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Gupta A, Oyekunle T, Salako O, Daramola A, Alatise O, Ogun G, Adeniyi A, Deveaux A, Saraiya V, Hall A, Ayandipo O, Olajide T, Olasehinde O, Arowolo O, Adisa A, Afuwape O, Olusanya A, Adegoke A, Tollefsbol TO, Arnett D, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Akinyemiju T. Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and odds of breast cancer by molecular subtype: analysis of the MEND study. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1230-1242. [PMID: 34194621 PMCID: PMC8238238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) in Nigeria is characterized by disproportionately aggressive molecular subtypes. C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with risk and aggressiveness for several types of cancer. We examined the association of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) with odds of BC by molecular subtype among Nigerian women. Among 296 newly diagnosed BC cases and 259 healthy controls, multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between hsCRP and odds of BC overall and by molecular subtype (luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched and triple-negative or TNBC). High hsCRP (> 3 mg/L) was observed in 57% of cases and 31% of controls and was associated with 4 times the odds of BC (aOR: 4.43; 95% CI: 2.56, 7.66) after adjusting for socio-demographic, reproductive, and clinical variables. This association persisted regardless of menopausal status and body mass index (BMI) category. High hsCRP was associated with increased odds of TNBC (aOR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.07, 10.35), luminal A BC (aOR: 4.03; 95% CI: 1.29, 12.64), and HER2-enriched BC (aOR: 6.27; 95% CI: 1.69, 23.25). Future studies are necessary in this population to further evaluate a potential role for CRP as a predictive biomarker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Taofik Oyekunle
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Omolola Salako
- College of Medicine & Lagos University Teaching Hospital, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Adetola Daramola
- College of Medicine & Lagos University Teaching Hospital, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Alatise
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Ogun
- University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - April Deveaux
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Veeral Saraiya
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Allison Hall
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Omobolaji Ayandipo
- University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Thomas Olajide
- College of Medicine & Lagos University Teaching Hospital, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | - Olukayode Arowolo
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adewale Adisa
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oludolapo Afuwape
- University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Aralola Olusanya
- University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Aderemi Adegoke
- Our Lady of Apostle Catholic Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Donna Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tomi Akinyemiju
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Rafaeva M, Erler JT. Framing cancer progression: influence of the organ- and tumour-specific matrisome. FEBS J 2020; 287:1454-1477. [PMID: 31972068 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in regulating organ homeostasis. It provides mechanical and biochemical cues directing cellular behaviour and, therefore, has control over the progression of diseases such as cancer. Recent efforts have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the protein composition of the ECM and its regulators, the so-called matrisome, in healthy and cancerous tissues; yet, an overview of the common signatures and organ-specific ECM in cancer is missing. Here, we address this by taking a detailed approach to review why cancer grows in certain organs, and focus on the influence of the matrisome at primary and metastatic tumour sites. Our in-depth and comprehensive review of the current literature and general understanding identifies important commonalities and distinctions, providing insight into the biology of metastasis, which could pave the way to improve future diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rafaeva
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark
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Mendonca P, Horton A, Bauer D, Messeha S, Soliman KFA. The inhibitory effects of butein on cell proliferation and TNF-α-induced CCL2 release in racially different triple negative breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215269. [PMID: 31665136 PMCID: PMC6821048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the leading cause of breast cancer-related mortality in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype, affecting African American women more aggressively compared to Caucasians women. Of all cancer-related deaths, 15 to 20% are associated with inflammation, where proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the tumorigenesis process. The current study investigated the effects of the polyphenolic compound butein (2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxychalcone) on cell proliferation and survival, as well as its modulatory effect on the release of proinflammatory cytokines in MDA-MB-231 (Caucasian) and MDA-MB-468 (African American) TNBC cell. The results obtained showed that butein decreased cell viability in a time and dose-dependent manner, and after 72-h of treatment, the cell proliferation rate was reduced in both cell lines. In addition, butein was found to have higher potency in MDA-MB-468, exhibiting anti-proliferative effects in lower concentrations. Apoptosis assays demonstrated that butein (50 μM) increased apoptotic cells in MDA MB-468, showing 60% of the analyzed cells in the apoptotic phase, compared to 20% in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, butein downregulated both protein and mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, CCL2, and IKBKE in TNFα-activated Caucasian cells, but not in African Americans. This study demonstrates butein potential in cancer cell suppression showing a higher cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effects in African Americans, compared to Caucasians TNBC cells. It also reveals the butein inhibitory effect on CCL2 expression with a possible association with IKBKE downregulation in MDA-MB-231 cells only, indicating that Caucasians and African Americans TNBC cells respond differently to butein treatment. The obtained findings may provide an explanation regarding the poor therapeutic response in African American patients with advanced TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mendonca
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ainsley Horton
