1
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Restoration of epigenetic impairment in the skeletal muscle and chronic inflammation resolution as a therapeutic approach in sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102267. [PMID: 38462046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, accompanied by severe adverse health outcomes, such as falls and fractures, functional decline, high health costs, and mortality. Hence, its prevention and treatment have become increasingly urgent. However, despite the wide prevalence and extensive research on sarcopenia, no FDA-approved disease-modifying drugs exist. This is probably due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology. Recent evidence demonstrate that sarcopenia development is characterized by two key elements: (i) epigenetic dysregulation of multiple molecular pathways associated with sarcopenia pathogenesis, such as protein remodeling, insulin resistance, mitochondria impairments, and (ii) the creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). In this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulators that have been implicated in skeletal muscle deterioration, their individual roles, and possible crosstalk. We also discuss epidrugs, which are the pharmaceuticals with the potential to restore the epigenetic mechanisms deregulated in sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms underlying failed SCLGI resolution in sarcopenia and the potential application of pro-resolving molecules, comprising specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and their stable mimetics and receptor agonists. These compounds, as well as epidrugs, reveal beneficial effects in preclinical studies related to sarcopenia. Based on these encouraging observations, we propose the combination of epidrugs with SCLI-resolving agents as a new therapeutic approach for sarcopenia that can effectively attenuate of its manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
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2
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Moedas MF, Simões RJM, Silva MFB. Mitochondrial targets in hyperammonemia: Addressing urea cycle function to improve drug therapies. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116034. [PMID: 38307136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The urea cycle (UC) is a critically important metabolic process for the disposal of nitrogen (ammonia) produced by amino acids catabolism. The impairment of this liver-specific pathway induced either by primary genetic defects or by secondary causes, namely those associated with hepatic disease or drug administration, may result in serious clinical consequences. Urea cycle disorders (UCD) and certain organic acidurias are the major groups of inherited rare diseases manifested with hyperammonemia (HA) with UC dysregulation. Importantly, several commonly prescribed drugs, including antiepileptics in monotherapy or polytherapy from carbamazepine to valproic acid or specific antineoplastic agents such as asparaginase or 5-fluorouracil may be associated with HA by mechanisms not fully elucidated. HA, disclosing an imbalance between ammoniagenesis and ammonia disposal via the UC, can evolve to encephalopathy which may lead to significant morbidity and central nervous system damage. This review will focus on biochemical mechanisms related with HA emphasizing some poorly understood perspectives behind the disruption of the UC and mitochondrial energy metabolism, namely: i) changes in acetyl-CoA or NAD+ levels in subcellular compartments; ii) post-translational modifications of key UC-related enzymes, namely acetylation, potentially affecting their catalytic activity; iii) the mitochondrial sirtuins-mediated role in ureagenesis. Moreover, the main UCD associated with HA will be summarized to highlight the relevance of investigating possible genetic mutations to account for unexpected HA during certain pharmacological therapies. The ammonia-induced effects should be avoided or overcome as part of safer therapeutic strategies to protect patients under treatment with drugs that may be potentially associated with HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco F Moedas
- Research Institute for Medicines-iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ricardo J M Simões
- Research Institute for Medicines-iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida F B Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines-iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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3
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Sun X, Yang X, Gui W, Liu S, Gui Q. Sirtuins and autophagy in lipid metabolism. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:978-987. [PMID: 37755711 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of NAD+ -dependent deacetylases that regulate some important biological processes, including lipid metabolism and autophagy, through their deacetylase function. Autophagy is a new discovery in the field of lipid metabolism, which may provide a new idea for the regulation of lipid metabolism. There are many tandem parts in the regulation process of lipid metabolism and autophagy of sirtuins protein family. This paper summarized these tandem parts and proposed the possibility of sirtuins regulating lipid autophagy, as well as the interaction and synergy between sirtuins protein family. Currently, some natural drugs have been reported to affect metabolism by regulating sirtuins, some of which regulate autophagy by targeting sirtuins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoting Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wanfei Gui
- Department of Medicine, Chuanshan College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Songling Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qingjun Gui
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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4
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Liu YP, Wen R, Liu CF, Zhang TN, Yang N. Cellular and molecular biology of sirtuins in cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114931. [PMID: 37263163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a nicotinic adenine dinucleotide (+) -dependent histone deacetylase that regulates critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Studies have identified seven mammalian homologs of the yeast SIRT silencing message regulator 2, namely, SIRT1-SIRT7. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have successfully demonstrated the involvement of SIRTs in key pathways for cell biological function in physiological and pathological processes of the cardiovascular system, including processes including cellular senescence, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage, and cellular metabolism. Emerging evidence has stimulated a significant evolution in preventing and treating cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we review the important roles of SIRTs for the regulatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and their molecular targets, including novel protein post-translational modifications of succinylation. In addition, we summarize the agonists and inhibitors currently identified to target novel specific small molecules of SIRTs. A better understanding of the role of SIRTs in the biology of CVD opens new avenues for therapeutic intervention with great potential for preventing and treating CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Ri Wen
