estimated lifetime risks are very close to newborn screening data (where available), supporting the validity of the approach. For example, calculated lifetime risk of PKU (16·0/100,000) correlates well with known birth prevalence data (18·7/100,000). The combined estimated lifetime risk of 249 investigated mitochondrial disorders is 31·8 (20·9–50·6)/100,000 in our in-house database, 48·4 (40·3–58·5)/100,000 in the European gnomAD dataset, and 31·1 (26·7–36·3)/100,000 in the global gnomAD dataset. The disorders with the highest lifetime risk (> 3 per 100,000) were, in all datasets, those caused by mutations in the SPG7, ACADM, POLG and SLC22A5 genes. Interpretation We provide a population-genetic estimation on the lifetime risk of an entire class of monogenic disorders. Our findings reveal the substantial cumulative prevalence of autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorders, far above previous estimates. These data will be very important for assigning diagnostic a priori probabilities, and for resource allocation in therapy development, public health management and biomedical research. Funding German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tan
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah L Stenton
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Neurogenetic Systems Analysis Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Mukherjee S, Ghosh A. Molecular mechanism of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly and its relation to mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:1-20. [PMID: 32304865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) is comprised of ~92 nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein subunits that are organized into five different multi-subunit respiratory complexes. These complexes produce 90% of the ATP required for cell sustenance. Specific sets of subunits are assembled in a modular or non-modular fashion to construct the MRC complexes. The complete assembly process is gradually chaperoned by a myriad of assembly factors that must coordinate with several other prosthetic groups to reach maturity, makingthe entire processextensively complicated. Further, the individual respiratory complexes can be integrated intovarious giant super-complexes whose functional roles have yet to be explored. Mutations in the MRC subunits and in the related assembly factors often give rise to defects in the proper assembly of the respiratory chain, which then manifests as a group of disorders called mitochondrial diseases, the most common inborn errors of metabolism. This review summarizes the current understanding of the biogenesis of individual MRC complexes and super-complexes, and explores how mutations in the different subunits and assembly factors contribute to mitochondrial disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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40
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Oliveira MT, Pontes CDB, Ciesielski GL. Roles of the mitochondrial replisome in mitochondrial DNA deletion formation. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190069. [PMID: 32141473 PMCID: PMC7197994 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions are a common cause of human mitochondrial
diseases. Mutations in the genes encoding components of the mitochondrial
replisome, such as DNA polymerase gamma (Pol γ) and the mtDNA helicase Twinkle,
have been associated with the accumulation of such deletions and the development
of pathological conditions in humans. Recently, we demonstrated that changes in
the level of wild-type Twinkle promote mtDNA deletions, which implies that not
only mutations in, but also dysregulation of the stoichiometry between the
replisome components is potentially pathogenic. The mechanism(s) by which
alterations to the replisome function generate mtDNA deletions is(are) currently
under debate. It is commonly accepted that stalling of the replication fork at
sites likely to form secondary structures precedes the deletion formation. The
secondary structural elements can be bypassed by the replication-slippage
mechanism. Otherwise, stalling of the replication fork can generate single- and
double-strand breaks, which can be repaired through recombination leading to the
elimination of segments between the recombination sites. Here, we discuss
aberrances of the replisome in the context of the two debated outcomes, and
suggest new mechanistic explanations based on replication restart and template
switching that could account for all the deletion types reported for
patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos T Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Tecnologia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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41
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Rhooms SK, Murari A, Goparaju NSV, Vilanueva M, Owusu-Ansah E. Insights from Drosophila on mitochondrial complex I. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:607-618. [PMID: 31485716 PMCID: PMC7289077 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, more commonly referred to as mitochondrial complex I (CI), is the largest discrete enzyme of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). It is localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane. CI oxidizes NADH generated from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to NAD+, in a series of redox reactions that culminates in the reduction of ubiquinone, and the transport of protons from the matrix across the inner membrane to the intermembrane space. The resulting proton-motive force is consumed by ATP synthase to generate ATP, or harnessed to transport ions, metabolites and proteins into the mitochondrion. CI is also a major source of reactive oxygen species. Accordingly, impaired CI function has been associated with a host of chronic metabolic and degenerative disorders such as diabetes, cardiomyopathy, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Leigh syndrome. Studies on Drosophila have contributed to our understanding of the multiple roles of CI in bioenergetics and organismal physiology. Here, we explore and discuss some of the studies on Drosophila that have informed our understanding of this complex and conclude with some of the open questions about CI that can be resolved by studies on Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna-Kay Rhooms
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anjaneyulu Murari