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Bauer
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Samia Messeha
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Smeland HYH, Lu N, Karlsen TV, Salvesen G, Reed RK, Stuhr L. Stromal integrin α11-deficiency reduces interstitial fluid pressure and perturbs collagen structure in triple-negative breast xenograft tumors. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:234. [PMID: 30876468 PMCID: PMC6419843 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer progression is influenced by a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. The aberrant tumor stroma with increased collagen deposition, contractile fibroblasts and dysfunctional vessels has a major impact on the interstitial fluid pressure (PIF) in most solid tumors. An increased tumor PIF is a barrier to the transport of interstitial fluid into and within the tumor. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate pressure homeostasis can lead to new insight into breast tumor progression, invasion and response to therapy. The collagen binding integrin α11β1 is upregulated during myofibroblast differentiation and expressed on fibroblasts in the tumor stroma. As a collagen organizer and a probable link between contractile fibroblasts and the complex collagen network in tumors, integrin α11β1 could be a potential regulator of tumor PIF. Methods We investigated the effect of stromal integrin α11-deficiency on pressure homeostasis, collagen organization and tumor growth using orthotopic and ectopic triple-negative breast cancer xenografts (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) in wild type and integrin α11-deficient mice. PIF was measured by the wick-in-needle technique, collagen by Picrosirius Red staining and electron microscopy, and uptake of radioactively labeled 5FU by microdialysis. Further, PIF in heterospheroids composed of MDA-MB-231 cells and wild type or integrin α11-deficient fibroblasts was measured by micropuncture. Results Stromal integrin α11-deficiency decreased PIF in both the orthotopic breast cancer models. A concomitant perturbed collagen structure was seen, with fewer aligned and thinner fibrils. Integrin α11-deficiency also impeded MDA-MB-231 breast tumor growth, but no effect was observed on drug uptake. No effects were seen in the ectopic model. By investigating the isolated effect of integrin α11-positive fibroblasts on MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro, we provide evidence that PIF regulation was mediated by integrin α11-positive fibroblasts. Conclusion We hereby show the importance of integrin α11β1 in pressure homeostasis in triple-negative breast tumors, indicating a new role for integrin α11β1 in the tumor microenvironment. Our data suggest that integrin α11β1 has a pro-tumorigenic effect on triple-negative breast cancer growth in vivo. The significance of the local microenvironment is shown by the different effects of integrin α11β1 in the orthotopic and ectopic models, underlining the importance of choosing an appropriate preclinical model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5449-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Ytre-Hauge Smeland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Centre of Cancer Biomarkers, Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Centre of Cancer Biomarkers, Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tine V Karlsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gerd Salvesen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K Reed
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Centre of Cancer Biomarkers, Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Linda Stuhr
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Centre of Cancer Biomarkers, Norwegian Centre of Excellence, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
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Hun M, Barsanti M, Wong K, Ramshaw J, Werkmeister J, Chidgey AP. Native thymic extracellular matrix improves in vivo thymic organoid T cell output, and drives in vitro thymic epithelial cell differentiation. Biomaterials 2016; 118:1-15. [PMID: 27940379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the thymus is a primary lymphoid organ, its function is compromised by an age-induced loss of resident epithelial cells, which results in reduced naïve T cell output. This has important implications for immune recovery in aged and elderly patients following damage from cytoablative therapies. As thymic architecture plays a crucial role in naïve T cell development, a tissue specific scaffold that provides essential supporting matrix may assist in stem cell-based thymus regeneration to recreate complex organoids. Here we investigate thymus decellularization approaches that preserve major extracellular matrix components and support thymic epithelial cells for the generation of a functional thymic microenvironment with improved T cell output. We also established an in vitro, serum-free culture system that both maintains a progenitor thymic epithelial cell pool and drives their differentiation in the presence of decellularized thymic matrix. This approach enables further dissection of key cellular and niche components involved in thymic epithelial stem cell maintenance and T cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hun
- Stem Cells and Immune Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Level 3, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Marco Barsanti
- Stem Cells and Immune Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Level 3, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kahlia Wong
- Stem Cells and Immune Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Level 3, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John Ramshaw
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | - Ann P Chidgey
- Stem Cells and Immune Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Level 3, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Molecular targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer: Clinical and experimental studies. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:776-789. [PMID: 26811624 PMCID: PMC4716076 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although recent therapeutic developments for patients with pancreatic cancer have provided survival benefits, the outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer remain unsatisfactory. Molecularly targeted cancer therapy has advanced in the past decade with the use of a number of pathways as candidates of therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the molecular features of this refractory disease while focusing on the recent clinical and experimental findings on pancreatic cancer. It also discusses the data supporting current standard clinical outcomes, and offers conclusions that may improve the management of pancreatic cancer in the future.