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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5
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Carrico C, Cruz A, Walter M, Meyer J, Wehrfritz C, Shah S, Wei L, Schilling B, Verdin E. Coenzyme A binding sites induce proximal acylation across protein families. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5029. [PMID: 36977698 PMCID: PMC10050154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine Nɛ-acylations, such as acetylation or succinylation, are post-translational modifications that regulate protein function. In mitochondria, lysine acylation is predominantly non-enzymatic, and only a specific subset of the proteome is acylated. Coenzyme A (CoA) can act as an acyl group carrier via a thioester bond, but what controls the acylation of mitochondrial lysines remains poorly understood. Using published datasets, here we found that proteins with a CoA-binding site are more likely to be acetylated, succinylated, and glutarylated. Using computational modeling, we show that lysine residues near the CoA-binding pocket are highly acylated compared to those farther away. We hypothesized that acyl-CoA binding enhances acylation of nearby lysine residues. To test this hypothesis, we co-incubated enoyl-CoA hydratase short chain 1 (ECHS1), a CoA-binding mitochondrial protein, with succinyl-CoA and CoA. Using mass spectrometry, we found that succinyl-CoA induced widespread lysine succinylation and that CoA competitively inhibited ECHS1 succinylation. CoA-induced inhibition at a particular lysine site correlated inversely with the distance between that lysine and the CoA-binding pocket. Our study indicated that CoA acts as a competitive inhibitor of ECHS1 succinylation by binding to the CoA-binding pocket. Together, this suggests that proximal acylation at CoA-binding sites is a primary mechanism for lysine acylation in the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Carrico
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Andrew Cruz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Marius Walter
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jesse Meyer
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - Samah Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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6
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Abbotto E, Scarano N, Piacente F, Millo E, Cichero E, Bruzzone S. Virtual Screening in the Identification of Sirtuins’ Activity Modulators. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175641. [PMID: 36080416 PMCID: PMC9457788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deac(et)ylases with different subcellular localization. The sirtuins’ family is composed of seven members, named SIRT-1 to SIRT-7. Their substrates include histones and also an increasing number of different proteins. Sirtuins regulate a wide range of different processes, ranging from transcription to metabolism to genome stability. Thus, their dysregulation has been related to the pathogenesis of different diseases. In this review, we discussed the pharmacological approaches based on sirtuins’ modulators (both inhibitors and activators) that have been attempted in in vitro and/or in in vivo experimental settings, to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting one/more specific sirtuin isoform(s) in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and type 2 diabetes. Extensive research has already been performed to identify SIRT-1 and -2 modulators, while compounds targeting the other sirtuins have been less studied so far. Beside sections dedicated to each sirtuin, in the present review we also included sections dedicated to pan-sirtuins’ and to parasitic sirtuins’ modulators. A special focus is dedicated to the sirtuins’ modulators identified by the use of virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abbotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Naomi Scarano
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Madduma Hewage S, Au-Yeung KKW, Prashar S, Wijerathne CUB, O K, Siow YL. Lingonberry Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by Targeting Notch1 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030472. [PMID: 35326122 PMCID: PMC8944850 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired hepatic lipid metabolism is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has no effective treatment option. Recently, Notch signaling has been identified as an important mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is an anthocyanin-rich fruit with significant lipid-lowering properties. In this study, we examined how lingonberry influenced Notch signaling and fatty acid metabolism in a mouse model of NAFLD. Mice (C57BL/6J) fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks developed fatty liver and activated hepatic Notch1 signaling. Lingonberry supplementation inhibited hepatic Notch1 signaling and improved lipid profile by improving the expression of the genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. The results were verified using a palmitic-acid-challenged cell model. Similar to the animal data, palmitic acid impaired cellular lipid metabolism and induced Notch1 in HepG2 cells. Lingonberry extract or cyanidin-3-glucoside attenuated Notch1 signaling and decreased intracellular triglyceride accumulation. The inhibition of Notch in the hepatocytes attenuated sterol-regulatory-element-binding-transcription-factor-1 (SREBP-1c)-mediated lipogenesis and increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I-alpha (CPTIα) and acyl-CoA oxidase1 (ACOX1). Taken together, lingonberry’s hepatoprotective effect is mediated by, in part, improving hepatic lipid metabolism via inhibiting Notch1 signaling in HFD-induced fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susara Madduma Hewage
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Kathy K. W. Au-Yeung
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Suvira Prashar
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Charith U. B. Wijerathne
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence: (K.O.); or (Y.L.S.)