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Naga Sri Vidya Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maximino Vilanueva
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Edward Owusu-Ansah
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- The Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Wang J, Li H, Sun M, Yang Y, Yang Q, Liu B, Liu F, Hu W, Zhang Y. Early Onset of Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency in Two Chinese Brothers Caused by a Homozygous (Leu275Phe) Mutation in the C1QBP Gene. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:583047. [PMID: 33344382 PMCID: PMC7738465 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.583047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases constitute a group of heterogeneous hereditary diseases caused by impairments in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and abnormal cellular energy metabolism. C1QBP plays an important role in mitochondrial homeostasis. In this study, clinical, laboratory examinations, 12-lead electrocardiographic, ultrasonic cardiogram, and magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from four members of a Chinese family. Whole exome were amplified and sequenced for the proband. The structure of protein encoded by the mutation was predicted using multiple software programs. The proband was a 14-year old boy with myocardial hypertrophy, exercise intolerance, ptosis, and increased lactate. His 9-year old brother exhibited similar clinical manifestations while the phenomenon of ptosis was not as noticeable as the proband. The onset of this disease was in infancy in both cases. They were born after uneventful pregnancies of five generation blood relative Chinese parents. A homozygous mutation (Leu275Phe) in the C1QBP gene was identified in both brothers in an autosomal recessive inherited pattern. Their parents were heterozygous mutation carriers without clinical manifestations. We demonstrated that a homozygous C1QBP- P.Leu275Phe mutation in an autosomal recessive inherited mode of inheritance caused early onset combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 33 (COXPD 33) (OMIM:617713) in two brothers from a Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianli Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bailing Liu
- Department of Ultrasound of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Radiology of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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Ni Y, Hagras MA, Konstantopoulou V, Mayr JA, Stuchebrukhov AA, Meierhofer D. Mutations in NDUFS1 Cause Metabolic Reprogramming and Disruption of the Electron Transfer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101149. [PMID: 31557978 PMCID: PMC6829531 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex I (CI) is the first enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and couples the electron transfer with proton pumping. Mutations in genes encoding CI subunits can frequently cause inborn metabolic errors. We applied proteome and metabolome profiling of patient-derived cells harboring pathogenic mutations in two distinct CI genes to elucidate underlying pathomechanisms on the molecular level. Our results indicated that the electron transfer within CI was interrupted in both patients by different mechanisms. We showed that the biallelic mutations in NDUFS1 led to a decreased stability of the entire N-module of CI and disrupted the electron transfer between two iron–sulfur clusters. Strikingly interesting and in contrast to the proteome, metabolome profiling illustrated that the pattern of dysregulated metabolites was almost identical in both patients, such as the inhibitory feedback on the TCA cycle and altered glutathione levels, indicative for reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. Our findings deciphered pathological mechanisms of CI deficiency to better understand inborn metabolic errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ni
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Present address: Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muhammad A. Hagras
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.H.); (A.A.S.)
- Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vassiliki Konstantopoulou
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Alexei A. Stuchebrukhov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.H.); (A.A.S.)
| | - David Meierhofer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-8413-1567
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45
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Identification of extremely rare mitochondrial disorders by whole exome sequencing. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:1117-1125. [PMID: 31451716 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing (WES) is an effective tool for the genetic diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders due to various nuclear genetic defects. In this study, three patients affected by extremely rare mitochondrial disorders caused by nuclear genetic defects are described. The medical records of each patient were reviewed to obtain clinical symptoms, results of biochemical and imaging studies, and muscle biopsies. WES and massive parallel sequencing of whole mtDNA were performed for each patient. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and complex activity I and IV was measured. Patients 1 and 2 had exhibited global developmental delay and seizure since early infancy. Blood lactate, the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, and urinary excretion of Krebs cycle intermediates were markedly elevated. Patient 1 also was noted for ophthalmoplegia. Patient 2 had left ventricular hypertrophy and ataxia. Patient 3 developed dysarthria, gait disturbance, and right-side weakness at age 29. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal signal intensity involving the bilateral thalami, midbrain, or pons. Based on WES, patient 1 had p.Glu415Gly and p.Arg484Trp variants in MTO1. In patient 2, p.Gln111ThrfsTer5 and RNA mis-splicing were identified in TSFM. Patient 3 carried p.Met151Thr and p.Met246Lys variants in AARS2. Skin fibroblasts of three patients exhibited decreased OCRs and complex 1 activity, and mitochondrial DNA was normal. These results demonstrate the utility of WES for identifying the genetic cause of extremely rare mitochondrial disorders, which has implications for genetic counseling.