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Katanov C, Lerrer S, Liubomirski Y, Leider-Trejo L, Meshel T, Bar J, Feniger-Barish R, Kamer I, Soria-Artzi G, Kahani H, Banerjee D, Ben-Baruch A. Regulation of the inflammatory profile of stromal cells in human breast cancer: prominent roles for TNF-α and the NF-κB pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:87. [PMID: 25928089 PMCID: PMC4469428 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer progression is promoted by stromal cells that populate the tumors, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). The activities of CAFs and MSCs in breast cancer are integrated within an intimate inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) that includes high levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Here, we identified the impact of TNF-α and IL-1β on the inflammatory phenotype of CAFs and MSCs by determining the expression of inflammatory chemokines that are well-characterized as pro-tumorigenic in breast cancer: CCL2 (MCP-1), CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL5 (RANTES). Methods Chemokine expression was determined in breast cancer patient-derived CAFs by ELISA and in patient biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Chemokine levels were determined by ELISA in (1) human bone marrow-derived MSCs stimulated by tumor conditioned media (Tumor CM) of breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) at the end of MSC-to-CAF-conversion process; (2) Tumor CM-derived CAFs, patient CAFs and MSCs stimulated by TNF-α (and IL-1β). The roles of AP-1 and NF-κB in chemokine secretion were analyzed by Western blotting and by siRNAs to c-Jun and p65, respectively. Migration of monocytic cells was determined in modified Boyden chambers. Results TNF-α (and IL-1β) induced the release of CCL2, CXCL8 and CCL5 by MSCs and CAFs generated by prolonged stimulation of MSCs with Tumor CM of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Patient-derived CAFs expressed CCL2 and CXCL8, and secreted CCL5 following TNF-α (and IL-1β) stimulation. CCL2 was expressed in CAFs residing in proximity to breast tumor cells in biopsies of patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. CCL2 release by TNF-α-stimulated MSCs was mediated by TNF-RI and TNF-RII, through the NF-κB but not via the AP-1 pathway. Exposure of MSCs to TNF-α led to potent CCL2-induced migration of monocytic cells, a process that may yield pro-cancerous myeloid infiltrates in breast tumors. Conclusions Our novel results emphasize the important roles of inflammation-stroma interactions in breast cancer, and suggest that NF-κB may be a potential target for inhibition in tumor-adjacent stromal cells, enabling improved tumor control in inflammation-driven malignancies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0080-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Katanov
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Shalom Lerrer
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Yulia Liubomirski
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Leonor Leider-Trejo
- Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel.