| | - Yaw L. Siow
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (K.O.); or (Y.L.S.)
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8
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Di Emidio G, Falone S, Artini PG, Amicarelli F, D’Alessandro AM, Tatone C. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Reproduction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071047. [PMID: 34209765 PMCID: PMC8300669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria act as hubs of numerous metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to altering the redox balance and predispose to aging and metabolic alterations. The sirtuin family is composed of seven members and three of them, SIRT3-5, are housed in mitochondria. They catalyze NAD+-dependent deacylation and the ADP-ribosylation of mitochondrial proteins, thereby modulating gene expression and activities of enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism and stress responses. In this context, mitochondrial sirtuins (mtSIRTs) act in synergistic or antagonistic manners to protect from aging and aging-related metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the role of mtSIRTs in the biological competence of reproductive cells, organs, and embryos. Most studies are focused on SIRT3 in female reproduction, providing evidence that SIRT3 improves the competence of oocytes in humans and animal models. Moreover, SIRT3 protects oocytes, early embryos, and ovaries against stress conditions. The relationship between derangement of SIRT3 signaling and the imbalance of ROS and antioxidant defenses in testes has also been demonstrated. Very little is known about SIRT4 and SIRT5 functions in the reproductive system. The final goal of this work is to understand whether sirtuin-based signaling may be taken into account as potential targets for therapeutic applications in female and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)-862-433-441
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Paolo Giovanni Artini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology “P. Fioretti”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Anna Maria D’Alessandro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
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9
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Jaiswal A, Xudong Z, Zhenyu J, Saretzki G. Mitochondrial sirtuins in stem cells and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:3393-3415. [PMID: 33866670 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian sirtuin family consists of seven proteins, three of which (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) localise specifically within mitochondria and preserve mitochondrial function and homeostasis. Mitochondrial sirtuins are involved in diverse functions such as deacetylation, ADP-ribosylation, demalonylation and desuccinylation, thus affecting various aspects of cell fate. Intriguingly, mitochondrial sirtuins are able to manage these delicate processes with accuracy mediated by crosstalk between the nucleus and mitochondria. Previous studies have provided ample information about their substrates and targets, whereas less is known about their role in cancer and stem cells. Here, we review and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the structural and functional properties of mitochondrial sirtuins, including their targets in cancer and stem cells. These advances could help to improve the understanding of their interplay with signalling cascades and pathways, leading to new avenues for developing novel drugs for sirtuin-related disease treatments. We also highlight the complex network of mitochondrial sirtuins in cancer and stem cells, which may be important in deciphering the molecular mechanism for their activation and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jaiswal
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhu Xudong
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ju Zhenyu
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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10
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Huynh FK, Peterson BS, Anderson KA, Lin Z, Coakley AJ, Llaguno FMS, Nguyen TTN, Campbell JE, Stephens SB, Newgard CB, Hirschey MD. β-Cell-specific ablation of sirtuin 4 does not affect nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E805-E813. [PMID: 32865009 PMCID: PMC7750516 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00170.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of proteins that regulate biological processes such as cellular stress and aging by removing posttranslational modifications (PTMs). We recently identified several novel PTMs that can be removed by sirtuin 4 (SIRT4), which is found in mitochondria. We showed that mice with a global loss of SIRT4 [SIRT4-knockout (KO) mice] developed an increase in glucose- and leucine-stimulated insulin secretion, and this was followed by accelerated age-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Because whole body SIRT4-KO mice had alterations to nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion, we hypothesized that SIRT4 plays a direct role in regulating pancreatic β-cell function. Thus, we tested whether β-cell-specific ablation of SIRT4 would recapitulate the elevated insulin secretion seen in mice with a global loss of SIRT4. Tamoxifen-inducible β-cell-specific SIRT4-KO mice were generated, and their