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Thompson K, Mai N, Oláhová M, Scialó F, Formosa LE, Stroud DA, Garrett M, Lax NZ, Robertson FM, Jou C, Nascimento A, Ortez C, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Hardy SA, He L, Brown GK, Marttinen P, McFarland R, Sanz A, Battersby BJ, Bonnen PE, Ryan MT, Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZM, Lightowlers RN, Taylor RW. OXA1L mutations cause mitochondrial encephalopathy and a combined oxidative phosphorylation defect. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809060. [PMID: 30201738 PMCID: PMC6220311 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OXA1, the mitochondrial member of the YidC/Alb3/Oxa1 membrane protein insertase family, is required for the assembly of oxidative phosphorylation complexes IV and V in yeast. However, depletion of human OXA1 (OXA1L) was previously reported to impair assembly of complexes I and V only. We report a patient presenting with severe encephalopathy, hypotonia and developmental delay who died at 5 years showing complex IV deficiency in skeletal muscle. Whole exome sequencing identified biallelic OXA1L variants (c.500_507dup, p.(Ser170Glnfs*18) and c.620G>T, p.(Cys207Phe)) that segregated with disease. Patient muscle and fibroblasts showed decreased OXA1L and subunits of complexes IV and V. Crucially, expression of wild‐type human OXA1L in patient fibroblasts rescued the complex IV and V defects. Targeted depletion of OXA1L in human cells or Drosophila melanogaster caused defects in the assembly of complexes I, IV and V, consistent with patient data. Immunoprecipitation of OXA1L revealed the enrichment of mtDNA‐encoded subunits of complexes I, IV and V. Our data verify the pathogenicity of these OXA1L variants and demonstrate that OXA1L is required for the assembly of multiple respiratory chain complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicole Mai
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Filippo Scialó
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luke E Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Madeleine Garrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Nichola Z Lax
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona M Robertson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cristina Jou
- Pathology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andres Nascimento
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortez
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Mallebrera
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven A Hardy
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Garry K Brown
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paula Marttinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alberto Sanz
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Penelope E Bonnen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Robert N Lightowlers
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Iwanicka-Pronicka K, Ciara E, Piekutowska-Abramczuk D, Halat P, Pajdowska M, Pronicki M. Congenital cochlear deafness in mitochondrial diseases related to RRM2B and SERAC1 gene defects. A study of the mitochondrial patients of the CMHI hospital in Warsaw, Poland. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 121:143-149. [PMID: 30909120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although hearing loss is a well-known symptom of mitochondria-related disorders, it is not clear how often it is a congenital and cochlear impairment. The Newborn Hearing Screening Program (NHSP) enables to distinguish congenital cochlear deafness from an acquired hearing deficit. The initial aim of the study was to research the frequency of the congenital cochlear hearing loss among patients with various gene defects resulting in mitochondrial disorders. The research process brought on an additional gain: basing on our preliminary study group of 80 patients, in 12 patients altogether we identified two defected genes responsible for mitochondrial disorders, whose carriers did not pass the NHSP. Finally, these patients were diagnosed with the congenital cochlear deafness. MATERIAL AND METHODS The results of the NHSP in the patients with mitochondrial disorders diagnosed in our tertiary reference center were analyzed. Only the cases with confirmed mutations were qualified for the study group. The NHSP database included 80 patients with mutations in 31 different genes: 25 nuclear-encoded and 6 mtDNA-encoded. We searched the literature for the presence of a congenital hearing impairment (CHI) in mitochondrial disorders caused by changes in 278 already known genes. RESULTS For 68 patients from the study group the NHSP test indicated a proper cochlear function and thus suggested normal hearing. For 12 mitochondrial patients, the NHSP test indicated the requirement for the further audiological diagnosis, and finally CHI was confirmed in 8 of them. This latter subset included patients with pathogenic variants in RRM2B and SERAC1, known as "deafness-causing genes". Contrary to our initial expectations, the patients carrying mutations in other "deafness-causing genes": MPV17, POLG, COX10, as well as other mitochondria-related genes, all reported in literature, did not indicate any CHI following the NHSP test. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that the cochlear CHI is a phenotypic feature of the RRM2B and SERAC1 related defects. The diagnosis of the CHI following the NHSP allows to early distinguish those defects from other mitochondria-related disorders in which the NHSP test result is correct. Wider studies are needed to assess the significance of this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Iwanicka-Pronicka
- - Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland; - Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- - Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Piekutowska-Abramczuk
- - Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Halat
- - Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pajdowska
- - Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Radioimmunology, and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Pronicki
- - Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland