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Jair Bar
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 5262100, Israel.
| | - Rotem Feniger-Barish
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 5262100, Israel.
| | - Iris Kamer
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 5262100, Israel.
| | - Gali Soria-Artzi
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Hadar Kahani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Debabrata Banerjee
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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Werbeck JL, Thudi NK, Martin CK, Premanandan C, Yu L, Ostrowksi MC, Rosol TJ. Tumor microenvironment regulates metastasis and metastasis genes of mouse MMTV-PymT mammary cancer cells in vivo. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:868-81. [PMID: 24091811 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813505116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death in breast cancer patients, yet there are challenges to modeling this process in vivo. The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of injection site on tumor growth and metastasis and gene expression of breast cancer cells in vivo using the MMTV-PymT breast cancer model (Met-1 cells). Met-1 cells were injected into 5 sites (subcutaneous, mammary fat pad, tail vein, intracardiac, and intratibial), and tumors and metastases were monitored using bioluminescent imaging and confirmed with gross necropsy and histopathology. Met-1 tumors were analyzed based on morphology and changes in gene expression in each tissue microenvironment. There were 6 permissible sites of Met-1 tumor growth (mammary gland, subcutis, lung, adrenal gland, ovary, bone). Met-1 cells grew faster in the subcutis compared to mammary fat pad tumors (highest Ki-67 index). Morphologic differences were evident in each tumor microenvironment. Finally, 7 genes were differentially expressed in the Met-1 tumors in the 6 sites of growth or metastasis. This investigation demonstrates that breast cancer progression and metastasis are regulated by not only the tumor cells but also the experimental model and unique molecular signals from the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Werbeck
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - N K Thudi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C K Martin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C Premanandan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M C Ostrowksi
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Kim Y, Boushaba K. Regulation of tumor dormancy and role of microenvironment: a mathematical model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 734:237-59. [PMID: 23143982 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1445-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a mathematical model of a molecular control system for the regulation of secondary tumors is formulated and analyzed to explore how secondary tumors can be controlled by a primary tumor with/without a surgery and the microenvironment. This control system is composed of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), plasmin, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), latent TGFβ (LTGFβ), and tumor density. The control of secondary tumors by primary tumors was first modeled by Boushaba, Nilsen-Hamiton and Levine in [46]. The model is based on the idea that the vascularization of a secondary tumor can be suppressed by inhibitors from a larger primary tumor. The emergence of tumors at secondary sites 5-7 cm from a primary site was observed after surgical removal of the primary tumor in silico. The model supports the notion that the fate of secondary tumors after surgery depends on the distance from the primary tumor and the surrounding microenvironment. As such, the primary tumor did not influence the growth of remote secondary tumors, but it could effectively suppress the growth of the secondary tumors if they were too close to the primary tumor, even after it was removed. Thus, the model predicts the emergence of secondary tumors after the excision of the primary tumor when the distance between these tumors is in the "distance window." It also predicts that the growth behaviors of the secondary tumors depend on the local microenvironment. Based on these findings, we propose several treatment options for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI, USA
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Pines M. Targeting TGFβ signaling to inhibit fibroblast activation as a therapy for fibrosis and cancer: effect of halofuginone. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:11-20. [PMID: 23480137 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast to myofibroblast transition in wound healing, fibrosis and cancer has emerged as a viable target for pharmacological intervention. The myofibroblasts acquire specific characteristics because of differences in origin and localization, but also share common properties, such as TGFβ signaling. Halofuginone, an inhibitor of the Smad3 phosphorylation, downstream of the TGFβ signaling, inhibits the activation of fibroblasts and their ability to synthesize the extracellular matrix, regardless of their origin or location. Halofuginone prevented the new and stimulated resolution of pre-existing fibrosis of several organs and inhibited the development and progression of various tumors. Moreover, halofuginone synergizes with chemotherapy and reduces the need for high doses of toxic compounds without impairing the treatment efficacy. In fibrosis, where the myofibroblasts are the major participant, halofuginone can be used as a single therapy, whereas in cancer it should be considered in combination with other therapies that affect the tumor cells via different modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pines