glucose tolerance and glucose- and leucine-stimulated insulin secretion were measured over time. These mice exhibited normal glucose- and leucine-stimulated insulin secretion and maintained normal glucose tolerance even as they aged. Furthermore, 832/13 β-cells with a CRISPR/Cas9n-mediated loss of SIRT4 did not show any alterations in nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. Despite the fact that whole body SIRT4-KO mice demonstrated an age-induced increase in glucose- and leucine-stimulated insulin secretion, our current data indicate that the loss of SIRT4 specifically in pancreatic β-cells, both in vivo and in vitro, does not have a significant impact on nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. These data suggest that SIRT4 controls nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion during aging by acting on tissues external to the β-cell, which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Huynh
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California
| | - Brett S Peterson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristin A Anderson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhihong Lin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Aeowynn J Coakley
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California
| | - Fiara M S Llaguno
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California
| | - Thi-Tina N Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samuel B Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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11
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Wang C, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Kong C. Functions of mammalian SIRT4 in cellular metabolism and research progress in human cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:11. [PMID: 32774484 PMCID: PMC7405384 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are mammalian homologs of yeast silent information regulator two (SIRT) and are a highly conserved family of proteins, which act as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases. The seven sirtuins (SIRT1-7) share a conserved catalytic core domain; however, they have different enzyme activities, biological functions, and subcellular localizations. Among them, mitochondrial SIRT4 possesses ADP-ribosyltransferase, NAD+-dependent deacetylase, lipoamidase, and long-chain deacylase activities and can modulate the function of substrate proteins via ADP-ribosylation, delipoylation, deacetylation and long-chain deacylation. SIRT4 has been shown to play a crucial role in insulin secretion, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid metabolism, ATP homeostasis, apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that SIRT4 acts as a tumor suppressor. Here, the present review summarizes the enzymatic activities and biological functions of SIRT4, as well as its roles in cellular metabolism and human cancer, which are described in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China.,Department of Urological Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China.,Department of Urological Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China.,Department of Urological Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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12
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A Global Cndp1-Knock-Out Selectively Increases Renal Carnosine and Anserine Concentrations in an Age- and Gender-Specific Manner in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144887. [PMID: 32664451 PMCID: PMC7402351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosinase 1 (CN1) is encoded by the Cndp1 gene and degrades carnosine and anserine, two natural histidine-containing dipeptides. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest carnosine- and anserine-mediated protection against long-term sequelae of reactive metabolites accumulating, e.g., in diabetes mellitus. We have characterized the metabolic impact of CN1 in 11- and 55-week-old Cndp1-knockout (Cndp1-KO) mice and litter-matched wildtypes (WT). In Cndp1-KO mice, renal carnosine and anserine concentrations were gender-specifically increased 2- to 9-fold, respectively in the kidney and both most abundant in the renal cortex, but remained unchanged in all other organs and in serum. Renal oxidized/reduced glutathione concentrations, renal morphology and function were unaltered. In Cndp1-KO mice at week 11, renal asparagine, serine and glutamine levels and at week 55, renal arginine concentration were reduced. Renal heat-shock-protein 70 (Hspa1a/b) mRNA declined with age in WT but not in Cndp1-KO mice, transcription factor heat-shock-factor 1 was higher in 55-week-old KO mice. Fasting blood glucose concentrations decreased with age in WT mice, but were unchanged in Cndp1-KO mice. Blood glucose response to intraperitoneal insulin was gender- but not genotype-dependent, the response to intraperitoneal glucose injection was similar in all groups. A global Cndp1-KO selectively, age- and gender-specifically, increases renal carnosine and anserine concentrations, alters renal amino acid- and HSP70 profile and modifies systemic glucose homeostasis. Increase of the natural occurring carnosine and anserine levels in the kidney by modulation of CN1 represents a promising therapeutic approach to mitigate or prevent chronic kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy.