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Foriel S, Renkema GH, Lasarzewski Y, Berkhout J, Rodenburg RJ, Smeitink JAM, Beyrath J, Schenck A. A Drosophila Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency Phenotype Array. Front Genet 2019; 10:245. [PMID: 30972103 PMCID: PMC6445954 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of rare life-threatening diseases often caused by defects in the oxidative phosphorylation system. No effective treatment is available for these disorders. Therapeutic development is hampered by the high heterogeneity in genetic, biochemical, and clinical spectra of mitochondrial diseases and by limited preclinical resources to screen and identify effective treatment candidates. Alternative models of the pathology are essential to better understand mitochondrial diseases and to accelerate the development of new therapeutics. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a cost- and time-efficient model that can recapitulate a wide range of phenotypes observed in patients suffering from mitochondrial disorders. We targeted three important subunits of complex I of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system with the flexible UAS-Gal4 system and RNA interference (RNAi): NDUFS4 (ND-18), NDUFS7 (ND-20), and NDUFV1 (ND-51). Using two ubiquitous driver lines at two temperatures, we established a collection of phenotypes relevant to complex I deficiencies. Our data offer models and phenotypes with different levels of severity that can be used for future therapeutic screenings. These include qualitative phenotypes that are amenable to high-throughput drug screening and quantitative phenotypes that require more resources but are likely to have increased potential and sensitivity to show modulation by drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Foriel
- Khondrion B.V., Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - G. Herma Renkema
- Khondrion B.V., Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Lasarzewski
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Richard J. Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan A. M. Smeitink
- Khondrion B.V., Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Hirono K, Ichida F, Nishio N, Ogawa‐Tominaga M, Fushimi T, Feichtinger RG, Mayr JA, Kohda M, Kishita Y, Okazaki Y, Ohtake A, Murayama K. Mitochondrial complex deficiency by novel compound heterozygous TMEM70 variants and correlation with developmental delay, undescended testicle, and left ventricular noncompaction in a Japanese patient: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:553-557. [PMID: 30899493 PMCID: PMC6406168 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified novel compound heterozygous TMEM70 variants in a Japanese patient who had hyperlactacidemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperalaninemia, developmental delay, undescended testicle, and left ventricular noncompaction. The urinary organic acids profile revealed elevated levels of 3-MGA, and BN-PAGE/Western blotting analysis and ETC. activity confirmed complex V deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hirono
- Department of PediatricsGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Department of PediatricsGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Natsuhito Nishio
- Department of PediatricsIshikawa Prefectural Central HospitalKanazawaJapan
| | - Minako Ogawa‐Tominaga
- Department of MetabolismCenter for Medical GeneticsChiba Children's HospitalMidori‐kuChibaJapan
| | - Takuya Fushimi
- Department of MetabolismCenter for Medical GeneticsChiba Children's HospitalMidori‐kuChibaJapan
| | - Rene′ G. Feichtinger
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Hospital SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Hospital SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Masakazu Kohda
- Intractable Disease Research CenterGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihito Kishita
- Intractable Disease Research CenterGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Intractable Disease Research CenterGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsSaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of MetabolismCenter for Medical GeneticsChiba Children's HospitalMidori‐kuChibaJapan
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50
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Recent topics: the diagnosis, molecular genesis, and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. J Hum Genet 2018; 64:113-125. [PMID: 30459337 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are inherited metabolic diseases based on disorders of energy production. The expansion of exome analyses has led to the discovery of many pathogenic nuclear genes associated with these diseases, and research into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases has progressed. In cases of Leigh syndrome, it is desirable to perform both biochemical and genetic analyses, and pathogenic gene mutations have been identified in over half of the cases analyzed this way. Tandem mass screening and organic acid analyses of urine can sometimes provide important information that leads to the identification of pathogenic genes. Our comprehensive gene analyses have led to the discovery of several novel genes for mitochondrial diseases. Indeed, we reported that GTPBP3 and QRSL1 are involved in mitochondrial DNA maturation. In 2017, as a result of international collaboration, we also identified that mutations in ATAD3 and C1QBP cause mitochondrial disease. Given the varied pathogeneses, treatments for mitochondrial diseases should be specifically tailored to the mutated gene. Clinical trials of sodium pyruvate, 5-aminolevulinic acid with sodium ferrous citrate, and taurine as a treatment for mitochondrial disease have begun in Japan. Given that some mitochondrial diseases may respond well to certain treatments if the pathogenic gene can be identified, an early genetic diagnosis is crucial. Additionally, in Japan, prenatal diagnoses for mitochondrial diseases caused by nuclear genes have been achieved for genes shown to be pathogenic. Treatment and management approaches, including prenatal diagnoses, specifically tailored to the various phenotypes and pathologies of mitochondrial diseases are expected to become increasingly available.
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