- Institute of Animal Sciences, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel +972 8 9484408 ; +972 8 9475075 ;
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Lesack K, Naugler C. Morphometric characteristics of basal cell carcinoma peritumoral stroma varies among basal cell carcinoma subtypes. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2012; 12:1. [PMID: 22405101 PMCID: PMC3338565 DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-12-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role that the peritumoral stroma plays in the growth of tumours is currently poorly understood. In this manuscript the morphometric characteristics of basal cell carcinoma subtypes and their associated peritumoral stromas are presented. METHODS Ninety eight digitized basal cell carcinoma histology slides were categorized as infiltrative, nodular, or superficial subtypes, and were analysed using a combination of manual and computer-assisted approaches. The morphometric characteristics of the tumour nests and their associated peritumoral stroma were quantified, and the presence of a marked immune reaction or elastosis was noted. RESULTS The tumour to stroma ratio was different among each tumour subtype. Elastosis was identified in a greater proportion of the infiltrative tumours. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative differences exist between the peritumoral stroma of basal cell carcinoma subtypes. Future work exploring the relation between these morphometric differences and biochemical variations in peritumoral stroma may further our understanding of the biology of carcinoma development. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Lesack
- Room G503, O'Brien Centre for the BHSc, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christopher Naugler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, C414, Diagnostic and Scientific Centre, 9, 3535 Research Road NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2L 2K8
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The role of the microenvironment in tumor growth and invasion. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 106:353-79. [PMID: 21736894 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical modeling and computational analysis are essential for understanding the dynamics of the complex gene networks that control normal development and homeostasis, and can help to understand how circumvention of that control leads to abnormal outcomes such as cancer. Our objectives here are to discuss the different mechanisms by which the local biochemical and mechanical microenvironment, which is comprised of various signaling molecules, cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM), affects the progression of potentially-cancerous cells, and to present new results on two aspects of these effects. We first deal with the major processes involved in the progression from a normal cell to a cancerous cell at a level accessible to a general scientific readership, and we then outline a number of mathematical and computational issues that arise in cancer modeling. In Section 2 we present results from a model that deals with the effects of the mechanical properties of the environment on tumor growth, and in Section 3 we report results from a model of the signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and how their interactions affect the development of breast cancer. The results emphasize anew the complexities of the interactions within the TME and their effect on tumor growth, and show that tumor progression is not solely determined by the presence of a clone of mutated immortal cells, but rather that it can be 'community-controlled'.
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Friedman A, Kim Y. Tumor cells proliferation and migration under the influence of their microenvironment. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2011; 8:371-383. [PMID: 21631135 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2011.8.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that tumor microenvironment affects tumor growth and metastasis: Tumor cells may proliferate at different rates and migrate in different patterns depending on the microenvironment in which they are embedded. There is a huge literature that deals with mathematical models of tumor growth and proliferation, in both the avascular and vascular phases. In particular, a review of the literature of avascular tumor growth (up to 2006) can be found in Lolas (G. Lolas, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 1872, 77 (2006)). In this article we report on some of our recent work. We consider two aspects, proliferation and of migration, and describe mathematical models based on in vitro experiments. Simulations of the models are in agreement with experimental results. The models can be used to generate hypotheses regarding the development of drugs which will confine tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Friedman