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Fu L, Jiang Y, Wang C, Mei M, Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Song H, Ding X. A Genome-Wide Association Study on Feed Efficiency Related Traits in Landrace Pigs. Front Genet 2020; 11:692. [PMID: 32719719 PMCID: PMC7350416 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency (FE) traits in pigs are of utmost economic importance. Genetic improvement of FE related traits in pigs might significantly reduce production cost and energy consumption. Hence, our study aimed at identifying SNPs and candidate genes associated with FE related traits, including feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and residual feed intake (RFI). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for the four FE related traits in 296 Landrace pigs genotyped with PorcineSNP50 BeadChip. Two different single-trait methods, single SNP linear model GWAS (LM-GWAS) and single-step GWAS (ssGWAS), were implemented. Our results showed that the two methods showed high consistency with respect to SNP identification. A total of 32 common significant SNPs associated with the four FE related traits were identified. Bioinformatics analysis revealed eight common QTL regions, of which three QTL regions related to ADFI and RFI traits were overlapped. Gene ontology analysis revealed six common candidate genes (PRELID2, GPER1, PDX1, TEX2, PLCL2, ICAM2) relevant for the four FE related traits. These genes are involved in the processes of fat synthesis and decomposition, lipid transport process, insulin metabolism, among others. Our results provide, new insights into the genetic mechanisms and candidate function genes of FE related traits in pigs. However, further investigations to validate these results are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Mengran Mei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailiang Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ji L, Chen Y, Wang H, Zhang W, He L, Wu J, Liu Y. Overexpression of Sirt6 promotes M2 macrophage transformation, alleviating renal injury in diabetic nephropathy. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:103-115. [PMID: 31115579 PMCID: PMC6561622 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between Sirt6, macrophages and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Immunohistochemical, western blot and RT-qPCR analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of Sirt6, the markers of podocytes and monocytes and related inflammatory factors in the tissues of rats with streptozocin-induced DN. A series of cell experiments in isolated culture or the co-culture of macrophages and podocytes were conducted to examine the effects of the overexpression of Sirt6 on macrophage transformation, podocyte apoptosis and associated genes, and analyses were performed using RT-qPCR, flow cytometry and western blot analysis, where appropriate. In the rat model of DN, injured podocytes were represented by the decreased protein expression levels of Nephrin and Sirt6, and by an increased Desmin expression. Additionally, the M1 phenotype transformation of macrophages was evidenced by the increased expression levels of CD86, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and by the decreased expression levels of CD206, Sirt6, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. In vitro assays of macrophages and podocytes demonstrated that glucose promoted macrophage M1 transformation and podocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and attenuated Sirt6 expression. Macrophages transformed into the M2 phenotype following the overexpression of Sirt6 by the successful transfection of macrophages with a Sirt6 overexpression plasmid. Sirt6 was also overexpressed in podocytes. In a Transwell co-culture system, the overexpression of Sirt6 in macrophages (but not the overexpression of Sirt6 in podocytes) protected the podocytes from high-glucose-induced injury. However, the apoptosis of the podocytes overexpressing Sirt6 (induced by transfection with a Sirt6 overexpression plasmid) still increased when these podocytes were co-cultured with macrophages in high-glucose medium. These protective effects were evidenced by the inhibition of apoptosis, the upregulation of the expression levels of Bcl-2 and CD206, as well as by the decreased expression levels of Bax and CD86. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that Sirt6 protects podocytes against injury in a mimicked diabetic kidney microenvironment by activating M2 macrophages, indicating that Sirt6 can act as an immune response regulatory factor in DN-associated renal inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, P.R China
| | - Yifang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, P.R China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Yuhang TCM Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311106, P.R China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, P.R China
| | - Lanxiang He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, P.R China
| | - Jingmin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, P.R China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R China
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15