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Fabris VT, Sahores A, Vanzulli SI, Colombo L, Molinolo AA, Lanari C, Lamb CA. Inoculated mammary carcinoma-associated fibroblasts: contribution to hormone independent tumor growth. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:293. [PMID: 20553594 PMCID: PMC2894798 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has underscored the role of carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAF) in tumor growth. However, there are controversial data regarding the persistence of inoculated CAF within the tumors. We have developed a model in which murine metastatic ductal mammary carcinomas expressing estrogen and progesterone receptors transit through different stages of hormone dependency. Hormone dependent (HD) tumors grow only in the presence of progestins, whereas hormone independent (HI) variants grow without hormone supply. We demonstrated previously that CAF from HI tumors (CAF-HI) express high levels of FGF-2 and that FGF-2 induced HD tumor growth in vivo. Our main goal was to investigate whether inoculated CAF-HI combined with purified epithelial (EPI) HD cells can induce HD tumor growth. Methods Purified EPI cells of HD and HI tumors were inoculated alone, or together with CAF-HI, into female BALB/c mice and tumor growth was evaluated. In another set of experiments, purified EPI-HI alone or combined with CAF-HI or CAF-HI-GFP were inoculated into BALB/c or BALB/c-GFP mice. We assessed whether inoculated CAF-HI persisted within the tumors by analyzing inoculated or host CAF in frozen sections of tumors growing in BALB/c or BALB/c-GFP mice. The same model was used to evaluate early stages of tumor development and animals were euthanized at 2, 7, 12 and 17 days after EPI-HI or EPI-HI+CAF-HI inoculation. In angiogenesis studies, tumor vessels were quantified 5 days after intradermal inoculation. Results We found that admixed CAF-HI failed to induce epithelial HD tumor growth, but instead, enhanced HI tumor growth (p < 0.001). Moreover, inoculated CAF-HI did not persist within the tumors. Immunofluorescence studies showed that inoculated CAF-HI disappeared after 13 days. We studied the mechanisms by which CAF-HI increased HI tumor growth, and found a significant increase in angiogenesis (p < 0.05) in the co-injected mice at early time points. Conclusions Inoculated CAF-HI do not persist within the tumor mass although they play a role during the first stages of tumor formation promoting angiogenesis. This angiogenic environment is unable to replace the hormone requirement of HD tumors that still need the hormone to recruit the stroma from the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria T Fabris
- Laboratory of Hormonal Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Interaction of Tumor with Its Micro-environment: A Mathematical Model. Bull Math Biol 2009; 72:1029-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-009-9481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kim Y, Wallace J, Li F, Ostrowski M, Friedman A. Transformed epithelial cells and fibroblasts/myofibroblasts interaction in breast tumor: a mathematical model and experiments. J Math Biol 2009; 61:401-21. [PMID: 19902212 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-009-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that tumor and its microenvironment, or stroma, interact with each other and that this interaction plays a critical role in tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. This interaction consists of complex relations between tumor cells, stromal cells such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells and immunocytes, the vascular system, the extracellular matrix, and cytokines secreted by the cells. Understanding these relationships may lead to new therapeutic approaches to cancer. In the present paper, we consider tumor-stroma crosstalk in a simple in vitro situation which involves interaction between tumor epithelial cells from breast cancer and a microenvironment consisting of just fibroblasts. The two populations of cells are separated by a semi-permeable membrane that allows only cytokines to cross over. We develop a mathematical model that includes two critical growth factors: TGF-beta, produced by the tumor cells, and EGF, secreted by the fibroblasts. The TGF-beta modifies the microenvironment by transforming fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts secrete higher concentrations of EGF than fibroblasts, thereby, increasing the proliferation of tumor cells. Thus already in this simple setup one sees a mutual interaction between tumor cells and their microenvironment. We conducted experiments which show good agreement with the model's simulations, hence confirming the model's ability to predict aspects of tumor cell behavior in response to signaling from fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Semba S, Kodama Y, Ohnuma K, Mizuuchi E, Masuda R, Yashiro M, Hirakawa K, Yokozaki H. Direct cancer-stromal interaction increases fibroblast proliferation and enhances invasive properties of scirrhous-type gastric carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1365-73. [PMID: 19773759 PMCID: PMC2768433 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scirrhous-type gastric carcinoma (SGC) exhibits an extensive submucosal fibrosis and extremely poor patient prognosis. We investigated the importance of the cancer-stromal interaction in the histogenesis of SGC. METHODS Gastric fibroblasts NF-25 and intestinal fibroblasts NF-j2 were co-cultured with SGC-derived (HSC-39) or non-SGC-derived (HSC-57 and HSC-64) cells. To identify genes that are up- or downregulated in NF-25, complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis was performed. The antibody against vascular-cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was used for cell growth test and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the impact of interaction with NF-25 fibroblasts on HSC-39 cells was investigated using western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS HSC-39 cells stimulated growth of NF-25 but not NF-j2 when co-cultured. Induction of VCAM-1 in NF-25 fibroblasts was identified, which was specific when co-cultured with HSC-39 but not with non-SGC-derived HSC-57 and HSC-64 cells. Neutralising antibody to VCAM-1 suppressed NF-25 growth in dose-dependent manners. In tissue samples, positive immunoreactivity of VCAM-1 in SGC-derived fibroblasts was significantly higher than that in non-SGC-derived fibroblasts. Furthermore, interaction with NF-25 fibroblasts not only induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like change, but also expressions of matrix metalloproteinase- related genes in HSC-39 cells. CONCLUSION Direct interaction between SGC cells and gastric fibroblasts establishes the tumour microenvironment and reinforces the aggressiveness of SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Semba
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Kodama
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Ohnuma
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - E Mizuuchi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - R Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - M Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Yokozaki
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Wadlow RC, Wittner BS, Finley SA, Bergquist H, Upadhyay R, Finn S, Loda M, Mahmood U, Ramaswamy S. Systems-level modeling of cancer-fibroblast interaction. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6888. [PMID: 19727395 PMCID: PMC2731225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells interact with surrounding stromal fibroblasts during tumorigenesis, but the complex molecular rules that govern these interactions remain poorly understood thus hindering the development of therapeutic strategies to target cancer stroma. We have taken a mathematical approach to begin defining these rules by performing the first large-scale quantitative analysis of fibroblast effects on cancer cell proliferation across more than four hundred heterotypic cell line pairings. Systems-level modeling of this complex dataset using singular value decomposition revealed that normal tissue fibroblasts variably express at least two functionally distinct activities, one which reflects transcriptional programs associated with activated mesenchymal cells, that act either coordinately or at cross-purposes to modulate cancer cell proliferation. These findings suggest that quantitative approaches may prove useful for identifying organizational principles that govern complex heterotypic cell-cell interactions in cancer and other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C. Wadlow
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ben S. Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - S. Aidan Finley
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Henry Bergquist
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rabi Upadhyay
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Studebaker AW, Storci G, Werbeck JL, Sansone P, Sasser AK, Tavolari S, Huang T, Chan MW, Marini FC, Rosol TJ, Bonafé M, Hall BM. Fibroblasts Isolated from Common Sites of Breast Cancer Metastasis Enhance Cancer Cell Growth Rates and Invasiveness in an Interleukin-6–Dependent Manner. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9087-95. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lebret SC, Newgreen DF, Thompson EW, Ackland ML. Induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in PMC42-LA human breast carcinoma cells by carcinoma-associated fibroblast secreted factors. Breast Cancer Res 2007; 9:R19. [PMID: 17311675 PMCID: PMC1851381 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast carcinoma is accompanied by changes in the acellular and cellular components of the microenvironment, the latter typified by a switch from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Methods We utilised conditioned media cultures, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry to investigate the differential effects of normal mammary fibroblasts (NMFs) and mammary cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on the phenotype and behaviour of PMC42-LA breast cancer cells. NMFs were obtained from a mammary gland at reduction mammoplasty, and CAFs from a mammary carcinoma after resection. Results We found greater expression of myofibroblastic markers in CAFs than in NMFs. Medium from both CAFs and NMFs induced novel expression of α-smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin-14 in PMC42-LA organoids. However, although conditioned media from NMFs resulted in distribution of vimentin-positive cells to the periphery of PMC42-LA organoids, this was not seen with CAF-conditioned medium. Upregulation of vimentin was accompanied by a mis-localization of E-cadherin, suggesting a loss of adhesive function. This was confirmed by visualizing the change in active β-catenin, localized to the cell junctions in control cells/cells in NMF-conditioned medium, to inactive β-catenin, localized to nuclei and cytoplasm in cells in CAF-conditioned medium. Conclusion We found no significant difference between the influences of NMFs and CAFs on PMC42-LA cell proliferation, viability, or apoptosis; significantly, we demonstrated a role for CAFs, but not for NMFs, in increasing the migratory ability of PMC42-LA cells. By concentrating NMF-conditioned media, we demonstrated the presence of factor(s) that induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NMF-conditioned media that are present at higher levels in CAF-conditioned media. Our in vitro results are consistent with observations in vivo showing that alterations in stroma influence the phenotype and behaviour of surrounding cells and provide evidence for a role for CAFs in stimulating cancer progression via an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings have implications for our understanding of the roles of signalling between epithelial and stromal cells in the development and progression of mammary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald F Newgreen