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Liu M, Wang Z, Ren M, Yang X, Liu B, Qi H, Yu M, Song S, Chen S, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zou J, Zhu WG, Yin Y, Luo J. SIRT4 regulates PTEN stability through IDE in response to cellular stresses. FASEB J 2019; 33:5535-5547. [PMID: 30649986 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801987r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) plays a critical role in regulating cell survival, cell growth, and proliferation by antagonizing the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. The regulatory mechanism of PTEN protein is still not completely understood. Here, we found that Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) interacts with PTEN and regulates its stability. Overexpression of SIRT4 in cells causes down-regulation of PTEN. This regulation is independent of PTEN acetylation and ubiquitination. We further found that SIRT4 degrades PTEN through lysosome pathway mediated by insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). SIRT4 bridges PTEN and IDE for degradation in response to nutritional starvation stresses. Our results suggest that when cells were exposed to nutritional starvation, SIRT4 was induced and cooperated with IDE to degrade PTEN; low levels of PTEN promote cells to survive from cellular stress. Our findings provide a new regulation of PTEN in response to cellular stresses.-Liu, M., Wang, Z., Ren, M., Yang, X., Liu, B., Qi, H., Yu, M., Song, S., Chen, S., Liu, L., Zhang, Y., Zou, J., Zhu, W.-G., Yin, Y., Luo, J. SIRT4 regulates PTEN stability through IDE in response to cellular stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Qi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyi Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Zou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical and Research Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Song J, Yang B, Jia X, Li M, Tan W, Ma S, Shi X, Feng L. Distinctive Roles of Sirtuins on Diabetes, Protective or Detrimental? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:724. [PMID: 30559718 PMCID: PMC6284472 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of metabolic pathways leads to type 2 diabetes, characteristic of high glucose concentration caused by insulin resistance. The histone deacetylases sirtuins exhibit remarkable enzymatic activities. Accumulating evidence indicates that sirtuins can be pharmacologically activated to ameliorate diabetes. Here, we evaluated different roles of sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) in diabetes progression and described their involvement in metabolic pathways of skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver. The nuclear sirtuins, SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7, regulate the activity of key transcription factors and cofactors in almost all tissues with the cellular responses to energy demands. The mitochondrial sirtuins, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5, regulate the activity of mitochondrial enzymes in response to fasting and calorie restriction. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms of SIRT1 and SIRT2 have been reported to associate with diabetes development. It's worth noting that SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT6 are positive regulators of insulin resistance in most cases. In the opposite, SIRT4 and SIRT7 inhibit insulin secretion and fatty acid oxidation. Identification of SIRT1 activators for diabetes has gained wide attention, such as metformin, resveratrol, and resveratrol derivatives. Randomized, prospective, and large-scale clinical trials are warrant to uncover the responsibilities of SIRTs modulators on diabetes progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Affiliated Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shitang Ma
- Life and Health college, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Xinhong Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Feng
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Goetzman ES, Gong Z, Schiff M, Wang Y, Muzumdar RH. Metabolic pathways at the crossroads of diabetes and inborn errors. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:5-17. [PMID: 28952033 PMCID: PMC6757345 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past two decades has led to advances in our understanding of the genetic and metabolic factors that underlie the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While T2DM is defined by its hallmark metabolic symptoms, the genetic risk factors for T2DM are more immune-related than metabolism-related, and the observed metabolic disease may be secondary to chronic inflammation. Regardless, these metabolic changes are not benign, as the accumulation of some metabolic intermediates serves to further drive the inflammation and cell stress, eventually leading to insulin resistance and ultimately to T2DM. Because many of the biochemical changes observed in the pre-diabetic state (i.e., ectopic lipid storage, increased acylcarnitines, increased branched-chain amino acids) are also observed in patients with rare inborn errors of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, an interesting question is raised regarding whether isolated metabolic gene defects can confer an increased risk for T2DM. In this review, we attempt to address this question by summarizing the literature regarding the metabolic pathways at the crossroads of diabetes and inborn errors of metabolism. Studies using cell culture and animal models have revealed that, within a given pathway, disrupting some genes can lead to insulin resistance while for others there may be no effect or even improved insulin sensitivity. This differential response to ablating a single metabolic gene appears to be dependent upon the specific metabolic intermediates that accumulate and whether these intermediates subsequently activate inflammatory pathways. This highlights the need for future studies to determine whether certain inborn errors may confer increased risk for diabetes as the patients age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos 5117, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Manuel Schiff
- UMR1141, PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Radhika H Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
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