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, 3050, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville Melbourne, 3050, Australia
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne, 3065, Australia
- Bernard O'Brien Institute for Microsurgery, Fitzroy Street, Fitzroy, Melborune, 3065, Australia
| | - M Leigh Ackland
- Deakin University, Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne, 3125, Australia
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Sasser AK, Mundy BL, Smith KM, Studebaker AW, Axel AE, Haidet AM, Fernandez SA, Hall BM. Human bone marrow stromal cells enhance breast cancer cell growth rates in a cell line-dependent manner when evaluated in 3D tumor environments. Cancer Lett 2007; 254:255-64. [PMID: 17467167 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the impact that fibroblasts have on cancer cell behavior in vivo has been limited by the complexities of in vivo tumor microenvironments, which contain many distinct cell populations that influence tumor growth and survival. Herein, we describe a novel, three-dimensional (3D), in vitro, fluorometric, Tumor Growth Assay (TGA) that allows for non-invasive measurements of cancer cell expansion in the presence of multiple tumor-associated cell types or soluble factors, while embedded in Cultrex or Matrigel Basement Membrane Extract (BME). Using this assay, we investigated the direct biological impact of primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) on the growth rates of a panel of metastatic breast cancer cell lines. Human MSC can be readily isolated from bone marrow, a principle site of breast cancer metastasis, and were found to significantly enhance the growth rate of MCF-7 (P-value<0.0001), an estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) positive breast cancer cell line, in a soluble factor-dependent manner. MSC paracrine factors also enhanced the growth of other ERalpha positive breast cancer cell lines including T47D, BT474, and ZR-75-1 (P-value<0.05). In contrast, the ERalpha negative cell line MDA-MB-231 was unaffected by hMSC and the growth rate of another ERalpha negative cell line MDA-MB-468 was elevated in the presence of hMSC, albeit to a lesser extent than MCF-7 or the other ERalpha positive cell lines tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kate Sasser
- Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine & Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Yashiro M, Nakazawa K, Tendo M, Kosaka K, Shinto O, Hirakawa K. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor downregulates the paracrine epithelial-mesenchymal interactions of growth in scirrhous gastric carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:686-93. [PMID: 17096355 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The importance of cancer-mesenchymal interactions in the aggressive behavior of scirrhous gastric cancer is supported by experimental and clinical evidences. We have previously reported that gastric fibroblasts secretion of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) underline the remarkable proliferation of scirrhous gastric cancer cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is not only expressed in cancer cells, but also in interstitial fibroblasts in gastric carcinoma. To clarify the mechanisms responsible for the antiproliferation effect of COX-2 inhibitors, effect of COX-2 inhibitor on the paracrine epithelial-mesenchymal interactions of growth was examined. Scirrhous gastric cancer cell line, OCUM-2M, gastric fibroblasts, NF-21, and COX-2 inhibitor, JTE-522, were used. Growth-interaction was examined by calculating the number of cancer cells or by measuring [(3)H] thymidine incorporation of cancer cells. Effect of JTE-522 on KGF expression from NF-21 cells and OCUM-2M cells was analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR. The conditioned medium from gastric fibroblasts significantly stimulated the growth of scirrhous gastric cancer cells. JTE-522 at the concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-6) M significantly decreased the growth-stimulating activity of gastric fibroblasts. JTE-522 reduced the expression of KGF mRNA and the production of KGF from gastric fibroblasts. Oral administration of JTE-522 significantly decreased the size of xenografted tumor coinoculated with OCUM-2M cells and NF-21 cells in nude mice. JTE-522 decreased COX-2 expression and Ki67 labeling index within the coinoculated tumor. These findings suggested that a selective COX-2 inhibitor, JTE-522, downregulates KGF production from gastric fibroblasts, resulting in the inhibition of paracrine epithelial-mesenchymal interactions of proliferation between scirrhous gastric cancer cells and gastric fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Abstract
This systematic review considers the most recent attitudes and news regarding the influence of the stroma on tumor initiation and progression. It is now widely accepted that tumor stroma plays an active role in carcinogenesis. Many different signaling molecules, ligands and signaling pathways recently have been discovered. This review considers the complexity of interactions between malignant cells and its stroma (cross-talk). The recent advances and better understanding of the tumor-stroma interactions will have important impact on the new and combined therapeutic approaches and modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurija Bilalović
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, Bolnicka 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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